Unit 4 Sharing一轮复习检测-2026届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

XB4U4 知识总复习 I. 单词 1. n.包裹v.裹好:打包 30. adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的 2. n.邮件;信件;邮政v.邮寄 31. v.辞职;辞去 3. adj.中学的;次要的 32. v.值得:应得:应受 4. n.沙土;灰尘v.擦灰 33. adv.最近;不久前;近来 5. adj.布满灰尘的 34. n.情况;信息;投入 6. n.杂草;野草v.除杂草 35. n.曲调;曲子v.调音 7. n.合唱曲;合唱团v.齐声说 36. v.感染;订立合同n.合同 8. n.棉布;棉花 37. vt.同意;准许n.拨款 9. n.制服adj.一致的:统一的 38. n.巡回;环形线路 10. n.橡皮;黑板擦;橡胶 39. n.缺陷;障碍 11. n.洗手间;厕所 40. n.咨询;咨询会 12. adj.死板的 41. n.胶囊;太空舱 13. vi.起泡;沸腾 42. v.转发;转播n.接力赛 14. n.管子:管状物 43. n标准;准则;原则 15. n.化学家;药剂师;药房 44. n.稳定(性);稳固(性) 16. v.给......遮挡(光线)n.阴凉处 45. v.企盼;祈祷 17. n.頜;下巴 46. adj.假设的;假定的 18. v.起皱纹;皱起n.皱纹 47. jam 19. n.额;前额 48. clay 20. n.简陋的小房子(或棚、合) 49. tablet 21. n.住房;住宅 50. circus 22. n.平台;站台;舞台 51. fireplace 23. adj.成熟的;时机成熟的 52. saucer 24. n.门口;出入口;门道 53. kettle 25. adj.吃剩的;残留的 54. pan 26. n.握手 55. jar 27. v.拖;拽v.缓慢而费力地移动 56. grill 28. n.优惠待遇;特权 57. cardiac 29. v.封堵;补足n.堵塞物;插头 II. 短语/词块 1. 齐声；异口同声 10. …值得被做 2. 更不用说；且不说 11. 感染疾病 3. 在(……的)阴凉处 12. 与某人签订/订立合同 4. 使某人沮丧 13. 认为……理所当然 5. 做 某 事 是 一 种 殊 荣 14. 与......磋商 6. 荣 幸 做 某 事 15. 就某事和某人商量 7. 有 特 权 做 某 事 16. 转达/转发给.... 8. 生理残疾/心理缺陷/终身残疾 17. 但愿 9. 辞去职务 III. 单词变形 1. dust n.沙土；灰尘vi.& vt.擦灰→__________adj.布满灰尘的 2. rub v.擦→__________n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶 3. rigid adj.死板的；固执的→__________adv.死板地；固执地→__________n.固执；僵化 4. chemist n.化学家；药剂师；药房→__________adj.化学的→__________n.化学 5. shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分→__________adj.阴凉处的 6. wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹→__________adj.有皱纹的；显出皱纹的 7. house n.住宅；家庭vt.覆盖；给……房子住→__________n.住房；住宅 8. ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→__________vt.使……成熟→__________n.成熟 9. privilege n.优惠待遇；特权vt.给予……特权；特免→__________adj.享有特权的；荣幸的；幸运的 10. disable vt.使失去能力；使残废；使无资格→__________adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→__________n.缺陷；障碍 11. resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去→__________n.辞职；辞职信 12. input n.情况；信息；投入；输入vt.输入→(反义词) __________n.输出；输出量；产量；出产vt.输出 13. contract vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同；契约→__________n.承包人；立契约者 14. consult v.咨询；请教；商议→__________n.咨询；咨询会→__________n.顾问；咨询者；会诊医生 15. stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；坚定的→__________n.稳定(性)；稳固(性)→__________adv.平稳地；坚固地；安定地 16. pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷→__________n.祈祷；祷告 IV. 单句填空 1. ____________ education is crucial for preparing students for higher education and future careers. 中等教育对于学生准备高等教育和未来的职业生涯至关重要。 2. She carefully wrapped the present in a colorful ____________ and tied it with a ribbon. 她小心翼翼地把礼物用一个色彩鲜艳的包裹包起来，并用丝带系好。 3. I sent a letter to my friend ____________ ____________ yesterday. 我昨天通过邮寄给我朋友寄了一封信。 4. The rules and regulations in the company are ____________ and not easily changed. 公司的规章制度很严格，不容易改变。 5. She found a ____________ spot under the tree to sit and read her book. 她在大树下找了个阴凉的地方坐下来看书。 6. She noticed a few fine ____________ on her mother's face. 她注意到她妈妈脸上有几条细纹。 7. The government is committed to providing affordable ____________ for all citizens. 政府致力于为所有公民提供负担得起的住房。 8. The room was ____________ and needed a thorough cleaning. 房间满是灰尘，需要彻底打扫。 9. The students all wore their school ____________ to the ceremony. 学生们都穿着校服参加了典礼。 10. He wiped the sweat from his ____________ with a towel. 他用毛巾擦去额头上的汗水。 11. They exchanged a firm ____________ after signing the agreement. 他们在签署协议后交换了坚定的握手。 12. He ____________ the heavy suitcase across the floor with difficulty. 他费力地把沉重的行李箱拖过地板。 13. She knelt down to ____________ for the sick child's recovery. 她跪下为生病的孩子祈祷康复。 14. The ____________ scenario we discussed was based on a series of unlikely events. 我们讨论的假设情景是基于一系列不太可能发生的事件。 15. The ____________ man used a wheelchair to get around. 那个残疾人用轮椅代步。 16. She decided to ____________ ____________ her job to pursue her passion for writing. 她决定辞职去追求她对写作的热爱。 17. He ____________ a raise for his hard work and dedication. 他工作勤奋，尽职尽责，应该加薪。 18. The train stopped at the ____________ and the passengers got off. 火车在站台上停下来，乘客们下了车。 19. The apples on the tree were ____________ and ready to be picked. 树上的苹果已经熟了，可以摘了。 20. There were some ____________ pizza slices in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一些剩下的披萨片。 21. She sought a ____________ with a specialist to discuss her treatment options. 她向专家咨询以讨论她的治疗方案。 22. The ____________ for success in this job is the ability to meet deadlines. 这份工作成功的标准是能否按时完成任务。 23. ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ to be invited to speak at this prestigious conference. 受邀在这个著名的会议上发言是一种荣幸。 24. I haven't seen her ____________; I hope she's doing well. 我最近没见过她，希望她一切都好。 25. He ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ the publishing company for his new book. 他与出版社签订了他的新书出版合同。 26. ____________ is crucial for the growth and development of a child. 稳定性对儿童的成长和发展至关重要。 V. 课文填空 VOLUNTEERING IN THE BUSH 8 March I just got a parcel from home! It took about two weeks to arrive, and it was a bit damaged, but it was so nice to get some sweets and jam from home；I’ve been 1.____________(想做某事) have some of my favourite sweets, and it’s always nice to get mail! So I’ve been here in the jungle for about a month now. My secondary school is a bush school. The classrooms 2.________________(由……制成) bamboo, with clay floors and roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds. When I reach the school grounds, I’m greeted by 3._________________(一片……声) “good morning” from the boys. Unlike students in our country, these boys do not wear cotton uniforms, and many of them also have to walk a long way, sometimes for up to two hours, just to get to school. There’s no electricity, running water or even textbooks, 4._________________(更不用提) laptops, tablets, or other modern devices! All the students have are pencils, rubbers, and paper. I’m still trying to 5.____________(适应) these conditions. I’ve had to become much more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students 6._____________________(对……没有概念) doing experiments. There is no equipment, and since there isn’t even a washroom, if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a basin! It’s important not to be too rigid about rules here, too. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, 7.__________________(我没有意识到/不知不觉), the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! The class became a circus as the boys, who had never 8.______________(遇到) anything like this before, started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students—few will ever become chemists—and most will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. 9._______________(说实话), I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 17 April Last weekend I made my first visit to 10.________________(遥远的村庄), home to one of our students, Tombe. Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours to get there—first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, and then down a shaded path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, saw us coming and started crying “ieee ieee”. We 11._______________(和……握手) with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be related to Tombe. Tombe’s father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house, a low, round bamboo hut with no windows, with a door just big enough to 12.____________(通过), and with grass sticking out of the roof—this shows it is a man’s house. Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few saucers, a kettle, cups, pans, and 13._______________(几个) jars. Mukap built a fire outside and laid stones on it to heat. He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau, ripe corn, and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. It smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe interpreted for us. Later, I noticed a can standing 14.______________(颠倒) on the grill over the fire. After a while, Tombe threw it out of the doorway. Tombe told me that the can was heated to 15.________________(让……干透) the leftover food. His family believes that leftovers attract bad spirits in the night, so any leftover food is dried up in a can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a 16.___________(荣幸) to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. 佳句背诵 1. To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.老实说，我怀疑我是否能改变这些孩子的生活。 2. I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation.我喜欢听家人彼此轻声交谈用他们的语言，即使我不能参加太多的对话。 3. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.能和汤贝的家人呆一天真是太荣幸了。 VI. 话题语篇泛读 How to give money to good causes Let a balance of morals, liberty and efficiency be your guide IT IS THE season for giving. Nearly two-fifths of Americans tell pollsters that they sign over more of their savings to charity in the holiday season than at any other time of year; more than two-thirds of Britons say they plan to donate money at Christmas. But the labyrinth of charities, good causes and people in need can be as hard to navigate as the seasonal family get-together. How to give well? Unfortunately, the idea that you should treat charitable donations methodically has been tarnished by effective altruism, a movement associated with Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), a convicted crypto con man who insinuated that his fraudulent enterprise was ultimately all about doing good. Happily, the notion that there is a wise way to give has a long and noble history. Aristotle suggested that virtue stemmed from correct giving: to the right people, in the right amounts, for the right reasons and at the right times. For the modern giver, three considerations could usefully serve as a guide. First should be to observe your own moral priorities. Giving to rescue dying languages and to save dying children both have an intrinsic value. Religion and philosophy may help you balance their competing claims. But ultimately, how important you find one good cause compared with another is a matter of personal choice. Another consideration is how much freedom you should allow worthy recipients to choose between different good things for themselves. You might be fired up with the mission to lift up the neediest out of poverty. But they may prefer to spend your precious money on a funeral for a close friend than to invest in a cow as a source of future income. You need to decide how much to defer to their wishes. This way of thinking helps explain why schemes offering cash transfers have become more popular in recent years. GiveDirectly, which offers such handouts in poor countries, has alone raised over half a billion dollars in the past three years. The third consideration is efficiency. Be it preventing river blindness, improving literacy or doling out cash, some organisations are better than others at getting the job done. However, it is not always possible to know how efficient charities are. Sometimes the dollar gains for each dollar spent are hard to measure, if not impossible. How do you quantify whether a programme to support democracy has been successful? If an autocrat ends up in power, you may conclude the effort was futile; then again, you may think it was worth staving off democratic collapse at least for a while. Smaller charities can struggle to collect the data they need to evaluate their work. That does not mean charities that try to solve complex problems or lack data are worse; just that how well they do good is anyone’s guess. When you can get evidence about charities’ efficiency, it should enter your calculations. A defined goal, such as digging wells for clean water, should be measurable. So, too, should programmes that promise quick results. Because some charities really do get more done per dollar, whom you give to can matter as much as how much you give. GiveWell, a charity ranker, spends thousands of hours on such calculations to produce a list of the best charities. Drawing on the SBF-free insights behind effective altruism, it focuses on the organisations with plenty of data and places special weight on saving the lives of young children. Charities themselves could do more to be transparent on efficiency, so as to help donors make more informed decisions. Not just for Christmas Obviously, there is more than one way of measuring efficiency and different methodologies will reflect different priorities. Rigorous giving calls for thought and judgment. That may seem like hard work, but the effort helps donors maximise the benefit of what is given. And, as Aristotle argued, it makes those who give better, too. 正是赠与的季节。几乎五分之二的美国人告诉民调人员，他们在假期期间捐赠的金额比一年中其他任何时候都要多；超过三分之二的英国人表示，他们计划在圣诞节期间捐钱。然而，慈善机构、公益事业和需要帮助的人群构成的复杂局面，有时就像节日家庭聚会一样，难以应对。如何做到有效捐赠呢？ 不幸的是，应该以有条理的方式进行慈善捐赠的观念，因与萨姆·班克曼-弗里德（Sam Bankman-Fried，简称SBF）相关的有效利他主义运动而受到了污名化。SBF是一名因加密货币骗局而被定罪的诈骗犯，他暗示自己的欺诈事业最终是为了行善。不过，值得庆幸的是，关于存在一种智慧的捐赠方式这一观念，有着悠久而高尚的历史。亚里士多德曾提出，德行源自正确的捐赠：捐给合适的人，捐赠合适的金额，合适的理由，以及合适的捐赠时机。 对于现代捐赠者来说，有三项可考虑因素能作为有效的指南。首先，应该观察自己道德上的优先级。拯救濒临消逝的语言和救助垂危儿童，二者都有其内在的价值。宗教信仰和哲学思想可以帮助你在这些竞争性诉求之间找到平衡。但归根结底，认为一个公益事业比另一个更重要，完全是个人选择的问题。 另一个要考虑的事是，对于那些值得帮助的接受者，在不同的好事之间自主选择时，你允许的自由度有多大。你可能满腔热血地想要帮助最贫困的人摆脱困境，但他们可能更愿意将你宝贵的捐款用于为亲密的朋友办丧事，而不是投资购买一头牛，作为未来收入的来源。你需要决定在多大程度上尊重他们的意愿。这种思考方式有助于解释为什么近年来，提供现金转移的计划变得越来越流行。比如，GiveDirectly这个组织在贫困国家提供现金援助，过去三年就筹集了超过五亿美元。 第三个考虑因素是效率。无论是预防河盲症、改善识字率，还是直接给现金，一些组织在实现目标方面比其他组织做得更好。 然而，评估慈善机构效率到底怎样并非总是可能的。有时候花费一美元所获得的收益很难衡量，甚至是不可能衡量的。如何量化一个支持民主的项目是否成功呢？如果一个独裁者最终掌权，你可能会认为这项努力毫无意义；但另一方面，你可能会认为，至少暂时阻止民主的崩溃也是值得的。较小的慈善机构可能难以收集所需的数据来评估其工作成果。这并不意味着那些试图解决复杂问题或缺乏数据的慈善机构做得更差；只是说它们做好事做得有多好，只能靠猜。 如果你能获得关于慈善机构效率的证明，这些信息应该进入你的考虑之中。一个明确的目标，比如挖掘清洁水源的井，应该是可以衡量的。同样，承诺快速见效的项目也应当是可衡量的。因为一些慈善机构确实能用更少的钱做更多的事情，所以捐赠给谁，可能和捐赠多少一样重要。 GiveWell是一家慈善机构评级机构，投入了大量时间进行此类计算，编制出最佳慈善机构的名单。它借鉴了与SBF无关的有效利他主义的理念，专注于那些数据丰富的组织，特别关注拯救年轻儿童的生命。慈善机构本身可以做得更多，以提高效率的透明度，来帮助捐赠者做出更明智的决策。 不仅仅是圣诞节 显然，衡量效率的方式不止一种，不同的方法会反映出不同的优先事项。严格的捐赠需要深思熟虑和判断。虽然这看上去可能是艰巨的任务，但这份努力有助于捐赠者最大化其捐赠的效益。而正如亚里士多德所言，这也能使捐赠者自身变得更好。 答案 I. 单词 1. 1. parcel 2. mail 3. secondary 4. dust 5. dusty 6. weed 7. chorus 8. cotton 9. uniform 10. rubber 11. washroom 12. rigid 13. bubble 14. tube 15. chemist 16. shade 17. jaw 18. wrinkle 19. forehead 20. hut 21. housing 22. platform 23. ripe 24. doorway 25. leftover 26. handshake 27. drag 28. privilege 29. plug 30. disabled 31. resign 32. deserve 33. lately 34. input 35. tune 36. contract 37. grant 38. circuit 39. disability 40. consultation 41. capsule 42. relay 43. criterion 44. stability 45. pray 46. hypothetical 47. n.果酱:堵塞 48. n.黏土;陶土 49. n.平板电脑 50. n.马戏团 51. n.壁炉 52. n.茶碟;杯托 53. n.壶;水壶 54. n.平底锅;烤盘 55. n.罐子:坛子 56. n.烤架;烤肉餐馆 57. adj心脏的 1. II. 短语 2. 3. a chorus of 4. not to mention 5. in the shade (of...) 6. drag sb. down 7. It is a privilege to do sth. 8. be privileged to do sth. 9. have the privilege to do/of doing sth. 10. physical/mental/permanent disability 11. resign one's post/position 12. deserve doing/to be done ... 13. contract a disease 14. enter into/sign/make a contract with sb. 15. take ... for granted 16. in consultation with 17. consult (with) sb. about/on sth. 18. relay to 19. pray that III. 单词变形 1. 2. dusty 3. rubber 4. rigidly rigidity 5. chemical chemistry 6. shady 7. wrinkled 8. housing 9. ripen ripeness 10. privileged 11. disabled disability 12. resignation 13. output 14. contractor 15. consultation consultant 16. stability stably 17. prayer   IV. 单句填空 1. 1. Secondary 2. parcel 3. via mail 4. rigid 5. shady 6. wrinkles 7. housing 8. dusty 9. uniforms 10. forehead 11. handshake 12. dragged 13. pray 14. hypothetical 15. disabled 16. resign from 17. deserves 18. platform 19. ripe 20. leftover 21. consultation 22. criterion 23. It is a privilege 24. lately 25. signed a contract with 26. Stability V. 课文填空 1. 2. dying to 3. are made of 4. a chorus of 5. not to mention 6. adapt to 7. have no concept of 8. before I knew it 9. come across 10. To be honest 11. a remote village 12. shook hands 13. get through 14. a couple of 15. upside down 16. dry out 17. privilege 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$