Unit 1 Could you please clean your room？ 情态动词could（单元核心语法精练）英语鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

Unit 1 Could you please clean your room? 核心语法精练（情态动词could用法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型 语法填空 6 Could 用法 ►►►一、基本概念 1.含义:“能够 ，可能”；是can的过去式，比can更委婉; 2.不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。 ►►►二、用法 1.用于委婉提出要求或请求Ask for permission 2.用于征求许可Make polite requests 3.could其他用法 4.could和can 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级上·山东泰安·期中）—Could you please ________ the window? I feel a little cold. —OK. A．not open B．not to open C．not to close 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能别打开窗户吗？我有点冷。——好的。 考查动词辨析和情态动词用法。open打开；close关。根据“I feel a little cold.”可知，说话人感到有点冷，所以请求对方不要打开窗户，其中情态动词could后接动词原形，否定形式在动词原形前加not，此处用could you please not do sth？表示“你能不做某事吗？”故选A。 2．（23-24八年级下·山东菏泽·期中）—Mum, ________ I go shopping with you? —Yes, you ________. But you have to finish your homework first. A．could; can B．could; could C．must; can D．must; could 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我可以和你一起去购物吗？——是的，你可以。但是你必须先完成你的家庭作业。 考查情态动词。could可以，表示委婉语气；can可以；must必须。根据“I go shopping with you”可知此处是请求许可，排除CD；could表示委婉语气时，回答用can。故选A。 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work. A．Could B．Must C．Might D．Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能把电视音量调低吗？我正在工作。 考查情态动词。Could可以；Must必须；Might可能；Should应该。根据“...you turn down the TV, please?”可知，此处表示请求，应用could。故选A。 4．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six. A．must B．could C．need D．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个可爱的男孩在6岁时就会骑自行车了。 考查动词辨析。must必须；could可以；need需要；should应该。根据“at the age of six”可知该句应用情态动词could表示“过去的能力”。故选B。 5．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash? —Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now. A．couldn’t, am doing B．can’t, am doing C．can’t, do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克，你能帮我倒垃圾吗？——对不起，我不能，妈妈。我现在正在做作业。 考查情态动词及动词时态。对“could you please…”的肯定回答是Yes, I can，否定回答是Sorry, I can’t。根据“now”可知，“我”现在正在做作业，应为现在进行时。故选B。 6．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs? —Sure, no problem. A．could B．need C．should D．might 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——威尔逊，你能帮我把箱子搬上楼吗？——好的，没问题。 考查动词辨析。could能；need需要；should应该；might可以。根据“Sure, no problem.”可知，此处是寻求对方帮助，应使用委婉语气，用could。故选A。 7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you like poems? —Yes. I ________ read poems when I was 5. A．must B．can C．could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢诗歌吗？——是的。我五岁的时候就可以读诗了。 考查情态动词。must必须；can能；could能够。根据“ I...read poems when I was 5.”可知是指五岁时就有读诗的能力，且用过去式，故选C。 8．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）—Excuse me. _______ I sit here? —You’d better not. It’s the man’s seat. A．Must B．Need C．Could D．Should 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下。我可以坐在这吗？——你最好不要。这是那个男人的座位。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须；need需要；could可以；should应该。根据“I sit here”可知，这是表示请求允许的一句话，此空应填could，故选C。 9．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an. A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在唐朝，在长安的街道上几乎可以找到世界上所有的东西。 考查时态和语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是动宾关系，此处表示能够被找到，结合“During the Tang dynasty”可知用过去式could表示“能够”，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，用could be found。故选D。 10．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）The clever boy ________ recite so many poems when he was three. A．might B．would C．could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个聪明的男孩三岁时就能背诵很多首诗。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；would将；could能够。根据“The clever boy … recite so many poems”可知，在小的时候就能背许多诗，表示过去的能力用could。故选C。 二、完成句子 1．（24-25八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）这个星期天你能和我一起去公园吗，莎莉？ with me this Sunday, Sally? 【答案】Could you go to the park/Can you go to the park 【详解】根据汉语提示可知此句为一般疑问句。“能”的英语为“can/could”，在一般疑问句中放在句首且首字母大写，后加动词原形；主语为“you”，谓语为“go to the prak”。故填Could/Can you go to the park。 2．（23-24七年级上·山东烟台·期中）我是如此害怕以至于不能动。 I was scared I . 【答案】 so that couldn’t move 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“那么……以至于不能动”。so ... that ... 表示“如此……以至于……”；can’t表示“不能”；move表示“移动”。由was可知，此句为一般过去时，因此can’t应该用过去式couldn’t，情态动词后要用动词原形move。故填so；that；couldn’t；move。 3． （23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期中）你可以把垃圾倒出去吗？ （could/take）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you please take out the rubbish? 【详解】Could you please do sth.?为固定句型，意为“你可以做某事吗”，表示委婉的请求，could为情态动词，其后的谓语动词用原形。“take out the rubbish”意为“倒垃圾”，故填Could you please take out the rubbish? 4．（2024·山东潍坊·三模）你能告诉我明天的运动会几点开始吗？(could) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you tell me when the sports meeting will start tomorrow? 【详解】分析中文可知，此处表示请求，可用句型：Could you+动词原形+其他？告诉：tell；我：me（此处作宾语，所以用宾格）；明天：tomorrow；运动会：the sports meeting；几点：when；开始：start。此译句中包含以when引导的宾语从句，宾语从句应采用陈述语序，根据“明天”可知，从句时态是一般将来时，结构是：will+动词原形。故填Could you tell me when the sports meeting will start tomorrow? 15．you, can, come, I, to, your house, and, the NBA game, watch, with, (?) ? 【答案】Can I come to your house and watch the NBA game with you 【详解】根据所给标点可知，句子是疑问句。分析单词，I作主语；come to your house“到你家”，watch the NBA game“看NBA比赛”，两个动词先后发生，中间用and连接；with you“和你一起”，作状语；疑问句中情态动词can提至主语前。故填Can I come to your house and watch the NBA game with you“我可以到你家和你一起看NBA比赛吗”。 题型 语法填空 （1）（2025·山东烟台·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Zhaopeng, an 18-year-old medical student from Shandong City Service Technician College in Yantai, faced a life-or-death test on Saturday — not in an exam hall, 1 in the backseat of a taxi. May 10th, 2025 is the first day of this year’s spring college entrance exam. At about 8:10 a.m., Jiang 2 (head) to the testing place with his classmate in a taxi when suddenly Jiang’s classmate fell down, showing signs of a heart attack. “I thought he was just tired at first,” Jiang said. “But then I realized he was in a 3 (danger) condition, because he seemed to stop breathing.” Depending on first aid 4 (skill) learned in school, Jiang took action at once. He 5 (lay) his classmate flat in the backseat of the taxi and began performing CPR (心肺复苏). At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive 6 (quick) to the hospital. Only after making sure his classmate was under professional care did Jiang rush to take the exam, but it was too late 7 (take) the 9 a.m. Chinese language test. Although this was 8 important chance to continue higher education, he said he had no regrets about his 9 (decide). “Exams can be retaken, but a life cannot,” he said. Jiang’s story drew widespread praise from all over the country. Four days later, a make-up exam 10 (organize) for Jiang. Jiang and Wang have received official praise and have also been recommended as candidates (候选人) for the “China Good Person List” for the second quarter of 2025. 【答案】1．but 2．was heading 3．dangerous 4．skills 5．laid 6．quickly 7．to take 8．an 9．decision 10．was organized 【导语】本文讲述了一个叫蒋兆鹏（音译）的学生在去考试的路上救助同学的故事。 1．句意：上周六，来自烟台山东城市服务技术学院的18岁医学生蒋兆鹏面临着一场生死攸关的考试——不是在考场，而是在出租车的后座上。本题考查not...but“不是……而是”。故填but。 2．句意：上午8点10分左右，蒋和他的同学乘出租车前往考场，突然他的同学摔倒了，有心脏病发作的迹象。根据“At about 8:10 a.m.”可知，此处描述的是过去某一时刻正在做的事情，要用过去进行时：was/were doing，主语是Jiang，be动词要用was。故填was heading。 3．句意：但后来我意识到他的情况很危险，因为他似乎停止了呼吸。根据“But then I realized he was in a...condition”可知，此处要用danger“危险”的形容词dangerous“危险的”作定语修饰condition。故填dangerous。 4．句意：凭借在学校学到的急救技能，蒋立即采取了行动。根据“Depending on first aid...learned in school”可知，此处泛指急救技能，要用可数名词skill“技能”的复数形式。故填skills。 5．句意：他把他的同学平放在出租车后座上，开始给他做心肺复苏。根据“Jiang took action at once.”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，动词lay“放平”要用过去式。故填laid。 6．句意：与此同时，蒋让司机王涛（音译）赶紧把车开到医院。根据“At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive...to the hospital.”可知，此处要用quick“快的”的副词形式quickly“快速地”修饰动词drive。故填quickly。 7．句意：在确认他的同学得到专业护理后，蒋才赶去参加考试，但已经来不及参加上午9点的语文考试了。本题考查too...to“太……而不能”。故填to take。 8．句意：虽然这是一个继续接受高等教育的重要机会，但他说他对自己的决定并不后悔。此处泛指一个机会，important以元音音素开头，要用不定冠词an。故填an。 9．句意：虽然这是一个继续接受高等教育的重要机会，但他说他对自己的决定并不后悔。根据“he said he had no regrets about his...”可知，此处要用decide“决定”的名词形式decision作宾语。故填decision。 10．句意：四天后，学校为蒋组织了一次补考。本句时态为一般过去时，主语a make-up exam是动作的承受者，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was organized。 (2)（2025·山东济宁·三模） Kang Jian is a city-inheritor (继承人) of the dough sculpture (面塑) in Mohe, Heilongjiang province. He has shown 1 interest in art, especially dough sculpture since he was a child. While his parents 12 (make) dumplings, he would ask for a small piece of dough to make animals-a rabbit, a fish or a cat, Those small dough animals 3 (bring) him lots of good childhood memories. Kang didn’t learn art in college, His family was poor and his parents were not able 4 (afford) his art education. Kang left college in 2016. Then in 2018, he had the idea of taking his childhood interest up. He visited some famous artists and learned to make dough sculptures from them. His skills 5 (improve) a lot by them. As a fan of Chinese literature, Kang would like to make dough sculptures of Chinese 6 (hero), such as Sun Wukong and Guan Yu. When Kang is free, he often goes to schools to teach students to make dough sculptures. 【答案】1．an 2．were making 3．brought 4．to afford 5．were improved 6．heroes 【导语】本文主要讲述黑龙江漠河面塑城市传承人康健与面塑相关的经历，包括其童年对面塑的兴趣、大学及之后重拾兴趣学习面塑、以中国文学人物为题材创作及推广面塑的故事。 1．句意：他从小就对艺术，尤其是面塑表现出一种兴趣。根据“He has shown... he was a child.”可知，show an interest in...是常用搭配，表示“对……表现出兴趣”。故填an。 2．句意：当他的父母正在包饺子时，他会要一小块面来做动物——兔子、鱼或猫。根据“While his parents...a fish or a cat.”及提示词可知，此处是while引导的时间状语从句，常用进行时，结合主句he would ask是过去将来时，从句用过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词），主语parents是复数，助动词应用were，make的现在分词是making。故填were making。 3．句意：那些小面塑动物带来了他很多美好的童年回忆。根据“Those small dough...good childhood memories.”及提示词可知，此处是讲述过去的事，用一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。故填brought。 4．句意：他的家庭很穷，他的父母没有能力负担他的艺术教育。根据“his parents were not...left college in 2016.”及提示词可知，be able to do sth是常用搭配，表示“能够做某事”，to后接动词原形。故填to afford。 5．句意：他的技艺被他们提高了很多 。根据“His skills...a lot by them.”及提示词可知，skills和improve是被动关系，结合前文是过去的事，用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是“was/were + 过去分词”，主语His skills是复数，应用were，improve的过去分词是improved。故填were improved。 16．句意：作为中国文学的爱好者，康想制作中国英雄的面塑，比如孙悟空和关羽。根据“Kang would like to...Sun Wukong and Guan Yu.”及提示词可知，hero是可数名词，前面无表示单数的限定词，应用复数形式heroes。故填heroes。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Could you please clean your room? 核心语法精练（情态动词could用法） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型 语法填空 6 Could 用法 ►►►一、基本概念 1.含义:“_____________”；是___________的过去式，比_____________更委婉; 2.______（能/不能)作谓语，______(有/没有)人称和数的变化，后加____________。 ►►►二、用法 1. 用于委婉提出要求或请求Ask for permission 2. 用于征求许可Make polite requests 3. could其他用法 4.could和can 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级上·山东泰安·期中）—Could you please ________ the window? I feel a little cold. —OK. A．not open B．not to open C．not to close 2．（23-24八年级下·山东菏泽·期中）—Mum, ________ I go shopping with you? —Yes, you ________. But you have to finish your homework first. A．could; can B．could; could C．must; can D．must; could 3．（2025·甘肃白银·中考真题）________ you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work. A．Could B．Must C．Might D．Should 4．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six. A．must B．could C．need D．should 5．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash? —Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now. A．couldn’t, am doing B．can’t, am doing C．can’t, do 6．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs? —Sure, no problem. A．could B．need C．should D．might 7．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you like poems? —Yes. I ________ read poems when I was 5. A．must B．can C．could 8．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）—Excuse me. _______ I sit here? —You’d better not. It’s the man’s seat. A．Must B．Need C．Could D．Should 9．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an. A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found 10．（2022·湖北恩施·中考真题）The clever boy ________ recite so many poems when he was three. A．might B．would C．could 二、完成句子 1．（24-25八年级上·山东菏泽·期末）这个星期天你能和我一起去公园吗，莎莉？ with me this Sunday, Sally? 2．（23-24七年级上·山东烟台·期中）我是如此害怕以至于不能动。 I was scared I . 3． （23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期中）你可以把垃圾倒出去吗？ （could/take）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 4．（2024·山东潍坊·三模）你能告诉我明天的运动会几点开始吗？(could) __________________________________________________________ 15．you, can, come, I, to, your house, and, the NBA game, watch, with, (?)(连词成句) ? 题型 语法填空 （1）（2025·山东烟台·中考真题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Zhaopeng, an 18-year-old medical student from Shandong City Service Technician College in Yantai, faced a life-or-death test on Saturday — not in an exam hall, 1 in the backseat of a taxi. May 10th, 2025 is the first day of this year’s spring college entrance exam. At about 8:10 a.m., Jiang 2 (head) to the testing place with his classmate in a taxi when suddenly Jiang’s classmate fell down, showing signs of a heart attack. “I thought he was just tired at first,” Jiang said. “But then I realized he was in a 3 (danger) condition, because he seemed to stop breathing.” Depending on first aid 4 (skill) learned in school, Jiang took action at once. He 5 (lay) his classmate flat in the backseat of the taxi and began performing CPR (心肺复苏). At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive 6 (quick) to the hospital. Only after making sure his classmate was under professional care did Jiang rush to take the exam, but it was too late 7 (take) the 9 a.m. Chinese language test. Although this was 8 important chance to continue higher education, he said he had no regrets about his 9 (decide). “Exams can be retaken, but a life cannot,” he said. Jiang’s story drew widespread praise from all over the country. Four days later, a make-up exam 10 (organize) for Jiang. Jiang and Wang have received official praise and have also been recommended as candidates (候选人) for the “China Good Person List” for the second quarter of 2025. (2)（2025·山东济宁·三模） Kang Jian is a city-inheritor (继承人) of the dough sculpture (面塑) in Mohe, Heilongjiang province. He has shown 1 interest in art, especially dough sculpture since he was a child. While his parents 12 (make) dumplings, he would ask for a small piece of dough to make animals-a rabbit, a fish or a cat, Those small dough animals 3 (bring) him lots of good childhood memories. Kang didn’t learn art in college, His family was poor and his parents were not able 4 (afford) his art education. Kang left college in 2016. Then in 2018, he had the idea of taking his childhood interest up. He visited some famous artists and learned to make dough sculptures from them. His skills 5 (improve) a lot by them. As a fan of Chinese literature, Kang would like to make dough sculptures of Chinese 6 (hero), such as Sun Wukong and Guan Yu. When Kang is free, he often goes to schools to teach students to make dough sculptures. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$