专题18 定语从句四大要点归纳(讲义)2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-07-04
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编写说明:2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分33个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第18个专题,内容为定语从句。 2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题18 定语从句(讲+练) ( 【考点解读】 高职单招定语从句聚焦关系词(that/which/who/where 等)选择,需辨先行词是人 / 物、从句限制性,以及只能用 that 或 which 的特殊情况,如最高级修饰、介词前置等场景。 ) 【知识点清单一】关系代词 【要点精讲】 一.定语从句关系代词的指代及功能 关系词 所修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中的作用 关系 代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 二.关系代词的具体用法 1.先行词指人并在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that 引导,且不能省略。 The woman who is standing by the window is my English teacher.(站在窗边的那位女士是我的英语老师。) He is the boy that won the first prize in the speech competition.(他就是在演讲比赛中获得一等奖的那个男孩。) 2.先行词指物并在定语从句中作主语时,用that/which 引导,且不能省略。 The book that lies on the desk is mine.(桌上的那本书是我的。) The camera which was bought last week has broken down.(上周买的相机坏了。) 3.先行词指物并在定语从句中作宾语时,用that/which引导,且可以省略关系词。 I lost the book (that/which) I bought yesterday.(我弄丢了昨天买的那本书。) The computer that/which she repaired last week is working again.(她上周修的那台电脑又能工作了。) 4.先行词指人并在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that引导,且可以省略关系词。 The teacher whom/who/that we met yesterday is very kind. 省略关系词后:The teacher we met yesterday is very kind.(我们昨天碰到的那位老师特别和蔼) 5.先行词指人或物并在定语从句中作定语时,用whose 或“介词+whom/which”引导。 The student whose essay won the prize is from Class 3.(获奖作文的学生来自三班。) The house in which I grew up has been demolished.(我长大的那所房子已被拆除。) 6.关系代词as在限制性定语从句中的用法。用于 “such...as” 或者 “the same...as” 结构不可省。 I don’t like such books as tell lies.(我不喜欢那些讲假话的书。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样。) 【即时训练】 1.The man ______ is standing by the window is our new teacher. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】先行词 "the man" 指人,且在从句中作主语,需用主格关系代词 who。选项 B(whom)用于作宾语,C(which)指物,D(whose)表所属关系,均不符合语境。 2.The book ______ cover is red was written by a famous author. A. that B. which C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】从句中 "cover" 与先行词 "the book" 存在所属关系,需用关系代词 whose 引导,表示 "书的封面"。选项 A 和 B 指物但不表所属,D 指人,均排除。 3.The film, ______ we saw last week, won several awards. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开,且先行词 "the film" 指物,需用 which 引导。选项 A(that)不能用于非限制性定语从句,C 和 D 指人,均不符合。 4.This is the house ______ he lived in for ten years. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】从句中 "lived in" 缺少宾语,先行词 "the house" 指物,需用关系代词 which。选项 A(where)是关系副词,作状语;C 指人;D 表所属,均不适用。 5.She is the only student ______ passed the exam with full marks. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】先行词被 "the only" 修饰时,定语从句需用 that 引导。选项 A(who)虽指人,但在此类结构中 that 更符合语法要求;B 指物;D 作宾语,均排除 【知识点清单二】关系副词 定语从句关系副词的指代及功能 关系词 所修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中的作用 关系 副词 when 时间名词 指时间,在从句中作时间状语 where 地点名词 指地点,在从句中作地点状语 why 原因名词 指原因,在从句中作原因状语 I still remember the day when I first met her.(我仍然记得第一次见到她的那一天。) This is the house where I lived last year.(这就是我去年居住的那所房子。) The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。) 【即时训练】 1.I still remember the day ______ I first met him at the school gate.​ A. Which B. when C. where D. why​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词 “the day” 表示时间,关系副词 “when” 在定语从句中作时间状语,指代 “在那天”,句子意思是 “我仍然记得我第一次在学校门口见到他的那天”,所以选 B。​ 2.This is the house ______ my grandparents lived for thirty years. ​ A. That B. which C. where D. why​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】先行词 “the house” 表示地点,关系副词 “where” 在定语从句中作地点状语,指代 “在这所房子里”,句子意为 “这就是我祖父母住了三十年的房子”,因此选 C。​ 3.Do you know the reason ______ he was late for class this morning?​ A. which B. when C. where D. why​ 【答案】D​ 【解析】先行词 “the reason” 表示原因,关系副词 “why” 在定语从句中作原因状语,指代 “因为这个原因”,句子意思是 “你知道他今天早上上课迟到的原因吗”,所以答案是 D。​ 4.July and August are the months ______ the weather is usually very hot in my hometown.​ A. that B. when C. where D. why​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词 “the months” 表示时间,关系副词 “when” 在定语从句中作时间状语,指代 “在这几个月里”,此句意为 “七月和八月是我家乡天气通常很热的月份”,故选择 B。​ 5.The library ______ we often borrow books is not far from our school.​ A. Which B. when C. where D. why​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】先行词 “the library” 表示地点,关系副词 “where” 在定语从句中作地点状语,指代 “在图书馆里”,句子表达 “我们经常借书的图书馆离我们学校不远”,所以选 C。 【知识点清单三】易混关系代词辨析 1.只能用 which 而不用that引导定语从句的情况 条件 例句 在非限制性定语从句中 My bike, which I bought last year, was stolen yesterday.我的自行车,我去年买的那辆,昨天被偷了。 关系代词前有介词且指物 This is the book about which he talked yesterday. 这就是他昨天谈论的那本书。 先行词为that时 That which you told me last week is really important.你上周告诉我的那件事真的很重要。 2.只能用 that 而不用which 引导定语从句的情况 条件 例句 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.(我们应该做的第一件事是制定一个计划) 先行词是all, much, little, none, few,something, anything,everything等不定代词时 All that he said is true.(他所说的一切都是真的) 当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little,much, the only, the very等修饰时 This is the only thing that I want.(这是我唯一想要的东西) 先行词既包括人又包括物时 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.(他们谈论了他们在学校记得的人和事) 主句是以 who/which开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the book that you bought last week?(哪一本是你上周买的书) 【即时训练】 1.The house, ______ was built in 1990, needs to be repaired. ​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是 “the house” 指物。在非限制性定语从句中,不能用 that 引导,只能用 which,所以选 B。句子意思是 “这座建于 1990 年的房子需要修理”。​ 2.This is the factory ______ he works in.​ A. That B. which C. where D. whose​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句中介词 “in” 前置,先行词 “the factory” 指物,当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时,只能用 which 引导定语从句,不能用 that,所以答案是 B,句子意为 “这就是他工作的工厂”。​ 3.This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.​ A. that B. which C. who D. whom​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】先行词 “film” 被最高级 “the best” 修饰,在先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰的情况下,只能用 that 引导定语从句,不能用 which,此句意思是 “这是我看过的最好的电影”,所以选 A。​ 4.The first lesson ______ we learned yesterday is very easy.​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】先行词 “lesson” 被序数词 “the first” 修饰,当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,只能用 that 引导定语从句,不能用 which,句子表达 “我们昨天学的第一课非常简单”,因此选 A。​ 【知识点清单四】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开 关系词 关系代词、关系副词(作宾语时可省略) 只用关系代词或关系副词,一般不用that 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 意义 起限定作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,不可 省去 仅作补充或进一步的说明,省去之后主句意思依然完整 The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。) My mother, who is 50 years old, likes dancing.(我妈妈,她 50 岁了,喜欢跳舞。) 【即时训练】 1.选择正确的句子: A. My mother who is a teacher works hard. B. My mother, who is a teacher, works hard. 【答案】B 【解析】限制性定语从句(A 句)暗示 “我” 有多个母亲,需要通过 “是老师” 来限定具体是哪一个,这显然不符合逻辑。非限制性定语从句(B 句)用逗号分隔,补充说明 “我的母亲是老师” 这一事实,符合语境。 2.“The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting.” 该句是: A. 限制性定语从句 B. 非限制性定语从句 【答案】A 【解析】句中没有逗号,且定语从句 “which I borrowed from the library” 是对先行词 “The book” 的必要限定,说明是 “从图书馆借的那本书”,而非其他书,因此属于限制性定语从句。 3.选择合适的引导词: “This is my sister, ______ lives in New York.” A. who B. that 【答案】A 【解析】非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导,且先行词 “my sister” 指人,因此用 who。句子用逗号分隔,表明是对姐姐的补充说明(她住在纽约),属于非限制性定语从句。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分33个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第18个专题,内容为定语从句。 2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题18 定语从句(讲+练) ( 【考点解读】 高职单招定语从句聚焦关系词(that/which/who/where 等)选择,需辨先行词是人 / 物、从句限制性,以及只能用 that 或 which 的特殊情况,如最高级修饰、介词前置等场景。 ) 【知识点清单一】关系代词 【要点精讲】 一.定语从句关系代词的指代及功能 关系词 所修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中的作用 关系 代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 二.关系代词的具体用法 1.先行词指人并在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that 引导,且不能省略。 The woman who is standing by the window is my English teacher.(站在窗边的那位女士是我的英语老师。) He is the boy that won the first prize in the speech competition.(他就是在演讲比赛中获得一等奖的那个男孩。) 2.先行词指物并在定语从句中作主语时,用that/which 引导,且不能省略。 The book that lies on the desk is mine.(桌上的那本书是我的。) The camera which was bought last week has broken down.(上周买的相机坏了。) 3.先行词指物并在定语从句中作宾语时,用that/which引导,且可以省略关系词。 I lost the book (that/which) I bought yesterday.(我弄丢了昨天买的那本书。) The computer that/which she repaired last week is working again.(她上周修的那台电脑又能工作了。) 4.先行词指人并在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that引导,且可以省略关系词。 The teacher whom/who/that we met yesterday is very kind. 省略关系词后:The teacher we met yesterday is very kind.(我们昨天碰到的那位老师特别和蔼) 5.先行词指人或物并在定语从句中作定语时,用whose 或“介词+whom/which”引导。 The student whose essay won the prize is from Class 3.(获奖作文的学生来自三班。) The house in which I grew up has been demolished.(我长大的那所房子已被拆除。) 6.关系代词as在限制性定语从句中的用法。用于 “such...as” 或者 “the same...as” 结构不可省。 I don’t like such books as tell lies.(我不喜欢那些讲假话的书。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样。) 【即时训练】 1.The man ______ is standing by the window is our new teacher. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2.The book ______ cover is red was written by a famous author. A. that B. which C. whose D. whom 3.The film, ______ we saw last week, won several awards. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 4.This is the house ______ he lived in for ten years. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose 5.She is the only student ______ passed the exam with full marks. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 【知识点清单二】关系副词 定语从句关系副词的指代及功能 关系词 所修饰的先行词 关系词在从句中的作用 关系 副词 when 时间名词 指时间,在从句中作时间状语 where 地点名词 指地点,在从句中作地点状语 why 原因名词 指原因,在从句中作原因状语 I still remember the day when I first met her.(我仍然记得第一次见到她的那一天。) This is the house where I lived last year.(这就是我去年居住的那所房子。) The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。) 【即时训练】 1.I still remember the day ______ I first met him at the school gate.​ A. Which B. when C. where D. why​ 2.This is the house ______ my grandparents lived for thirty years. ​ A. That B. which C. where D. why​ 3.Do you know the reason ______ he was late for class this morning?​ A. which B. when C. where D. why​ 4.July and August are the months ______ the weather is usually very hot in my hometown.​ A. that B. when C. where D. why​ 5.The library ______ we often borrow books is not far from our school.​ A. Which B. when C. where D. why​ 【知识点清单三】易混关系代词辨析 1.只能用 which 而不用that引导定语从句的情况 条件 例句 在非限制性定语从句中 My bike, which I bought last year, was stolen yesterday.我的自行车,我去年买的那辆,昨天被偷了。 关系代词前有介词且指物 This is the book about which he talked yesterday. 这就是他昨天谈论的那本书。 先行词为that时 That which you told me last week is really important.你上周告诉我的那件事真的很重要。 2.只能用 that 而不用which 引导定语从句的情况 条件 例句 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时 The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.(我们应该做的第一件事是制定一个计划) 先行词是all, much, little, none, few,something, anything,everything等不定代词时 All that he said is true.(他所说的一切都是真的) 当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little,much, the only, the very等修饰时 This is the only thing that I want.(这是我唯一想要的东西) 先行词既包括人又包括物时 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.(他们谈论了他们在学校记得的人和事) 主句是以 who/which开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the book that you bought last week?(哪一本是你上周买的书) 【即时训练】 1.The house, ______ was built in 1990, needs to be repaired. ​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 2.This is the factory ______ he works in.​ A. That B. which C. where D. whose​ 3.This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.​ A. that B. which C. who D. whom​ 4.The first lesson ______ we learned yesterday is very easy.​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 【知识点清单四】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间用逗号隔开 关系词 关系代词、关系副词(作宾语时可省略) 只用关系代词或关系副词,一般不用that 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个句子 意义 起限定作用,是先行词不可缺少的定语,不可 省去 仅作补充或进一步的说明,省去之后主句意思依然完整 The girl who wears a red dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的那个女孩是我妹妹。) My mother, who is 50 years old, likes dancing.(我妈妈,她 50 岁了,喜欢跳舞。) 【即时训练】 1.选择正确的句子: A. My mother who is a teacher works hard. B. My mother, who is a teacher, works hard. 2.“The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting.” 该句是: A. 限制性定语从句 B. 非限制性定语从句 3.选择合适的引导词: “This is my sister, ______ lives in New York.” A. who B. that 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题18 定语从句四大要点归纳(讲义)2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题18 定语从句四大要点归纳(讲义)2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题18 定语从句四大要点归纳(讲义)2026版吉林省(高职分类考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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