专题12 Unit 6 When disaster strikes（Developing ideas）【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义（外研版2024）

专题12 Unit 6 When disaster strikes （Developing ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告 2.community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区 3.alarm [əˈlɑːrm]n.警报器 4.increase  [ɪnˈkriːs , ˈɪŋkriːs]v.增加；增大；提高 5.coast  [koʊst] n.海岸 6.tsunami  [tsuːˈnɑːmi] n.海啸 7.safety [ˈseɪfti] n.安全 8.net [net] n. 因特网 9.upcoming [ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ] adj. 即将来临的、即将发生的 10.operate  [ˈɑːpəreɪt] v.使用，操作 11.drawback  [ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 缺点，毛病 12.life-saving [ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ] adj. 挽救生命的，保命的 13.drone  [droʊn] n.无人遥控飞机 14.iron  [ˈaɪərn] n. 铁 15.fashion [ˈfæʃn] n.时尚 16.slim /slim/ adj. 苗条的，修长的 17.bleed  [bliːd] v.流血，出血 18.uncomfortable  [ʌnˈkʌmftəbl] adj.不舒服的 19.shadow  [ˈʃædoʊ] n.坏影响，阴影 20.herself [hɜːrˈself] pron. 她自己 21.torch  [tɔːrtʃ] n.火把；火炬 22.university  [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti] n.大学 23.courage [ˈkɜːrɪdʒ] n.勇气，胆量，勇敢 24.heroine  [ˈheroʊɪn] n. 女英雄 25.victim  [ˈvɪktɪm]n.(恶劣情况的)受害者；(疾病的)患者 ( 课文解析 ) 钢铁女孩 1 在2021年上海时装周上，一位年轻、苗条、自信的铁腿女性吸引了所有人的注意。名字叫牛羽。她在2008年汶川地震中失去了右腿。那时她只有11岁。 　　2 牛羽曾经是学校运动队的队员。她喜欢跑步。但这场灾难打破了她的梦想。她不得不靠假肢生活。这不舒服，她的腿经常流血。人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。她总是试图把腿藏在牛仔裤或裙子下面。 　　3 在家人和朋友的支持下，牛羽慢慢走出了阴影。2018年，就在她21岁生日之前。她决定停止隐藏她的腿。令她惊讶的是，她收到了很多鼓励的话语。她也在大约4小时内完成了半程马拉松。她完成了艰难的10年旅程再次找回自己。 　　4 现在牛羽在社交媒体上分享她的故事。她倾听灾难幸存者和鼓励他们向前看。2023年。她在国际大体联世界传递火炬大学运动会。“我非常荣幸”她说：“但这也是一个向人们展示勇敢力量的好机会。 　　5 灾难会带来创伤和痛苦。但我们应该始终以勇气面对他们。正如作家诺拉·埃夫隆曾经说过的那样：“总之，做你生命中的英雄，而不是受害者。” ( 知识解析1 ) 1 In communities, loud alarms go off. 在社区，响亮的警报会响起。（教材P89） alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n.警报器 alarm为名词，常见含义有： 警报器 The cat set off the alarm.猫碰响了警铃。 闹钟 My alarm didn’t go off so I woke up late.我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒晚了。 go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响 为不及物动词短语，其后不可接宾语。 This morning the smoke alarm went off.今天早上烟雾警报器响了。 Did the alarm go off just now?闹钟刚刚响了吗？ 拓展 go off的其他常见义项： 离开（尤指去做某事） She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。 （质量）下降 His books have gone off in recent years.他近年来写的书质量下降了。 （电）中断；（电灯）熄灭 Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。 （食物、饮料）变质，变坏 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。 2 Warning times for storms in China have been increased to 42 minutes, with more than 90% being correct.中国的暴雨预警时间已延长至 42 分钟，正确率超过90%。（教材P89） increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加；增大；提高 （1）作不及物动词 increase by 增长了（后接百分比或倍数） increase to 增长到（后接具体数字） The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased by 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。 （2）作及物动词 We need to increase productivity.我们需要提高生产力。 increase还可作名词，意为“增长；增多”。作可数名词时，其前若用不定冠词应用an。 There was an increase in sales.销售量增长了。 3 She helped her classmates leave the coast.她帮助同班同学离开了海岸。（教材P89） coast /kəʊst/ n.海岸 on/at the coast 在海边 along the coast 沿着海岸 My hometown is on the east coast of China.我的家乡在中国东海岸。 Dalian is a beautiful coastal city.大连是一座美丽的海滨城市。 4 SAFETY NET安全网（教材P91） safety /ˈseɪfti/ n.安全 ［不可数名词］反义词是danger。 for safety 为了安全起见 in safety（=safely）安全地 Safety comes first. 安全第一。 For your safety, you mustn’t get close to the train until it stops.为了你们的安全，直到火车停下来你们才能靠近它。 They crossed the road in safety. 他们安全地穿过了马路。 5 warns you of upcoming disasters 提醒你即将到来的灾难（教材P91） upcoming /ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj.即将来临的，即将发生的 通常用于名词前作定语。 Much joy to you in the upcoming year. 愿你在新的一年里快快乐乐。 Here is the weather forecast for the upcoming week.下面是未来一周的天气预报。 6 Say how it operates, using an example if possible. 说说它是如何使用的，如果可能的话举个例子。（教材P91） operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v.使用，操作 既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。 Can you teach me how to operate the new machine?你能教我怎样操作这台新机器吗？（及物动词） In fact, drones are easy to operate. 事实上，无人机很容易操控。（不及物动词） 拓展 （1）operate还可意为“动手术，做手术”。 operate on给……做手术（常指给病人或病人身体的某部位做手术） You examine the patient first, and then decide whether to operate or not.你先为病人做检查，然后再决定是否 做手术。 The doctor will operate on his leg.医生将给他的腿做手术。 （2）operation［名词］手术 do an operation 施行手术 have an operation 接受手术 The little boy recovered very quickly after the operation.手术后，这个小男孩恢复得很快。 7 Finally, give other details, such as its cost, look and drawbacks.最后，介绍其他细节，如成本、外观和缺点。（教材P91） drawback /ˈdrɔ:bæk/ n.缺点，毛病 ［可数名词］同义词为disadvantage。 It’s a great city — the only drawback is the weather.这是座很不错的城市,唯一的不足就是天气。 拓展 draw back 后退；撤回 After the defeat, the army drew back to their camp.战败后，军队退回了自己的营地。 We drew back from taking our neighbours to court.我们撤回了对邻居的起诉。 8 During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone’s attention.在2021年上海时装周期间，一位年轻、苗条、自信、拥有一条铁腿的女性吸引了所有人的目光。（教材P92） fashion /ˈfæʃən/ n.时尚 a fashion show 时装秀 in fashion 流行 out of fashion 过时 come into fashion 开始流行 a fashion designer 时装设计师 Jeans are always in fashion.牛仔裤一直都很流行。 Their music will never go out of fashion.他们的音乐永不过时。 Short videos come into fashion. 短视频开始流行起来。 Her favourite fashion designer is Giorgio Armani. 她最喜欢的时装设计师是乔治·阿玛尼。 slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的，修长的 比较级：slimmer；最高级：slimmest She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。 Flora is a slim young woman.弗洛拉是一个身材苗条的年轻女子。 9 It wasn’t comfortable, and her leg often bled. 这并不舒服，她的腿经常流血。（教材P92） bleed /bliːd/ v.流血，出血 ［不及物动词］其过去式和过去分词均为bled。 bleed to death 失血过多而死 My hand and knee were bleeding.我的手和膝盖在流血。 blood［不可数名词］血，血液 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 10 People’s curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。（教材P92） uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl/ adj.不舒服的 由“un-（否定前缀）+comfortable（adj.舒服的）”构成。 Have you ever felt uncomfortable with your stomach when you’re nervous or excited? 当你紧张或兴奋时，你是否感到过胃部不适？ 拓展 These new shoes are not very comfortable.这双新鞋穿起来不太舒服。 If you’re all sitting comfortably, then I’ll begin.要是你们都坐好了，那么我就开始。 She sat uncomfortably on the edge of the table.她将就坐在桌边上，非常难受。 11 With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下，牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。（教材P93） come out 从困境、黑暗或消极状态中解脱出来 After months of therapy, Sarah finally came out of her depression and started enjoying life again.经过几个月的治疗，萨拉终于从抑郁中走出来，重新开始享受生活。 拓展 come out的其他常见含义： Most of the flowers come out in spring.大部分花在春天开放。 When is the new novel coming out?新版小说什么时候出版？ There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.毫无疑问，总有一天会真相大白。 12 She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。（教材P93） herself /əˈself/ pron.她自己 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称或数上应保持一致，常译为“自己，本身；亲自”。 by oneself 单独；独自 Kate can dress herself now.凯特现在可以自己穿衣服了。 Molly was happy because she solved her problem all by herself!莫莉很开心，因为她独自解决了问题！ 拓展 反身代词大集合 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself他自己/herself她自己/itself它自己 themselves他们/她们/它们自己 13 In 2023, she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games.2023年，她在世界大学生运动会上传递火炬。（教材P93） 辨析 university与college university 通常指由多个学院组成的综合性大学,覆盖比较全面。 college 在英国，一般指学院,也可指高等专科学校,有时也指university下设的学院。 在美国，college与university同义。 拓展 go to university/college 去上大学 此时university和college前均不加任何冠词。 【特别提醒】 university虽以元音字母u开头,但其发音以辅音音素开头,所以其前有不定冠词修饰时,应用a。 14 But we should always face it with courage.但我们应该时刻勇敢面对。（教材P93） courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气，胆量，勇敢 take courage 鼓起勇气 the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气 I haven’t taken courage to ask her.我还鼓不起勇气去问她。 This experience gives me the courage to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我将来再次独自旅行的勇气。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Listen to the guides and follow the ______(safe) rules. 2.They might lose their way or meet __________(danger) animals. 3.China is one of many countries with disaster _________(warn) systems. 4.The old man was badly ill, and he needs an _________(operate) right now. 二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 community　alarm　increase　coast 5.The centre will serve the whole __________. 6. We walked along the ________ for five miles, watching the sea and feeling relaxed. 7.A car ________ went off in the middle of the night. 8.He prepared the money for the house. However, the owner had __________ the price by 20%. 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 9.杰克正在为即将到来的考试而复习。 Jack is reviewing for the_________ __________. 10.为什么不借这个机会学一项救生技能呢? Why not take this chance to learn a ___________ _____? 四. 从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 slim　iron　fashion　bleed 1.This toy is special and made of ______. 2.My sister loves making clothes. Her dream is to be a _______ designer(设计师). 3.The lady used to be fat, but now she is ______. 4.My fingers were _________ because I cut them while I was cooking. 五.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 5.Qiqi hopes to study medicine at Sichuan __________. 6.The firefighter is very brave. We all look up to him because of his ________. 7.We sat down in the _______ of the wall because we wanted to keep away from the sun. 8.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no _________. 六.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 9.Tina can clean up her bedroom by _______(her). She doesn't need her parents' help. 10.But after a while, you may feel ______________(comfortable), sleepy or unable to focus on anything. 11.My mother told me some ____________(encourage) words. She wanted me not to give up. 六.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 12.两个月前,陈决定放弃他的工作并来北京。 Two months ago, Chen _______ ____ give up his job and come to Beijing. 13.当我从房子里跑出来时,我看到了她。 When I _____ _____ of the house, I saw her. 14.(2024江苏常州中考改编)老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often__________ students _____ work closely with each other. 15.最重要的是,你应该让医生检查你的视力。 _______ _______, you should let the doctor check your eyesight. 16.其中一个男子用火把照着他的脸。 One of the men shone ______ ______ in his face. 17.人们应当忘记过去向前看。 People should forget about the past and _______ _______. 七．.阅读表达 　　阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 It was a beautiful day. The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable. Everything was quiet and the book in my hands was lovely. Suddenly(突然), I felt my chair moving. At that moment, I thought to myself, “It is an earthquake.” I was so scared that I ran to my parents. But when I reached them,the earthquake stopped. My family and I were not in danger and our house was still there. We watched the news about the earthquake. The epicenter(震中) was very close to the city near ours. We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn't strong or serious here. After we watched the situation(情形) of that city, I decided to volunteer(自愿) to help those people at once. I arrived in that city with a few other volunteers. We tried to help the people there. After hours of working, we found a few survivors(幸存者). We quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. When they met their families, they were so happy. That made me very happy too. However, not everyone had a happy ending. We also found the bodies of those who didn't make it through the earthquake. And I felt bad when I saw the tears of those people's families. They lost their homes and familymembers. 1.What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? _________________ 2.What did the writer do when he realized it was an earthquake? ______________________ 3.How was the earthquake in the city the writer lived in? ____________________________ 4.What did the writer and other volunteers do after they found the survivors? ______________________________________________________ 5.Do you want to be a volunteer like the writer? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.Reading (a book). 2.He ran to his parents. 3.It wasn't strong or serious. 4.They quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right.5.Yes, I do. Because I want to help others in need./No, I don’t. Because I'm not old enough to help others in an earthquake. ( 写作精讲 ) 如何写与自然灾害有关的文章 本单元围绕灾难与勇气展开，主要涉及自然灾害及其影响，人物面对灾难的反应与心理变化，人物走出灾难阴影、勇敢面对生活的过程。在具体的写作中，主要涉及以下几个方面：①自然灾害的类型及应对措施； ②灾难发生的过程及自己的感受；③灾后的恢复过程或相关暖心故事。写作时多用第一人称及第三人称，时态多用一般过去时和过去进行时，还可适当使用现在完成时。 假如你是李华，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇短文，讲述灾难发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示：1.灾难的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后恢复生活的过程； 4.从中学到的经验或感悟。 注意：1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80（首句已给出，不计入总词数）。 Hello, I’m Li Hua. 审主题：自然灾害 审体裁：说明文 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主 审要点：灾难发生的时间、地点、类型及影响；人们对灾难的反应；灾后克服困难的过程；获得的经验或感悟 词汇 灾难类型 earthquake 地震 flood 洪水 storm 暴风雨 tsunami 海啸 tornado 龙卷风 drought 干旱 volcano eruption火山爆发 影响 move from side to side左右摇晃 be thick with smoke 弥漫着烟雾 damage损害 destroy 摧毁 homeless 无家可归的 break 弄坏，损坏 bleed 流血 uncomfortable 不舒服的 应对措施 rush out 冲出去 stay calm 保持冷静 help each other 互相帮助 shelter 避难所 support 支持 volunteer 志愿者/自愿做 感悟 courage 勇气 never give up 永不放弃 encouragement 鼓励 come out from the shadows 走出阴影 find oneself 重新找回自我 句子 开头句 Three years ago, a terrible earthquake struck our city. 三年前，一场可怕的地震袭击了我们的城市。 Our city experienced a flood/an earthquake three years ago. 三年前，我们的城市经历过一次洪灾/地震。 中间句 1.灾难发生 When/While I was..., the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. 当我在……时，地面剧烈晃动，我周围的东西开始左右摇晃。 The ground started shaking hard as the earthquake struck. 地震发生时，大地开始剧烈摇晃。 Heavy rain made the river overflow, and the water rushed into houses and streets. 大雨使河水泛滥，洪水涌进了房屋和街道。 2.人们的反应 Many people ran out of their houses quickly. 许多人迅速跑出家门。 My classmates and I had to rush out of the classroom quickly. 我和我的同班同学不得不迅速冲出教室。 I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. 我害怕极了，到处找我的老师和朋友。 We stayed together and helped each other.我们待在一起，互相帮助。 3.灾后恢复 Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. 多亏医生及时治疗，我最终康复了。 With the support of my family and friends, I slowly came out from the shadows. 在家人和朋友的支持下，我慢慢从阴影中走了出来。 We rebuilt our home with the help of volunteers. 在志愿者的帮助下，我们重建了家园。 Life slowly went back to normal. 生活慢慢恢复正常。 结尾句 This disaster has taught me to be strong and never give up. 这次灾难让我学会坚强，永不放弃。 I have realised that helping others can bring warmth and hope. 我意识到帮助他人能够带来温暖和希望。 Hello, I’m Li Hua. Three years ago, a terrible earthquake struck our city. While I was having a maths class, the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. My classmates and I had to rush out of the classroom quickly. I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. One of my friends found me. We stayed together and helped each other. Later, volunteers came, and we got out of danger. I broke my left leg in the earthquake. Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. Life slowly went back to normal. This disaster has taught me that we should always stay calm, face it with courage, and never give up. 名师点评 本文涵盖所有要点，语言通顺，逻辑清晰，层次分明。①运用while引导的时间状语从句讲述了地震发生时作者正在进行的活动；运用短语“from side to side”形象描述了地震时周围的情景。 ②运用“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句描述了地震时作者的感受和反应。 ③运用“thanks to”（幸亏，由于）短语表达了对医生的感谢。 ④运用现在完成时和that引导的宾语从句表明作者从灾难中学到的经验。 学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华,请你根据以下图文提示,给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信,谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。   　　注意事项:1.80词左右;2.内容必须包括所给的全部要点, 可适当发挥;3.不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。 ( 综合训练 ) 一.阅读理解 A Accidents often happen around us. So a first aid kit (一套急救用品) is necessary (必须的). A first aid kit is one of the most important things in every family. If you want to make your own first aid kit, you need to do the following things. •Find a box To find a box is the first thing. The box should be large and strong enough to hold all the medical supplies (医疗物品). You will put all the supplies inside. •Prepare the supplies After finding the box, it’s time to prepare all the medical supplies. Having a first aid kit will be useful during serious injuries (伤) and if you take quick action in time, it will be useful as well. So it is best to fill your kit with necessary things. •Write important information Once you have all the medical supplies, print first aid rules of how to stop bleeding (出血), how to call for help, and so on. You can also write down other helpful phone numbers beside 120 on your note. •Pack (打包) your kit Pack everything inside the box. Everything must be easy to find and reach at the same time. 1.A first aid kit will be useful for the following EXCEPT ________. A.a traffic accident B.a small cut in the kitchen C.an operation in hospital D.nose bleeding 2.Which of the following is NOT necessary to make a first aid kit? A.Some medicine. B.A phone. C.A box. D.A note. 3.How many steps (步骤) of making a first aid kit are mentioned (提到) in the passage? A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Preparing for accidents is hard. B.A first aid kit is necessary. C.Preparing the supplies is not easy. D.Learning some rules of first aid is difficult. 5.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? A.Rules of being away from accidents B.How to keep safe C.Ways to make a first aid kit D.How to be a good doctor B Fire accidents often happen in our daily life. So, as middle school students, it is very important for us to learn what to do when a fire breaks out. Here are some tips, and please keep them in mind. Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells us to leave the house at once. Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Prepare fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. We should do fire practice because it teaches us about fire safety. Everyone should know the following fire rules: ★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. ★The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes of fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. 1.When a smoke alarm rings at a house, it means that __________. A.you have to get up B.water is running to the floor C.something is burning D.someone breaks your window 2.We should do the following to prepare for a fire EXCEPT that _______. A.we practice for a fire B.we make escape plans C.we have fire extinguishers D.we use electrical cookers 3.What does the underlined word “escape” in the 3rd paragraph mean? A.逃离 B.跳楼 C.安全 D.灭火 4.When your hair or clothes catch fire, the right steps are to_______. A.stop, run and roll B.stop, drop and roll C.run, drop and roll D.roll, drop and stop 5.What’s the main idea for the passage? A.What to do when a fire breaks out B.How to make escape plans as quickly as possible C.How to ask for help when a fire breaks out D.What to do when accidents happen suddenly 二.任务型阅读 What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? How will you escape? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following passage. Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. It’s important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not elevators. From the lower floors of the building, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving through windows with the least chance of serious injury. The second-floor window is usually not very high from the ground. Of course, it is safer to jump out than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed, or smoke and fire may come into the room. Keep your head low at the window to make sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may get into the room. On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto hard ground might end in injury. Bushes and grass can help to break a fall. 根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)。 1.It’s important to know how to escape from a fire. 2.In a fire we can use elevators to come down. 3.Windows can’t be used when you are waiting for help. 4.Doors must all be open so that smoke can come into the room. 5.The passage may help save your life in a fire. 三.书面表达 如果家里突发火灾，我们正好在室内，这时我们应该做什么，不应该做什么？请你根据下面的提示，以“How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire”为题，写一篇文章介绍火灾中如何自救。 要求：1.词数为80左右。开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 2.必须包含上述所有要点，可适当发挥想象。 How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire If a fire happens when we are in the room, ______________________________ $$ 专题12 Unit 6 When disaster strikes （Developing ideas） ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警告 2.community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区 3.alarm [əˈlɑːrm]n.警报器 4.increase  [ɪnˈkriːs , ˈɪŋkriːs]v.增加；增大；提高 5.coast  [koʊst] n.海岸 6.tsunami  [tsuːˈnɑːmi] n.海啸 7.safety [ˈseɪfti] n.安全 8.net [net] n. 因特网 9.upcoming [ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ] adj. 即将来临的、即将发生的 10.operate  [ˈɑːpəreɪt] v.使用，操作 11.drawback  [ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 缺点，毛病 12.life-saving [ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ] adj. 挽救生命的，保命的 13.drone  [droʊn] n.无人遥控飞机 14.iron  [ˈaɪərn] n. 铁 15.fashion [ˈfæʃn] n.时尚 16.slim /slim/ adj. 苗条的，修长的 17.bleed  [bliːd] v.流血，出血 18.uncomfortable  [ʌnˈkʌmftəbl] adj.不舒服的 19.shadow  [ˈʃædoʊ] n.坏影响，阴影 20.herself [hɜːrˈself] pron. 她自己 21.torch  [tɔːrtʃ] n.火把；火炬 22.university  [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti] n.大学 23.courage [ˈkɜːrɪdʒ] n.勇气，胆量，勇敢 24.heroine  [ˈheroʊɪn] n. 女英雄 25.victim  [ˈvɪktɪm]n.(恶劣情况的)受害者；(疾病的)患者 ( 课文解析 ) 钢铁女孩 1 在2021年上海时装周上，一位年轻、苗条、自信的铁腿女性吸引了所有人的注意。名字叫牛羽。她在2008年汶川地震中失去了右腿。那时她只有11岁。 　　2 牛羽曾经是学校运动队的队员。她喜欢跑步。但这场灾难打破了她的梦想。她不得不靠假肢生活。这不舒服，她的腿经常流血。人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。她总是试图把腿藏在牛仔裤或裙子下面。 　　3 在家人和朋友的支持下，牛羽慢慢走出了阴影。2018年，就在她21岁生日之前。她决定停止隐藏她的腿。令她惊讶的是，她收到了很多鼓励的话语。她也在大约4小时内完成了半程马拉松。她完成了艰难的10年旅程再次找回自己。 　　4 现在牛羽在社交媒体上分享她的故事。她倾听灾难幸存者和鼓励他们向前看。2023年。她在国际大体联世界传递火炬大学运动会。“我非常荣幸”她说：“但这也是一个向人们展示勇敢力量的好机会。 　　5 灾难会带来创伤和痛苦。但我们应该始终以勇气面对他们。正如作家诺拉·埃夫隆曾经说过的那样：“总之，做你生命中的英雄，而不是受害者。” ( 知识解析1 ) 1 In communities, loud alarms go off. 在社区，响亮的警报会响起。（教材P89） alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n.警报器 alarm为名词，常见含义有： 警报器 The cat set off the alarm.猫碰响了警铃。 闹钟 My alarm didn’t go off so I woke up late.我的闹钟没有响，所以我醒晚了。 go off（警报器等）突然发出巨响 为不及物动词短语，其后不可接宾语。 This morning the smoke alarm went off.今天早上烟雾警报器响了。 Did the alarm go off just now?闹钟刚刚响了吗？ 拓展 go off的其他常见义项： 离开（尤指去做某事） She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。 （质量）下降 His books have gone off in recent years.他近年来写的书质量下降了。 （电）中断；（电灯）熄灭 Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。 （食物、饮料）变质，变坏 Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。 2 Warning times for storms in China have been increased to 42 minutes, with more than 90% being correct.中国的暴雨预警时间已延长至 42 分钟，正确率超过90%。（教材P89） increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加；增大；提高 （1）作不及物动词 increase by 增长了（后接百分比或倍数） increase to 增长到（后接具体数字） The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased by 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万，与昨天相比，增加了10%。 （2）作及物动词 We need to increase productivity.我们需要提高生产力。 increase还可作名词，意为“增长；增多”。作可数名词时，其前若用不定冠词应用an。 There was an increase in sales.销售量增长了。 3 She helped her classmates leave the coast.她帮助同班同学离开了海岸。（教材P89） coast /kəʊst/ n.海岸 on/at the coast 在海边 along the coast 沿着海岸 My hometown is on the east coast of China.我的家乡在中国东海岸。 Dalian is a beautiful coastal city.大连是一座美丽的海滨城市。 4 SAFETY NET安全网（教材P91） safety /ˈseɪfti/ n.安全 ［不可数名词］反义词是danger。 for safety 为了安全起见 in safety（=safely）安全地 Safety comes first. 安全第一。 For your safety, you mustn’t get close to the train until it stops.为了你们的安全，直到火车停下来你们才能靠近它。 They crossed the road in safety. 他们安全地穿过了马路。 5 warns you of upcoming disasters 提醒你即将到来的灾难（教材P91） upcoming /ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj.即将来临的，即将发生的 通常用于名词前作定语。 Much joy to you in the upcoming year. 愿你在新的一年里快快乐乐。 Here is the weather forecast for the upcoming week.下面是未来一周的天气预报。 6 Say how it operates, using an example if possible. 说说它是如何使用的，如果可能的话举个例子。（教材P91） operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v.使用，操作 既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。 Can you teach me how to operate the new machine?你能教我怎样操作这台新机器吗？（及物动词） In fact, drones are easy to operate. 事实上，无人机很容易操控。（不及物动词） 拓展 （1）operate还可意为“动手术，做手术”。 operate on给……做手术（常指给病人或病人身体的某部位做手术） You examine the patient first, and then decide whether to operate or not.你先为病人做检查，然后再决定是否 做手术。 The doctor will operate on his leg.医生将给他的腿做手术。 （2）operation［名词］手术 do an operation 施行手术 have an operation 接受手术 The little boy recovered very quickly after the operation.手术后，这个小男孩恢复得很快。 7 Finally, give other details, such as its cost, look and drawbacks.最后，介绍其他细节，如成本、外观和缺点。（教材P91） drawback /ˈdrɔ:bæk/ n.缺点，毛病 ［可数名词］同义词为disadvantage。 It’s a great city — the only drawback is the weather.这是座很不错的城市,唯一的不足就是天气。 拓展 draw back 后退；撤回 After the defeat, the army drew back to their camp.战败后，军队退回了自己的营地。 We drew back from taking our neighbours to court.我们撤回了对邻居的起诉。 8 During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone’s attention.在2021年上海时装周期间，一位年轻、苗条、自信、拥有一条铁腿的女性吸引了所有人的目光。（教材P92） fashion /ˈfæʃən/ n.时尚 a fashion show 时装秀 in fashion 流行 out of fashion 过时 come into fashion 开始流行 a fashion designer 时装设计师 Jeans are always in fashion.牛仔裤一直都很流行。 Their music will never go out of fashion.他们的音乐永不过时。 Short videos come into fashion. 短视频开始流行起来。 Her favourite fashion designer is Giorgio Armani. 她最喜欢的时装设计师是乔治·阿玛尼。 slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的，修长的 比较级：slimmer；最高级：slimmest She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。 Flora is a slim young woman.弗洛拉是一个身材苗条的年轻女子。 9 It wasn’t comfortable, and her leg often bled. 这并不舒服，她的腿经常流血。（教材P92） bleed /bliːd/ v.流血，出血 ［不及物动词］其过去式和过去分词均为bled。 bleed to death 失血过多而死 My hand and knee were bleeding.我的手和膝盖在流血。 blood［不可数名词］血，血液 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 10 People’s curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。（教材P92） uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl/ adj.不舒服的 由“un-（否定前缀）+comfortable（adj.舒服的）”构成。 Have you ever felt uncomfortable with your stomach when you’re nervous or excited? 当你紧张或兴奋时，你是否感到过胃部不适？ 拓展 These new shoes are not very comfortable.这双新鞋穿起来不太舒服。 If you’re all sitting comfortably, then I’ll begin.要是你们都坐好了，那么我就开始。 She sat uncomfortably on the edge of the table.她将就坐在桌边上，非常难受。 11 With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下，牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。（教材P93） come out 从困境、黑暗或消极状态中解脱出来 After months of therapy, Sarah finally came out of her depression and started enjoying life again.经过几个月的治疗，萨拉终于从抑郁中走出来，重新开始享受生活。 拓展 come out的其他常见含义： Most of the flowers come out in spring.大部分花在春天开放。 When is the new novel coming out?新版小说什么时候出版？ There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.毫无疑问，总有一天会真相大白。 12 She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。（教材P93） herself /əˈself/ pron.她自己 反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称或数上应保持一致，常译为“自己，本身；亲自”。 by oneself 单独；独自 Kate can dress herself now.凯特现在可以自己穿衣服了。 Molly was happy because she solved her problem all by herself!莫莉很开心，因为她独自解决了问题！ 拓展 反身代词大集合 myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 himself他自己/herself她自己/itself它自己 themselves他们/她们/它们自己 13 In 2023, she carried the torch at the FISU World University Games.2023年，她在世界大学生运动会上传递火炬。（教材P93） 辨析 university与college university 通常指由多个学院组成的综合性大学,覆盖比较全面。 college 在英国，一般指学院,也可指高等专科学校,有时也指university下设的学院。 在美国，college与university同义。 拓展 go to university/college 去上大学 此时university和college前均不加任何冠词。 【特别提醒】 university虽以元音字母u开头,但其发音以辅音音素开头,所以其前有不定冠词修饰时,应用a。 14 But we should always face it with courage.但我们应该时刻勇敢面对。（教材P93） courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气，胆量，勇敢 take courage 鼓起勇气 the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气 I haven’t taken courage to ask her.我还鼓不起勇气去问她。 This experience gives me the courage to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我将来再次独自旅行的勇气。 ( 随堂训练1 ) 一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Listen to the guides and follow the ______(safe) rules. 2.They might lose their way or meet __________(danger) animals. 3.China is one of many countries with disaster _________(warn) systems. 4.The old man was badly ill, and he needs an _________(operate) right now. 1.safety 2.dangerous 3.warning 4.operation 二.从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 community　alarm　increase　coast 5.The centre will serve the whole __________. 6. We walked along the ________ for five miles, watching the sea and feeling relaxed. 7.A car ________ went off in the middle of the night. 8.He prepared the money for the house. However, the owner had __________ the price by 20%. 5.community 6.coast 7.alarm 8.increased 三.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 9.杰克正在为即将到来的考试而复习。 Jack is reviewing for the_________ __________. 10.为什么不借这个机会学一项救生技能呢? Why not take this chance to learn a ___________ _____? 9.upcoming exam/test 10.life-saving skill 四. 从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空,使句子完整、连贯 slim　iron　fashion　bleed 1.This toy is special and made of ______. 2.My sister loves making clothes. Her dream is to be a _______ designer(设计师). 3.The lady used to be fat, but now she is ______. 4.My fingers were _________ because I cut them while I was cooking. 1.iron 2.fashion 3.slim 4.bleeding 五.根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 5.Qiqi hopes to study medicine at Sichuan __________. 6.The firefighter is very brave. We all look up to him because of his ________. 7.We sat down in the _______ of the wall because we wanted to keep away from the sun. 8.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no _________. 5.University 6.courage 7.shadow 8.survivors 六.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 9.Tina can clean up her bedroom by _______(her). She doesn't need her parents' help. 10.But after a while, you may feel ______________(comfortable), sleepy or unable to focus on anything. 11.My mother told me some ____________(encourage) words. She wanted me not to give up. 9.herself 10.uncomfortable 11.encouraging 六.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词 12.两个月前,陈决定放弃他的工作并来北京。 Two months ago, Chen _______ ____ give up his job and come to Beijing. 13.当我从房子里跑出来时,我看到了她。 When I _____ _____ of the house, I saw her. 14.(2024江苏常州中考改编)老师经常鼓励学生们相互紧密合作。 The teacher often__________ students _____ work closely with each other. 15.最重要的是,你应该让医生检查你的视力。 _______ _______, you should let the doctor check your eyesight. 16.其中一个男子用火把照着他的脸。 One of the men shone ______ ______ in his face. 17.人们应当忘记过去向前看。 People should forget about the past and _______ _______. 12.decided to 13.ran out 14.encourages to 15.Above all 16.a torch 17.look forward 七．.阅读表达 　　阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。 It was a beautiful day. The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable. Everything was quiet and the book in my hands was lovely. Suddenly(突然), I felt my chair moving. At that moment, I thought to myself, “It is an earthquake.” I was so scared that I ran to my parents. But when I reached them,the earthquake stopped. My family and I were not in danger and our house was still there. We watched the news about the earthquake. The epicenter(震中) was very close to the city near ours. We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn't strong or serious here. After we watched the situation(情形) of that city, I decided to volunteer(自愿) to help those people at once. I arrived in that city with a few other volunteers. We tried to help the people there. After hours of working, we found a few survivors(幸存者). We quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right. When they met their families, they were so happy. That made me very happy too. However, not everyone had a happy ending. We also found the bodies of those who didn't make it through the earthquake. And I felt bad when I saw the tears of those people's families. They lost their homes and familymembers. 1.What was the writer doing when the earthquake happened? _________________ 2.What did the writer do when he realized it was an earthquake? ______________________ 3.How was the earthquake in the city the writer lived in? ____________________________ 4.What did the writer and other volunteers do after they found the survivors? ______________________________________________________ 5.Do you want to be a volunteer like the writer? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.Reading (a book). 2.He ran to his parents. 3.It wasn't strong or serious. 4.They quickly sent for doctors to make sure they were all right.5.Yes, I do. Because I want to help others in need./No, I don’t. Because I'm not old enough to help others in an earthquake. 解析 [语篇解读]本文作者讲述了自己经历地震并参与营救震后伤员的故事。 1.　根据第一段中的“The clear, blue sky and the cool wind made my reading enjoyable.”可知,当地震发生时作者正在看书。 2.　根据第二段中的“I was so scared that I ran to my parents.”可知,当作者意识到这是地震后,立刻跑向他的父母。 3.　根据第三段中的“We felt lucky to be in our city. The earthquake wasn't strong or serious here.”可知,作者所在的城市地震不强烈也不严重。 4.　根据最后一段中的“After hours of working...sent for doctors to make sure they were all right.”可知,找到幸存者后,作者和其他志愿者立刻去找医生来确保他们平安无事。 5.　本题是开放性试题,答案不唯一,言之有理即可。 ( 写作精讲 ) 如何写与自然灾害有关的文章 本单元围绕灾难与勇气展开，主要涉及自然灾害及其影响，人物面对灾难的反应与心理变化，人物走出灾难阴影、勇敢面对生活的过程。在具体的写作中，主要涉及以下几个方面：①自然灾害的类型及应对措施； ②灾难发生的过程及自己的感受；③灾后的恢复过程或相关暖心故事。写作时多用第一人称及第三人称，时态多用一般过去时和过去进行时，还可适当使用现在完成时。 假如你是李华，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇短文，讲述灾难发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示：1.灾难的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后恢复生活的过程； 4.从中学到的经验或感悟。 注意：1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80（首句已给出，不计入总词数）。 Hello, I’m Li Hua. 审主题：自然灾害 审体裁：说明文 审时态：以一般过去时为主 审人称：以第一人称和第三人称为主 审要点：灾难发生的时间、地点、类型及影响；人们对灾难的反应；灾后克服困难的过程；获得的经验或感悟 词汇 灾难类型 earthquake 地震 flood 洪水 storm 暴风雨 tsunami 海啸 tornado 龙卷风 drought 干旱 volcano eruption火山爆发 影响 move from side to side左右摇晃 be thick with smoke 弥漫着烟雾 damage损害 destroy 摧毁 homeless 无家可归的 break 弄坏，损坏 bleed 流血 uncomfortable 不舒服的 应对措施 rush out 冲出去 stay calm 保持冷静 help each other 互相帮助 shelter 避难所 support 支持 volunteer 志愿者/自愿做 感悟 courage 勇气 never give up 永不放弃 encouragement 鼓励 come out from the shadows 走出阴影 find oneself 重新找回自我 句子 开头句 Three years ago, a terrible earthquake struck our city. 三年前，一场可怕的地震袭击了我们的城市。 Our city experienced a flood/an earthquake three years ago. 三年前，我们的城市经历过一次洪灾/地震。 中间句 1.灾难发生 When/While I was..., the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. 当我在……时，地面剧烈晃动，我周围的东西开始左右摇晃。 The ground started shaking hard as the earthquake struck. 地震发生时，大地开始剧烈摇晃。 Heavy rain made the river overflow, and the water rushed into houses and streets. 大雨使河水泛滥，洪水涌进了房屋和街道。 2.人们的反应 Many people ran out of their houses quickly. 许多人迅速跑出家门。 My classmates and I had to rush out of the classroom quickly. 我和我的同班同学不得不迅速冲出教室。 I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. 我害怕极了，到处找我的老师和朋友。 We stayed together and helped each other.我们待在一起，互相帮助。 3.灾后恢复 Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. 多亏医生及时治疗，我最终康复了。 With the support of my family and friends, I slowly came out from the shadows. 在家人和朋友的支持下，我慢慢从阴影中走了出来。 We rebuilt our home with the help of volunteers. 在志愿者的帮助下，我们重建了家园。 Life slowly went back to normal. 生活慢慢恢复正常。 结尾句 This disaster has taught me to be strong and never give up. 这次灾难让我学会坚强，永不放弃。 I have realised that helping others can bring warmth and hope. 我意识到帮助他人能够带来温暖和希望。 Hello, I’m Li Hua. Three years ago, a terrible earthquake struck our city. While I was having a maths class, the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. My classmates and I had to rush out of the classroom quickly. I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. One of my friends found me. We stayed together and helped each other. Later, volunteers came, and we got out of danger. I broke my left leg in the earthquake. Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. Life slowly went back to normal. This disaster has taught me that we should always stay calm, face it with courage, and never give up. 名师点评 本文涵盖所有要点，语言通顺，逻辑清晰，层次分明。①运用while引导的时间状语从句讲述了地震发生时作者正在进行的活动；运用短语“from side to side”形象描述了地震时周围的情景。 ②运用“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句描述了地震时作者的感受和反应。 ③运用“thanks to”（幸亏，由于）短语表达了对医生的感谢。 ④运用现在完成时和that引导的宾语从句表明作者从灾难中学到的经验。 学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华,请你根据以下图文提示,给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信,谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。   　　注意事项:1.80词左右;2.内容必须包括所给的全部要点, 可适当发挥;3.不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。 Many people get hurt or lose their lives in the earthquake every year. Do you know what you should or shouldn't do in the earthquake? If your answer is “no”, please keep the following advice in mind. 　　If you are in the classroom, you should stay under the desks so that you can protect yourselves from falling objects. You can also use your schoolbags or your arms to protect your heads. You shouldn't run out of the classroom when the ground is shaking from side to side. 　　If you are in the playground, you should get away from buildings and trees because they may fall down on you. You shouldn't stand under the fallen power lines either. 　　Remember the things above and they may save your lives someday. ( 综合训练 ) 一.阅读理解 A Accidents often happen around us. So a first aid kit (一套急救用品) is necessary (必须的). A first aid kit is one of the most important things in every family. If you want to make your own first aid kit, you need to do the following things. •Find a box To find a box is the first thing. The box should be large and strong enough to hold all the medical supplies (医疗物品). You will put all the supplies inside. •Prepare the supplies After finding the box, it’s time to prepare all the medical supplies. Having a first aid kit will be useful during serious injuries (伤) and if you take quick action in time, it will be useful as well. So it is best to fill your kit with necessary things. •Write important information Once you have all the medical supplies, print first aid rules of how to stop bleeding (出血), how to call for help, and so on. You can also write down other helpful phone numbers beside 120 on your note. •Pack (打包) your kit Pack everything inside the box. Everything must be easy to find and reach at the same time. 1.A first aid kit will be useful for the following EXCEPT ________. A.a traffic accident B.a small cut in the kitchen C.an operation in hospital D.nose bleeding 2.Which of the following is NOT necessary to make a first aid kit? A.Some medicine. B.A phone. C.A box. D.A note. 3.How many steps (步骤) of making a first aid kit are mentioned (提到) in the passage? A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Preparing for accidents is hard. B.A first aid kit is necessary. C.Preparing the supplies is not easy. D.Learning some rules of first aid is difficult. 5.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? A.Rules of being away from accidents B.How to keep safe C.Ways to make a first aid kit D.How to be a good doctor 答案　【语篇解读】本文讲的是如何制作一套急救用品。 1.C 细节理解题。在Prepare the supplies中提到了“during serious injuries”，在Write important information中提到了“how to stop bleeding”，由此可知，急救用品适用于“交通意外” “厨房切伤”和“鼻子出血”，不适用于“医院的手术”，故答案为C。 2.B 细节理解题。文章中提到了box、note和medical supplies，没有提到“要在急救箱里放电话”，故答案为B。 3.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，一共提到了四步，分别是Find a box、Prepare the supplies、Write important information和Pack your kit，故答案为B。 4.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So a first aid kit is necessary.”可知，一套急救用品是必需的，故答案为B。 5.C 主旨大意题。本文讲的是如何制作一套急救用品，故答案为C。 B Fire accidents often happen in our daily life. So, as middle school students, it is very important for us to learn what to do when a fire breaks out. Here are some tips, and please keep them in mind. Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells us to leave the house at once. Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily. Prepare fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. We should do fire practice because it teaches us about fire safety. Everyone should know the following fire rules: ★Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. ★The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you. There are many possible causes of fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help. 1.When a smoke alarm rings at a house, it means that __________. A.you have to get up B.water is running to the floor C.something is burning D.someone breaks your window 2.We should do the following to prepare for a fire EXCEPT that _______. A.we practice for a fire B.we make escape plans C.we have fire extinguishers D.we use electrical cookers 3.What does the underlined word “escape” in the 3rd paragraph mean? A.逃离 B.跳楼 C.安全 D.灭火 4.When your hair or clothes catch fire, the right steps are to_______. A.stop, run and roll B.stop, drop and roll C.run, drop and roll D.roll, drop and stop 5.What’s the main idea for the passage? A.What to do when a fire breaks out B.How to make escape plans as quickly as possible C.How to ask for help when a fire breaks out D.What to do when accidents happen suddenly 答案　【语篇解读】本文讲的是火灾发生时应该怎样做。 1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off.”可知，烟雾报警器响了意味着有东西着火了，故答案为C。 2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Make escape plans.”、第四段中的“Prepare fire extinguishers in the house.”以及“Practice for a fire.”可知，没有提到的内容是D。 3.A 词义猜测题。由下文中提到的“We should know all the ways out of the house.” (我们应该知道从房子里出去的所有方法)可推断，我们要制订逃生计划，escape的含义是“逃离”，故答案为A。 4.B 细节理解题。根据文中的“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll!”可知，当你的头发或衣服着火后，正确的做法是stop、 drop和roll，故答案选B。 5.A 主旨大意题。本文讲的是火灾发生时的做法，故答案为A。 二.任务型阅读 What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? How will you escape? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following passage. Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. It’s important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not elevators. From the lower floors of the building, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving through windows with the least chance of serious injury. The second-floor window is usually not very high from the ground. Of course, it is safer to jump out than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed, or smoke and fire may come into the room. Keep your head low at the window to make sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may get into the room. On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto hard ground might end in injury. Bushes and grass can help to break a fall. 根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)。 1.It’s important to know how to escape from a fire. 2.In a fire we can use elevators to come down. 3.Windows can’t be used when you are waiting for help. 4.Doors must all be open so that smoke can come into the room. 5.The passage may help save your life in a fire. 答案　【语篇解读】本文讲的是火灾逃生方面的知识。 1.T 根据第二段的描述可知，知道如何从火灾中逃生是很重要的，故本题是正确的描述。 2.F 根据第二段中的“such as stairways and fire escapes, but not elevators”可知，发生火灾时不能乘电梯下楼，故本题是错误的描述。 3.F 根据第五段中的“Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help.”可知，本题是错误的描述。 4.F 根据第五段中的“Be sure to keep the door closed, or smoke and fire may come into the room.”可知，本题是错误的描述。 5.T 本文讲的是火灾逃生方面的知识，这些知识可能会在火灾中救你的命，故本题是正确的描述。 三.书面表达 如果家里突发火灾，我们正好在室内，这时我们应该做什么，不应该做什么？请你根据下面的提示，以“How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire”为题，写一篇文章介绍火灾中如何自救。 要求：1.词数为80左右。开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 2.必须包含上述所有要点，可适当发挥想象。 How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire If a fire happens when we are in the room, ______________________________ How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire If a fire happens when we are in the room, first, we should keep calm. Don’t be afraid. Call 119 or open the windows to cry for help. Second, we should find water to make our clothes wet and cover our mouth and nose with them. We shouldn’t let fire burn our clothes. Third, if the light goes out, we should try to feel the door and open it. We should take the stairs instead of the lift and run downstairs. Finally, we shouldn’t jump down from the high windows. Luck will be always with us. $$