Unit 2 知识点梳理讲义（上）-2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册各单元知识点精讲精练

英语学科教师辅导讲义 学生姓名： 年 级：八 课时数：3 辅导科目：英语 辅导教师： 辅导内容：8A U2 -1 辅导日期：2025.7. 教学目标：重点单词：foreign; rain; choose; environment 重点短语：be aware of; plenty of; have +一段时间+off 重点句型：more…than; less…than; fewer …than 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：During the rainy season, there is much more rain in Bangladesh than in many other parts of the world.(P21) 用法讲解： 1. during 在……期间 = in 2. rain v.下雨 n.雨水（不可数） rainy adj.下雨的 rainier adj.比较级 rainiest adj.最高级 3. there be 句型后面必须跟名词 知识点2：With the boat school, children have a chance to learn even when there are floods.（P21） 用法讲解： 1. have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事 by chance 碰巧，偶然 知识点3：Our school is small, so we have fewer students.（P22） 用法讲解：1.fewer为few的比较级,意为“更少的，较少的”。 例：I have fewer books than you. 我的书比你的少。 用法辨析：few, a few, little, 与 a little few 很少的，几乎没有的 表否定。修饰可数名词复数形式。 a few 少数的，几个 表肯定。修饰可数名词复数形式。 little 几乎没有 表否定。修饰不可数名词。 a little 一点儿，少量 表肯定。修饰不可数名词。 例：I’m new in Nanjing . I have few friends here .我才到南京，在这几乎没有朋友。 There are a few apples in the basket. You may eat him .篮子里有几个苹果，你（们）可以吃。 There’s little milk in the fridge . We have to buy them .冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了，我们得去买一些。 His brother knows a little French.他的哥哥懂一点法语。 用法辨析：more，fewer和less的区别 (1) more是many和much的比较级，表示“更多”，它后面可以接可数名词复数或不可数名词。常与than构成句型more ..than，用于比较物体的数量。 例:I have more apples than Tom. 我的苹果比汤姆的多。 He has more money than I．他的钱比我的多。 ( 2) fewer是few的比较级，less是little的比较级。few和little在句中都可用作形容词来修饰名词，表示不确定的数量。few用于修饰可数名词，后接可数名词复数，而little只能修饰不可数名词。 例：I have some story books. Tom has fewer story books than I. 我有一些故事书。汤姆的故事书比我的少。（book可数） There is less water in this glass．这个杯子里的水更少。（water不可数） 知识点4：There are many interesting subjects to choose from，such as drama and foreign languages.(p22) 用法讲解： 1. choose from 从……中选择 choose--chose--chosen choice n.选择 have no choice but to do sth 别无选择只得做某事 2. foreign adj.外国的 foreigner 外国人 知识点5：To us, learning Chinese may not be as simple as learning French or German, but I am looking forward to having a go.(p22) 用法详解 1.as +adj./adv.原级+as 和……一样 反义：not so +adj./adv.原级 as 不如…… 2.France n.法国 French n.法语 adj.法国的 Germany n.德国；German n.德国人，德语 adj.德国的 3.look forward to sth/doing sth 期盼某事，期待做某事 知识点6：Time flies when we are enjoying school!（p22） 用法解析： 1.time flies 时光飞逝 2.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩得开心 知识点7：Japan is one of the countries with the most earthquakes in the world, so our school offers different safety programmes to teach us how to survive in the face of danger.(p23) 用法解析： 1.介词with作后置定语时表示“带有……的” 2.offer 提供（主动） offer sb sth=offer sth to sb provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth offer n.特价 special offer 特惠 知识点8：We get plenty of hands-on experiences from these programmes.(p23) 用法解析： 1.plenty of = a lot of=lots of 许多，大量+可数名词复数/不可数名词 2.get sth from …从……中得到…… 知识点9：Our school also pays a lot of attention to food education.(p23) 用法解析： 1.pay attention to 关注…… 拓展：catch/attract/draw one’s attention 吸引某人注意力 bring sb to the attention of …使某人引起……的关注 知识点10：In this way, we are more aware of the importance of a healthy diet.(p23) 用法解析： 1. in this way 用这种办法 in some ways 在某种程度上 in the way 挡路 by the way 顺便一提 on the way 在路上 2.be aware of 知道，了解，意识到=realize awareness n.意识 知识点11：This help us develop good habits from an early age.(p23) 用法解析： 1.develop good habits 养成好习惯 developing adj.发展中的 developed adj.发达的 拓展：development n.发展 with the development of 随着……的发展 知识点11：Nancy’s school has more weeks off than Nancy’s school.(p26) 用法解析： 1. have +一段时间+off 休息……（时间） 【精题精练精讲】 单项选择 1. This maths problem is too hard. I think _____ people can work it out. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 2. ----Steve is good at writing short stories. ----Yes, he is. But he writes than us, so he doesn’t get good points in writing. A. less carefully B. more carefully C. more careful D. less careful 3. all the books, I chose the one Mo Yan. A. Of; on B. Among; by C. Between; for D. Between; written by 4. There is ________ sheep on the hill eating grass. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 5. There’s ____ food at home. Let’s go and buy some. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 6."Could you move your bike? It's ______ and I can't get through." A. in the way B. on the way C. in some ways D. by the way 7. ---Who taught _________French？ ---Nobody．I learned it by ___________． A. your，myself B. you，me C. you，myself D. yourself , myself 8.----What if you have two days_______? -----I'd like to go_______ a trip_______ Suzhou. A. of; for; to B. off; on; to C. off; on; for D. of; for; for 9．The radio says there will be much ______ next week. Maybe we will have ______ off. A．rainier; two days B．rain; two days' C．rainier; two days’ D．rain; two days 10. Kitty felt ____ nervous because of the English competition and couldn’t sleep well last night. A. a little of B. a bit of C. a little bit D. a bit little 11. The born artist devoted all the time he had ______ for something better or different. A. search B. searched C. to search D. to searching 12. The teacher told us much more attention should _____ when we take exams. A. pay to B. be paid C. be paid to D. pay 13. He didn’t say anything, but his smile was _____his permission(同意). A. as good as B. as well as C. as long as D. as soon as 14. The supermarket ______ a special discount for students during the back-to-school season. A. received B. offered C. borrowed D. threw 15. The experiment he paid attention to __________to be a success. A. proved B.proving C.to prove D.proves Keys:CABBB ACBDC DBABA 词汇 1. Josie （自愿给予）me 500 yuan to do the difficult job and I agreed. 2. There is always much __________(rain) in summer in Yangzhou every year. 3. It was rainy yesterday and it is even _________(rain) today. How terrible! 4. She felt like a __________(foreign) in her own country after living abroad for 10 years. 5. The day she looked forward to ________(come) finally and she was happy. 6. Speaking is as ___________(重要的) as writing. 7. The keys on the table belong to the __________(德国人). 8. At the party last night, they all enjoyed ______________. (they) 9. He was an American, but he speaks _______ (法语)very well. 10. Lots of terrible accidents have taken place because of the drivers’ _____________ (careless). 11. The school organized a campaign to raise ‌safety _________(意识)‌ about bicycle helmets. Keys:offered; rain; rainier; foreigner; came; important; Germans; themselves; French; carelessness; awareness 翻译句子 1. 我的学校比Daniel的学校暑假少放几个星期假。 ______________________________________________________. 2. 在读书周期间，我们有机会从图书馆借更多的书。 ______________________________________________________. 3.随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。 ______________________________________________________. 4.越来越多的人意识到教育的重要性。 ______________________________________________________. 5.我们应该少用塑料袋来保护环境。 _______________________________________________________. 6.和我们同龄的青少年别无选择只能接受新挑战。 _______________________________________________________. Keys: 1. My school has fewer weeks off for the summer holiday than Daniel’s. 2. During the reading week, we have a chance to borrow more books from the library. 3. With the development of technology, our lives are becoming better and better. 4. More and more people realize the importance of education. 5. We should use fewer plastic bags to protect the environment. 6. The teenagers of our age have no choice but to take on new challenges. 【能力拓展训练】 完形填空(2025 南通) Not long ago, my daughter’s favourite leather shoes were cut by a knife. She cried. I took the shoes to a shoemaker to get them repaired. The young apprentice (学徒) took a look at the cuts quickly and said, “There is 1 I can do but change the uppers (鞋帮).” His master looked at them and said to me, “If you 2 me, I will add more cuts to both of the shoes on purpose for special style.” I didn’t fully understand him, 3 I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later, I went there to get the shoes. At the first sight I found there were indeed five or six 4 on each shoe, but all of them were covered by soft red leather sewed (缝) with thick thread (线). The shoes looked more 5 and interesting than ever. I couldn’t stop praising the master for his skill. Another time, my wife’s 6 had an opening on the back. My wife checked it carefully, and then said, “I’ll 7 it myself.” Three days went past, and I was very 8 to see it again: the 9 was sewed up by thin and white thread and it looked like the ice crystal (晶体). She 10 made a lovely snowman and a wooden house on the blouse. I said with praise, “It’s just as beautiful as a piece of 11 .” “I learned from the master. Patches (补丁) can be 12 to look perfect.” replied my wife. Her words taught me even more. Perfection is 13 to achieve in everything; patches are unavoidable; so is human’s life, which will appear in the form of wound, 14 or disease. Since you can’t change that, all you can do and have to do is to cover the wound by patches and try your best to make a most beautiful flower on the wound, and that is what life teaches us. Once you 15 it, you can enjoy your life better. 1．A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything 2．A．help B．trust C．find D．know 3．A．because B．but C．so D．or 4．A．marks B．colours C．flowers D．cuts 5．A．harmless B．similar C．special D．useless 6．A．skirt B．dress C．blouse D．shirt 7．A．clean B．repair C．sell D．paint 8．A．lucky B．sad C．worried D．surprised 9．A．bag B．cut C．wound D．opening 10．A．even B．once C．really D．just 11．A．art B．ice C．wood D．leather 12．A．drawn B．attracted C．designed D．bought 13．A．unhelpful B．necessary C．important D．impossible 14．A．donation B．disability C．charity D．fashion 15．A．remember B．expect C．understand D．forget Keys: ABBDC CBDDA ACDBC 信息还原 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。 Parents are the most important people in your life. But many kids can’t get along well with their parents. They always think that they can’t understand each other. Some kids dislike their parents’ strictness. 1 How can children get along with their parents? 2 Spend more time together. Don’t spend so much time playing computer games or watching TV. 3 Go outside together, try some new games, or just read a book out loudly. 4 Many kids want their parents to help them when they’re sad, but your parents might not know that you’re having a problem. Tell them what has happened and you will be glad after you do that. Do your best at whatever you do. You don’t have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. 5 Why? Because it lets them know they’re doing a good job. A．It makes them happy to see that you’re turning into such a great kid. B．Here are three tips for you. C．Share your feelings and ask for help. D．You can ask one of your parents to play with you. E．Why are parents important for you? F．They say that their parents are too strict with them. Keys:FBDCA 综合填空 阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。将所填答案填写在相应题号的横线上。 Recycling is good for the environment. It can also do good to a community in 1 (surprise) ways. Mateo Lange, 15, knows this well. On weekends, you’ll find him separating things like glass and plastic bottles 2 different groups in his hometown of Indian River (印第安河), Michigan (密歇根州), America, where he leads a community recycling program. Mateo started the program in 2020. He was 11 and in 3 (six) grade, playing baseball with the Northern Michigan Cyclones. The team was new and needed money to travel to tournaments (锦标赛). Mateo suggested 4 plan. “There were cans and bottles always thrown around the road,” he tells TIME for Kids. In Michigan, these can 5 (collect) and changed for money. With his dad’s help, Mateo started a bottle and can drive. It raised $7,500. “We built up so 6 (much) money during just a few weeks,” he says, “So I said,” “Why don’t we keep this 7 (go) as long as we can?” Since then, his recycling effort has raised $350,000 and helped at 8 (little) 50 local youth groups. It has also prevented more than 2 million bottles and cans from littering the roadside and polluting Michigan’s lakes and rivers. “It’s kept our community a lot 9 (clean),” he says. Mateo believes everyone can—and should—be of service. “Just do a little bit 10 (help) make the world a little bit of a better place,” he says. “Be creative,” he adds, “Have an idea and build on it.” Keys:surprising;into;the sixth;a;be collected;much;going;least;cleaner;to help 首字母填空 For a long time, the small city of Zibo in Shandong wasn’t a major place of interest in China. But this past March, 4.8 million tourists from across the country visited the city. And it’s all thanks to its barbecue . Zibo barbecue is served in a special w 1 . Diners don’t directly eat the meat off skewers (串肉杆). I 2 , they put two or three of the skewers in a small pancake with some scallions (青 葱). Next, they turn the pancake into a small roll and p 3 the skewers out. Then it’s time to enjoy this different-tasting food. Zibo barbecue became p 4 online in early March. Since then, the local government has tried to give tourists an unforgettable e 5 during their stay. It has added special “barbecue trains” on weekends. It has also offered free barbecue maps and shuttle buses to help meat lovers reach the restaurants. Moreover, business owners will be p 6 if they are caught cheating (欺骗) customers. The locals are glad to see the tourists in their hometown. They see this as a c 7 for this old city to d 8 its tourism. To help, the government has added 21 bus routes to make it easier to travel throughout the city. Tourists can e 9 visit some places of interest for free. A lot of sites have already seen a quick rise in the n 10 of tourists. But the popularity of Internet-famous places is often short-lived. It won’t be easy to change Zibo’s image into a tourism attraction. “So, it’s important for the local government to consider what else the city can offer, said one tourism expert. Keys:(w)ay ;(I)nstead;(p)ull;(p)opular;(e)xperience;(p)unished ;(c)hance;(d)evelop;(e)ven;(n)umber 任务型阅读 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Do you ever feel like you are just rushing from one subject to another? When things happen so fast, maybe you can’t understand clearly what you are doing or learning, so it is important to stop yourself to think about what you have been doing or learning.   Self-reflection(反省)means slowing down and calming yourself, including calming your mind. Some people like to do self-reflection only in their mind. Others keep a diary. What’s more, taking notes is also OK. Each method (方法)works. You can follow the steps to do self-reflection. First, choose the right time to do it. School textbooks are made up of units of study. This makes it easier to begin self-reflection. Look for time when you finish a unit of study. Sometimes you know it’s the time because there is some kind of test. Use these natural breaks to stop and do self-reflection. Then, find a quiet place and take out your reflection diary. Write down some notes on the new things that you learned in the unit. Finally, think about things that you are not sure of. Maybe you learned a new way to work out a maths problem, but you’re not sure when to use it. Writing down your questions will help you remember to look for answers the next time you are working with the same topic. Successful students always know self-reflection is important. If you have never taken the time to do self-reflection, try it now. 1． What is self-reflection? ________________________________________________________. 2．How many steps can we follow to do self-reflection? ________________________________________________________. 3．Why do we need to write down the questions we are not sure of? ________________________________________________________. 4．What do successful students think of self-reflection? ________________________________________________________. 5．What is your own method to do self-reflection?（请自拟一句话作答） ________________________________________________________. Keys: 1. Self-reflection means slowing down and calming yourself, including calming your mind. 2. Three steps. 3. Because it can help us remember to look for answers the next time we are working with the same topic. 4. It’s important. 5. Making plans for my lessons./… 【课后巩固训练】 阅读理解 A We sometimes feel lonely when there’s nobody with us. How do you spend your time when you feel lonely? Li Bai, Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty, and the UK poet William Wordsworth described and dealt with loneliness in different ways. Drinking Alone under the Moon by Li Bai Among the flowers, from a pot of wine I drink without a companion of mine. I raise my cup to invite the Moon who blends Her light with my Shadow and we are three ________. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. Word bank: shadow (影子)      wander (漫游) float (漂浮)       daffodils (水仙花) vacant (茫然的)    pensive (沉思的) flash (闪耀)       bliss (乐园) Both Li Bai and William Wordsworth are poets of romanticism. Both poems are about loneliness but show different ways of thinking about it. The first poem describes the scene of drinking alone under the moon. Li imagines (想象) that the moon and his shadow are with him drinking, later even dancing together. Even when lonely, the talented poet used his poem and wine to let out his strong feelings. In the second poem, the poet seems lonely, imagining himself as a lonely cloud floating in the sky. However, he finds company with the beautiful and lively daffodils. The flowers give him strength and energy. After he finds the daffodils, the flowers continue to fill him with joy even when he is away from them. When he is lying on his couch at home, he relives the pleasure. 1．Which word can be the best for ________? A．drinkers B．friends C．neighbours D．dancers 2．What can we know after reading the two poems? A．Li Bai drank wine with others to let out his strong feelings. B．William Wordsworth hid great sadness in golden daffodils. C．Li and William used the same way to deal with loneliness. D．The two poems were written to talk about the same subject. 3．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．School life. B．History study. C．Classic reading. D．International news. Keys:BDC B Self-driving cars do not have people telling them what to do. They move themselves about safely by doing three things right: learning about the environment, deciding what to do next, and taking action. First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses many different sensors (传感器) to do this. These sensors, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allow the car to “see” things such as people and traffic lights. The sensors also help the car know where and how fast it is going. Besides knowing what is close by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead to avoid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things. It also allows the car to go online. All these things help the car “talk” with the outside world and get the latest road information. After receiving the information, the car needs to “read” it and decide what to do. So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an important role here because it helps the car recognize people and objects. Then, the car can decide when to stop, go, or turn. Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts of the car respond quickly. The car also uses less oil this way, which is good for the environment. 4．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Ways to use different sensors in self-driving cars. B．The differences between the “eyes” of cars and humans. C．How self-driving cars learn about their environment. D．When and where self-driving cars work the best. 5．What does V2X technology do? A．It allows the car to see in the dark. B．It allows the car to connect with people and things. C．It allows the car to connect with other cars. D．It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels. 6．What does multi-sensor fusion mean? A．Getting all road information. B．Using AI technology to finish a puzzle. C．Putting together information from all sensors. D．Connecting self-driving cars with each other on the road. 7．What do we know about drive-by-wire technology? A．It helps self-driving cars drive faster. B．It allows self-driving cars to run without oil. C．It can collect signals from different traffic lights. D．It helps control the movement of self-driving cars. Keys: CBCD C Long long ago, there was a piece of wood. It was not an expensive piece of wood. Just a common block of firewood, one of those thick legs that are put on the fire to make cold rooms warm. I do not know how this really happened, one fine day this piece of wood found itself in the shop of an old carpenter (木匠). Everyone called him Mastro Cherry, for the tip of his nose was so round and red that it looked like a ripe cherry. As soon as he saw that piece of wood, Mastro Cherry was filled with joy. Rubbing his hands together happily, he said to himself, “This has come in time. I’m in need of a leg of the table.” But as he was about to give it the first blow, he stood still with arm uplifted, for he had heard a little voice say, “Please be careful! Do not hit me so hard!” What a surprise! He tried to find out where that voice had come from and he saw no one! He looked under the bench—no one! He searched the room—no one! He opened the door to look around the street—and still no one! “Oh, I see!” he then said, laughing and shaking his head. “There may be something wrong with my ears.” “Well, well—to work once more.” He struck another blow hard on the piece of wood. “Oh, oh!You hurt me!” cried the same far-away little voice. Mastro Cherry’s mouth opened wide, turned frightened eyes and his tongue hung down on his chin (下巴). “Where did that voice come from? This piece of wood has learned to cry like a child? Here it is—a piece of common firewood, the same as any other. Yet—might someone be hidden in it? If so, the worse for him. I’ll fix him!” With these words, he started to knock it. He threw it to the floor, against the walls, and even up to the ceiling. He listened for the tiny voice to cry. He waited two minutes—nothing; five minutes—nothing; ten minutes—nothing. “Oh, I see,” he said, trying bravely to laugh and touching his hair. “Well, well—to work once more!” So he tried to sing a merry song to get power, and worked on. “Stop it! Oh, stop it!You tickle my stomach.” This time poor Mastro Cherry fell as if shot. When he opened his eyes, he found himself sitting on the floor. 8．How many times did the piece of wood talk? A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5. 9．The underlined word “blow” probably means ________. A．a hard hit B．a quick move C．air from the mouth D．a musical sound 10．Which is the right order according to the story? a.Mastro Cherry searched everywhere for the voice. b.Mastro Cherry was told to be careful by a little voice. c.Mastro Cherry laughed and sang to make himself move on. d.Mastro Cherry questioned if anyone was hidden in the wood. e.Mastro Cherry found a piece of common firewood in his shop. A．b﹣a﹣e﹣d﹣c B．b﹣e﹣d﹣a﹣c C．e﹣b﹣a﹣d﹣c D．e﹣b﹣d﹣a﹣c 11．How did the carpenter’s feelings change in the whole story? A．happy→surprised→afraid B．happy→surprised→bored C．surprised→afraid→angry D．surprised→worried→happy Keys: BACA D ①In China, more and more adults are becoming overweight. In fact, 34.8% of adults are overweight and 14.1% are obese (肥胖的). The number of obese people is growing faster than the number of those who are just overweight. Experts say that each year there are 5.4% more obese adults in China. ②Zhang Zhongtao, who works at Beijing Friendship Hospital, said that obesity was causing big health and money problems around the world. It is now a serious public health problem in China. By the year of 2030, it is expected that China will spend about 22% of all its healthcare money on problems related to being overweight or obese. ③At a meeting, Zhang asked people to pay more attention to obesity and how to manage weight. He believes that the government and society do not focus enough on this problem. “We hope to work with public charities to give help to obese patients who need to lose weight medically but can’t pay for it,” he said. ④He also explained why people become overweight. It is mainly because they eat more energy than they run out of. Also, in China, obesity is more common in the north than in the south, showing a pattern of decreasing from north to south. In the north of China, people like to eat noodles, and in the south, they prefer rice. Both foods have carbohydrates (碳水化合物), but eating noodles can make people gain more weight. Climate also affects people in the north. Because it’s colder, they like to eat foods with more calories like fried chicken and chocolate to stay warm. ⑤Obesity is a common problem and can lead to other diseases. This is why it’s so important to prevent and control obesity to help build a “Healthy China”. 12．How does the first paragraph tell the seriousness of the overweight problem in China? A．By giving examples. B．By listing some numbers. C．By asking some questions. D．By comparing with other countries. 13．What reasons for being overweight are TRUE according to the passage? ①Eating too much.                          ②Living in the north. ③Suffering from a disease.                    ④Preferring noodles to rice. ⑤Eating too late.                           ⑥Having a poor sleep. A．①③④ B．②④⑥ C．①②④ D．②③⑤ 14．What can we probably infer from the passage? A．Rice and fried chicken are good for keeping out of the cold. B．People have full understanding about the problems of being overweight. C．The overweight population is 5.4 times larger than that last year. D．Overweight and obese problems may cover fewer than a quarter of China’s medical bills. 15．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Keys:BCDA ( 3 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$