Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元话题阅读理解练习-2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 People of Achievement单元话题：著名人物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高二上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6,1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. In March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1．A person can develop rabies . A．if he is bitten by a rabbit B．if he touches infected saliva C．if infected saliva enters his wounds D．if he touches an infected animal 2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. B．It didn’t save the man’s life. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was his second patient. 3．After Pasteur died, the Pasteur Institute . A．worked much better than before B．worked well until today C．continued to be in business for many years D．became the most important centre in the world 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician (数学家) because he might live a poor life being a mathematician, and he and his father reached an agreement, and von Neumann went to study chemistry. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D．in mathematics (数学). From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1930, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War II (1931-1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure (纯粹的) mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 1．What did von Neumann’s father believe according to Paragraph 1? A．A mathematician couldn’t earn much money. B．A mathematician needed a good memory. C．Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D．Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 2．When did von Neumann publish his first book? A．At 23. B．At 26. C．At 29. D．At 32. 3．How did World War II affect John von Neumann? A．He realized the importance of engineering. B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice. C．He left college and served at the government department. D．He lost interest in maths. 4．Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A．Calm. B．Brave. C．Smart. D．Humorous. （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）If it had been up to Peter Higgs, the world would have never noticed his death on April 8th-nor, for that matter, the 94 years of life before it. He valued the respect of his coworkers and treasured his occasional “bright ideas” about the way the universe worked. The fact that one of those ideas ended up boiled down into an object bearing his name was a source of some annoyance. Dr. Higgs’s best-known idea was crucial but it was understood by only a few people. There are two types of fundamental particles (粒子) fermions and bosons. The symmetrical (对称的) nature of the equations which describe bosons implies that they should be massless. By the 1950s, though, it seemed that some bosons did have mass; some fundamental symmetries were in practice “broken”. Resolving the maths of broken symmetries became the focus of particle physicists. Dr. Higgs’s contribution, made over a few weeks in the summer of 1964, was a mathematical description of a new boson that could give mass to bosons in need of it. In 1983, a daring upgrade to a particle accelerator (加速器) at CERN, the European physics lab near Geneva, produced direct evidence of three massive bosons-two Ws and a Z. Upset over this, some American physicists told the government which funded them that America was losing an important race. The proposed comeback was the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), a particle accelerator of extraordinary power. The Higgs boson was a key part of the proposal. The particle’s existence was predicted but, as had been the case with the Ws and Z, its discovery was impossible without a powerful enough machine. The SSC would be that machine. In 1993 America cancelled the SSC but CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) carried on. The LHC delivered the goods in 2012, and the Nobel Prize committee followed suit the next year. Dr. Higgs smiled sometimes and bore the attention. However, what scientists actually want from big science rarely boils down to a single thing; they want the means with which to explore widely. As Dr. Higgs always knew, what really matters is the process, not the prize. 1．What can we say about Dr. Higgs according to paragraph 1? A．He preferred a quiet life. B．His death was little known to others. C．He made many discoveries bearing his name. D．His understanding of the universe was confusing. 2．What breakthrough did Dr. Higgs achieve? A．He proved why fermions are massless. B．He differentiated two categories of particles. C．He explained how some bosons gained mass. D．He broke the fundamental symmetries. 3．Why was the SSC proposed? A．To track down the Higgs boson. B．To search for fermions and bosons. C．To prove the existence of two Ws and a Z. D．To help predict the possible adaptations of bosons. 4．What did Dr. Higgs think of winning the Nobel Prize? A．Difficult. B．Insignificant. C．Satisfying. D．Far-reaching. （24-25高二上·广东中山·阶段练习）Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans. But she also devoted years. gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides. Her work, Silent Spring, became one of the most influential books of the 20th century. And it launched the modern environmental movement. Born in Pennsylvania, she became a marine (海洋的) scientist working for the US government, primarily as a writer and editor. Her first three books, Under the Sea-Wind, The Sea Around Us, and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea. They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers. But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject. Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice (虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe. She painstakingly gathered research to prove that chemical industry were overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn’t been tested. Carson published her research as a book, Silent Spring, in 1962. It caused an uproar. Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry. Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor. Finally, her work convinced the president to call for an investigation. Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring, including DDT, were banned. She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain. Yet she refused to stop working on the book. She died on April 14, 1964, at the age of 56. Her writings helped move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth. 1．Why did Carson turned to a new field after she got famous? A．She was doubtful about effectiveness of DDT. B．She was interested in the life-saving DDT at that time. C．She was surprised that DDT could kill lice and mosquitoes D．She was worried about the harm caused by overuse of DDT. 2．What does the underlined word “uproar” probably mean? A．Discussion. B．Criticism. C．Agreement. D．Interruption. 3．What finally changed the public view of chemical safety? A．Carson’s first three books. B．The investigation of the president. C．Carson’s silence about the attacks. D．The arguments Carson presented on TV. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．An Inspiring Research on a Book. B．First Woman Marine Scientist. C．A Revolutionary Call for Action. D．A Pioneer in Environmental Protection. （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·阶段练习）Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist. He was born in 1942. He died at his home on March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain. As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe. Since he was 21 years old, Hawking had been badly ill, but he didn’t give up his hope of living. He went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. Then he worked as a professor at Cambridge University. Hawking was known for his work with black holes. He also wrote several popular science books. Although he didn’t live as freely as others, he still felt he was happy and he was thankful to life. When Hawking was invited to China, he made speeches in some famous universities. From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. As he once said, “Life is not fair. You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 1．What is Hawking called according to paragraph 2? A．The Father of Clock. B．The Father of Rice. C．The King of Comedy. D．The King of the Universe. 2．When did Hawking get his doctor’s degree? A．In 1942. B．In 1965. C．In 1976. D．In 2018. 3．What was Hawking known for? A．Black holes. B．Empty holes. C．Steam engines. D．Light bulbs. 4．What does Stephen Hawking’s life tell us? A．A good beginning makes a good ending. B．Winners can deal with all the difficulties. C．No matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. D．An interest in science will give us a lot in the life. （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·阶段练习）Recently, the topic “Chinese people can eat such a sweet melon but can’t do without this grandma” has topped the hot search list. The grandma is 94-year-old Wu Mingzhu, called the “queen of melons”, a melon-growing expert and academician. Among Wu Mingzhu’s classmates was Yuan Longping, who later became the “father of hybrid rice”. Wu Mingzhu was born in 1930 into a scholarly family in Wuhan city. After her graduation in 1953, she was assigned to work in Beijing. But Wu had already set her eyes on her long-awaited goal. “What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the fields not in an office,” said Wu. In 1955, Wu voluntarily went to work in Shanghai County, Turpan Basin, where working conditions were quite hard. She found that the Hami melon, a rare specialty fruit which was once common in the area, was in danger of becoming extinct if not properly cultivated (种植). Wu spent years visiting over 300 production teams, picking out 44 melon varieties. She overcame a variety of difficulties to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way, winning over the local farmers accustomed (习惯的) to folk cultivation methods. Then the promotion area covered most of Xinjiang's main commodity areas, and a group of melon-rich villages appeared. From more than 60 years, Wu Mingzhu and her team has cultivated more than 30 varieties, brought the sweetness of melons to people, and promoted the melon series with Chinese characteristics and a complete breeding innovation system to the world. When first hearing her nickname of “a pearl in the Turpan Basin”, Wu said, “In Xinjiang, there are thousands of science and technology workers like me. They have worked hard for decades on the frontline of agriculture. I’m just one of the ordinary ones.” 1．Why does the author mention Yuan Longping in the first paragraph? A．To tell us Wu's partner and social circle. B．To prove Wu's success resulting from Yuan's help. C．To make a comparison between Wu and Yuan. D．To let us get a further understanding of Wu. 2．Why did Wu dislike the job in Beijing? A．She wanted to go back to her hometown. B．She was attracted by Xinjiang's fruit. C．She preferred to research in the fields. D．She thought Beijing unsuitable for agriculture. 3．How did Wu persuade the locals to adopt her way of producing melons? A．By expanding the planting area. B．By developing high-quality melons scientifically. C．By sharing expert knowledge with them. D．By providing enough financial assistance. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu? A．Promising B．Confident C．Devoted D．Patient （23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientist who changed the world through their contributions and discoveries. Galileo (1564--1642) Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo completely changed our understanding of the world, successfully providing the Earth circles around the Sun and not the other way. His work Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the kinetics and mechanics of materials. Isaac Newton (1643--1727) Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion. Charles Darwin (1809--1882) Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a background of disbelief and scepticism. He collected evidences over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species. Marie Curie (1867--1934) Curie, a Polish physicist and chemist, discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-rays. She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physics. Albert Einstein (1879--1955) He revolutionized modern physics with his General Theory of Relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis if the Quantum Theory. 1．Who is the author of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica? A．Isaac Newton B．Marie Curie C．Charles Darwin D．Albert Einstein 2．What do Marie Curie and Albert Einstein have in common? A．They were the greatest chemists. B．They were the Nobel Prize winners. C．They had a deep study of physics and astronomy. D．They laid the foundation for the development of classical medicine. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a novel. B．In a history book C．In an art magazine D．On a science website. （24-25高二上·广西·期中）Women scientists around the globe have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four female scientists who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chienshiung (1912 — 1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity (宇称理论) in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914 — 2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johns (1918 — 2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930 —) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1．Who made the greatest contributions to NASA? A．Hedy Lamarr. B．Tu Youyou. C．Katherine Johns. D．Wu Chienshiung. 2．Why is Tu Youyou considered as a great person? A．Her research rescued millions of people. B．She is the first female Nobel Prize winner. C．Her research overturned the Manhattan Project. D．She discovered the malaria with a determined effort. 3．What do the four female scientists have in common? A．They all won the Nobel Prize. B．They all developed a theory of STEM. C．They all devoted themselves to the medical field. D．They all made an important influence on the world. 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三下·江西赣州·期中）When hearing the word “genius”, many people automatically visualize a person with crazy and messy hair- someone like Albert Einstein, the famous scientist. They imagine the genius to be hurriedly writing calculations on a whiteboard, perhaps speaking to themselves as they work. This is a widespread idea of what a genius is like, but is it accurate? What makes a person a genius? Psychological studies define a genius as being a person with an above-average intelligence, and many researchers believe that an IQ (Intelligence Quotient) of above 140 indicates that a person has a high potential of genius. Research confirms that natural and inherited intellectual ability does play a role in determining genius, and statistics show that genius tendencies are frequently passed down from generation to generation. But is a person’s natural intelligence strongly linked to genius? Many people who score highly on intelligence tests are not successful in everyday life, and they often do not display any above-average abilities. The 19th century British scientist, Sir Francis Galton, believed that the term “genius” could only be applied to someone who had accomplished a significant achievement. What mattered to Galton was not a person’s potential ability, but how much a person could achieve with that ability. He considered characteristics such as passion and capacity to work hard as important to genius as intelligence. Some believe that genius may almost be a type of psychosis. It is a fact that some of the world’s most celebrated intellectual geniuses display very poor social and emotional skills, and these people mirror the conventional image of the “mad scientist” genius. Others believe one can be a genius in one or two areas but not in others. They believe many people can have elements of genius — such as being a confident speaker or an excellent sportsman. At present there is nothing agreed upon definition of genius. However, it does appear that both genetic and environmental factors contribute toward creating a genius. 1．Why is Einstein mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To highlight his scientific breakthroughs. B．To list different definitions of intelligence. C．To illustrate the common image of genius. D．To explain the role of creativity in science. 2．What did Galton believe was important for defining a genius? A．A person’s social skills. B．A person’s natural intelligence. C．A person’s potential ability. D．A person’s major achievements. 3．What does the underlined word “psychosis” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Heart disease. B．Mental illness. C．Emotional confusion. D．Physical exhaustion. 4．What can we learn about geniuses from the last paragraph? A．Geniuses think alike. B．Geniuses find their own ways. C．Geniuses are born and made. D．Geniuses are found in adversity. （2025·贵州·模拟预测）Academician Yan Ning of the Chinese Academy of Sciences received the 2024 L’ Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science International Award for the Asia-Pacific region at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on Tuesday. Yan, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University and the founding president of the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, was recognized for her research in structural biology that has helped explain multiple disorders and guided the treatment of pain syndrome (综合症). As the eighth Chinese scientist to win the award, Yan discovered the atomic structure of multiple membrane (膜) proteins that mediate (介导) the traffic of ions (离子) and sugars across the cell membrane, revealing the principles that govern cross-membrane transport. “Our goal is to broaden the boundaries of human knowledge,” Yan said in an interview published by UNESCO. “Through cutting-edge technologies, my work has evolved from exploring the processes of physiology and cellular activities to precisely identifying potentially effective health therapies. Ultimately, I aim to use science to understand the universe, to study the origins of life and the foundations of consciousness.” UNESCO said that as a leading authority in her field, “Yan inspires female scientists globally and is a strong advocate for gender equality in research and science education”. “The path to becoming a female scientist may be challenging, but it is not enough to stop you from moving forward. So, be brave and be yourself,” Yan said in her acceptance speech. Since 2015, she has been organizing annual forums for female scientists. In the two research institutions she leads, over half of the management positions are held by women. “We must establish gender equality, establish more female role models, change the historical and cultural prejudices in academia and society toward women,” Yan said. “We need to prove that women also possess leadership qualities and deserve fair recognition.” 1．Why did Yan Ning win the award? A．She advocated for women in science. B．She led women’s forums since 2015. C．She advanced structural biology research. D．She managed institutes with female majority. 2．What does Yan Ning find out according to paragraph 2? A．Cell activities. B．Social norms. C．Health treatments. D．Membrane protein structure. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Science and the origin of life. B．Yan’s goal of expanding knowledge. C．Study of physiology and cells. D．Importance of health therapies. 4．What does Yan’s acceptance speech stress most? A．The bravery women scientists need. B．The role of female role models. C．Challenges in science women face. D．Gender equality in academia. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of Achievement 单元话题阅读理解练习 Unit 1 People of Achievement单元话题：著名人物 本资料共10篇专题训练，从上到下依次按照难度分为基础语篇巩固练和重难语篇提升练 基础语篇巩固练 （24-25高二上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段练习）Louis Pasteur was a world-famous French chemist and biologist. He is particularly famous for his work on rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. After experimenting with the saliva of animals suffering from the disease, Pasteur concluded that the disease rests in the central nervous system of the body. By studying the tissues of infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able to produce a form of the virus. This could be used for inoculation (接种). On July 6,1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies vaccine on a man for the first time. He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. In March 1886, Pasteur was invited to present his results to the Academy of Sciences and in 1888 went on to found the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pioneering clinic for the study of infectious diseases, the treatment of rabies and a centre for teaching. Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. Pasteur became a national hero and was honored in many ways. He died at Saint-Cloud on September28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. 1．A person can develop rabies . A．if he is bitten by a rabbit B．if he touches infected saliva C．if infected saliva enters his wounds D．if he touches an infected animal 2．What can we learn about Pasteur’s test of his vaccine on the man? A．The man was sent to a clinic ten days later. B．It didn’t save the man’s life. C．It proved to be a great success. D．The man was his second patient. 3．After Pasteur died, the Pasteur Institute . A．worked much better than before B．worked well until today C．continued to be in business for many years D．became the most important centre in the world 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Pasteur’s rabies vaccine is out of date. B．A new rabies vaccine has already been tested on patients. C．Injections of vaccine still take much time. D．Much improvement has been made on rabies vaccine. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述路易巴斯德发明狂犬病疫苗，拯救无数生命，其研究所至今仍是重要研究中心。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The rabies virus enters the body through the bite of an infected animal or through infected saliva entering an existing wound. (狂犬病毒通过被感染动物的咬伤或感染唾液进入现有伤口而侵入人体)”可知，如果感染的唾液进入一个人的伤口，他可能感染狂犬病。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“He saved the life of a young man called Joseph Meister who had been bitten by a rabid dog. Pasteur was urged to treat him with his new method. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recovered and remained healthy. Since then thousands have been saved by this treatment. (他拯救了一位名叫约瑟夫·梅斯特的年轻男子的生命，这名男子被一只患有狂犬病的狗咬伤。巴斯德被敦促使用他的新方法进行治疗。治疗持续了10天，最终他康复并保持健康。自那时起，成千上万的人通过这种治疗方法获救)”可知，巴斯德在人体上测试疫苗拯救了被患有狂犬病的狗咬伤的男子，并用此方法拯救了成千上万的人，由此可知，这是一个巨大的成功。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Pasteur directed the institute personally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still one of the most important centres in the world. (巴斯德亲自指导该研究所，直到他去世。巴斯德研究所至今仍是世界上最重要的研究中心之一)”可知，巴斯德去世后，巴斯德研究所至今仍然运作良好。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Modifications of the Pasteur method are still used in rabies treatment today. A newer vaccine which contains virus prepared from human cells grown in the laboratory is safer and requires a shorter course of injections. (如今，巴斯德的方法经过改良仍用于狂犬病治疗。一种更新的疫苗含有从实验室培养的人类细胞中制备的病毒，更安全且需要更短的注射疗程)”可知，改良之后的疫苗，更安全且所需的注射疗程更短，即狂犬病疫苗已经取得了很大改进。故选D。 （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）John von Neumann was the oldest of 3 children of a banker, and his speed of learning new ideas and solving problems stood out early. At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician (数学家) because he might live a poor life being a mathematician, and he and his father reached an agreement, and von Neumann went to study chemistry. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D．in mathematics (数学). From then on, mathematics provided well enough for him, and he never had to turn to chemistry. In 1930, von Neumann visited Princeton University for a year and then became a professor there. His first book was published in 1932. In 1930, the Institute for Advanced Study was formed, and in 1933 he became one of the 6 full-time professors in the School of Mathematics (Einstein was one of the others). World War II (1931-1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure (纯粹的) mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice. During the last part of the war he became interested in machines and made several fundamental computing contributions. After the war, von Neumann continued his work with computers, and was generally very active in government service. He received many awards, was president of the American Mathematical Society and was a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. He died of cancer in 1957. Von Neumann made several great contributions and any one of them would have been enough to earn him a firm place in history. He is remembered as one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Von Neumann really is a legend in his own time, and there are a number of stories about him. His driving ability is a part of his legend. He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” 1．What did von Neumann’s father believe according to Paragraph 1? A．A mathematician couldn’t earn much money. B．A mathematician needed a good memory. C．Von Neumann had the ability to learn two subjects at the same time. D．Von Neumann had the gift for solving problems at a high speed. 2．When did von Neumann publish his first book? A．At 23. B．At 26. C．At 29. D．At 32. 3．How did World War II affect John von Neumann? A．He realized the importance of engineering. B．He began to research how to put mathematics into practice. C．He left college and served at the government department. D．He lost interest in maths. 4．Which of the following can best describe John von Neumann according to the last paragraph? A．Calm. B．Brave. C．Smart. D．Humorous. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名科学家John von Neumann的生平经历、取得的重大成就以及一则有趣的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“At 17, his father tried to persuade him not to become a mathematician (数学家) because he might live a poor life being a mathematician (17岁时，他的父亲试图说服他不要成为一名数学家，因为他可能会过上贫穷的生活)”可知，John von Neumann的父亲认为数学家往往过的是贫穷的生活，挣不了很多钱。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ In 1922, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a Ph.D. in mathematics. (1922年，23岁的他获得了化学工程学位和数学博士学位)”和第二段中“His first book was published in 1932. (他的第一本书出版于1932年)”可知，John von Neumann在1922年时是23岁，他出版第一本书的时候是1932年，因此当时他29岁。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“World War II (1931-1945) hugely changed von Neumann’s areas of interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure (纯粹的) mathematician. After 1940, he became one of the best mathematicians who put mathematical theories into practice.(第二次世界大战（1931-1945）极大地改变了John von Neumann的兴趣领域。到1940年为止，他一直是一位伟大的纯数学家。1940年以后，他成为将数学理论付诸实践的最优秀的数学家之一)”可知，二战后，他开始研究如何将数学付诸实践。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He reported one accident this way: “I was driving down the road. The trees on the right were passing me in an orderly fashion at 60 miles per hour. Suddenly one of them stepped in my path.” (他这样报告了一起事故：“我在路上开车。右边的树以每小时60英里的速度有序地从我身边经过。突然，其中一个挡住了我的去路。”)”可知，John von Neumann在报告开车事故时，他以幽默的方式描述了一起事故，将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒，让人忍俊不禁。由此推知，他非常幽默。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）If it had been up to Peter Higgs, the world would have never noticed his death on April 8th-nor, for that matter, the 94 years of life before it. He valued the respect of his coworkers and treasured his occasional “bright ideas” about the way the universe worked. The fact that one of those ideas ended up boiled down into an object bearing his name was a source of some annoyance. Dr. Higgs’s best-known idea was crucial but it was understood by only a few people. There are two types of fundamental particles (粒子) fermions and bosons. The symmetrical (对称的) nature of the equations which describe bosons implies that they should be massless. By the 1950s, though, it seemed that some bosons did have mass; some fundamental symmetries were in practice “broken”. Resolving the maths of broken symmetries became the focus of particle physicists. Dr. Higgs’s contribution, made over a few weeks in the summer of 1964, was a mathematical description of a new boson that could give mass to bosons in need of it. In 1983, a daring upgrade to a particle accelerator (加速器) at CERN, the European physics lab near Geneva, produced direct evidence of three massive bosons-two Ws and a Z. Upset over this, some American physicists told the government which funded them that America was losing an important race. The proposed comeback was the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), a particle accelerator of extraordinary power. The Higgs boson was a key part of the proposal. The particle’s existence was predicted but, as had been the case with the Ws and Z, its discovery was impossible without a powerful enough machine. The SSC would be that machine. In 1993 America cancelled the SSC but CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) carried on. The LHC delivered the goods in 2012, and the Nobel Prize committee followed suit the next year. Dr. Higgs smiled sometimes and bore the attention. However, what scientists actually want from big science rarely boils down to a single thing; they want the means with which to explore widely. As Dr. Higgs always knew, what really matters is the process, not the prize. 1．What can we say about Dr. Higgs according to paragraph 1? A．He preferred a quiet life. B．His death was little known to others. C．He made many discoveries bearing his name. D．His understanding of the universe was confusing. 2．What breakthrough did Dr. Higgs achieve? A．He proved why fermions are massless. B．He differentiated two categories of particles. C．He explained how some bosons gained mass. D．He broke the fundamental symmetries. 3．Why was the SSC proposed? A．To track down the Higgs boson. B．To search for fermions and bosons. C．To prove the existence of two Ws and a Z. D．To help predict the possible adaptations of bosons. 4．What did Dr. Higgs think of winning the Nobel Prize? A．Difficult. B．Insignificant. C．Satisfying. D．Far-reaching. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍彼得・希格斯及其重要想法，提及相关粒子加速器及诺贝尔奖，强调他重过程而非奖项。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If it had been up to Peter Higgs, the world would have never noticed his death on April 8th-nor, for that matter, the 14 years of life before it. He valued the respect of his coworkers and treasured his occasional ‘bright ideas’ about the way the universe worked. The fact that one of those ideas ended up boiled down into an object bearing his name was a source of some annoyance.(如果由彼得・希格斯（Peter Higgs）决定的话，世界永远不会注意到他4月8日的离世 —— 同样，也不会注意到他此前14年的人生。他珍视同事们的尊重，珍视自己偶尔关于宇宙运行方式的‘妙想’。而其中一个想法最终浓缩成了一个以他名字命名的事物，这倒成了让他有些烦恼的事)”可知，希格斯不想被外界过多关注，更希望过安静的生活，所以他更喜欢安静的生活。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Higgs’s contribution, made over a few weeks in the summer of 1964, was a mathematical description of a new boson that could give mass to bosons in need of it.(希格斯博士在1964年夏天用了几周时间做出的贡献，是对一种新玻色子的数学描述，这种玻色子可以为那些需要质量的玻色子赋予质量)”可知，希格斯博士的突破在于解释了一些玻色子是如何获得质量的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Higgs boson was a key part of the proposal. The particle’s existence was predicted but, as had been the case with the Ws and Z, its discovery was impossible without a powerful enough machine. The SSC would be that machine.(希格斯玻色子是该提议的关键部分。这种粒子的存在已被预测到，但就像 W 粒子和 Z 粒子的情况一样，如果没有足够强大的机器，就不可能发现它。超导超级对撞机（SSC）就是那样的机器)”可知，提出超导超级对撞机（SSC）是为了追踪希格斯玻色子。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Dr. Higgs always knew, what really matters is the process, not the prize.(正如希格斯博士一直知道的那样，真正重要的是过程，而不是奖项)”可知，希格斯博士认为获得诺贝尔奖并不是重要的事，是微不足道的。故选B项。 （24-25高二上·广东中山·阶段练习）Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans. But she also devoted years. gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides. Her work, Silent Spring, became one of the most influential books of the 20th century. And it launched the modern environmental movement. Born in Pennsylvania, she became a marine (海洋的) scientist working for the US government, primarily as a writer and editor. Her first three books, Under the Sea-Wind, The Sea Around Us, and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea. They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers. But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject. Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice (虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe. She painstakingly gathered research to prove that chemical industry were overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn’t been tested. Carson published her research as a book, Silent Spring, in 1962. It caused an uproar. Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry. Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor. Finally, her work convinced the president to call for an investigation. Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring, including DDT, were banned. She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain. Yet she refused to stop working on the book. She died on April 14, 1964, at the age of 56. Her writings helped move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth. 1．Why did Carson turned to a new field after she got famous? A．She was doubtful about effectiveness of DDT. B．She was interested in the life-saving DDT at that time. C．She was surprised that DDT could kill lice and mosquitoes D．She was worried about the harm caused by overuse of DDT. 2．What does the underlined word “uproar” probably mean? A．Discussion. B．Criticism. C．Agreement. D．Interruption. 3．What finally changed the public view of chemical safety? A．Carson’s first three books. B．The investigation of the president. C．Carson’s silence about the attacks. D．The arguments Carson presented on TV. 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．An Inspiring Research on a Book. B．First Woman Marine Scientist. C．A Revolutionary Call for Action. D．A Pioneer in Environmental Protection. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述Rachel Carson的生平事迹，特别是她作为科学作家在环境保护领域所做出的贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice(虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe.(自20世纪40年代中期起，Carson就开始担忧杀虫剂滴滴涕的危害。起初，滴滴涕是现代化学进步的象征。它通过杀灭传播致命疾病的虱子和蚊子，拯救了无数生命。但Carson怀疑，在整个环境中大面积播撒毒药是否能完全安全。)”可知，Carson自20世纪40年代中期就开始担心杀虫剂 DDT 的危害，她怀疑在环境中大量播撒毒药是否完全安全。所以她在成名后转向新领域的原因是她担心过度使用 DDT 所造成的危害。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry.(Carson立刻遭到了化工行业的抨击)”可推测，《寂静的春天》这本书出版后引发的并不是积极友好的反应。由此可知，划线词uproar为“批评、抨击”之意，与后文提到卡森遭到化工行业攻击相呼应，说明这本书出版后引起了很大的争议、遭到了批评。选项B“Criticism”，意为“抨击”与此相符。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor.(数百万民众收看了一档分析这一问题的电视节目。Carson冷静且有理有据的论点使观众站到了她这一边。)”可知，Carson在电视节目中呈现的论点最终改变了公众对化学物质安全性的看法。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇介绍了Rachel Carson作为科学作家因写海洋相关书籍而知名，接着重点讲述了她将精力投入到对现代化学农药危害的研究中，出版了极具影响力的《寂静的春天》一书，尽管遭到化工行业攻击，但凭借有理有据的论证改变了公众看法，唤醒了公众对现代化学杀虫剂危害的认识。选项C“A Revolutionary Call for Action(一个革命性的行动号召)”与此相符。故选C。 （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·阶段练习）Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist. He was born in 1942. He died at his home on March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain. As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe. Since he was 21 years old, Hawking had been badly ill, but he didn’t give up his hope of living. He went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. Then he worked as a professor at Cambridge University. Hawking was known for his work with black holes. He also wrote several popular science books. Although he didn’t live as freely as others, he still felt he was happy and he was thankful to life. When Hawking was invited to China, he made speeches in some famous universities. From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. As he once said, “Life is not fair. You just have to do the best you can in your own situation.” 1．What is Hawking called according to paragraph 2? A．The Father of Clock. B．The Father of Rice. C．The King of Comedy. D．The King of the Universe. 2．When did Hawking get his doctor’s degree? A．In 1942. B．In 1965. C．In 1976. D．In 2018. 3．What was Hawking known for? A．Black holes. B．Empty holes. C．Steam engines. D．Light bulbs. 4．What does Stephen Hawking’s life tell us? A．A good beginning makes a good ending. B．Winners can deal with all the difficulties. C．No matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. D．An interest in science will give us a lot in the life. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了物理学家Stephen Hawking的个人经历以及成就。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe.(作为世界上关于空间和时间最著名的物理学家，Hawking将他的一生致力于发现宇宙的秘密，他被称为宇宙之王。)”可知，Hawking被称为宇宙之王，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree.(在1965年，他获得了博士学位。)”可知，Hawking在1965年获得了博士学位，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Hawking was known for his work with black holes.(Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名。)”可知，Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope.(从Stephen Hawking的一生我们可以知道，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望。)”可推知，霍金的一生告诉我们，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望，故选C。 （24-25高二上·陕西榆林·阶段练习）Recently, the topic “Chinese people can eat such a sweet melon but can’t do without this grandma” has topped the hot search list. The grandma is 94-year-old Wu Mingzhu, called the “queen of melons”, a melon-growing expert and academician. Among Wu Mingzhu’s classmates was Yuan Longping, who later became the “father of hybrid rice”. Wu Mingzhu was born in 1930 into a scholarly family in Wuhan city. After her graduation in 1953, she was assigned to work in Beijing. But Wu had already set her eyes on her long-awaited goal. “What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the fields not in an office,” said Wu. In 1955, Wu voluntarily went to work in Shanghai County, Turpan Basin, where working conditions were quite hard. She found that the Hami melon, a rare specialty fruit which was once common in the area, was in danger of becoming extinct if not properly cultivated (种植). Wu spent years visiting over 300 production teams, picking out 44 melon varieties. She overcame a variety of difficulties to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way, winning over the local farmers accustomed (习惯的) to folk cultivation methods. Then the promotion area covered most of Xinjiang's main commodity areas, and a group of melon-rich villages appeared. From more than 60 years, Wu Mingzhu and her team has cultivated more than 30 varieties, brought the sweetness of melons to people, and promoted the melon series with Chinese characteristics and a complete breeding innovation system to the world. When first hearing her nickname of “a pearl in the Turpan Basin”, Wu said, “In Xinjiang, there are thousands of science and technology workers like me. They have worked hard for decades on the frontline of agriculture. I’m just one of the ordinary ones.” 1．Why does the author mention Yuan Longping in the first paragraph? A．To tell us Wu's partner and social circle. B．To prove Wu's success resulting from Yuan's help. C．To make a comparison between Wu and Yuan. D．To let us get a further understanding of Wu. 2．Why did Wu dislike the job in Beijing? A．She wanted to go back to her hometown. B．She was attracted by Xinjiang's fruit. C．She preferred to research in the fields. D．She thought Beijing unsuitable for agriculture. 3．How did Wu persuade the locals to adopt her way of producing melons? A．By expanding the planting area. B．By developing high-quality melons scientifically. C．By sharing expert knowledge with them. D．By providing enough financial assistance. 4．Which of the following best describes Wu? A．Promising B．Confident C．Devoted D．Patient 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了“西瓜女王”吴明珠潜心研究甜瓜60几年，帮助我国实现吃瓜自由。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The grandma is 94-year-old Wu Mingzhu, called the “queen of melons”, a melon-growing expert and academician. Among Wu Mingzhu’s classmates was Yuan Longping, who later became the “father of hybrid rice”.(这位奶奶是94岁的吴明珠，她被称为‘中国西瓜女王’，是一位西瓜种植专家和院士。吴明珠的同学中有后来成为‘杂交水稻之父’的袁隆平。)”可知，本段是为了介绍吴明珠的信息，提到吴明珠的同学中有人们所熟知的‘杂交水稻之父’的袁隆平是为了让我们进一步了解吴明珠，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Wu had already set her eyes on her long-awaited goal. “What I studied was the science of fruit and vegetables. I wanted to work in the fields not in an office,” said Wu.(但是吴已经将她的目光投向她期待已久的目标。吴说:‘我研究的是水果和蔬菜的科学。我想在田间工作，而不是在办公室里。’)”可知，吴拒绝在北京的工作是因为她有着期待已久的目标，比起在办公室里工作，她更喜欢在田间工作，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“She overcame a variety of difficulties to produce particularly delicious melons in a scientific way, winning over the local farmers accustomed (习惯的) to folk cultivation methods. Then the promotion area covered most of Xinjiang's main commodity areas, and a group of melon-rich villages appeared.(她克服了各种挫折，以科学的方式生产出特别美味的西瓜，赢得了当地习惯民间种植方法的农民的支持。随后，推广区覆盖了新疆80%的主要商品区，出现了一批盛产瓜的村庄。)”可知，吴明珠通过以科学的方式产出优质瓜来说服新疆当地人放弃旧的种植方法。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“From more than 60 years, Wu Mingzhu and her team has cultivated more than 30 varieties, brought the sweetness of melons to people, and promoted the melon series with Chinese characteristics and a complete breeding innovation system to the world. (60多年来，吴明珠培育了30多个品种，把甜瓜的甘甜奉献给人民，把具有中国特色的甜瓜系列和完整的育种创新体系推向世界。)”可知，60多年来吴明珠致力于培育优质瓜种，故可推知她是一个全心全意奉献于自己的事业的人。故选C。 （23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientist who changed the world through their contributions and discoveries. Galileo (1564--1642) Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo completely changed our understanding of the world, successfully providing the Earth circles around the Sun and not the other way. His work Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the kinetics and mechanics of materials. Isaac Newton (1643--1727) Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion. Charles Darwin (1809--1882) Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a background of disbelief and scepticism. He collected evidences over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species. Marie Curie (1867--1934) Curie, a Polish physicist and chemist, discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-rays. She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physics. Albert Einstein (1879--1955) He revolutionized modern physics with his General Theory of Relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis if the Quantum Theory. 1．Who is the author of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica? A．Isaac Newton B．Marie Curie C．Charles Darwin D．Albert Einstein 2．What do Marie Curie and Albert Einstein have in common? A．They were the greatest chemists. B．They were the Nobel Prize winners. C．They had a deep study of physics and astronomy. D．They laid the foundation for the development of classical medicine. 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a novel. B．In a history book C．In an art magazine D．On a science website. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位对世界产生重大影响、做出杰出贡献的科学家，包括伽利略、牛顿、达尔文、居里夫人以及爱因斯坦，简述了他们各自的重要成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“Isaac Newton (1643--1727)”部分中“In his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion(在他 1687 年出版的《自然哲学的数学原理》中，他为经典力学奠定了基础，解释了万有引力定律和运动定律)”可知，《自然哲学的数学原理》的作者是艾萨克・牛顿，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据“Marie Curie (1867--1934)”部分中“She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the Nobel Prize in Physics.(她获得了诺贝尔化学奖和诺贝尔物理学奖)”以及“Albert Einstein (1879--1955)”部分中“He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis if the Quantum Theory.(他因发现光电效应而获得诺贝尔物理学奖，光电效应构成了量子理论的基础)”可知，居里夫人和爱因斯坦的共同之处是他们都是诺贝尔奖获得者，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientist who changed the world through their contributions and discoveries(以下是一些杰出的科学家，他们极大地增进了我们对周围一切的理解。点击了解更多关于这些通过他们的贡献和发现改变了世界的科学家)”以及“Galileo (1564--1642)(伽利略(1564--1642))”、“Isaac Newton (1643--173)(埃塞克·牛顿(1643--173))”、“Charles Darwin (1809--1882)(查理·达尔文(1809--1882))”等可知，文章主要介绍了几位著名科学家以及他们的科学贡献和发现，这类内容通常会出现在科学相关的网站上，方便人们了解科学知识、科学家事迹等。而小说主要侧重于讲述虚构的故事，历史书侧重于记载历史事件等发展脉络，艺术杂志侧重于艺术领域相关内容，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学网站上，故选D项。 （24-25高二上·广西·期中）Women scientists around the globe have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four female scientists who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chienshiung (1912 — 1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity (宇称理论) in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914 — 2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johns (1918 — 2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930 —) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 1．Who made the greatest contributions to NASA? A．Hedy Lamarr. B．Tu Youyou. C．Katherine Johns. D．Wu Chienshiung. 2．Why is Tu Youyou considered as a great person? A．Her research rescued millions of people. B．She is the first female Nobel Prize winner. C．Her research overturned the Manhattan Project. D．She discovered the malaria with a determined effort. 3．What do the four female scientists have in common? A．They all won the Nobel Prize. B．They all developed a theory of STEM. C．They all devoted themselves to the medical field. D．They all made an important influence on the world. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对世界有影响的四位女性科学家以及她们的主要成就。 1．细节理解题。根据Katherine Johns (1918 — 2020) 中“During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”.(在她在NASA的33年职业生涯中，凯瑟琳以掌握复杂的计算而闻名，被称为“人类计算机”。)”可知，凯瑟琳·约翰斯对NASA的贡献最大。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou (1930 —) 中“Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.(她的工作挽救了全世界数百万人的生命。)”可知，屠呦呦被认为是一个伟大的人是因为她的研究拯救了数百万人。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Women scientists around the globe have made significant contributions to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four female scientists who pushed boundaries and changed the world.( 世界各地的女科学家为STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）做出了重大贡献。以下是四位突破界限、改变世界的女科学家。)”可知，这四位女科学家的共同之处是她们都对世界产生了重要影响。故选D项。 重难语篇拔高练 （24-25高三下·江西赣州·期中）When hearing the word “genius”, many people automatically visualize a person with crazy and messy hair- someone like Albert Einstein, the famous scientist. They imagine the genius to be hurriedly writing calculations on a whiteboard, perhaps speaking to themselves as they work. This is a widespread idea of what a genius is like, but is it accurate? What makes a person a genius? Psychological studies define a genius as being a person with an above-average intelligence, and many researchers believe that an IQ (Intelligence Quotient) of above 140 indicates that a person has a high potential of genius. Research confirms that natural and inherited intellectual ability does play a role in determining genius, and statistics show that genius tendencies are frequently passed down from generation to generation. But is a person’s natural intelligence strongly linked to genius? Many people who score highly on intelligence tests are not successful in everyday life, and they often do not display any above-average abilities. The 19th century British scientist, Sir Francis Galton, believed that the term “genius” could only be applied to someone who had accomplished a significant achievement. What mattered to Galton was not a person’s potential ability, but how much a person could achieve with that ability. He considered characteristics such as passion and capacity to work hard as important to genius as intelligence. Some believe that genius may almost be a type of psychosis. It is a fact that some of the world’s most celebrated intellectual geniuses display very poor social and emotional skills, and these people mirror the conventional image of the “mad scientist” genius. Others believe one can be a genius in one or two areas but not in others. They believe many people can have elements of genius — such as being a confident speaker or an excellent sportsman. At present there is nothing agreed upon definition of genius. However, it does appear that both genetic and environmental factors contribute toward creating a genius. 1．Why is Einstein mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To highlight his scientific breakthroughs. B．To list different definitions of intelligence. C．To illustrate the common image of genius. D．To explain the role of creativity in science. 2．What did Galton believe was important for defining a genius? A．A person’s social skills. B．A person’s natural intelligence. C．A person’s potential ability. D．A person’s major achievements. 3．What does the underlined word “psychosis” probably mean in paragraph 4? A．Heart disease. B．Mental illness. C．Emotional confusion. D．Physical exhaustion. 4．What can we learn about geniuses from the last paragraph? A．Geniuses think alike. B．Geniuses find their own ways. C．Geniuses are born and made. D．Geniuses are found in adversity. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“天才”的一般形象以及不同的人对于“天才”如何定义的看法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“When hearing the word “genius”, many people automatically visualize a person with crazy and messy hair- someone like Albert Einstein, the famous scientist. They imagine the genius to be hurriedly writing calculations on a whiteboard, perhaps speaking to themselves as they work. This is a widespread idea of what a genius is like, but is it accurate? What makes a person a genius?(当听到“天才”这个词时，许多人会不由自主地联想到一个头发凌乱的人——比如著名科学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。他们想象这位天才正在匆忙地在白板上写下计算结果，也许一边工作一边自言自语。这是一种关于天才的普遍看法，但它准确吗？是什么使一个人成为天才？)”可知，第一段提到了爱因斯坦是为了说明天才的一般形象。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The 19th century British scientist, Sir Francis Galton, believed that the term “genius” could only be applied to someone who had accomplished a significant achievement. What mattered to Galton was not a person’s potential ability, but how much a person could achieve with that ability.(19世纪的英国科学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士认为，“天才”一词只能用于取得重大成就的人。对高尔顿来说，重要的不是一个人的潜在能力，而是一个人凭借这种能力能取得多大成就)”可知，高尔顿认为定义天才最重要的是一个人的主要成就。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It is a fact that some of the world’s most celebrated intellectual geniuses display very poor social and emotional skills, and these people mirror the conventional image of the “mad scientist” genius.(事实上，一些世界上最著名的智力天才表现出非常糟糕的社交和情感技能，这些人反映了“疯狂科学家”天才的传统形象)”可知，一些著名的智力天才表现出非常差的社交和情感技能，体现了“疯狂科学家”天才的传统形象，即指这些人是疯子，或有精神疾病。故划线词意思是“精神疾病”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“At present there is nothing agreed upon definition of genius. However, it does appear that both genetic and environmental factors contribute toward creating a genius.(目前对于天才的定义还没有达成一致意见。然而，似乎遗传和环境因素都有助于天才的形成)”可知，天才是天生的（遗传因素）也是后天培养的（环境因素）。故选C。 （2025·贵州·模拟预测）Academician Yan Ning of the Chinese Academy of Sciences received the 2024 L’ Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science International Award for the Asia-Pacific region at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on Tuesday. Yan, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University and the founding president of the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, was recognized for her research in structural biology that has helped explain multiple disorders and guided the treatment of pain syndrome (综合症). As the eighth Chinese scientist to win the award, Yan discovered the atomic structure of multiple membrane (膜) proteins that mediate (介导) the traffic of ions (离子) and sugars across the cell membrane, revealing the principles that govern cross-membrane transport. “Our goal is to broaden the boundaries of human knowledge,” Yan said in an interview published by UNESCO. “Through cutting-edge technologies, my work has evolved from exploring the processes of physiology and cellular activities to precisely identifying potentially effective health therapies. Ultimately, I aim to use science to understand the universe, to study the origins of life and the foundations of consciousness.” UNESCO said that as a leading authority in her field, “Yan inspires female scientists globally and is a strong advocate for gender equality in research and science education”. “The path to becoming a female scientist may be challenging, but it is not enough to stop you from moving forward. So, be brave and be yourself,” Yan said in her acceptance speech. Since 2015, she has been organizing annual forums for female scientists. In the two research institutions she leads, over half of the management positions are held by women. “We must establish gender equality, establish more female role models, change the historical and cultural prejudices in academia and society toward women,” Yan said. “We need to prove that women also possess leadership qualities and deserve fair recognition.” 1．Why did Yan Ning win the award? A．She advocated for women in science. B．She led women’s forums since 2015. C．She advanced structural biology research. D．She managed institutes with female majority. 2．What does Yan Ning find out according to paragraph 2? A．Cell activities. B．Social norms. C．Health treatments. D．Membrane protein structure. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Science and the origin of life. B．Yan’s goal of expanding knowledge. C．Study of physiology and cells. D．Importance of health therapies. 4．What does Yan’s acceptance speech stress most? A．The bravery women scientists need. B．The role of female role models. C．Challenges in science women face. D．Gender equality in academia. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要关于颜宁获得欧莱雅—联合国教科文组织 “世界杰出女科学家奖” 亚太地区奖项，介绍了该奖项相关情况、颜宁获奖原因以及她在相关领域所秉持的理念与所做贡献等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Yan, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University and the founding president of the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, was recognized for her research in structural biology that has helped explain multiple disorders and guided the treatment of pain syndrome (综合症).(颜教授是清华大学生命科学学院的教授，也是深圳市医学研究与翻译研究院的创始院长，她在结构生物学方面的研究帮助解释了多种疾病，并指导了疼痛综合征的治疗)”可知，颜宁获奖是因为她推进了结构生物学研究。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the eighth Chinese scientist to win the award, Yan discovered the atomic structure of multiple membrane (膜) proteins that mediate (介导) the traffic of ions (离子) and sugars across the cell membrane, revealing the principles that govern cross-membrane transport.(作为第八位获得该奖项的中国科学家，颜发现了多种膜蛋白的原子结构，这些膜蛋白介导离子和糖在细胞膜上的运输，揭示了控制跨膜运输的原理)”可知，颜宁发现了膜蛋白结构。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段““Our goal is to broaden the boundaries of human knowledge,” Yan said in an interview published by UNESCO. “Through cutting-edge technologies, my work has evolved from exploring the processes of physiology and cellular activities to precisely identifying potentially effective health therapies. Ultimately, I aim to use science to understand the universe, to study the origins of life and the foundations of consciousness.”(“我们的目标是拓宽人类知识的边界，”颜宁在联合国教科文组织发表的一次采访中说。“通过尖端技术，我的工作已经从探索生理和细胞活动的过程发展到精确识别潜在有效的健康疗法。最终，我的目标是用科学来理解宇宙，研究生命的起源和意识的基础。”)”可知，第三段主要讲了颜宁拓展知识的目标。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““The path to becoming a female scientist may be challenging, but it is not enough to stop you from moving forward. So, be brave and be yourself,” Yan said in her acceptance speech.(“成为一名女科学家的道路可能充满挑战，但这不足以阻止你前进。所以，要勇敢，做你自己。”)”可知，颜的获奖感言最强调的是女科学家所需要的勇气。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$