第3课 Unit 3 Same or Different-【弯道超车-新八年级】2025年 初中英语七升八年级 暑假自习提升讲义（人教版2024）

新八年级衔接讲义 第3课 Unit 3 Same or Different? 暑假预习（人教版2024） 内 容 提 要 知识速览 思维导图，感知单元知识点 基础讲练 讲练结合，基础知识全梳理 重点突破 突破重难点，提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，增强自信心 考点一：重点单词 （一）核心动词 1. compare [kəmˈpeə(r)] v. 比较；对比 o 用法： o compare...with...（把…… 与…… 相比） o compare to（与…… 比较） o 例句：Compare your answer with the model.（把你的答案和范文对比。）o 拓展：comparison n. 比较 2. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演；执行 o 用法：后接表演、任务等，如 “perform a play”（表演戏剧）。 o 例句：She will perform at the music festival.（她将在音乐节上表演。） o 拓展：performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 3. solve [sɒlv] v. 解决；解答 o 用法：后接问题、困难，如 “solve a problem”（解决问题），相当于 “work out”。 o 例句：Can you help me solve this math problem?（你能帮我解答这道数学题吗？） o 拓展：solution n. 解决方案 4. attend [əˈtend] v. 参加；出席 o 用法：后接会议、婚礼等，如 “attend a meeting”（参加会议）。 o 例句：My father will attend the parents' meeting.（我父亲将参加家长会。） o 辨析：join（加入组织）；take part in（参与活动） 5. reach [riːtʃ] v. 伸手；达到 o 用法： o reach for（伸手触碰） o reach + 地点（到达某地） o 例句：She reached for the book on the shelf.（她伸手去拿书架上的书。） （二）核心形容词 1. shy [ʃaɪ] adj. 害羞的 o 用法：作表语或定语，如 “a shy girl”（害羞的女孩）。 o 例句：She is shy around strangers.（她在陌生人面前很害羞。） o 拓展：shyness n. 害羞 2. outgoing [ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj. 外向的 o 用法：形容性格，如 “an outgoing person”（外向的人）。 o 例句：He is more outgoing than his brother.（他比弟弟更外向。） 3. serious [ˈsɪəriəs] adj. 严肃的；严重的 o 用法： o be serious about（对…… 认真） o a serious problem（严重的问题） o 例句：He is serious about his work.（他对工作很认真。） o 拓展：seriously adv. 严重地 （三）核心名词 1. pleasure [ˈpleʒə(r)] n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 o 用法： o It's a pleasure to do sth.（做某事很荣幸） o with pleasure（乐意地） o 例句：It's a pleasure to meet you.（见到你很高兴。） o 拓展：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 2. prize [praɪz] n. 奖；奖励 o 用法：“win the first prize”（获一等奖）。 o 例句：They won the first prize in the competition.（他们在比赛中获一等奖。） 3. population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] n. 人口 o 用法： o 形容人口多用 “large/big”，少用 “small” o What's the population of...?（…… 的人口是多少？） o 例句：The population of China is over 1.4 billion.（中国人口超过 14 亿。） （四）兼类词 1. besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] prep. 除…… 之外；adv. 而且 o 用法： o besides + 名词 / 动名词（除…… 之外还有） o 例：Besides math, I like physics.（除数学外，我还喜欢物理。） o 辨析：except（除…… 之外，不包括） 2. alike [əˈlaɪk] adj. 相像的；adv. 相似地 o 用法： o be alike（相似），作表语 o 例：The two sisters look alike.（这对姐妹长得很像。） 对点练习题（单词部分） 1. She is too ______ to speak in front of others. A. shy B. outgoing C. serious 2. Can you help me ______ this difficult problem? A. compare B. solve C. attend 3. The ______ of Shanghai is larger than that of many cities. A. prize B. pleasure C. population 4. ______ singing, she also likes dancing. A. Besides B. Except C. Beside 5. The twin brothers look very ______. A. alike B. different C. outgoing 考点二：重点短语 1. be different from 与…… 不同 o 用法：后接名词 / 代词，如 “be different from the past”（与过去不同）。 o 例句：My schoolbag is different from yours.（我的书包和你的不同。） 2. be afraid of 害怕 o 用法：后接名词 / 动名词，如 “be afraid of snakes”（害怕蛇）。 o 例句：He is afraid of speaking in public.（他害怕当众讲话。） 3. win the first prize 赢得一等奖 o 用法：后接比赛、活动，如 “win the first prize in a competition”。 o 例句：She won the first prize in the singing contest.（她在歌唱比赛中获一等奖。） 4. take part in 参加 o 用法：后接活动，如 “take part in a festival”（参加节日活动）。 o 例句：I took part in the school sports meeting.（我参加了学校运动会。） 5. as...as... 和…… 一样 o 用法： o 肯定式：A + as + 原级 + as + B o 否定式：A + not as/so + 原级 + as + B o 例句：Your bag is as heavy as mine.（你的包和我的一样重。） 6. thanks to 归功于；由于 o 用法：后接名词 / 代词，表积极原因，如 “thanks to your help”。 o 例句：Thanks to her, I passed the exam.（多亏了她，我通过了考试。） 7. because of 因为 o 用法：后接名词 / 动名词，如 “because of the rain”（因为下雨）。 o 例句：We didn’t go out because of the bad weather.（因为天气差，我们没出门。） 8. have...in common 有…… 共同之处 o 用法：如 “have similar hobbies in common”（有相似爱好）。 o 例句：They have a lot in common.（他们有很多共同点。） 9. care about 关心 o 用法：后接人 / 事，如 “care about your health”（关心你的健康）。 o 例句：He doesn’t care about what others think.（他不在乎别人怎么想。） 10. learn from each other 互相学习 o 用法：强调双向学习，如 “students learn from each other”（学生互相学习）。 对点练习题（短语部分） 1. My lifestyle is quite ______ hers. A. different from B. afraid of C. thanks to 2. She is ______ making mistakes in the exam. A. taking part in B. afraid of C. caring about 3. ______ your help, I finished the work on time. A. Because of B. Thanks to C. As...as... 4. Do you and your sister ______ anything ______? A. learn; from B. care; about C. have; in common 5. He runs ______ his brother. A. as fast as B. because of C. thanks to 考点三：重点语句 1. How are we different from each other?（我们有什么不同？） o 解析：be different from“与…… 不同”，用于询问差异。 o 拓展：反义词组 the same as（与…… 相同）。 2. Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone.（陈杰害怕独自表演。） o 解析： o be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事） o alone “独自”，强调客观状态。 3. I’m not as outgoing as you.（我不像你那样外向。） o 解析： o 否定式：not as/so + 原级 + as（不如……） o 同义转换：I’m less outgoing than you. 4. They solve the problem by playing together.（他们通过一起玩耍解决了问题。） o 解析： o by doing sth.（通过做某事）表方式 o solve “解决” 后接问题类名词。 5. They won the first prize in the school music festival.（他们在学校音乐节上获得了一等奖。） o 解析： o win + 奖项 / 比赛，beat + 对手 o “in the music festival” 表范围。 6. Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival!（祝贺你在学校音乐节上获奖！） o 解析： o congratulations on sth.（祝贺某事） o win the prize “获奖”，固定搭配。 7. Besides singing, how do you both spend your spare time?（除了唱歌，你们俩如何度过业余时间？） o 解析： o besides“除…… 之外还有”，包括唱歌 o spare time “业余时间”，同义 free time。 8. The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022.（2022 年芝加哥的人口比广州多。） o 解析： o population 用 large/big 修饰 o that 指代 the population，避免重复。 9. Because of that, I try harder when I practice, and now I’m getting better at badminton.（正因为如此，我练习时更加努力，现在我的羽毛球打得更好了。） o 解析： o because of 后接名词 / 代词 o get better at“在…… 变得更好”，即 improve。 10. Now I think meeting new people is really fun.（现在我觉得结识新朋友真的很有趣。） o 解析： o meeting new people 动名词作主语 o think + 宾语从句，表观点。 对点练习题（语句部分） 1. 翻译：她害怕在公众面前讲话。 ___________________________________________________________ 2. 完成句子：他的房间不如我的大。 His room is ______ ______ ______ ______ mine. 3. 改错：They won the opponent in the basketball match. _______________________________________________________________ 解析：beat + 对手，win + 比赛 / 奖项。 4. 翻译：除了英语，他还学法语。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 完成句子：中国人口比美国多。 The population of China is ______ ______ ______ of America. 一、形容词 / 副词比较级核心用法 1. 结构构成： o 规则变化：+er（taller）、多音节词 + more（more interesting） o 不规则变化：good→better，bad→worse 2. 关键句型： o A + 比较级 + than + B（He is taller than me.） o 比较级 + and + 比较级（越来越……） 3. 特殊用法： o the + 比较级，the + 比较级（越…… 越……） o 比较级中用 that/those 代替前文名词（The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.） 二、as...as... 与 not as/so...as... 结构 1. 肯定式：A + as + 原级 + as + B（和…… 一样） o 例：Your bag is as heavy as mine. 2. 否定式：A + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（不如……） o 例：He doesn’t run so fast as his friend. 3. 同义转换： o A not as...as B = A less...than B = B more...than A o 例：He isn’t as tall as me. = He is shorter than me. 三、win/beat/lose 辨析 动词 宾语类型 例句 win 比赛 / 奖项（game/prize） They won the first prize. beat 竞争对手（opponent） She beat all other competitors. lose 比赛 / 战斗（match/battle） They lost the basketball game. 注意：win 不可接人，beat 后不接比赛名称。 四、because 与 because of 区别 1. 词性差异： o because（连词）+ 句子（We didn’t go out because it rained.） o because of（介词短语）+ 名词 / 动名词（We didn’t go out because of the rain.） 2. 同义转换： o because of sth. = due to sth. = owing to sth. 3. 语境应用： o 回答 why 用 because（Why didn’t you come? Because I was ill.） o 后接短语用 because of（He failed because of his carelessness.） 一、语法选择 （24-25八年级上·重庆·期末）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 It was 1 cool early morning in winter. I was excited about starting my morning walk. Every day I told 2 that I should start “walking exercise” although it never 3 . But that day was different because I took my 4 step outside. I got everything ready and I felt I was going to do some short trips! Then I started 5 on the lonely road. It was much 6 than the day before but I enjoyed the fresh air. Maybe that day I was the only one who was walking on the road at that time. Maybe I came too early 7 I loved it. I saw the green trees on both sides. To my 8 , it was so quiet all around except (除了) the sound of some little birds in the trees. Small drops of water shone on the leaves, and the air was fresh. I saw a rabbit playing in the grass, and bright flowers along the way. 9 I saw made me have a feeling of peace. As the sky shone with red light on that day, I left the place and ended my wonderful trip. From then on, I kept walking 10 the morning every day. It not only keeps me fit but also brings joy and peace to my life! 1．A．an B．a C．the 2．A．me B．my C．myself 3．A．happens B．is happening C．happened 4．A．first B．the one C．last 5．A．walked B．walking C．walk 6．A．colder B．cold C．coldest 7．A．so B．but C．because 8．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 9．A．Everything B．Anything C．Something 10．A．on B．at C．in 二、完形填空 （24-25八年级上·天津·期末）In high school, I was younger than most of my friends. Usually it didn’t 1 . But turning 16 was different. One by one, my friends 2 their birthdays by getting a learner’s permit (许可) to drive. Meanwhile I was still stuck (受困) in the passenger seat of my mom’s car. The 3 for getting a driver’s license is different in the US. In my state, Massachusetts, we can get a learner’s permit 4 our 16th birthday. Then we must wait six months before getting a driver’s license. Driving culture in the US is big, so getting a driver’s license is 5 for many teenagers. It means freedom, independence and control. I signed up for a driver’s education class. I also 6 driving lessons on the roads around my town. My instructor was a serious woman who never said 7 to me besides: “Put on your turn signal (转向灯). Turn left. Check your mirrors.” After six months, I was feeling pretty good about my driving 8 . I knew how to drive on highways, at night and in the snow. Still, on the day of my driver’s test, I was nervous. 9 I got into the car, I saw that the person giving me the test was a big, tough-looking man. “I’m not going to be easy on you,” he said. “Let’s go!” I took a deep breath and turned on the engine. I 10 the test that day, and have been driving ever since. 1. A．work B．matter C．help D．last 2. A．planned B．introduced C．remembered D．celebrated 3. A．age B．rule C．place D．need 4. A．in B．at C．on D．with 5. A．difficult B．dangerous C．important D．surprising 6. A．taught B．took C．prepared D．gave 7. A．something B．many C．nothing D．much 8. A．teacher B．lessons C．skills D．license 9. A．When B．Unless C．If D．Although 10. A．passed B．failed C．changed D．missed 三、阅读理解 A （24-25八年级上·陕西咸阳·期末）Many students have clear ideas about what jobs they would like to have in the future. We believe boys’ choices are different from girls’. To find out how different their choices are, we did a survey (调查) in New Hope School. The diagram (图表) shows the results of the survey. 1. About 45% of the girls would like to be ______ in the future. A．bank clerks B．reporters C．scientists D．teachers 2. About ______ of the boys want to be bank clerks. A．5% B．15% C．28% D．38% 3. What does the writer make the diagram for? A．To help students find better jobs. B．To show how different boys’ and girls’ choices about jobs are. C．To make students know how to live in the future. D．To help students make more money. B （24-25八年级上·湖北鄂州·期末）“Am I an ‘I’ person or an ‘E’ person?” It is a popular topic among young people around China today. Many people are crazy about it so that they take a personality (性格) test named Myers-Briggs test to find out the answer. Many people find the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Test Indicator) useful. It groups people into 16 types, which start with the letter “I” or “E”, such as “ENTJ”, “INFP”, or more. “E” is short for “Extroversion” while “I” is for “Introversion”. “I’ m an ‘E’ person, I should go to the party and make more friends.” “I’m an ‘I’ person. I’ d like to work by myself. I could be a writer in the future.” They believe different types can help them make decisions for activities, jobs, or even life choices more quickly. But there are also problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. Some people find it hard to answer some questions. “I like watching TV by myself. But I also enjoy playing with friends. Am I an ‘I’ or an ‘E’？” When you take a personality test, you may think, “Oh, that’s me.” That’ s because the descriptions (描述) are generic. They can be used to describe many people. Research has found that the over 50% of people got a different point when they retook the MBTI just five weeks later. Personalities can change with time, and they are not black-or-white, scientists say. You may be introverted now but become extroverted when you get older. Or, you can be both an “I” and an “E”. Don’t label yourself! Studies have also shown that the test is not real at telling people’s success in different jobs. So, don’t take it too seriously. 1. MBTI is a test ________. A．without a hot topic B．with the same answer C．for your personality type D．about young people in China 2. According to paragraph two, if you are an “E” person, you may ________. A．like to cook meals at home on weekends B．like to read books in the library on vacation C．like to watch movies with a pet dog on Friday night D．like to celebrate different festivals with different people 3. What does the underlined word “generic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Usual. B．Clear. C．Special. D．Fantastic. 4. What is the problem of the MBTI according to the writer in Paragraph Three? A．People don’t believe different types can help them make decisions. B．Some questions are hard for people to answer. C．Personalities can change with time, but the result never changes. D．Many people are crazy about the MBTI. 5. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show us what MBTI is. B．To tell whether MBTI is useful. C．To tell us how people use MBTL. D．To show how many people use MBTI. 四、短文填空 （24-25八年级上·宁夏银川·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (每空一词) Paul, Tina, Amy were asked to write about their favorite persons. Paul wrote about his aunt. Paul’s aunt is short with blond hair, Paul’s aunt is talented 1 music and she often sings to her family. She likes travelling. She always surprises Paul with special 2 (gift) from different countries. Two years ago, she went to America and Paul really 3 (miss) her now. Tina wrote about her best friend—Alice. Everyone wants 4 true friend. Alice is such a friend to Tina. Alice is 5 (difference) from Tina. She is 6 (short) than Tina. She is outgoing 7 Tina is shy. When they are free, they often play table tennis together. Tina hopes they will always 8 (be) friends. Amy wrote about her 9 (China) teacher, Mr. Gao. He is tall and a little heavy. His classes are always interesting, because he uses lots of games. Mr. Gao is strict in his students’ studies, but he always encourages 10 (they) a lot. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$新八年级衔接讲义 第3课 Unit 3 Same or Different? 暑假预习（人教版2024） 内 容 提 要 知识速览 思维导图，感知单元知识点 基础讲练 讲练结合，基础知识全梳理 重点突破 突破重难点，提升能力 真题演练 感受真题，增强自信心 考点一：重点单词 （一）核心动词 1. compare [kəmˈpeə(r)] v. 比较；对比 o 用法： o compare...with...（把…… 与…… 相比） o compare to（与…… 比较） o 例句：Compare your answer with the model.（把你的答案和范文对比。） o 拓展：comparison n. 比较 2. perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演；执行 o 用法：后接表演、任务等，如 “perform a play”（表演戏剧）。 o 例句：She will perform at the music festival.（她将在音乐节上表演。） o 拓展：performance n. 表现；performer n. 表演者 3. solve [sɒlv] v. 解决；解答 o 用法：后接问题、困难，如 “solve a problem”（解决问题），相当于 “work out”。 o 例句：Can you help me solve this math problem?（你能帮我解答这道数学题吗？） o 拓展：solution n. 解决方案 4. attend [əˈtend] v. 参加；出席 o 用法：后接会议、婚礼等，如 “attend a meeting”（参加会议）。 o 例句：My father will attend the parents' meeting.（我父亲将参加家长会。） o 辨析：join（加入组织）；take part in（参与活动） 5. reach [riːtʃ] v. 伸手；达到 o 用法： o reach for（伸手触碰） o reach + 地点（到达某地） o 例句：She reached for the book on the shelf.（她伸手去拿书架上的书。） （二）核心形容词 1. shy [ʃaɪ] adj. 害羞的 o 用法：作表语或定语，如 “a shy girl”（害羞的女孩）。 o 例句：She is shy around strangers.（她在陌生人面前很害羞。） o 拓展：shyness n. 害羞 2. outgoing [ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj. 外向的 o 用法：形容性格，如 “an outgoing person”（外向的人）。 o 例句：He is more outgoing than his brother.（他比弟弟更外向。） 3. serious [ˈsɪəriəs] adj. 严肃的；严重的 o 用法： o be serious about（对…… 认真） o a serious problem（严重的问题） o 例句：He is serious about his work.（他对工作很认真。） o 拓展：seriously adv. 严重地 （三）核心名词 1. pleasure [ˈpleʒə(r)] n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 o 用法： o It's a pleasure to do sth.（做某事很荣幸） o with pleasure（乐意地） o 例句：It's a pleasure to meet you.（见到你很高兴。） o 拓展：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 2. prize [praɪz] n. 奖；奖励 o 用法：“win the first prize”（获一等奖）。 o 例句：They won the first prize in the competition.（他们在比赛中获一等奖。） 3. population [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] n. 人口 o 用法： o 形容人口多用 “large/big”，少用 “small” o What's the population of...?（…… 的人口是多少？） o 例句：The population of China is over 1.4 billion.（中国人口超过 14 亿。） （四）兼类词 1. besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] prep. 除…… 之外；adv. 而且 o 用法： o besides + 名词 / 动名词（除…… 之外还有） o 例：Besides math, I like physics.（除数学外，我还喜欢物理。） o 辨析：except（除…… 之外，不包括） 2. alike [əˈlaɪk] adj. 相像的；adv. 相似地 o 用法： o be alike（相似），作表语 o 例：The two sisters look alike.（这对姐妹长得很像。） 对点练习题（单词部分） 1. She is too ______ to speak in front of others. A. shy B. outgoing C. serious 答案：A 解析：shy “害羞的” 符合 “不敢在人前讲话” 的语境；outgoing “外向的”、serious “严肃的” 不符合。 2. Can you help me ______ this difficult problem? A. compare B. solve C. attend 答案：B 解析：solve “解决” 与 “problem” 搭配；compare “比较”、attend “参加” 不匹配。 3. The ______ of Shanghai is larger than that of many cities. A. prize B. pleasure C. population 答案：C 解析：population “人口” 符合 “城市人口对比”；prize “奖品”、pleasure “愉快” 无关。 4. ______ singing, she also likes dancing. A. Besides B. Except C. Beside 答案：A 解析：besides“除…… 之外还有”，符合 “既喜欢唱歌又喜欢跳舞”；except “排除在外”，beside “在旁边”。 5. The twin brothers look very ______. A. alike B. different C. outgoing 答案：A 解析：alike “相像的” 符合 “双胞胎” 特征；different “不同的”、outgoing “外向的” 不符合。 考点二：重点短语 1. be different from 与…… 不同 o 用法：后接名词 / 代词，如 “be different from the past”（与过去不同）。 o 例句：My schoolbag is different from yours.（我的书包和你的不同。） 2. be afraid of 害怕 o 用法：后接名词 / 动名词，如 “be afraid of snakes”（害怕蛇）。 o 例句：He is afraid of speaking in public.（他害怕当众讲话。） 3. win the first prize 赢得一等奖 o 用法：后接比赛、活动，如 “win the first prize in a competition”。 o 例句：She won the first prize in the singing contest.（她在歌唱比赛中获一等奖。） 4. take part in 参加 o 用法：后接活动，如 “take part in a festival”（参加节日活动）。 o 例句：I took part in the school sports meeting.（我参加了学校运动会。） 5. as...as... 和…… 一样 o 用法： o 肯定式：A + as + 原级 + as + B o 否定式：A + not as/so + 原级 + as + B o 例句：Your bag is as heavy as mine.（你的包和我的一样重。） 6. thanks to 归功于；由于 o 用法：后接名词 / 代词，表积极原因，如 “thanks to your help”。 o 例句：Thanks to her, I passed the exam.（多亏了她，我通过了考试。） 7. because of 因为 o 用法：后接名词 / 动名词，如 “because of the rain”（因为下雨）。 o 例句：We didn’t go out because of the bad weather.（因为天气差，我们没出门。） 8. have...in common 有…… 共同之处 o 用法：如 “have similar hobbies in common”（有相似爱好）。 o 例句：They have a lot in common.（他们有很多共同点。） 9. care about 关心 o 用法：后接人 / 事，如 “care about your health”（关心你的健康）。 o 例句：He doesn’t care about what others think.（他不在乎别人怎么想。） 10. learn from each other 互相学习 o 用法：强调双向学习，如 “students learn from each other”（学生互相学习）。 对点练习题（短语部分） 1. My lifestyle is quite ______ hers. A. different from B. afraid of C. thanks to 答案：A 解析：be different from“与…… 不同” 符合 “生活方式对比”；afraid of “害怕”、thanks to “多亏” 无关。 2. She is ______ making mistakes in the exam. A. taking part in B. afraid of C. caring about 答案：B 解析：be afraid of “害怕” 后接动名词，符合 “害怕犯错”；take part in “参加”、care about “关心” 不匹配。 3. ______ your help, I finished the work on time. A. Because of B. Thanks to C. As...as... 答案：B 解析：thanks to “多亏” 表积极原因，符合语境；because of “因为” 较中性，as...as“和…… 一样” 无关。 4. Do you and your sister ______ anything ______? A. learn; from B. care; about C. have; in common 答案：C 解析：have...in common “有共同之处” 符合问句语境；care about “关心”、learn from“向…… 学习” 不符合。 5. He runs ______ his brother. A. as fast as B. because of C. thanks to 答案：A 解析：as...as“和…… 一样” 接副词原级，修饰 “runs”；because of 和 thanks to 后不接句子。 考点三：重点语句 1. How are we different from each other?（我们有什么不同？） o 解析：be different from“与…… 不同”，用于询问差异。 o 拓展：反义词组 the same as（与…… 相同）。 2. Chen Jie is afraid of performing alone.（陈杰害怕独自表演。） o 解析： o be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事） o alone “独自”，强调客观状态。 3. I’m not as outgoing as you.（我不像你那样外向。） o 解析： o 否定式：not as/so + 原级 + as（不如……） o 同义转换：I’m less outgoing than you. 4. They solve the problem by playing together.（他们通过一起玩耍解决了问题。） o 解析： o by doing sth.（通过做某事）表方式 o solve “解决” 后接问题类名词。 5. They won the first prize in the school music festival.（他们在学校音乐节上获得了一等奖。） o 解析： o win + 奖项 / 比赛，beat + 对手 o “in the music festival” 表范围。 6. Congratulations on winning the prize at the school music festival!（祝贺你在学校音乐节上获奖！） o 解析： o congratulations on sth.（祝贺某事） o win the prize “获奖”，固定搭配。 7. Besides singing, how do you both spend your spare time?（除了唱歌，你们俩如何度过业余时间？） o 解析： o besides“除…… 之外还有”，包括唱歌 o spare time “业余时间”，同义 free time。 8. The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022.（2022 年芝加哥的人口比广州多。） o 解析： o population 用 large/big 修饰 o that 指代 the population，避免重复。 9. Because of that, I try harder when I practice, and now I’m getting better at badminton.（正因为如此，我练习时更加努力，现在我的羽毛球打得更好了。） o 解析： o because of 后接名词 / 代词 o get better at“在…… 变得更好”，即 improve。 10. Now I think meeting new people is really fun.（现在我觉得结识新朋友真的很有趣。） o 解析： o meeting new people 动名词作主语 o think + 宾语从句，表观点。 对点练习题（语句部分） 1. 翻译：她害怕在公众面前讲话。 ___________________________________________________________ 答案：She is afraid of speaking in public. 解析：be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，in public “当众”。 2. 完成句子：他的房间不如我的大。 His room is ______ ______ ______ ______ mine. 答案：not as big as 解析：not as + 原级 + as“不如……”，修饰房间大小用 big。 3. 改错：They won the opponent in the basketball match. _______________________________________________________________ 答案：won → beat（They beat the opponent in the basketball match.） 解析：beat + 对手，win + 比赛 / 奖项。 4. 翻译：除了英语，他还学法语。 ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Besides English, he also learns French. 解析：besides“除…… 之外还有”，包括英语。 5. 完成句子：中国人口比美国多。 The population of China is ______ ______ ______ of America. 答案：larger than that 解析：population 用 larger 修饰，that 指代 the population。 一、形容词 / 副词比较级核心用法 1. 结构构成： o 规则变化：+er（taller）、多音节词 + more（more interesting） o 不规则变化：good→better，bad→worse 2. 关键句型： o A + 比较级 + than + B（He is taller than me.） o 比较级 + and + 比较级（越来越……） 3. 特殊用法： o the + 比较级，the + 比较级（越…… 越……） o 比较级中用 that/those 代替前文名词（The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.） 二、as...as... 与 not as/so...as... 结构 1. 肯定式：A + as + 原级 + as + B（和…… 一样） o 例：Your bag is as heavy as mine. 2. 否定式：A + not as/so + 原级 + as + B（不如……） o 例：He doesn’t run so fast as his friend. 3. 同义转换： o A not as...as B = A less...than B = B more...than A o 例：He isn’t as tall as me. = He is shorter than me. 三、win/beat/lose 辨析 动词 宾语类型 例句 win 比赛 / 奖项（game/prize） They won the first prize. beat 竞争对手（opponent） She beat all other competitors. lose 比赛 / 战斗（match/battle） They lost the basketball game. 注意：win 不可接人，beat 后不接比赛名称。 四、because 与 because of 区别 1. 词性差异： o because（连词）+ 句子（We didn’t go out because it rained.） o because of（介词短语）+ 名词 / 动名词（We didn’t go out because of the rain.） 2. 同义转换： o because of sth. = due to sth. = owing to sth. 3. 语境应用： o 回答 why 用 because（Why didn’t you come? Because I was ill.） o 后接短语用 because of（He failed because of his carelessness.） 一、语法选择 （24-25八年级上·重庆·期末）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 It was 1 cool early morning in winter. I was excited about starting my morning walk. Every day I told 2 that I should start “walking exercise” although it never 3 . But that day was different because I took my 4 step outside. I got everything ready and I felt I was going to do some short trips! Then I started 5 on the lonely road. It was much 6 than the day before but I enjoyed the fresh air. Maybe that day I was the only one who was walking on the road at that time. Maybe I came too early 7 I loved it. I saw the green trees on both sides. To my 8 , it was so quiet all around except (除了) the sound of some little birds in the trees. Small drops of water shone on the leaves, and the air was fresh. I saw a rabbit playing in the grass, and bright flowers along the way. 9 I saw made me have a feeling of peace. As the sky shone with red light on that day, I left the place and ended my wonderful trip. From then on, I kept walking 10 the morning every day. It not only keeps me fit but also brings joy and peace to my life! 1．A．an B．a C．the 2．A．me B．my C．myself 3．A．happens B．is happening C．happened 4．A．first B．the one C．last 5．A．walked B．walking C．walk 6．A．colder B．cold C．coldest 7．A．so B．but C．because 8．A．surprise B．surprising C．surprised 9．A．Everything B．Anything C．Something 10．A．on B．at C．in 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者早上步行锻炼时的所见所闻。 1．句意：那是一个凉爽的冬日清晨。 an一个，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表特指。空处位于以辅音音素开头的可数名词morning前，表示泛指，用a。故选B。 2．句意：我每天都告诉自己应该开始“步行锻炼”，尽管从未发生过。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据“Every day I told”可知，此处指我告诉我自己。用反身代词作宾语。故选C。 3．句意：我每天都告诉自己应该开始“步行锻炼”，尽管从未发生过。 happens发生，动词三单形式；is happening正在发生，现在进行时结构；happened发生，动词过去式。没有进行步行锻炼这个动作发生在过去，此处要填动词过去式。故选C。 4．句意：但那一天不同，因为我迈出了走出家门的第一步。 first首次的；the one这一个；last最后的。根据“it never happened”可知，今天是第一次，表示顺序要用序数词first。故选A。 5．句意：然后我开始走在孤独的路上。 walked走路，动词过去式；walking走路，动词ing形式；walk走路，动词原形。start doing sth“开始做某事”。空处填动词ing形式。故选B。 6．句意：天气比前一天更冷了，但我很享受新鲜的空气。 colder更冷的，形容词比较级；cold冷的，形容词原级；coldest最冷的；形容词最高级。空处位于much后than前，修饰天气，填形容词比较级。故选A。 7．句意：也许我来得太早了，但我很喜欢步行锻炼。 so所以，表结果；but但是，表转折；because因为，表原因。分析前后两句可知，前后构成转折关系，虽然来得太早，但是很喜欢。故选B。 8．句意：令我惊讶的是，周围非常安静，除了树上一些小鸟的叫声。 surprise惊讶，名词；surprising令人惊讶的，形容词；surprised惊讶的，形容词。to one’s +名词“使某人……的是”。空处填名词。故选A。 9．句意：所见的一切都让我感到平静。 Everything一切；Anything任何事情，常用于否定句；Something某事。根据“I loved it.”和“made me have a feeling of peace”可知，作者很喜欢这次锻炼，所有的一切都能让作者感到平静。故选A。 10．句意：从此以后，我每天早上都坚持散步。 on在……，后接具体的某一天；at在……，后接时刻；in在……，后接年、月、季节等。in the morning“在早上”。故选C。 二、完形填空 （24-25八年级上·天津·期末）In high school, I was younger than most of my friends. Usually it didn’t 1 . But turning 16 was different. One by one, my friends 2 their birthdays by getting a learner’s permit (许可) to drive. Meanwhile I was still stuck (受困) in the passenger seat of my mom’s car. The 3 for getting a driver’s license is different in the US. In my state, Massachusetts, we can get a learner’s permit 4 our 16th birthday. Then we must wait six months before getting a driver’s license. Driving culture in the US is big, so getting a driver’s license is 5 for many teenagers. It means freedom, independence and control. I signed up for a driver’s education class. I also 6 driving lessons on the roads around my town. My instructor was a serious woman who never said 7 to me besides: “Put on your turn signal (转向灯). Turn left. Check your mirrors.” After six months, I was feeling pretty good about my driving 8 . I knew how to drive on highways, at night and in the snow. Still, on the day of my driver’s test, I was nervous. 9 I got into the car, I saw that the person giving me the test was a big, tough-looking man. “I’m not going to be easy on you,” he said. “Let’s go!” I took a deep breath and turned on the engine. I 10 the test that day, and have been driving ever since. 1. A．work B．matter C．help D．last 2. A．planned B．introduced C．remembered D．celebrated 3. A．age B．rule C．place D．need 4. A．in B．at C．on D．with 5. A．difficult B．dangerous C．important D．surprising 6. A．taught B．took C．prepared D．gave 7. A．something B．many C．nothing D．much 8. A．teacher B．lessons C．skills D．license 9. A．When B．Unless C．If D．Although 10. A．passed B．failed C．changed D．missed 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. A 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者考取驾照的经历。 1. 句意：通常这并不重要。 work工作；matter要紧；help帮助；last持续。根据上下文，作者比朋友小，但通常这并不重要，故选B。 2. 句意：一个接一个，我的朋友们通过获得学习驾照来庆祝他们的生日。 planned计划；introduced介绍；remembered记得；celebrated庆祝。根据下文提到的“getting a learner’s permit”，可知是通过获得学习驾照来庆祝生日，故选D。 3. 句意：在美国，获得驾照的规定是不同的。 age年龄；rule规则；place地方；need需要。根据下文提到的“we can get a learner’s permit…our 16th birthday”，可知是指获得驾照的规定，故选B。 4. 句意：在我们16岁生日那天，我们可以获得学习驾照。 in后接某年某月某季节；at后接具体时刻；on后接具体一天；with和。根据“on our 16th birthday”可知是在生日那天，故选C。 5. 句意：获得驾照对许多青少年来说是重要的。 difficult困难的；dangerous危险的；important重要的；surprising惊讶的。根据下文提到的“It means freedom, independence and control.”可知，获得驾照对青少年来说是重要的，故选C。 6. 句意：我还在我镇周围的道路上上了驾驶课。 taught教；took授课；prepared准备；gave给。根据“driving lessons”可知是上驾驶课，故选B。 7. 句意：我的教练除了“打开转向灯。左转。检查你的镜子。”之外，没对我说过什么。 something某物；many许多；nothing没什么；much许多。根据“never said”可知是没说过什么，故选D。 8. 句意：六个月后，我对自己的驾驶技能感觉很好。 teacher老师；lessons课程；skills技能；license执照。根据“I knew how to drive on highways, at night and in the snow”可知是对驾驶技能感觉好，故选C。 9. 句意：当我上车时，我看到给我测试的人是一个看起来很强硬的男人。 When当……时；Unless除非；If如果；Although尽管。根据“got into the car”可知是当我上车时，故选A。 10. 句意：那天我通过了测试，从那以后一直在开车。 passed通过；failed失败；changed改变；missed错过。根据“have been driving ever since”可知是通过了测试，故选A。 三、阅读理解 A （24-25八年级上·陕西咸阳·期末）Many students have clear ideas about what jobs they would like to have in the future. We believe boys’ choices are different from girls’. To find out how different their choices are, we did a survey (调查) in New Hope School. The diagram (图表) shows the results of the survey. 1. About 45% of the girls would like to be ______ in the future. A．bank clerks B．reporters C．scientists D．teachers 2. About ______ of the boys want to be bank clerks. A．5% B．15% C．28% D．38% 3. What does the writer make the diagram for? A．To help students find better jobs. B．To show how different boys’ and girls’ choices about jobs are. C．To make students know how to live in the future. D．To help students make more money. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了男孩和女孩在未来职业选择上存在的不同之处。 1. 细节理解题。根据图表可知，在教师这一柱形的展示中，女孩们最喜欢教师职业的比率达到45%。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据图表可知，在银行职员这一柱形的展示中，男孩们想要成为银行职员的比率达到28%。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文中“We believe boys’ choices are different from girls’. To find out how different their choices are, we did a survey in New Hope School.”可知，作者制作图表的目的是为了展示男孩和女孩对工作的选择的不同之处。故选B。 B （24-25八年级上·湖北鄂州·期末）“Am I an ‘I’ person or an ‘E’ person?” It is a popular topic among young people around China today. Many people are crazy about it so that they take a personality (性格) test named Myers-Briggs test to find out the answer. Many people find the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Test Indicator) useful. It groups people into 16 types, which start with the letter “I” or “E”, such as “ENTJ”, “INFP”, or more. “E” is short for “Extroversion” while “I” is for “Introversion”. “I’ m an ‘E’ person, I should go to the party and make more friends.” “I’m an ‘I’ person. I’ d like to work by myself. I could be a writer in the future.” They believe different types can help them make decisions for activities, jobs, or even life choices more quickly. But there are also problems. Some people take the test for a second time and get different results. Some people find it hard to answer some questions. “I like watching TV by myself. But I also enjoy playing with friends. Am I an ‘I’ or an ‘E’？” When you take a personality test, you may think, “Oh, that’s me.” That’ s because the descriptions (描述) are generic. They can be used to describe many people. Research has found that the over 50% of people got a different point when they retook the MBTI just five weeks later. Personalities can change with time, and they are not black-or-white, scientists say. You may be introverted now but become extroverted when you get older. Or, you can be both an “I” and an “E”. Don’t label yourself! Studies have also shown that the test is not real at telling people’s success in different jobs. So, don’t take it too seriously. 1. MBTI is a test ________. A．without a hot topic B．with the same answer C．for your personality type D．about young people in China 2. According to paragraph two, if you are an “E” person, you may ________. A．like to cook meals at home on weekends B．like to read books in the library on vacation C．like to watch movies with a pet dog on Friday night D．like to celebrate different festivals with different people 3. What does the underlined word “generic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Usual. B．Clear. C．Special. D．Fantastic. 4. What is the problem of the MBTI according to the writer in Paragraph Three? A．People don’t believe different types can help them make decisions. B．Some questions are hard for people to answer. C．Personalities can change with time, but the result never changes. D．Many people are crazy about the MBTI. 5. Why does the writer write the passage? A．To show us what MBTI is. B．To tell whether MBTI is useful. C．To tell us how people use MBTL. D．To show how many people use MBTI. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了MBTI性格测试及其争议性。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Many people are crazy about it so that they take a personality (性格) test named Myers-Briggs test to find out the answer.”可知，MBTI是一项性格测试，也就是找到你的性格类型。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“ I’m an ‘E’ person, I should go to the party and make more friends.”可知，E人是应该去派对并且交更多的朋友的一类人，选项D“喜欢和不同的人一起庆祝不同的节日”符合。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“They can be used to describe many people.”可知，可以描述很多人，即描述是通用的，因此generic的意思是通用的。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Some people find it hard to answer some questions.”可知，有些问题对人们来说很难回答。故选B。 5. 推理判断题。根据“You may be introverted now but become extroverted when you get older. Or, you can be both an ‘I’ and an ‘E’. Don’t label yourself! Studies have also shown that the test is not real at telling people’s success in different jobs. So, don’t take it too seriously.”可以推测，作者主要是为了说明这个测试是否有用。故选B。 四、短文填空 （24-25八年级上·宁夏银川·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (每空一词) Paul, Tina, Amy were asked to write about their favorite persons. Paul wrote about his aunt. Paul’s aunt is short with blond hair, Paul’s aunt is talented 1 music and she often sings to her family. She likes travelling. She always surprises Paul with special 2 (gift) from different countries. Two years ago, she went to America and Paul really 3 (miss) her now. Tina wrote about her best friend—Alice. Everyone wants 4 true friend. Alice is such a friend to Tina. Alice is 5 (difference) from Tina. She is 6 (short) than Tina. She is outgoing 7 Tina is shy. When they are free, they often play table tennis together. Tina hopes they will always 8 (be) friends. Amy wrote about her 9 (China) teacher, Mr. Gao. He is tall and a little heavy. His classes are always interesting, because he uses lots of games. Mr. Gao is strict in his students’ studies, but he always encourages 10 (they) a lot. 【答案】 1. in 2. gifts 3. misses 4. a 5. different 6. shorter 7. but 8. be 9. Chinese 10. them 【导语】本文主要介绍了保罗、蒂娜、艾米写下的他们最喜欢的人。 1. 句意：保罗的阿姨身材矮小，有一头金发，保罗的阿姨很有音乐天赋，她经常给家人唱歌。be talented in意为“在某方面有天赋”，故填in。 2. 句意：她总是用来自不同国家的特别礼物给保罗带来惊喜。根据“from different countries”可知，这里指来自不同国家的礼物，所以此处应用复数形式，故填gifts。 3. 句意：两年前，她去了美国，保罗现在非常想念她。根据now可知，后半句为一般现在时，主语为Paul，谓语动词用单三形式，故填misses。 4. 句意：每个人都想要一个真正的朋友。此处表泛指，指一个真正的朋友，true以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。 5. 句意：爱丽丝与蒂娜不同。be different from意为“和……不同”，故填different。 6. 句意：她比蒂娜矮。句中than前应用形容词short的比较级shorter，在句中作表语，故填shorter。 7. 句意：她很外向，但蒂娜很害羞。前后句表示转折，应用转折连词but连接，故填but。 8. 句意：蒂娜希望他们永远是朋友。该句为一般将来时，助动词will后跟动词原形，故填be。 9. 句意：艾米写到了她的语文老师，高老师。此处修饰名词应用China的形容词Chinese，意为“中国的”，故填Chinese。 10. 句意：高老师对学生的学习要求严格，但也总是给予他们很多鼓励。动词后应用人称代词they的宾格them，故填them。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$