专题3 说明文阅读三大要点归纳（讲义）-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中题型技巧清单的第3个专题，内容为说明文阅读。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语题型技巧清单 专题3 说明文阅读（讲+练）【考点解读】 近三年真题显示，2023年和2022年分别都有一篇说明文阅读。所以说明文阅读也是复习阅读理解的重点。复习时要细致具体，关注基础，也要关注细节，注意拔高部分。本专题旨在帮助学生梳理说明文阅读，掌握技巧，在考试中取得更好的成绩。 【知识点清单一】认识英语说明文​ 一、英语说明文特点与结构​ 1.1 说明文定义与特点​ 英语说明文阅读旨在清晰传达信息，掌握技巧能提升理解效率，本篇带您深入浅出地学习阅读技巧。 一、说明文的定义与类型​ 要点 说明 定义 英语说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来介绍事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理的一种文体。 类型 事物说明文 介绍具体事物的特征、构造、用途等，如介绍手机、电脑等电子产品，或动植物的特点。 事理说明文 解释抽象的原理、规律、现象等，例如气候变化的原因、网络购物的流程等。​ 特点 客观性 作者通常保持中立，不掺杂个人情感，以事实和数据为依据进行说明。​ 条理性 常用时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（因果、对比、分类等）展开内容，结构清晰。​ 语言准确性 使用准确、专业的词汇，避免模糊表述。 常见结构​ 总分式 先总述主题，再分别从不同方面进行说明。如文章开头点明 “环保的重要性”，后续从大气保护、水资源保护、土壤保护等方面展开。​ 递进式 按照事物的发展过程、逻辑关系逐步深入说明。比如在讲解 “植物的生长过程” 时，从种子萌发到幼苗成长，再到开花结果依次叙述。 并列式 各段落围绕主题从不同角度进行说明，段落间呈平行关系。像介绍 “不同国家的饮食文化”，分别阐述中国、日本、意大利等国家的饮食特色。 【例题】 （一）阅读短文，判断其篇章结构。​ In modern society, smartphones play an important role in our daily lives. Firstly, they make communication much easier. We can make calls, send messages, and use social media apps to keep in touch with friends and family. Secondly, smartphones provide us with a vast amount of information. We can search for news, learn knowledge, and read e-books on them. Thirdly, they are also great entertainment tools. We can listen to music, watch videos, and play games whenever we want.​ A. 总分式 B. 递进式 C. 并列式 D. 以上都不是​ 答案：C​ 解析：文章围绕智能手机在生活中的作用，从沟通、获取信息、娱乐三个平行角度进行说明，属于并列式结构。​ （二）阅读短文，回答问题 The Smartwatch is a new type of wearable device. It not only tells time but also has many other functions. It can be connected to your smartphone via Bluetooth, allowing you to receive calls, messages, and notifications directly on your wrist. You can also use it to track your fitness activities, such as steps taken, calories burned, and heart rate.​ 1.What type of 说明文 is this passage?​ A. Narrative B. Argumentative C. Expository (事物说明文)​ 答案：C 解析：文章围绕智能手表这种具体事物展开，介绍了它的功能，属于事物说明文，所以选 C。Narrative 意为 “叙事性的”，通常用于讲述故事；Argumentative 意为 “议论性的”，侧重于阐述观点并论证，均不符合本文体裁 。 2.What is the main topic of this passage?​ A. The history of watches B. The functions of the smartwatch C. How to connect a smartwatch to a smartphone​ 答案：B 解析：文中重点阐述了智能手表不仅能看时间，还能连接手机接收信息、追踪健身活动等功能，而不是手表的历史（A 选项），也不是如何将智能手表连接到智能手机（C 选项只是其中一个功能的部分内容），所以主要话题是智能手表的功能，选 B。 【即时训练】 ​ 阅读短文，回答问题。 The process of making bread involves several steps. First, mix flour, yeast, sugar, salt, and water in a large bowl. Then, knead the dough on a floured surface for about 10 minutes until it becomes smooth and elastic. After that, place the dough in a greased bowl, cover it with a damp cloth, and let it rise in a warm place for about an hour. Finally, shape the risen dough into loaves, place them in baking pans, and bake in a preheated oven at 200°C for 30 - 35 minutes.​ 1.Which of the following best shows the objectivity of this passage?​ A.The use of specific steps and measurements B. The author's opinion on the taste of bread C. Emotional words to describe the process​ 答案：A 解析：文章通过 “First...Then...After that...Finally” 等具体步骤（mix 面粉、knead 面团等）和精确数据（如 “200°C”“30-35 minutes”）客观说明面包制作过程，体现了说明文的客观性。 B 选项 “作者对面包味道的观点” 和 C 选项 “描述过程的情感词汇” 均未在文中出现，说明文应避免主观观点和情感表达，因此排除。 2.What kind of order is used in this passage?​ A. Time order B. Space order C. Comparison order​ 答案：A 解析：文中使用 “First（首先）、Then（然后）、After that（之后）、Finally（最后）” 等时间标志词，按制作面包的先后顺序展开，属于时间顺序（Time order）。 空间顺序（Space order）侧重方位或空间位置描述（如从左到右），比较顺序（Comparison order）侧重事物对比，均与本文不符，排除 B、C。 【知识点清单二】常见题型与解题技巧​ 一、细节理解题​ 细节理解题是考查对文章具体信息的捕捉能力。 常见提问方式 “According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?”“What can we know from the passage? ” 等。 题目特点 考查对文章具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。 解题技巧 根据题干中的关键词，在文中定位相关信息，然后对比选项与原文内容，选择与原文一致的答案，注意同义替换、时态、数量等细节。​ 【例题】​ （一）题干：When was the new product launched?​ 文中信息：The new product was launched in April 2023.​ 选项：A. In March 2023 B. In April 2023 C. In May 2023​ 答案：B​ （二）根据短文内容，选择正确答案。​ The new library in our school has a large collection of books. There are more than 50,000 books in it. Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time and keep them for 30 days.​ According to the passage, students can keep the borrowed books for ______.​ A. 15 days B. 20 days C. 25 days D. 30 days​ 答案：D​ 解析：文中明确提到 “Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time and keep them for 30 days”，与 D 选项一致。​ 【即时训练】 （一）The school sports meeting will be held on May 20th. Students from all grades can participate in various events, such as running, long jump, and high jump. The registration deadline is May 15th.​ 1.When will the school sports meeting be held?​ A. On May 15th B. On May 20th C. On May 25th​ 答案：B​ 解析：文中提到 “The school sports meeting will be held on May 20th”，所以选 B。​ 2.What is the registration deadline?​ A. May 10th B. May 15th C. May 20th​ 答案：B​ 解析：文中明确说 “The registration deadline is May 15th”，所以选 B。​ （二）阅读短文，回答问题。​ The exhibition of modern art will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day next week. Tickets cost 20 yuan for adults and 10 yuan for students.​ When will the modern art exhibition close every day?​ A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 5:00 p.m. D. At 6:00 p.m.​ 答案：C​ 解析：文中指出 “The exhibition of modern art will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day”，所以闭馆时间是下午 5 点，选 C。​ （三）阅读短文，回答问题。​ The recycling of paper is a beneficial process for the environment. First, used paper is collected from homes and offices. Next, it is transported to a recycling plant where it is sorted and cleaned to remove ink and impurities. Then, the cleaned paper is shredded into small pieces and mixed with water to form a pulp. After that, the pulp is strained to remove excess water and pressed into new paper sheets. Finally, the new paper is dried and rolled into large reels, ready to be made into new products. 1.Which feature of expository writing is highlighted in this passage? A. Personal experiences of recycling paper B. Clear step-by-step instructions with sequence words C. Persuasive language to encourage recycling 答案：B 解析：文章通过 “First...Next...Then...After that...Finally” 等序列词清晰呈现纸张回收的步骤，符合说明文 “条理清晰” 的特点。A 选项 “个人回收经历” 属于主观内容，C 选项 “说服性语言” 侧重呼吁行动，均非本文重点，排除。 2.What organizational structure does the author use? A. Cause and effect order B. Time order C. Problem and solution order 答案：B 解析：文中按 “收集→运输→分类清洗→粉碎成浆→过滤压制→干燥成纸” 的时间先后顺序展开，属于时间顺序（Time order），与例题中的逻辑一致。 因果顺序（Cause and effect）侧重原因与结果，问题解决顺序（Problem and solution）侧重问题与对策，均与本文不符，排除 A、C。 二、词义猜测题​ 词义猜测题考查根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。 常见提问方式 “The underlined word ‘______’ probably means . ”“What does the word ‘’ in Paragraph X refer to? ” 等。 题目特点 要求猜测文中某个单词、短语或句子的含义。 解题技巧 通过上下文语境、同义词、反义词、构词法、举例说明等方式来推测词义。​ 【例题】​ （一）猜测划线单词含义。​ The doctor gave the patient some medicine to alleviate the pain. The patient felt much better after taking it.​ The underlined word “alleviate” probably means ______.​ A. increase B. reduce C. cause D. hide​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据后文 “The patient felt much better after taking it” 可知，药物让病人感觉好多了，所以 “alleviate” 意思是 “减轻”，与 B 选项 “reduce” 同义。​ 【即时训练】 猜测划线单词含义。​ （1） The small town is famous for its abundant resources. There are rich mines, forests full of various trees, and large areas of fertile land for farming.​ What does the underlined word “abundant” probably mean?​ A. Limited B. Plentiful C. Poor​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据后文 “There are rich mines, forests full of various trees, and large areas of fertile land for farming” 可知小镇资源丰富，“abundant” 意思是 “丰富的，大量的”，与 “plentiful” 意思相近，选 B。​ （二）The old man is very frugal. He never wastes money on unnecessary things and always saves some money for future use.​ The underlined word “frugal” probably means ______.​ A. generous B. rich C. careful with money D. careless with money​ 答案：C​ 解析：从 “He never wastes money on unnecessary things and always saves some money for future use” 可知老人从不浪费钱且会存钱，所以 “frugal” 是 “节俭的，精打细算的”，选 C。​ 三、主旨大意题​ 主旨大意题考查对文章整体内容和中心思想的把握。 常见提问方式 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“The passage is mainly about ______. ” 等。 题目特点 考查对文章主旨或段落大意的概括能力。​ 解题技巧 关注文章首尾段、每段的主题句，总结概括文章主要内容，避免选择过于片面或偏离主题的选项。​ ​ 【例题】选择文章的主旨大意。​ Nowadays, more and more people are interested in traveling. Traveling can broaden our horizons and make us know more about different cultures. We can visit famous scenic spots, try local delicious food, and make new friends during the journey. In a word, traveling is a wonderful experience.​ 1.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. The ways of traveling. B. The advantages of traveling.​ C. The places of traveling. D. The cost of traveling.​ 答案：B​ 解析：文章主要讲述旅行能拓宽视野、了解文化、参观景点、品尝美食、结交朋友等好处，主旨是旅行的优点，选 B。​ 【即时训练 】选择文章的主旨大意。 （一） Cities around the world are taking different measures to deal with air pollution. Some cities have restricted the number of cars on the road, while others are promoting the use of clean energy. In addition, many cities are increasing the green areas to improve the air quality.​ 1.What is the main idea of this passage?​ A. The causes of air pollution B. The measures cities take to deal with air pollution C. The importance of clean energy​ 答案：B​ 解析：文章主要讲世界各地城市应对空气污染采取的不同措施，选 B；文中未提及空气污染原因和清洁能源的重要性，A、C 错误。 （二）​ The Internet has changed our lives in many ways. We can use it to study, work, shop, and communicate with others. It provides us with a lot of convenience and opportunities. However, it also brings some problems, such as Internet addiction and information security.​ 1.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. The importance of the Internet. B. The advantages of the Internet.​ C. The problems of the Internet. D. The influence of the Internet on our lives.​ 答案：D​ 解析：文章既提到互联网带来的便利和机会，也指出其存在的问题，整体讲的是互联网对我们生活的影响，选 D。​ 四、推理判断题​ 推理判断题是基于原文信息合理推导，不选原文未提及的主观结论。 常见提问方式 What can we infer from the passage?​等 题目特点 要求根据文章内容进行合理的推理和判断，答案不直接在文中体现。​ 解题技巧 依据文章提供的信息，进行逻辑推理，注意推理要基于原文，不能过度推断。​ 【例题】​ 文中信息：The sales of electric cars have been increasing rapidly in recent years.​ 推理：A. Electric cars will replace traditional cars completely in the future. （过度推断） B. More and more people are showing interest in electric cars. （合理推断）​ 答案：B​ 【即时训练】 The number of people visiting the local library has been steadily increasing in the past few months. The library has also added more new books and extended its opening hours.​ What can we infer from the passage?​ A.The library will close down soon. B. People's demand for reading materials is growing. C. The library staff will be reduced.​ 答案：B​ 解析：图书馆访问人数增加，且增加新书和延长开放时间，可推断人们对阅读材料的需求在增长，选 B；A 选项与原文相悖，C 选项文中未提及。​ 【知识点清单三】阅读方法与策略​ 策略 方法 例题 略读 （Skimming） 快速浏览文章，了解文章大意、结构和主题的方法。阅读时重点关注标题、副标题、首尾段、每段的首句和尾句。适用于解答主旨大意题和了解文章整体框架。​ 标题：The Benefits of Reading Books​ 首段：Reading books is not only a source of entertainment but also offers numerous benefits to our mental, emotional, and intellectual development.​ 通过浏览可知，本文主要围绕读书的好处展开。​ 扫读 （Scanning）​ 为了寻找特定信息而快速浏览文章的方法。先确定题干中的人名、地名、时间、数据、重要观点等关键词，然后在文中迅速定位相关信息。常用于解答细节理解题。​ 题目问 “文章中提到的新型能源是什么”，带着 “new energy sources” 这个关键词在文中扫读，找到相关句子，获取答案。​ 精读（Intensive Reading） 对文章进行仔细研读，理解句子含义、分析语法结构、推测生词含义等。在遇到词义猜测题、推理判断题等较难题目时，需要精读相关段落。​遇到长难句时，可通过分析句子结构（如找出主谓宾等主干成分）、拆分从句、识别固定搭配等方法来理解句子含义。​ 句子：The new technology, which was developed by a team of scientists from three universities, can greatly improve the efficiency of energy production.​ 分析：“The new technology” 是主语，“can greatly improve” 是谓语，“the efficiency of energy production” 是宾语，“which was developed by a team of scientists from three universities” 是定语从句，修饰 “technology” 。 【例题】 阅读以下短文，运用略读方法选择文章大意。​ Camping is a popular outdoor activity. It allows people to get close to nature and enjoy fresh air. When camping, we need to prepare a tent, sleeping bags, food, and water. We can also do many interesting things like hiking, fishing, and having a campfire.​ A. The history of camping. B. How to prepare for camping.​ C. The reasons why camping is popular. D. Camping - a popular outdoor activity and related information.​ 答案：D​ 解析：通过略读可知，文章介绍了露营是受欢迎的户外活动，还提及露营所需准备物品和可进行的活动，整体围绕露营展开，选 D。 【即时训练】 （一） In 2022, a research team from Harvard University found that people who drink at least two cups of green tea a day have a 15% lower risk of heart disease. The study lasted for 5 years and involved 10,000 participants from different age groups.​ 1.Which of the following is a key piece of information in this passage?​ A. The name of the university B. The color of the tea C. The taste of green tea​ 答案：A​ 解析：文章中关键信息是进行研究的大学名称（哈佛大学）、研究时间（5 年）、研究结果（每天喝至少两杯绿茶的人患心脏病风险降低 15%）等，“大学名称” 属于关键信息，选 A；茶的颜色和味道文中未提及，B、C 错误。​ 2.How long did the study last?​ A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 5 years​ 答案：C​ 解析：文中明确提到 “The study lasted for 5 years”，所以选 C。 （二） The book, which was written by a famous author and became a best-seller last year, tells the story of a young girl's journey to find her true self.​ 1.What is the subject of this sentence?​ A. The book B. The famous author C. The young girl​ 答案：A​ 解析：句子的主语是 “The book”，选 A。​ 2.What is the function of “which was written by a famous author and became a best - seller last year” in this sentence?​ A. The predicate B. An attributive clause C. The object​ 答案：B​ 解析：“which was written by a famous author and became a best - seller last year” 修饰 “The book”，是定语从句，选 B。 （三） The Internet has become an important part of our daily lives. It offers us a wide range of services. We can use it to search for information, shop online, communicate with others, and even study. For example, students can take online courses to learn new knowledge. Besides, the Internet makes it possible for us to connect with people from all over the world. We can make friends on social media platforms and share our experiences. However, the Internet also has some disadvantages. Some people may spend too much time online, which can affect their study and work. Moreover, there is a risk of personal information leakage when using the Internet.​ 1.What can't we do on the Internet according to the passage?​ A. Search for information B. Watch live sports games C. Communicate with others​ 答案：B​ 解析：文中提到 “We can use it to search for information, shop online, communicate with others, and even study”，未提及在网上看现场体育比赛，所以选 B。​ 2.What does the underlined word “leakage” mean?​ A. 保护 B. 泄露 C. 收集​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据 “there is a risk of personal information leakage when using the Internet”，结合语境可知使用互联网存在个人信息 “泄露” 的风险，所以选 B。 3.What is the main idea of this passage?​ A. The advantages of the Internet. B. The disadvantages of the Internet. C. The advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.​ 答案：C​ 解析：文章既介绍了互联网的优点，如提供多种服务等，也提到了缺点，如影响学习工作、存在信息泄露风险等，所以主旨是互联网的优缺点，选 C。​ （四） Camping is a popular outdoor activity. It allows people to get close to nature and enjoy fresh air. When camping, you need to prepare some essential items. First, a good tent is necessary to protect you from the sun, rain, and insects. Second, you should bring enough food and water. It's better to choose food that is easy to carry and store. Third, don't forget to take some warm clothes, especially if you are camping in the mountains or at night. In addition, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, and a multi-functional tool can also be very useful during camping.​ 1.Why is camping popular?​ A. Because it is very cheap. B. Because it helps people get close to nature. C. Because it doesn't need much preparation.​ 答案：B​ 解析：文中明确提到 “Camping is a popular outdoor activity. It allows people to get close to nature and enjoy fresh air”，所以露营受欢迎是因为能让人亲近自然，选 B。​ 2.What does the underlined word “essential” mean?​ A. 昂贵的 B. 时尚的 C. 必要的​ 答案：C​ 解析：后文列举了露营需要准备的帐篷、食物、衣服等物品，可推测 “essential” 意思是 “必要的”，选 C 3.What can we infer from the passage?​ A. Camping in the city is more interesting. B. We don't need to bring food when camping. C. Different places may require different camping preparations.​ 答案：C​ 解析：从 “don't forget to take some warm clothes, especially if you are camping in the mountains or at night” 可知不同的地方露营准备可能不同，A 选项文中未提及城市露营更有趣，B 选项与原文 “you should bring enough food and water” 不符，所以选 C。 【即时训练】说明文阅读练习5篇 一、Tea Culture in China​ Tea has a long history in China. It is not only a popular drink but also an important part of Chinese culture.​ The history of tea in China dates back to thousands of years ago. It is said that Shennong, an ancient Chinese emperor, discovered tea by accident. One day, when he was boiling water under a tea tree, some tea leaves fell into the water. The water turned out to be very delicious. Since then, people started to drink tea.​ There are many kinds of tea in China, such as green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and pu-erh tea. Different kinds of tea have different tastes and benefits. Green tea is known for its fresh flavor and is rich in vitamins. Black tea has a stronger taste and is often enjoyed with milk and sugar. Oolong tea is famous for its unique fragrance. Pu-erh tea, especially the aged one, has a special smooth taste.​ Making tea is an art in China. The process includes warming the teapot, putting tea leaves into the pot, pouring hot water over the tea leaves, and then waiting for a proper time to pour the tea into cups. The temperature of the water and the steeping time are very important. For green tea, the water temperature should be around 80℃, while for black tea, it can be close to 100℃.​ Tea is not just a drink in China. It is also a symbol of friendship. When guests come, people usually make tea to show their welcome. Drinking tea together is a way to communicate and build good relationships.​ 答案与解析：​本文主要介绍了中国的茶文化，包括茶的发现历史、种类、冲泡方法以及其在社交中的重要意义，展现了茶在中国文化中占据的重要地位。​ 1.Who discovered tea according to the passage?​ A. Shennong.​ B. An ancient Chinese farmer.​ C. A tea merchant.​ D. A Buddhist monk.​ 答案：A​ 解析：文章第二段提到 “It is said that Shennong, an ancient Chinese emperor, discovered tea by accident.”，明确指出是神农发现了茶，所以选 A。​ 2.Which of the following is NOT a kind of Chinese tea?​ A. Green tea.​ B. Red tea.​ C. Oolong tea.​ D. Pu-erh tea.​ 答案：B​ 解析：文章第三段介绍了中国的茶种类，有 “green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and pu-erh tea”，并没有提到 “Red tea”，所以选 B。​ 3.Why is making tea considered an art in China?​ A. Because it needs expensive tea sets.​ B. Because it requires specific steps and skills.​ C. Because only artists can make good tea.​ D. Because it has a long history.​ 答案：B​ 解析：文章第四段描述了泡茶的过程，“warming the teapot, putting tea leaves into the pot, pouring hot water over the tea leaves, and then waiting for a proper time to pour the tea into cups. The temperature of the water and the steeping time are very important.”，说明泡茶需要特定的步骤和技巧，所以被视为一种艺术，选 B。​ 4.What temperature of water is suitable for making green tea?​ A. Around 60℃.​ B. Around 80℃.​ C. Around 90℃.​ D. Close to 100℃.​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据第四段 “For green tea, the water temperature should be around 80℃”，可知泡绿茶适宜的水温是 80℃左右，选 B。 5.What does tea symbolize in Chinese culture?​ A. Wealth.​ B. Power.​ C. Friendship.​ D. Wisdom.​ 答案：C​ 解析：从文章最后一段 “Tea is not just a drink in China. It is also a symbol of friendship.” 可知，茶在中国文化中象征着友谊，选 C。 二、《The Wonders of the Ocean》 The ocean is a vast and amazing place that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. It is full of life, from the tiniest plankton to the largest whales. One of the most interesting things about the ocean is the great variety of marine life. There are colorful fish swimming in coral reefs. These reefs are like underwater cities, providing homes for thousands of different species. Dolphins are also well - known marine animals. They are very smart and friendly. They often swim and play together in groups, showing amazing teamwork. The ocean also plays a crucial role in our climate. It absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide, which helps to slow down global warming. In addition, ocean currents move heat around the planet, affecting weather patterns all over the world. However, the ocean is facing many problems. Pollution from plastic waste is a huge issue. Every year, a large number of plastic items end up in the ocean, harming marine animals. Overfishing is another problem. Many fish species are being caught at a rate faster than they can reproduce, which may lead to the collapse of some fish populations. We should all take action to protect the ocean. This can include reducing plastic use, supporting sustainable fishing, and joining beach clean - up activities. By doing so, we can help to keep the ocean beautiful and healthy for future generations. 文章主旨 本文主要介绍了海洋的奇妙之处，包括丰富多样的海洋生物和对气候的重要作用，同时指出海洋面临的污染和过度捕捞等问题，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋。 1. What percentage of the Earth's surface does the ocean cover? A. Less than 50%. B. About 60%. C. More than 70%. D. Nearly 80%.  答案：C 解析：文章第一句明确提到“The ocean is a vast and amazing place that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface”，所以海洋覆盖地球表面超过70%，答案选C。 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of dolphins? A. They are very shy. B. They are not social animals. C. They are smart and friendly. D. They live alone most of the time.  答案：C 解析：根据文中“Dolphins are also well - known marine animals. They are very smart and friendly”可知，海豚聪明且友好，C选项正确。A选项中说海豚害羞，与原文不符；B选项海豚是群居动物，不是不善于社交；D选项海豚经常成群活动，并非独自生活；所以A、B、D错误。 3. What important role does the ocean play in our climate? A. It causes global warming. B. It releases a lot of carbon dioxide. C. It makes the weather more extreme. D. It absorbs carbon dioxide and moves heat around the planet.  答案：D 解析：从文中“The ocean also plays a crucial role in our climate. It absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide...ocean currents move heat around the planet”可知，海洋吸收二氧化碳并通过洋流传递热量，影响气候，D选项正确。A选项海洋吸收二氧化碳有助于减缓全球变暖，不是导致全球变暖；B选项是吸收二氧化碳不是释放；C选项海洋影响天气模式，但不是使天气更极端；所以A、B、C错误。 4. What are the main problems the ocean is facing? A. Lack of sunlight and cold water. B. Earthquakes and tsunamis. C. Pollution from plastic waste and overfishing. D. High temperature and strong winds.  答案：C 解析：文中提到“However, the ocean is facing many problems. Pollution from plastic waste is a huge issue...Overfishing is another problem”，说明海洋面临塑料污染和过度捕捞问题，C选项正确。A选项缺乏阳光和冷水不是主要问题；B选项地震和海啸不是海洋面临的主要问题；D选项高温和强风也不是海洋面临的主要问题；所以A、B、D、错误。 5. What can we do to protect the ocean according to the passage? A. Throw more plastic into the ocean. B. Go fishing as much as we can. C. Support unsustainable fishing. D. Reduce plastic use and join beach clean - up activities.  答案：D 解析：根据最后一段“We should all take action to protect the ocean. This can include reducing plastic use, supporting sustainable fishing, and joining beach clean - up activities”可知，减少塑料使用和参加海滩清洁活动是保护海洋的措施，D选项正确。A选项向海洋扔更多塑料会加剧污染；B选项过度捕鱼会破坏海洋生态；C选项应支持可持续捕鱼，不是不可持续的；所以A、B、C、错误。 三、《The Magic of Plants》 Plants are all around us. They are not only beautiful but also very important for our lives. Plants come in different shapes, sizes and colors. Some are tall trees like the oak, which can grow up to 30 meters high. Others are small flowers like the violet, with their lovely purple petals. Different plants live in different places. Cacti, for example, are good at living in dry deserts. Their thick stems can store a lot of water to help them survive the long, dry times. Plants play a big role in keeping our Earth healthy. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. This is very important for us humans and all other animals to breathe. Without plants, we couldn't live. What's more, plants provide food for us. We eat fruits like apples and bananas, and vegetables like carrots and tomatoes which all come from plants. Many animals also depend on plants for food. However, plants are facing some problems now. People cut down too many trees for wood and to make more space for buildings. This makes many plants lose their homes. Pollution is another big problem. Dirty air and water can harm plants. We should do something to protect plants. We can plant more trees in our neighborhoods. Saving water and reducing pollution can also help plants live better. By protecting plants, we are protecting our own home - the Earth. 文章主旨 文章介绍了植物的多样性、对地球和生物的重要作用，指出植物面临的问题，并呼吁人们保护植物。 1. What can we know about plants according to the passage? A. All plants are tall trees. B. Plants only come in green color. C. Cacti can live in dry places because of their thick leaves. D. Plants have different shapes, sizes and colors. 答案：D 解析：文章提到“Plants come in different shapes, sizes and colors”，所以D正确。A选项，植物有大树也有小花等，不都是大树；B选项，植物颜色多样；C选项，仙人掌靠厚茎储存水分在沙漠生存，不是厚叶子。 2. Why are plants important for our lives? A. They only make our Earth look beautiful. B. They take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. C. They provide food and oxygen for us. D. They can talk to humans. 答案： C 解析：根据“Plants play a big role in keeping our Earth healthy. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen...plants provide food for us”可知，植物为我们提供食物和氧气 ，C正确。A选项，植物不仅美观还很实用；B选项，植物吸收二氧化碳释放氧气；D选项，植物不会和人类交谈。 3. What problems are plants facing? A. Too much rain and strong winds. B. People cutting down trees and pollution. C. Animals eating too many plants. D.Plants growing too fast. 答案：B 解析：文中提到“People cut down too many trees...Pollution is another big problem”，所以植物面临人类砍伐树木和污染问题，B正确。A选项，过多雨水和强风文中未提及；C选项，动物吃植物不是主要问题；D选项，植物生长快不是面临的问题。 4. What can we do to protect plants? A. Cut down more trees. B. Pollute the air and water. C. Plant more trees and save water. D. Pick more flowers. 答案：C 解析：从“We can plant more trees in our neighborhoods. Saving water and reducing pollution can also help plants live better”可知，我们可以多种树、节约用水来保护植物，C正确。A选项，砍伐更多树会伤害植物；B选项，污染空气和水对植物有害；D选项，摘更多花不利于植物。 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Problems of Plants B. How to Plant Trees C. The Magic of Plants D. Different Animals and Plants 答案： C 解析：文章介绍了植物的多样、作用、面临问题及保护措施，体现了植物的奇妙之处，C选项最合适。A选项只提及问题，不全面；B选项只说种树，太片面；D选项重点在动物和植物，偏离主题。 四、《The Internet in Our Life》 The Internet has become an important part of our daily life. It makes our life much easier and more interesting. With the Internet, we can get a lot of information quickly. If we want to learn about history, science or any other subject, we just need to search for it on the Internet. For example, when we want to know about a famous person, we can find articles, pictures and even videos about him or her in a few seconds. The Internet also changes the way we communicate. We can talk to our friends and family who are far away. Sending emails, making video calls on apps like WeChat are very common now. It breaks the distance between people. Moreover, shopping online becomes more and more popular. We can buy all kinds of things, from clothes to books, without going out. And we can compare the prices of different products easily, which helps us save money. However, the Internet also has some problems. There is a lot of false information on it. We need to be careful not to believe everything we read. Online games can be very attractive and some people, especially teenagers, may spend too much time on them, which is bad for their studies and health. In a word, the Internet is a great tool. We should use it properly to make our life better while staying away from its bad influences. 文章主旨 文章介绍了互联网在信息获取、交流和购物等方面给生活带来的便利，同时指出互联网存在虚假信息和易让人沉迷游戏等问题，倡导正确使用互联网。 1. What can we do with the Internet according to the passage? A. Only play online games. B. Get information slowly. C. Communicate with people far away. D. Make friends only in our neighborhood. 答案：C 解析：文中提到“The Internet also changes the way we communicate. We can talk to our friends and family who are far away”，所以C正确。A选项，互联网用途广泛，不只是玩游戏；B选项，互联网能快速获取信息；D选项，互联网能让我们和远方的人交朋友，不局限于邻里。 2. How does the Internet change our communication? A. It makes it more difficult to talk to others. B. We can only send emails to communicate. C. It helps us talk to people far away easily. D. We can't communicate face to face anymore. 答案：C 解析：根据文章内容可知，互联网让我们能轻松和远方的人交流，C正确。A选项，互联网让交流更便捷，不是更困难；B选项，交流方式多样，不只是发邮件；D选项，互联网不影响面对面交流。 3. What are the problems of the Internet? A. There is no false information on it. B. It's hard to find useful information. C. Online games are not attractive at all. D. There is false information and online games may make people addicted. 答案：D 解析：从“There is a lot of false information on it...Online games can be very attractive and some people...may spend too much time on them”可知，互联网存在虚假信息和易使人沉迷游戏的问题，D正确。A选项，互联网有很多虚假信息；B选项，能快速找到有用信息；C选项，网络游戏很有吸引力。 4. Why should we be careful when using the Internet? A. Because there are too many people using it. B. Because we may believe false information. C. Because it's not easy to use. D. Because it can't help us with study. 答案：B 解析：因为网上有虚假信息，所以我们使用时要小心，B正确。A选项，使用人数多不是要小心的原因；C选项，互联网使用方便；D选项，互联网能辅助学习。 5. What does the writer want to tell us? A. The Internet is bad and we should not use it. B. We should only use the Internet for shopping. C. We should use the Internet properly. D. The Internet has no problems at all. 答案：C 解析：文章最后提到“We should use it properly to make our life better while staying away from its bad influences”，所以作者想告诉我们要正确使用互联网，C正确。A选项，互联网有好处也有坏处，不是不能用；B选项，互联网用途不止购物；D选项，互联网有问题。 五、《The Secret of Sleep》 Sleep is something we all do every day, but do you really know about it? Sleep is very important for our health. When we sleep, our body is busy doing many things. It repairs our muscles and bones. Our brain also gets a chance to rest. It helps us remember things better. If we don't get enough sleep, we may feel tired, have trouble concentrating in class, and even get sick easily. There are two main types of sleep: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and non - REM sleep. During REM sleep, our eyes move quickly, and this is the time when we usually dream. Non - REM sleep has three stages. In the first stage, we are just starting to fall asleep and can be easily woken up. As we move to the deeper stages, our body relaxes more, and our breathing and heart rate slow down. Many things can affect our sleep. Drinking coffee or tea before bedtime can make it hard for us to fall asleep because they have caffeine. Using electronic devices like mobile phones and tablets before sleep is also a bad habit. The blue light from the screens can stop our body from making a chemical called melatonin, which helps us sleep. To have a good sleep, we should develop good sleep habits. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. Keep your bedroom quiet, dark and not too hot or cold. Don't do exciting things before bedtime. A warm bath or some light reading can help you relax and get ready for sleep. 文章主旨 文章介绍了睡眠对健康的重要性、睡眠的类型、影响睡眠的因素以及如何养成良好的睡眠习惯。 1. Why is sleep important for us? A. It makes us feel tired. B. It helps our body repair and our brain rest. C. It stops us from remembering things. D. It makes us get sick easily. 答案：B 解析：文中提到“When we sleep, our body is busy doing many things. It repairs our muscles and bones. Our brain also gets a chance to rest”，所以睡眠帮助身体修复和大脑休息，B正确。A选项，睡眠不足才会累，正常睡眠不会；C选项，睡眠有助于记忆；D选项，睡眠不足才容易生病。 2. What happens during REM sleep? A. Our eyes move slowly. B. We never dream. C. Our body relaxes completely. D. Our eyes move quickly and we usually dream. 答案：D. 解析：文章第三段明确提到，REM 睡眠的特点是眼球快速转动（“our eyes move quickly”），且此时通常会做梦（“this is the time when we usually dream”）。A 选项 “眼球缓慢转动” 与原文矛盾；B 选项 “从不做梦” 错误；C 属于非 REM 睡眠（non-REM）的特征。 3. What can affect our sleep according to the passage? A. Drinking water before bedtime. B. Exercising in the morning. C. Drinking coffee and using electronic devices before sleep. D. Reading books before sleep. 答案：C. 解析：第四段指出，睡前喝咖啡或茶（因含咖啡因）以及使用电子设备（屏幕蓝光会抑制褪黑素分泌）会影响睡眠。A、B、D选项中的行为（喝水、晨练、读书）均未被文章提及为负面影响因素，部分行为（如读书）甚至属于促进睡眠的建议。 4. How can we have a good sleep? A. Go to bed at different times every day. B. Keep the bedroom very bright. C. Do exciting things before bedtime. D. Develop good sleep habits like going to bed and waking up at the same time. 答案：D. 解析：最后一段提到，养成良好睡眠习惯的方法包括每天固定作息（“Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day”）、保持卧室安静黑暗、睡前不做兴奋的事等。A 选项 “每天不同时间睡觉”、B 选项 “卧室保持明亮”、C 选项 “睡前做兴奋的事” 均与原文建议相悖。 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The types of sleep. B. How to use electronic devices. C. The secret of sleep and how to have a good sleep. D. The importance of exercise. 答案：C. 解析：文章主旨涵盖睡眠的重要性、类型、影响因素及改善方法，C 选项准确概括了 “睡眠的秘密（如类型和作用）” 和 “如何拥有良好睡眠”。A 选项 “睡眠类型”、B 选项 “如何使用电子设备”、D 选项 “锻炼的重要性” 均为文章部分细节，无法概括全文。 附：说明文阅读理解的核心要点与解题技巧总结 一、快速把握文章主旨的核心方法 要点 方法 示例 关注标题与首尾段 说明文标题通常直接点明主题（如《The Magic of Plants》），首段多引入话题并概述核心内容，尾段常总结结论或提出建议。 《The Internet in Our Life》首段直接指出 “互联网是日常生活的重要部分”，尾段总结 “应正确使用互联网”，首尾呼应主旨。 提炼段落主题句 段落首句或末句多为主题句，概括该段核心（如说明原因、分类、影响等）。 《The Wonders of the Ocean》中 “However, the ocean is facing many problems.” 直接引出海洋面临的问题，为段落主旨。 二、细节理解题的解题关键 要点 方法 示例 关键词定位法 根据题干中的名词、数字、专有名词等关键词，在文中快速定位对应句子。 问 “绿茶适宜水温” 时，定位《Tea Culture in China》中 “For green tea, the water temperature should be around 80℃”，直接锁定答案。 注意同义替换 正确选项常以同义词汇替换文中表述。 如文中 “absorb carbon dioxide” 对应选项 “take in carbon dioxide” 警惕干扰项 无中生有：选项内容文中未提及 如《The Wonders of the Ocean》中误选 “地震” 为海洋问题 偷换概念：篡改文中细节 如将 “海豚群居” 改为 “独自生活” 绝对化表述：使用 “all”“only” 等绝对词，而文中为 “many”“sometimes” 等 如 “所有植物都是大树” 错误 三、推理判断题的逻辑思路 要点 方法 示例 基于文中信息合理推断 答案需严格依据文中事实，避免主观联想。 《The Secret of Sleep》中，从 “睡前使用电子设备影响褪黑素分泌” 可推断 “蓝光会干扰睡眠”，但不可推断 “所有电子设备都有害”。 关注因果、转折等逻辑词 “because”“however”“so” 等词常提示推理线索。 《The Internet in Our Life》中 “Online games can be very attractive...spend too much time” 可推断 “沉迷游戏影响健康”。 四、主旨大意题的解题策略 要点 方法 示例 避免以偏概全 正确选项需覆盖全文核心，而非细节或部分内容。 《The Magic of Plants》中，“植物的问题”（A 选项）仅为文中一部分，“The Magic of Plants”（C 选项）才全面概括主题。 通过结构分析主旨 说明文常见结构 总分总：引言→分点说明→总结（如茶文化的历史、种类、意义）； 问题-解决型：现象→问题→建议（如海洋污染与保护措施）。 五、常见题型与应对技巧表格 题型 核心技巧 示例参考 细节题 定位关键词，对比选项与原文表述，注意同义替换。 《The Wonders of the Ocean》中 “海洋覆盖地球表面比例”，直接定位首句数据。 主旨题 看标题、首尾段，总结各段落主题句，排除细节选项。 《The Secret of Sleep》需涵盖 “睡眠类型、影响因素、改善方法”，而非单一细节。 推理题 基于文中逻辑词（如 because, however）推导隐含信息，避免过度联想。 从 “过度捕捞导致鱼类减少” 可推 “需可持续捕捞”，但不可推 “所有鱼类濒危”。 词义题 根据上下文语境、并列或转折关系猜测词义。文中未直接解释的生词，通过对比或举例推断。 如通过 “tiniest plankton to largest whales” 推测 plankton 为 “微小生物”。 六、阅读提速与理解的实用技巧 技巧 方法 略读与精读结合 略读：快速浏览标题、段落首句，把握文章框架； 精读：针对题干关键词所在句子，仔细分析细节。 标记关键信息 阅读时标注数字、专有名词、逻辑词（如 first, also, but），方便定位。 例：在《Tea Culture in China》中标记 “Shennong”“80℃”“friendship” 等关键词，对应细节题。 七、备考建议 方法 建议 积累说明文高频话题词汇 如环境（pollution, sustainable）、科技（internet, electronic devices）、健康（sleep, melatonin）等领域词汇。 总结错误选项规律 整理练习中常见的干扰项类型（如绝对化、偷换概念），强化排除技巧。 限时训练提升速度 按考试要求计时完成阅读，训练快速定位与信息处理能力。 通过以上方法，可系统性提升说明文阅读理解的准确率与效率，尤其适用于考试中的科普类、社会现象类文章。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中题型技巧清单的第3个专题，内容为说明文阅读。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语题型技巧清单 专题3 说明文阅读（讲+练）【考点解读】 近三年真题显示，2023年和2022年分别都有一篇说明文阅读。所以说明文阅读也是复习阅读理解的重点。复习时要细致具体，关注基础，也要关注细节，注意拔高部分。本专题旨在帮助学生梳理说明文阅读，掌握技巧，在考试中取得更好的成绩。 【知识点清单一】认识英语说明文​ 一、英语说明文特点与结构​ 1.1 说明文定义与特点​ 英语说明文阅读旨在清晰传达信息，掌握技巧能提升理解效率，本篇带您深入浅出地学习阅读技巧。 一、说明文的定义与类型​ 要点 说明 定义 英语说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来介绍事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理的一种文体。 类型 事物说明文 介绍具体事物的特征、构造、用途等，如介绍手机、电脑等电子产品，或动植物的特点。 事理说明文 解释抽象的原理、规律、现象等，例如气候变化的原因、网络购物的流程等。​ 特点 客观性 作者通常保持中立，不掺杂个人情感，以事实和数据为依据进行说明。​ 条理性 常用时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（因果、对比、分类等）展开内容，结构清晰。​ 语言准确性 使用准确、专业的词汇，避免模糊表述。 常见结构​ 总分式 先总述主题，再分别从不同方面进行说明。如文章开头点明 “环保的重要性”，后续从大气保护、水资源保护、土壤保护等方面展开。​ 递进式 按照事物的发展过程、逻辑关系逐步深入说明。比如在讲解 “植物的生长过程” 时，从种子萌发到幼苗成长，再到开花结果依次叙述。 并列式 各段落围绕主题从不同角度进行说明，段落间呈平行关系。像介绍 “不同国家的饮食文化”，分别阐述中国、日本、意大利等国家的饮食特色。 【例题】 （一）阅读短文，判断其篇章结构。​ In modern society, smartphones play an important role in our daily lives. Firstly, they make communication much easier. We can make calls, send messages, and use social media apps to keep in touch with friends and family. Secondly, smartphones provide us with a vast amount of information. We can search for news, learn knowledge, and read e-books on them. Thirdly, they are also great entertainment tools. We can listen to music, watch videos, and play games whenever we want.​ A. 总分式 B. 递进式 C. 并列式 D. 以上都不是​ 答案：C​ 解析：文章围绕智能手机在生活中的作用，从沟通、获取信息、娱乐三个平行角度进行说明，属于并列式结构。​ （二）阅读短文，回答问题 The Smartwatch is a new type of wearable device. It not only tells time but also has many other functions. It can be connected to your smartphone via Bluetooth, allowing you to receive calls, messages, and notifications directly on your wrist. You can also use it to track your fitness activities, such as steps taken, calories burned, and heart rate.​ 1.What type of 说明文 is this passage?​ A. Narrative B. Argumentative C. Expository (事物说明文)​ 答案：C 解析：文章围绕智能手表这种具体事物展开，介绍了它的功能，属于事物说明文，所以选 C。Narrative 意为 “叙事性的”，通常用于讲述故事；Argumentative 意为 “议论性的”，侧重于阐述观点并论证，均不符合本文体裁 。 2.What is the main topic of this passage?​ A. The history of watches B. The functions of the smartwatch C. How to connect a smartwatch to a smartphone​ 答案：B 解析：文中重点阐述了智能手表不仅能看时间，还能连接手机接收信息、追踪健身活动等功能，而不是手表的历史（A 选项），也不是如何将智能手表连接到智能手机（C 选项只是其中一个功能的部分内容），所以主要话题是智能手表的功能，选 B。 【即时训练】 ​ 阅读短文，回答问题。 The process of making bread involves several steps. First, mix flour, yeast, sugar, salt, and water in a large bowl. Then, knead the dough on a floured surface for about 10 minutes until it becomes smooth and elastic. After that, place the dough in a greased bowl, cover it with a damp cloth, and let it rise in a warm place for about an hour. Finally, shape the risen dough into loaves, place them in baking pans, and bake in a preheated oven at 200°C for 30 - 35 minutes.​ 1.Which of the following best shows the objectivity of this passage?​ A.The use of specific steps and measurements B. The author's opinion on the taste of bread C. Emotional words to describe the process​ 2.What kind of order is used in this passage?​ A. Time order B. Space order C. Comparison order​ 【知识点清单二】常见题型与解题技巧​ 一、细节理解题​ 细节理解题是考查对文章具体信息的捕捉能力。 常见提问方式 “According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?”“What can we know from the passage? ” 等。 题目特点 考查对文章具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。 解题技巧 根据题干中的关键词，在文中定位相关信息，然后对比选项与原文内容，选择与原文一致的答案，注意同义替换、时态、数量等细节。​ 【例题】​ （一）题干：When was the new product launched?​ 文中信息：The new product was launched in April 2023.​ 选项：A. In March 2023 B. In April 2023 C. In May 2023​ 答案：B​ （二）根据短文内容，选择正确答案。​ The new library in our school has a large collection of books. There are more than 50,000 books in it. Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time and keep them for 30 days.​ According to the passage, students can keep the borrowed books for ______.​ A. 15 days B. 20 days C. 25 days D. 30 days​ 答案：D​ 解析：文中明确提到 “Students can borrow up to 5 books at a time and keep them for 30 days”，与 D 选项一致。​ 【即时训练】 （一）The school sports meeting will be held on May 20th. Students from all grades can participate in various events, such as running, long jump, and high jump. The registration deadline is May 15th.​ 1.When will the school sports meeting be held?​ A. On May 15th B. On May 20th C. On May 25th​ 2.What is the registration deadline?​ A. May 10th B. May 15th C. May 20th​ （二）阅读短文，回答问题。​ The exhibition of modern art will be open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day next week. Tickets cost 20 yuan for adults and 10 yuan for students.​ When will the modern art exhibition close every day?​ A. At 8:00 a.m. B. At 9:00 a.m. C. At 5:00 p.m. D. At 6:00 p.m.​ （三）阅读短文，回答问题。​ The recycling of paper is a beneficial process for the environment. First, used paper is collected from homes and offices. Next, it is transported to a recycling plant where it is sorted and cleaned to remove ink and impurities. Then, the cleaned paper is shredded into small pieces and mixed with water to form a pulp. After that, the pulp is strained to remove excess water and pressed into new paper sheets. Finally, the new paper is dried and rolled into large reels, ready to be made into new products. 1.Which feature of expository writing is highlighted in this passage? A. Personal experiences of recycling paper B. Clear step-by-step instructions with sequence words C. Persuasive language to encourage recycling 2.What organizational structure does the author use? A. Cause and effect order B. Time order C. Problem and solution order 二、词义猜测题​ 词义猜测题考查根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。 常见提问方式 “The underlined word ‘______’ probably means . ”“What does the word ‘’ in Paragraph X refer to? ” 等。 题目特点 要求猜测文中某个单词、短语或句子的含义。 解题技巧 通过上下文语境、同义词、反义词、构词法、举例说明等方式来推测词义。​ 【例题】​ （一）猜测划线单词含义。​ The doctor gave the patient some medicine to alleviate the pain. The patient felt much better after taking it.​ The underlined word “alleviate” probably means ______.​ A. increase B. reduce C. cause D. hide​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据后文 “The patient felt much better after taking it” 可知，药物让病人感觉好多了，所以 “alleviate” 意思是 “减轻”，与 B 选项 “reduce” 同义。​ 【即时训练】 猜测划线单词含义。​ （1） The small town is famous for its abundant resources. There are rich mines, forests full of various trees, and large areas of fertile land for farming.​ What does the underlined word “abundant” probably mean?​ A. Limited B. Plentiful C. Poor​ （二）The old man is very frugal. He never wastes money on unnecessary things and always saves some money for future use.​ The underlined word “frugal” probably means ______.​ A. generous B. rich C. careful with money D. careless with money​ 三、主旨大意题​ 主旨大意题考查对文章整体内容和中心思想的把握。 常见提问方式 “What is the main idea of the passage?”“The passage is mainly about ______. ” 等。 题目特点 考查对文章主旨或段落大意的概括能力。​ 解题技巧 关注文章首尾段、每段的主题句，总结概括文章主要内容，避免选择过于片面或偏离主题的选项。​ ​ 【例题】选择文章的主旨大意。​ Nowadays, more and more people are interested in traveling. Traveling can broaden our horizons and make us know more about different cultures. We can visit famous scenic spots, try local delicious food, and make new friends during the journey. In a word, traveling is a wonderful experience.​ 1.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. The ways of traveling. B. The advantages of traveling.​ C. The places of traveling. D. The cost of traveling.​ 【即时训练 】选择文章的主旨大意。 （一） Cities around the world are taking different measures to deal with air pollution. Some cities have restricted the number of cars on the road, while others are promoting the use of clean energy. In addition, many cities are increasing the green areas to improve the air quality.​ 1.What is the main idea of this passage?​ A. The causes of air pollution B. The measures cities take to deal with air pollution C. The importance of clean energy​ （二）​ The Internet has changed our lives in many ways. We can use it to study, work, shop, and communicate with others. It provides us with a lot of convenience and opportunities. However, it also brings some problems, such as Internet addiction and information security.​ 1.What is the main idea of the passage?​ A. The importance of the Internet. B. The advantages of the Internet.​ C. The problems of the Internet. D. The influence of the Internet on our lives.​ 四、推理判断题​ 推理判断题是基于原文信息合理推导，不选原文未提及的主观结论。 常见提问方式 What can we infer from the passage?​等 题目特点 要求根据文章内容进行合理的推理和判断，答案不直接在文中体现。​ 解题技巧 依据文章提供的信息，进行逻辑推理，注意推理要基于原文，不能过度推断。​ 【例题】​ 文中信息：The sales of electric cars have been increasing rapidly in recent years.​ 推理：A. Electric cars will replace traditional cars completely in the future. （过度推断） B. More and more people are showing interest in electric cars. （合理推断）​ 答案：B​ 【即时训练】 The number of people visiting the local library has been steadily increasing in the past few months. The library has also added more new books and extended its opening hours.​ What can we infer from the passage?​ A.The library will close down soon. B. People's demand for reading materials is growing. C. The library staff will be reduced.​ 【知识点清单三】阅读方法与策略​ 策略 方法 例题 略读 （Skimming） 快速浏览文章，了解文章大意、结构和主题的方法。阅读时重点关注标题、副标题、首尾段、每段的首句和尾句。适用于解答主旨大意题和了解文章整体框架。​ 标题：The Benefits of Reading Books​ 首段：Reading books is not only a source of entertainment but also offers numerous benefits to our mental, emotional, and intellectual development.​ 通过浏览可知，本文主要围绕读书的好处展开。​ 扫读 （Scanning）​ 为了寻找特定信息而快速浏览文章的方法。先确定题干中的人名、地名、时间、数据、重要观点等关键词，然后在文中迅速定位相关信息。常用于解答细节理解题。​ 题目问 “文章中提到的新型能源是什么”，带着 “new energy sources” 这个关键词在文中扫读，找到相关句子，获取答案。​ 精读（Intensive Reading） 对文章进行仔细研读，理解句子含义、分析语法结构、推测生词含义等。在遇到词义猜测题、推理判断题等较难题目时，需要精读相关段落。​遇到长难句时，可通过分析句子结构（如找出主谓宾等主干成分）、拆分从句、识别固定搭配等方法来理解句子含义。​ 句子：The new technology, which was developed by a team of scientists from three universities, can greatly improve the efficiency of energy production.​ 分析：“The new technology” 是主语，“can greatly improve” 是谓语，“the efficiency of energy production” 是宾语，“which was developed by a team of scientists from three universities” 是定语从句，修饰 “technology” 。 【例题】 阅读以下短文，运用略读方法选择文章大意。​ Camping is a popular outdoor activity. It allows people to get close to nature and enjoy fresh air. When camping, we need to prepare a tent, sleeping bags, food, and water. We can also do many interesting things like hiking, fishing, and having a campfire.​ A. The history of camping. B. How to prepare for camping.​ C. The reasons why camping is popular. D. Camping - a popular outdoor activity and related information.​ 答案：D​ 解析：通过略读可知，文章介绍了露营是受欢迎的户外活动，还提及露营所需准备物品和可进行的活动，整体围绕露营展开，选 D。 【即时训练】 （一） In 2022, a research team from Harvard University found that people who drink at least two cups of green tea a day have a 15% lower risk of heart disease. The study lasted for 5 years and involved 10,000 participants from different age groups.​ 1.Which of the following is a key piece of information in this passage?​ A. The name of the university B. The color of the tea C. The taste of green tea​ 2.How long did the study last?​ A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 5 years​ （二） The book, which was written by a famous author and became a best-seller last year, tells the story of a young girl's journey to find her true self.​ 1.What is the subject of this sentence?​ A. The book B. The famous author C. The young girl​ 2.What is the function of “which was written by a famous author and became a best - seller last year” in this sentence?​ A. The predicate B. An attributive clause C. The object​ （三） The Internet has become an important part of our daily lives. It offers us a wide range of services. We can use it to search for information, shop online, communicate with others, and even study. For example, students can take online courses to learn new knowledge. Besides, the Internet makes it possible for us to connect with people from all over the world. We can make friends on social media platforms and share our experiences. However, the Internet also has some disadvantages. Some people may spend too much time online, which can affect their study and work. Moreover, there is a risk of personal information leakage when using the Internet.​ 1.What can't we do on the Internet according to the passage?​ A. Search for information B. Watch live sports games C. Communicate with others​ 2.What does the underlined word “leakage” mean?​ A. 保护 B. 泄露 C. 收集​ 3.What is the main idea of this passage?​ A. The advantages of the Internet. B. The disadvantages of the Internet. C. The advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.​ （四） Camping is a popular outdoor activity. It allows people to get close to nature and enjoy fresh air. When camping, you need to prepare some essential items. First, a good tent is necessary to protect you from the sun, rain, and insects. Second, you should bring enough food and water. It's better to choose food that is easy to carry and store. Third, don't forget to take some warm clothes, especially if you are camping in the mountains or at night. In addition, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, and a multi-functional tool can also be very useful during camping.​ 1.Why is camping popular?​ A. Because it is very cheap. B. Because it helps people get close to nature. C. Because it doesn't need much preparation.​ 2.What does the underlined word “essential” mean?​ A. 昂贵的 B. 时尚的 C. 必要的​ 3.What can we infer from the passage?​ A. Camping in the city is more interesting. B. We don't need to bring food when camping. C. Different places may require different camping preparations.​ 【即时训练】说明文阅读练习5篇 一、Tea Culture in China​ Tea has a long history in China. It is not only a popular drink but also an important part of Chinese culture.​ The history of tea in China dates back to thousands of years ago. It is said that Shennong, an ancient Chinese emperor, discovered tea by accident. One day, when he was boiling water under a tea tree, some tea leaves fell into the water. The water turned out to be very delicious. Since then, people started to drink tea.​ There are many kinds of tea in China, such as green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and pu-erh tea. Different kinds of tea have different tastes and benefits. Green tea is known for its fresh flavor and is rich in vitamins. Black tea has a stronger taste and is often enjoyed with milk and sugar. Oolong tea is famous for its unique fragrance. Pu-erh tea, especially the aged one, has a special smooth taste.​ Making tea is an art in China. The process includes warming the teapot, putting tea leaves into the pot, pouring hot water over the tea leaves, and then waiting for a proper time to pour the tea into cups. The temperature of the water and the steeping time are very important. For green tea, the water temperature should be around 80℃, while for black tea, it can be close to 100℃.​ Tea is not just a drink in China. It is also a symbol of friendship. When guests come, people usually make tea to show their welcome. Drinking tea together is a way to communicate and build good relationships.​ 1.Who discovered tea according to the passage?​ A. Shennong.​ B. An ancient Chinese farmer.​ C. A tea merchant.​ D. A Buddhist monk.​ 2.Which of the following is NOT a kind of Chinese tea?​ A. Green tea.​ B. Red tea.​ C. Oolong tea.​ D. Pu-erh tea.​ 3.Why is making tea considered an art in China?​ A. Because it needs expensive tea sets.​ B. Because it requires specific steps and skills.​ C. Because only artists can make good tea.​ D. Because it has a long history.​ 4.What temperature of water is suitable for making green tea?​ A. Around 60℃.​ B. Around 80℃.​ C. Around 90℃.​ D. Close to 100℃.​ 5.What does tea symbolize in Chinese culture?​ A. Wealth.​ B. Power.​ C. Friendship.​ D. Wisdom.​ 二、《The Wonders of the Ocean》 The ocean is a vast and amazing place that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. It is full of life, from the tiniest plankton to the largest whales. One of the most interesting things about the ocean is the great variety of marine life. There are colorful fish swimming in coral reefs. These reefs are like underwater cities, providing homes for thousands of different species. Dolphins are also well - known marine animals. They are very smart and friendly. They often swim and play together in groups, showing amazing teamwork. The ocean also plays a crucial role in our climate. It absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide, which helps to slow down global warming. In addition, ocean currents move heat around the planet, affecting weather patterns all over the world. However, the ocean is facing many problems. Pollution from plastic waste is a huge issue. Every year, a large number of plastic items end up in the ocean, harming marine animals. Overfishing is another problem. Many fish species are being caught at a rate faster than they can reproduce, which may lead to the collapse of some fish populations. We should all take action to protect the ocean. This can include reducing plastic use, supporting sustainable fishing, and joining beach clean - up activities. By doing so, we can help to keep the ocean beautiful and healthy for future generations. 1. What percentage of the Earth's surface does the ocean cover? A. Less than 50%. B. About 60%. C. More than 70%. D. Nearly 80%. 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of dolphins? A. They are very shy. B. They are not social animals. C. They are smart and friendly. D. They live alone most of the time. 3. What important role does the ocean play in our climate? A. It causes global warming. B. It releases a lot of carbon dioxide. C. It makes the weather more extreme. D. It absorbs carbon dioxide and moves heat around the planet. 4. What are the main problems the ocean is facing? A. Lack of sunlight and cold water. B. Earthquakes and tsunamis. C. Pollution from plastic waste and overfishing. D. High temperature and strong winds. 5. What can we do to protect the ocean according to the passage? A. Throw more plastic into the ocean. B. Go fishing as much as we can. C. Support unsustainable fishing. D. Reduce plastic use and join beach clean - up activities. 三、《The Magic of Plants》 Plants are all around us. They are not only beautiful but also very important for our lives. Plants come in different shapes, sizes and colors. Some are tall trees like the oak, which can grow up to 30 meters high. Others are small flowers like the violet, with their lovely purple petals. Different plants live in different places. Cacti, for example, are good at living in dry deserts. Their thick stems can store a lot of water to help them survive the long, dry times. Plants play a big role in keeping our Earth healthy. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. This is very important for us humans and all other animals to breathe. Without plants, we couldn't live. What's more, plants provide food for us. We eat fruits like apples and bananas, and vegetables like carrots and tomatoes which all come from plants. Many animals also depend on plants for food. However, plants are facing some problems now. People cut down too many trees for wood and to make more space for buildings. This makes many plants lose their homes. Pollution is another big problem. Dirty air and water can harm plants. We should do something to protect plants. We can plant more trees in our neighborhoods. Saving water and reducing pollution can also help plants live better. By protecting plants, we are protecting our own home - the Earth. 1. What can we know about plants according to the passage? A. All plants are tall trees. B. Plants only come in green color. C. Cacti can live in dry places because of their thick leaves. D. Plants have different shapes, sizes and colors. 2. Why are plants important for our lives? A. They only make our Earth look beautiful. B. They take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. C. They provide food and oxygen for us. D. They can talk to humans. 3. What problems are plants facing? A. Too much rain and strong winds. B. People cutting down trees and pollution. C. Animals eating too many plants. D.Plants growing too fast. 4. What can we do to protect plants? A. Cut down more trees. B. Pollute the air and water. C. Plant more trees and save water. D. Pick more flowers. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Problems of Plants B. How to Plant Trees C. The Magic of Plants D. Different Animals and Plants 四、《The Internet in Our Life》 The Internet has become an important part of our daily life. It makes our life much easier and more interesting. With the Internet, we can get a lot of information quickly. If we want to learn about history, science or any other subject, we just need to search for it on the Internet. For example, when we want to know about a famous person, we can find articles, pictures and even videos about him or her in a few seconds. The Internet also changes the way we communicate. We can talk to our friends and family who are far away. Sending emails, making video calls on apps like WeChat are very common now. It breaks the distance between people. Moreover, shopping online becomes more and more popular. We can buy all kinds of things, from clothes to books, without going out. And we can compare the prices of different products easily, which helps us save money. However, the Internet also has some problems. There is a lot of false information on it. We need to be careful not to believe everything we read. Online games can be very attractive and some people, especially teenagers, may spend too much time on them, which is bad for their studies and health. In a word, the Internet is a great tool. We should use it properly to make our life better while staying away from its bad influences. 1. What can we do with the Internet according to the passage? A. Only play online games. B. Get information slowly. C. Communicate with people far away. D. Make friends only in our neighborhood. 2. How does the Internet change our communication? A. It makes it more difficult to talk to others. B. We can only send emails to communicate. C. It helps us talk to people far away easily. D. We can't communicate face to face anymore. 3. What are the problems of the Internet? A. There is no false information on it. B. It's hard to find useful information. C. Online games are not attractive at all. D. There is false information and online games may make people addicted. 4. Why should we be careful when using the Internet? A. Because there are too many people using it. B. Because we may believe false information. C. Because it's not easy to use. D. Because it can't help us with study. 5. What does the writer want to tell us? A. The Internet is bad and we should not use it. B. We should only use the Internet for shopping. C. We should use the Internet properly. D. The Internet has no problems at all. 五、《The Secret of Sleep》 Sleep is something we all do every day, but do you really know about it? Sleep is very important for our health. When we sleep, our body is busy doing many things. It repairs our muscles and bones. Our brain also gets a chance to rest. It helps us remember things better. If we don't get enough sleep, we may feel tired, have trouble concentrating in class, and even get sick easily. There are two main types of sleep: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and non - REM sleep. During REM sleep, our eyes move quickly, and this is the time when we usually dream. Non - REM sleep has three stages. In the first stage, we are just starting to fall asleep and can be easily woken up. As we move to the deeper stages, our body relaxes more, and our breathing and heart rate slow down. Many things can affect our sleep. Drinking coffee or tea before bedtime can make it hard for us to fall asleep because they have caffeine. Using electronic devices like mobile phones and tablets before sleep is also a bad habit. The blue light from the screens can stop our body from making a chemical called melatonin, which helps us sleep. To have a good sleep, we should develop good sleep habits. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. Keep your bedroom quiet, dark and not too hot or cold. Don't do exciting things before bedtime. A warm bath or some light reading can help you relax and get ready for sleep. 1. Why is sleep important for us? A. It makes us feel tired. B. It helps our body repair and our brain rest. C. It stops us from remembering things. D. It makes us get sick easily. 2. What happens during REM sleep? A. Our eyes move slowly. B. We never dream. C. Our body relaxes completely. D. Our eyes move quickly and we usually dream. 3. What can affect our sleep according to the passage? A. Drinking water before bedtime. B. Exercising in the morning. C. Drinking coffee and using electronic devices before sleep. D. Reading books before sleep. 4. How can we have a good sleep? A. Go to bed at different times every day. B. Keep the bedroom very bright. C. Do exciting things before bedtime. D. Develop good sleep habits like going to bed and waking up at the same time. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The types of sleep. B. How to use electronic devices. C. The secret of sleep and how to have a good sleep. D. The importance of exercise. 附：说明文阅读理解的核心要点与解题技巧总结 一、快速把握文章主旨的核心方法 要点 方法 示例 关注标题与首尾段 说明文标题通常直接点明主题（如《The Magic of Plants》），首段多引入话题并概述核心内容，尾段常总结结论或提出建议。 《The Internet in Our Life》首段直接指出 “互联网是日常生活的重要部分”，尾段总结 “应正确使用互联网”，首尾呼应主旨。 提炼段落主题句 段落首句或末句多为主题句，概括该段核心（如说明原因、分类、影响等）。 《The Wonders of the Ocean》中 “However, the ocean is facing many problems.” 直接引出海洋面临的问题，为段落主旨。 二、细节理解题的解题关键 要点 方法 示例 关键词定位法 根据题干中的名词、数字、专有名词等关键词，在文中快速定位对应句子。 问 “绿茶适宜水温” 时，定位《Tea Culture in China》中 “For green tea, the water temperature should be around 80℃”，直接锁定答案。 注意同义替换 正确选项常以同义词汇替换文中表述。 如文中 “absorb carbon dioxide” 对应选项 “take in carbon dioxide” 警惕干扰项 无中生有：选项内容文中未提及 如《The Wonders of the Ocean》中误选 “地震” 为海洋问题 偷换概念：篡改文中细节 如将 “海豚群居” 改为 “独自生活” 绝对化表述：使用 “all”“only” 等绝对词，而文中为 “many”“sometimes” 等 如 “所有植物都是大树” 错误 三、推理判断题的逻辑思路 要点 方法 示例 基于文中信息合理推断 答案需严格依据文中事实，避免主观联想。 《The Secret of Sleep》中，从 “睡前使用电子设备影响褪黑素分泌” 可推断 “蓝光会干扰睡眠”，但不可推断 “所有电子设备都有害”。 关注因果、转折等逻辑词 “because”“however”“so” 等词常提示推理线索。 《The Internet in Our Life》中 “Online games can be very attractive...spend too much time” 可推断 “沉迷游戏影响健康”。 四、主旨大意题的解题策略 要点 方法 示例 避免以偏概全 正确选项需覆盖全文核心，而非细节或部分内容。 《The Magic of Plants》中，“植物的问题”（A 选项）仅为文中一部分，“The Magic of Plants”（C 选项）才全面概括主题。 通过结构分析主旨 说明文常见结构 总分总：引言→分点说明→总结（如茶文化的历史、种类、意义）； 问题-解决型：现象→问题→建议（如海洋污染与保护措施）。 五、常见题型与应对技巧表格 题型 核心技巧 示例参考 细节题 定位关键词，对比选项与原文表述，注意同义替换。 《The Wonders of the Ocean》中 “海洋覆盖地球表面比例”，直接定位首句数据。 主旨题 看标题、首尾段，总结各段落主题句，排除细节选项。 《The Secret of Sleep》需涵盖 “睡眠类型、影响因素、改善方法”，而非单一细节。 推理题 基于文中逻辑词（如 because, however）推导隐含信息，避免过度联想。 从 “过度捕捞导致鱼类减少” 可推 “需可持续捕捞”，但不可推 “所有鱼类濒危”。 词义题 根据上下文语境、并列或转折关系猜测词义。文中未直接解释的生词，通过对比或举例推断。 如通过 “tiniest plankton to largest whales” 推测 plankton 为 “微小生物”。 六、阅读提速与理解的实用技巧 技巧 方法 略读与精读结合 略读：快速浏览标题、段落首句，把握文章框架； 精读：针对题干关键词所在句子，仔细分析细节。 标记关键信息 阅读时标注数字、专有名词、逻辑词（如 first, also, but），方便定位。 例：在《Tea Culture in China》中标记 “Shennong”“80℃”“friendship” 等关键词，对应细节题。 七、备考建议 方法 建议 积累说明文高频话题词汇 如环境（pollution, sustainable）、科技（internet, electronic devices）、健康（sleep, melatonin）等领域词汇。 总结错误选项规律 整理练习中常见的干扰项类型（如绝对化、偷换概念），强化排除技巧。 限时训练提升速度 按考试要求计时完成阅读，训练快速定位与信息处理能力。 通过以上方法，可系统性提升说明文阅读理解的准确率与效率，尤其适用于考试中的科普类、社会现象类文章。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$