Module 11 Photos. which和who引导的定语从句（模块核心语法精练）英语外研版九年级上册

Module 11 Photos 模块核心语法精练（ which和who引导的定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、单句语法填空 5 三、完成句子 7 四、翻译语句 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一 单项法选择 9 题型二 语法填空 14 在复合句中，which 和 who 作为关系代词引导定语从句，用于修饰先行词。which 主要指代物，who 主要指代人，二者在从句中可作主语或宾语。定语从句的基本结构为 “先行词 + 关系词 + 从句”，关系词需根据先行词的类型和在从句中的成分选择。 关系代词 指代 在从句中的成分 例句 which 物 主语或宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine.（桌上的书是我的。） The movie which we watched was exciting.（我们看的电影很精彩。） who 人 主语或宾语 The girl who sings well is my classmate.（唱歌好听的女孩是我同学。） The man who I met yesterday is a doctor.（昨天我遇见的男人是医生。） 注意事项 1. which 的特殊用法： 当先行词前有介词时，只能用 which，不能用 that。 例：This is the room in which he lived.（这是他住过的房间。） 非限制性定语从句中只能用 which，不能用 that。 例：The house, which was built in 1990, is still in good condition.（这栋建于 1990 年的房子依然完好。） 2. who 与 whom 的区别： who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 仅作宾语，且可省略或被 who/that 替代。 例：The person who/whom you met is my teacher.（你遇见的人是我老师。）[whom 作宾语，可替换为 who/that] 3. which 与 that 的替换规则： 指物时，which 和 that 多数情况可互换，但下列情况只能用 that： 先行词同时指人和物； 先行词为不定代词（all, anything 等）； 先行词被序数词、最高级或 the only 等修饰。 例：I like the books that/which are interesting.（我喜欢有趣的书。）[可互换] 例：This is the only book that I need.（这是我唯一需要的书。）[只能用 that] 4. 作宾语时的省略： which 和 who 在从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略。 例：The pen (which) I bought is blue.（我买的笔是蓝色的。）[which 作宾语，可省略] 例：The boy who stands there is my brother.（站在那里的男孩是我弟弟。）[who 作主语，不可省略] 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. （2025・黑龙江牡丹江模拟）The "Kemusan" dance is an eye-catching performance ________ is quite popular this year. A. who B. which C. whose D. where 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “‘科目三’舞蹈是今年很受欢迎的一场引人注目的表演”。先行词 “performance” 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 which 引导定语从句，故选 B。 2. （2025・吉林长春专题练习）As a science lover, I hope to invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A. where B. when C. which D. who 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “作为科学爱好者，我希望发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车”。先行词 “bike” 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 引导，故选 C。 3. （2025・四川遂宁模拟预测）—What movies do you like best? —I like those ________ make me feel relaxed. A. what B. which C. who D. whom 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “—— 你最喜欢什么电影？—— 我喜欢那些让我感到放松的电影”。先行词 “those” 指物（电影），关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 引导，故选 B。 4. （2023・吉林模拟预测）The students are reading books ________ are full of "red spirit". A. who B. where C. whom D. which 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “学生们正在读充满‘红色精神’的书籍”。先行词 “books” 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 引导，故选 D。 5. （2022・辽宁朝阳模拟预测）I prefer movies ________ give me something to think about. A. whom B. who C. which D. where 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “我更喜欢能让我思考的电影”。先行词 “movies” 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用 which 引导，故选 C。 6. （2025・西藏模拟）Although my grandpa is over 90, he remembers the people ________ he met young. A. who B. when C. where D. which 答案：A 解析：句子意思是 “尽管爷爷 90 多岁了，他仍记得年轻时遇见的人”。先行词 “people” 指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，用 who 引导，故选 A。 7. （2025・内蒙古模拟）In difficult times, there are heroes ________ step up and bring hope. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “在困难时期，总有挺身而出带来希望的英雄”。先行词 “heroes” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 B。 8. （2024・内蒙古呼和浩特模拟预测）Some think success is for those with talent or ________ grow up in good families. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 答案：A 解析：句子意思是 “有人认为成功属于有天赋或在好家庭成长的人”。先行词 “those” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 A。 9. （2024・甘肃临夏专题练习）A true friend is someone ________ helps you in trouble. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “真正的朋友是在你困难时帮助你的人”。先行词 “someone” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 D。 10. （2024・甘肃白银专题练习）Linda likes musicians ________ play different kinds of music. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “琳达喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家”。先行词 “musicians” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 C。 11. （2024・四川泸州模拟预测）A true friend is someone __________will always share your laughter and tears. A. what B. which C. who D. whom 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “真正的朋友会永远分享你的欢笑和泪水”。先行词 “someone” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 C。 12. （2023・辽宁朝阳中考）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 答案：A 解析：句子意思是 “真正的朋友是向你伸出手并触动你心灵的人”。先行词 “person” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 A。 13. （2023・西藏专题练习）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China now. A. which B. who C. what D. where 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员”。先行词 “player” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 B。 14. （2023・辽宁阜新模拟）The woman astronaut ________ gave us a space lesson is Liu Yang. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “给我们上太空课的女宇航员是刘洋”。先行词 “astronaut” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 C。 15. （2023・黑龙江哈尔滨专题练习）—Who is your hero? —Huang Danian. He’s a scientist ________ helps China in deep-sea exploration. A. where B. which C. who D. whom 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “—— 谁是你的英雄？—— 黄大年。他是帮助中国深海勘探的科学家”。先行词 “scientist” 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用 who 引导，故选 C。 二、单句语法填空（10 小题） 1. The old stone house ________ stands quietly on the green hilltop near the lake was built in 1950. 答案：which/that 解析：句子意思是 “湖边那座静静矗立在绿色山顶的古老石屋建于 1950 年”。先行词 “house” 指物，关系词 which/that 在从句中作主语，从句时态为一般现在时。 2. The girl who________ (wear) a bright red scarf in the group photo is my new classmate from Beijing. 答案：wears 解析：句子意思是 “集体照里戴鲜艳红色围巾的那个女孩是我来自北京的新同班同学”。先行词 “girl” 指人，关系词 who 在从句中作主语，谓语动词用 wears。 3. The thick book ________ I borrowed from Lucy yesterday afternoon is very interesting for teenagers. 答案：which/that 解析：句子意思是 “我昨天下午从露西那里借来的那本厚书对青少年来说非常有趣”。先行词 “book” 指物，关系词 which/that 在从句中作宾语，从句时态为一般过去时。 4. The first young student ________ arrived at the new science lab today was Tom with a notebook. 答案：who 解析：句子意思是 “今天第一个带着笔记本到达新科学实验室的年轻学生是汤姆”。先行词 “student” 指人，关系词 who 在从句中作主语，时态为一般过去时。 5. The exciting movie ________ we watched together last night at the cinema was directed by a famous director. 答案：which/that 解析：句子意思是 “我们昨晚在电影院一起观看的那部精彩电影由一位著名导演执导”。先行词 “movie” 指物，关系词 which/that 在从句中作宾语，从句时态为一般过去时。 6. The only small thing ________ he wants badly for his birthday is a new blue bicycle. 答案：that 解析：句子意思是 “他生日迫切想要的唯一一样小东西是一辆新的蓝色自行车”。先行词 “thing” 被 “the only” 修饰，关系词 that 在从句中作宾语。 7. The hard-working students ________ passed the difficult math exam yesterday are from Class Two. 答案：who 解析：句子意思是 “昨天通过这次困难数学考试的那些勤奋学生来自二班”。先行词 “students” 指人，关系词 who 在从句中作主语。 8. The funny story ________ she told us loudly in the classroom yesterday was written by a children’s author. 答案：which/that 解析：句子意思是 “她昨天在教室里大声给我们讲的那个有趣故事由一位儿童作家所写”。先行词 “story” 指物，关系词 which/that 在从句中作宾语，从句时态为一般过去时。 9. The best new way ________ learns English efficiently is to practice speaking daily. 答案：that 解析：句子意思是 “高效学习英语的最佳新方法是每天练习口语”。先行词 “way” 被形容词的最高级修饰，指物，关系词 that 在从句中作主语。 10. The old computer ________ I use for online classes every day is very slow but still useful. 答案：which/that 解析：句子意思是 “我每天用来上网课的那台旧电脑速度很慢但仍然有用”。先行词 “computer” 指物，关系词 which/that 在从句中作宾语。 三、完成句子:每空仅填一词（10 小题） 1. 我喜欢可以跟着唱的音乐。 I like music ________ I can ________ ________ ________. 答案：which/that; sing along with 解析：先行词 “music” 指物，用 which/that 引导定语从句，“跟着唱” 为 sing along with。 2. 他更喜欢演奏安静音乐的乐队。 He prefers bands ________ ________ quiet music. 答案：which/that play 解析：先行词 “bands” 指物，用 which/that 引导，从句谓语动词用 play。 3. 那个扮演英雄的演员曾是教师。 The actor ________ ________ the hero used to be a teacher. 答案：who plays 解析：先行词 “actor” 指人，用 who 引导，从句时态为一般现在时，动词用 plays。 4. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This is the most interesting movie ________ I have ________. 答案：that; watched 解析：先行词被最高级修饰，用 that 引导，从句用现在完成时 watched。 5. 你认识正在和老师谈话的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ to the teacher? 答案：who is talking 解析：先行词 “girl” 指人，用 who 引导，从句用现在进行时 is talking。 6. 我丢的那支笔是蓝色的。 The pen ________ I ________ is blue. 答案：which/that; lost 解析：先行词 “pen” 指物，用 which/that 引导，从句时态为一般过去时 lost。 7. 这些是我上周买的书。 These are the books ________ I ________ last week. 答案：which/that; bought 解析：先行词 “books” 指物，用 which/that 引导，从句时态为一般过去时 bought。 8. 他是帮助我学习的同学。 He is the classmate ________ ________ me with study. 答案：who helps 解析：先行词 “classmate” 指人，用 who 引导，从句时态为一般现在时 helps。 9. 你喜欢哪种音乐？ What kind of music ________ you like ________ has great lyrics? 答案：do; which/that 解析：特殊疑问句中助动词用 do，先行词 “music” 指物，用 which/that 引导。 10. 正在打篮球的男孩是我的弟弟。 The boy ________ ________ ________ basketball is my brother. 答案：who is playing 解析：先行词 “boy” 指人，用 who 引导，从句用现在进行时 is playing。 四、翻译语句（10 小题） 1. 我喜欢能让我思考的电影。 _______________________________________________ 答案：I like movies which make me think. 解析：先行词 “movies” 指物，用 which 引导，从句谓语动词 make。 2. 这是我买的第一本书。 _______________________________________________ 答案：This is the first book that I bought. 解析：先行词被序数词修饰，用 that 引导，从句时态为一般过去时 bought。 3. 你认识那个穿蓝色衣服的女孩吗？ _______________________________________________ 答案：Do you know the girl who wears blue clothes? 解析：先行词 “girl” 指人，用 who 引导，从句谓语动词 wears。 4. 我丢的钥匙找到了。 _______________________________________________ 答案：The key which I lost was found. 解析：先行词 “key” 指物，用 which 引导，主句时态为一般过去时 was found。 5. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的朋友。 _______________________________________________ 答案：The girl who is singing is my friend. 解析：先行词 “girl” 指人，用 who 引导，从句用现在进行时 is singing。 6. 他是我见过的最聪明的学生。 _______________________________________________ 答案：He is the cleverest student whom/who I have seen. 解析：先行词student指人，在从句中做宾语,用 whom/who 引导，从句用现在完成时 seen。 7. 你读过他写的书吗？ _______________________________________________ 答案：Have you read the book which he wrote? 解析：先行词 “book” 指物，用 which 引导，从句时态为一般过去时 wrote。 8. 我喜欢歌词优美的歌曲。 _______________________________________________ 答案：I like songs which have beautiful lyrics. 解析：先行词 “songs” 指物，用 which 引导，从句谓语动词 have。 9. 这是我唯一想要的礼物。 _______________________________________________ 答案：This is the only gift that I want. 解析：先行词被 “the only” 修饰，用 that 引导，从句时态为一般现在时 want。 10. 你认识正在画画的那个男孩吗？ _______________________________________________ 答案：Do you know the boy who is drawing? 解析：先行词 “boy” 指人，用 who 引导，从句用现在进行时 is drawing。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：和那些过去三年与我们共度时光的老师们告别很难。 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；what不引导定语从句。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词teachers，指人，需用关系代词who引导。故选B。 2．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么样的课外活动？——我喜欢那些关于体育和艺术的活动。 考查定语从句关系词。who谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom谁，引导定语从句时，在句中作宾语，先行词指人；which哪一个，引导定语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；/不填。根据“activities ...are about P. E. and art”可知，先行词“activities”是物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故选C。 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 4．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those ________ grow up in the right family, while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有些人认为成功只属于那些有天赋的人或那些成长在合适的家庭的人，而另一些人则认为成功主要取决于努力工作。 考查定语从句。who先行词是人，在句中作主语/宾语；whose谁的；which先行词是物，在句中作主语/宾语；whom先行词是人，在句中作宾语。本句是定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who。故选A。 6．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。 考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语；which先行词为物；whose先行词为人，在从句中充当定语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导。故选B。 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的那些人。 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是“the people”，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who引导定语从句。故选A。 8．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。 考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词the movies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，且不可省略。故选B。 10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．which B．who C．whom D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：去年竣工的航天广场已成为一个新的旅游景点。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“...was completed last year”是作定语修饰The Aerospace Square，所以是定语从句，先行词是物，空处在句中作主语，所以用关系词which引导。故选A。 11．（2023·吉林·中考真题）The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these days. A．who B．where C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些天，学生们正在读充满“红色精神”的书。 考查定语从句。who谁；where哪儿；which哪个。本句含定语从句，先行词books指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。 12．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies _________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。 考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。 13．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best? — I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢什么类型的书？——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词books是指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系词which引导定语从句，故选C。 14．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。 考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 15．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远会与你分享欢笑和泪水的人。 考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词a person指人，且连接词在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选C。 16．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 17．（2023·西藏·中考真题）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present. A．which B．who C．what D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员。 考查定语从句。根据语境，题干设空后是一个定语从句，先行词指人，空处作主语，因此应用who作关系词。故选B。 18．（2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题）The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：给我们在太空上上了一课的女宇航员叫刘洋。 考查定语从句。先行词是The woman astronaut，是人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 19．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你心目中的英雄是谁？——黄大年。他是一位帮助中国在深海勘探方面取得巨大进展的科学家。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。 20．（2023·青海·中考真题）A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A．whom B．whose C．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最好的朋友是当你需要他或她时总是在那里的人。俗话说：“患难见真情。” 考查定语从句关系词。根据“a person ... is always there when you need him or her”可知此处是定语从句，先行词指人且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选C。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·浙江杭州·三模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个恰当的词, 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 When people think of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors, they might picture an elderly man. But He Suye—a young and talented Chinese doctor in the medical-romance drama, The Best Thing (《爱你》)—may change that image (形象). Zhang Linghe, the 27-year-old actor who 1 (play) him, explained that He Suye is hard-working and professional. 2 outside of work, he also has many hobbies, such as skateboarding and eating malatang. To prepare 3 this role, Zhang learned skills such as acupuncture (针灸) and pulse diagnosis (把脉). “This is my 4 (one) time playing a doctor. Besides understanding the treatment 5 (method), I have also developed a deeper appreciation for the spirit of TCM, which has helped me take better care of my own health,” Zhang said. The drama shows the medical applications of TCM, especially in 6 (treat) serious conditions. In one episode (剧集), he uses “wet cupping (拔罐)” to help a patient 7 has trouble breathing. “This is a typical example of TCM’s role in emergency treatment. However, if this method doesn’t work, we must 8 (quick) turn to modern medical interventions (介入),” explained Zhang Ying, an expert adviser (顾问) for the drama. Since it started showing on international platforms, the drama 9 (be) well-received by viewers overseas. “TCM is 10 important part of Chinese culture. I hope this drama makes it fun and accessible worldwide,” said Zhang Linghe. 【答案】 1. plays 2. But 3. for 4. first 5. methods 6. treating 7. who/that 8. quickly 9. has been 10. an 【导语】本文围绕医疗爱情剧《爱你》展开，介绍了剧中年轻中医贺苏叶的形象特点，饰演者张凌赫为角色做的准备，包括学习中医技能以及对中医精神有更深理解。该剧展示了中医的医疗应用，尤其在治疗重症方面的作用，播出后受到海外观众好评，演员希望借此剧让中医在全球变得有趣且易于理解，弘扬中国文化。 1. 句意：27 岁的演员张凌赫饰演这个角色，他解释说何苏叶工作努力且专业。根据“Zhang Linghe, the 27-year-old actor who...him, explained...”可知，“who...him”是定语从句，修饰先行词“ the 27-year-old actor ”，在从句中作主语；此处描述的是一般性情况，所以用一般现在时，who指代actor，是单数第三人称，动词play要用第三人称单数形式plays。故填plays。 2. 句意：但是在工作之余，他也有很多爱好，比如滑板和吃麻辣烫。根据“...outside of work, he also has many hobbies...”可知，此处转折到另一个话题，用but衔接。故填But。 3. 句意：为了准备这个角色，张凌赫学习了针灸和把脉等技能。根据“To prepare...this role, Zhang learned skills...”可知，“prepare for...”是固定短语，意思是“为……做准备”。故填for。 4. 句意：这是我第一次扮演医生。根据“This is my...time playing a doctor.”可知，这里是在说第一次做某事，“one”的序数词形式是first，表示“第一”，“this is one’s first time doing sth.”是固定句型，意思是“这是某人第一次做某事”。故填first。 5. 句意：除了了解治疗方法，我也对中医精神有了更深刻的认识，这有助于我更好地照顾自己的健康。“Besides understanding the treatment...”可知，这里表示多种治疗方法，“method”是可数名词，所以要用复数形式 methods。故填methods。 6. 句意：这部剧展示了中医的医学应用，尤其是在治疗严重病症方面。根据“The drama shows the medical applications of TCM, especially in...serious conditions.”可知，“in”是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式，treat的动名词形式是treating。故填treating。 7. 句意：在一集中，他用“拔罐”帮助一位呼吸困难的病人。根据“he uses ‘wet cupping (拔罐)’ to help a patient... has trouble breathing.”可知，“...has trouble breathing”是定语从句，修饰先行词“a patient”，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，所以可以用who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 8. 句意：然而，如果这种方法不起作用，我们必须迅速转向现代医疗干预措施。根据“if this method doesn’t work, we must...turn to modern medical interventions”可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“turn”，“quick”的副词形式是 quickly，表示“迅速地”。故填quickly。 9. 句意：自从在国际平台上播出以来，这部剧受到了海外观众的好评。根据“Since it started showing on international platforms, the drama... well - received by viewers overseas.”可知，这里要用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语the drama 是单数，助动词用has，be的过去分词是been。结合故填has been。 10. 句意：中医是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。根据“TCM is...important part of Chinese culture.”可知，此处表示泛指“一个”，“part”是可数名词单数，“important”读音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 Passage 2 （2025·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Follow these four steps to develop your own personal learning plan and work to achieve your goals. ◆Find a learning goal Before creating a 1 (person) learning plan, you need to find your goal. Your goal should be possible, and challenging enough to challenge you. It should also be important enough for you to focus on it over other 2 (thing). ◆Break your goal into smaller goals It will be easier to reach if you break your final goal into smaller ones. You need to see these smaller goals as the helpers to help you achieve your goals. Once your final goal 3 (break) into smaller goals, it’ll be clear what you need to learn and how to get there. ◆Develop your plan Make 4 plan after finding your general goal and smaller goals. Organize your plan in an order and list each of your learning goals. And then you must decide the actions 5 you should take. And do not forget the date when you would like 6 (complete) each action. ◆Hold yourself accountable (对自己负责) Your work has just begun after you’ve made a learning plan. It’s important that you take responsibility for 7 (you) and follow the learning activities you’ve planned. 8 (learn) new skills can take time, but you have to put in the necessary time to meet your goals. Try to spend more time each week 9 your learning. A learning plan organizes goals, timelines, and actions. When you follow it and be responsible, you’ll 10 (true) find the power of regular learning. 【答案】 1. personal 2. things 3. is broken 4. a 5. that/which 6. to complete 7. yourself/yourselves 8. Learning/To learn 9. on 10. truly 【导语】本文主要介绍了制定个人学习计划并实现目标的四个步骤，即找到学习目标、将目标分解为小目标、制定计划以及对自己负责。 1. 句意：在创建个人学习计划之前，你需要找到你的目标。根据“Before creating a ... learning plan”可知，learning plan是名词短语，要用形容词修饰，person的形容词形式为personal“个人的”，形容词作定语。故填personal。 2. 句意：它也应该足够重要，让你能专注于它而非其他事情。根据“... to focus on it over other ...”可知，other后接可数名词复数，thing的复数形式为things“事情”。故填things。 3. 句意：一旦你的最终目标被分解为更小的目标，你需要学习什么以及如何实现目标就会很清楚。根据“Once your final goal ... into smaller goals”可知，goal和break之间是被动关系，即目标被分解，要用被动语态，且主语your final goal是单数，句子时态为一般现在时，要用“is+过去分词”结构，break的过去分词为broken“分解”。故填is broken。 4. 句意：在找到你的总体目标和小目标后，制定一个计划。根据“Make ... plan”可知，plan是辅音音素开头的可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个计划”，要用不定冠词a。故填a。 5. 句意：然后你必须决定你应该采取的行动。根据“And then you must decide the actions ... you should take.”可知，该句子为定语从句，先行词actions是物，在从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 6. 句意：并且不要忘记你想要完成每个行动的日期。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，此处要用complete的动词不定式to complete“去完成”。故填to complete。 7. 句意：对你（们）自己负责并遵循你计划的学习活动是很重要的。根据“you take responsibility for ...”可知，此处强调对你（们）自己负责，要用you的反身代词yourself“你自己”或yourselves“你们自己”。故填yourself/yourselves。 8. 句意：学习新技能可能需要时间，但你必须投入必要的时间来实现你的目标。根据“... new skills can take time, but you ...”可知，空处作主语，可用动名词或动词不定式，learn的动名词形式为learning，不定式形式为to learn，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填Learning/To learn。 9. 句意：尽量每周花更多时间在你的学习上。spend time on sth.“在某事上花费时间”，要用介词on。故填on。 10. 句意：当你遵循它并负责时，你将真正发现常规学习的力量。根据“you’ll ... find the power of regular learning”可知，find是动词，修饰动词可用副词，true的副词形式为truly“真正地”。故填truly。 Passage 3 （2025·吉林长春·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese culture. In Peking Opera, each character has their own face painted in a special way. People can know who is good or bad by 1 (look) at the face painting. Where did this kind of face painting 2 (possible) come from? An old story tells us that it was related to Prince Lanling. This prince was one of the most handsome men in ancient China. Some fighters in the prince’s army 3 (think) that he was weak because of his good-looking face. So, to make himself look even 4 (strong), the prince wore a mask with an ugly face painted on it. Another story about face painting has something to do 5 Li Longji, an emperor in the Tang Dynasty. He loved opera very much. One day, the actor 6 played the clown (小丑) in Peking Opera fell ill before a performance, so the emperor decided to play this role 7 (he). He covered part of his face with a piece of white jade (玉) so that others wouldn’t be able to know him. As 8 result, the cover on the clown’s face became a tradition. Later, the 9 (act) who played the clown used white powder (粉末) instead of the jade. As time went on, face painting 10 (use) to show the characters of different roles. It has become one of many special ways of expression of Peking Opera. 【答案】 1. looking 2. possibly 3. thought 4. stronger 5. with 6. who/that 7. himself 8. a 9. actor 10. was used 【导语】本文主要介绍了京剧脸谱的起源及其发展历程。 1. 句意：人们可以通过看脸谱来知道谁是好人或坏人。介词by后接动名词，故填looking。 2. 句意：这种脸谱可能源自哪里？根据“Where did this kind of face painting...(possible) come from?”可知，空处修饰动词短语“come from”，应用possible的副词形式possibly。故填possibly。 3. 句意：王子的军队里的一些战士因为他长得好看而认为他很软弱。结合上下文可知，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填thought。 4. 句意：因此，为了让自己看起来更强悍，王子戴上了一个面具，上面画着一张丑陋的面孔。根据“look even...(strong)”可知，空前有even，修饰比较级，空处应是stronger，在此处作表语。故填stronger。 5. 句意：另一个关于脸谱的故事与唐朝皇帝李隆基有关。have something to do with“与……有关”，是固定搭配。故填with。 6. 句意：一天，京剧里扮演小丑的演员在演出前生病了，于是皇帝决定亲自出演这个角色。分析句子“the actor...played the clown (小丑) in Peking Opera fell ill before a performance,”可知，“...played the clown (小丑) in Peking Opera”是定语从句，先行词“the actor”指人，该从句的引导词应是who/that，并在从句中充当主语。故填who/that。 7. 句意：一天，京剧里扮演小丑的演员在演出前生病了，于是皇帝决定亲自出演这个角色。根据“so the emperor decided to play this role...(he)”可知，此处指皇帝决定亲自出演这个角色，do sth. (by) oneself“某人亲自/独自做某事”，空处应是he的反身代词himself。故填himself。 8. 句意：结果，小丑脸上的遮盖物便成了一项传统。as a result“因此”，是固定搭配。故填a。 9. 句意：后来，扮演小丑的演员用白粉代替了玉。根据“the...(act) who played the clown”可知，此处指扮演小丑的演员，空处应是名词actor，在句中作主语。故填actor。 10. 句意：随着时间的推移，脸谱被用来表现不同角色的性格。根据“As time went on, face painting...(use) to show the characters of different roles.”可知，此处是be used to do“被用于做某事”，结合“went on”，可知句子用一般过去时，主语是“face painting”，be动词应是was。故填was used。 16 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Module 11 Photos 模块核心语法精练（ which和who引导的定语从句） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、单句语法填空 4 三、完成句子 4 四、翻译语句 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 单项法选择 6 题型二 语法填空 7 在复合句中，which 和 who 作为关系代词引导定语从句，用于修饰先行词。which 主要指代物，who 主要指代人，二者在从句中可作主语或宾语。定语从句的基本结构为 “先行词 + 关系词 + 从句”，关系词需根据先行词的类型和在从句中的成分选择。 关系代词 指代 在从句中的成分 例句 which 物 主语或宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine.（桌上的书是我的。） The movie which we watched was exciting.（我们看的电影很精彩。） who 人 主语或宾语 The girl who sings well is my classmate.（唱歌好听的女孩是我同学。） The man who I met yesterday is a doctor.（昨天我遇见的男人是医生。） 注意事项 1. which 的特殊用法： 当先行词前有介词时，只能用 which，不能用 that。 例：This is the room in which he lived.（这是他住过的房间。） 非限制性定语从句中只能用 which，不能用 that。 例：The house, which was built in 1990, is still in good condition.（这栋建于 1990 年的房子依然完好。） 2. who 与 whom 的区别： who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 仅作宾语，且可省略或被 who/that 替代。 例：The person who/whom you met is my teacher.（你遇见的人是我老师。）[whom 作宾语，可替换为 who/that] 3. which 与 that 的替换规则： 指物时，which 和 that 多数情况可互换，但下列情况只能用 that： 先行词同时指人和物； 先行词为不定代词（all, anything 等）； 先行词被序数词、最高级或 the only 等修饰。 例：I like the books that/which are interesting.（我喜欢有趣的书。）[可互换] 例：This is the only book that I need.（这是我唯一需要的书。）[只能用 that] 4. 作宾语时的省略： which 和 who 在从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略。 例：The pen (which) I bought is blue.（我买的笔是蓝色的。）[which 作宾语，可省略] 例：The boy who stands there is my brother.（站在那里的男孩是我弟弟。）[who 作主语，不可省略] 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. （2025・黑龙江牡丹江模拟）The "Kemusan" dance is an eye-catching performance ________ is quite popular this year. A. who B. which C. whose D. where 2. （2025・吉林长春专题练习）As a science lover, I hope to invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A. where B. when C. which D. who 3. （2025・四川遂宁模拟预测）—What movies do you like best? —I like those ________ make me feel relaxed. A. what B. which C. who D. whom 4. （2023・吉林模拟预测）The students are reading books ________ are full of "red spirit". A. who B. where C. whom D. which 5. （2022・辽宁朝阳模拟预测）I prefer movies ________ give me something to think about. A. whom B. who C. which D. where 6. （2025・西藏模拟）Although my grandpa is over 90, he remembers the people ________ he met young. A. who B. when C. where D. which 7. （2025・内蒙古模拟）In difficult times, there are heroes ________ step up and bring hope. A. whom B. who C. which D. whose 8. （2024・内蒙古呼和浩特模拟预测）Some think success is for those with talent or ________ grow up in good families. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 9. （2024・甘肃临夏专题练习）A true friend is someone ________ helps you in trouble. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 10. （2024・甘肃白银专题练习）Linda likes musicians ________ play different kinds of music. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom 11. （2024・四川泸州模拟预测）A true friend is someone __________will always share your laughter and tears. A. what B. which C. who D. whom 12. （2023・辽宁朝阳中考）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 13. （2023・西藏专题练习）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China now. A. which B. who C. what D. where 14. （2023・辽宁阜新模拟）The woman astronaut ________ gave us a space lesson is Liu Yang. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 15. （2023・黑龙江哈尔滨专题练习）—Who is your hero? —Huang Danian. He’s a scientist ________ helps China in deep-sea exploration. A. where B. which C. who D. whom 二、单句语法填空（10 小题） 1. The old stone house ________ stands quietly on the green hilltop near the lake was built in 1950. 2. The girl who________ (wear) a bright red scarf in the group photo is my new classmate from Beijing. 3. The thick book ________ I borrowed from Lucy yesterday afternoon is very interesting for teenagers. 4. The first young student ________ arrived at the new science lab today was Tom with a notebook. 5. The exciting movie ________ we watched together last night at the cinema was directed by a famous director. 6. The only small thing ________ he wants badly for his birthday is a new blue bicycle. 7. The hard-working students ________ passed the difficult math exam yesterday are from Class Two. 8. The funny story ________ she told us loudly in the classroom yesterday was written by a children’s author. 9. The best new way ________ learns English efficiently is to practice speaking daily. 10. The old computer ________ I use for online classes every day is very slow but still useful. 三、完成句子:每空仅填一词（10 小题） 1. 我喜欢可以跟着唱的音乐。 I like music ________ I can ________ ________ ________. 2. 他更喜欢演奏安静音乐的乐队。 He prefers bands ________ ________ quiet music. 3. 那个扮演英雄的演员曾是教师。 The actor ________ ________ the hero used to be a teacher. 4. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 This is the most interesting movie ________ I have ________. 5. 你认识正在和老师谈话的女孩吗？ Do you know the girl ________ ________ to the teacher? 6. 我丢的那支笔是蓝色的。 The pen ________ I ________ is blue. 7. 这些是我上周买的书。 These are the books ________ I ________ last week. 8. 他是帮助我学习的同学。 He is the classmate ________ ________ me with study. 9. 你喜欢哪种音乐？ What kind of music ________ you like ________ has great lyrics? 10. 正在打篮球的男孩是我的弟弟。 The boy ________ ________ ________ basketball is my brother. 四、翻译语句（10 小题） 1. 我喜欢能让我思考的电影。 _______________________________________________ 2. 这是我买的第一本书。 _______________________________________________ 3. 你认识那个穿蓝色衣服的女孩吗？ _______________________________________________ 4. 我丢的钥匙找到了。 _______________________________________________ 5. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的朋友。 _______________________________________________ 6. 他是我见过的最聪明的学生。 _______________________________________________ 7. 你读过他写的书吗？ _______________________________________________ 8. 我喜欢歌词优美的歌曲。 _______________________________________________ 9. 这是我唯一想要的礼物。 _______________________________________________ 10. 你认识正在画画的那个男孩吗？ _______________________________________________ 一、单项选择 1．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）It’s hard to say goodbye to the teachers ________ have spent the past three years with us. A．which B．who C．what 2．（2025·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kinds of after-school activities do you like? —I like those activities ________ are about P.E. and art. A．who B．whom C．which D．/ 3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 4．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those ________ grow up in the right family, while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work. A．who B．whose C．which D．whom 6．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 7．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 8．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 9．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．which B．who C．whom D．where 11．（2023·吉林·中考真题）The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these days. A．who B．where C．which 12．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like? —I prefer movies _________ me something to think about. A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives 13．（2022·四川乐山·中考真题）— What kind of books do you like best? — I like books ________ are about science and technology. A．who B．whom C．which 14．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 15．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 16．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 17．（2023·西藏·中考真题）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present. A．which B．who C．what D．where 18．（2023·辽宁阜新·中考真题）The woman astronaut ________ gave us a lesson on space is Liu Yang. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 19．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Who is the hero in your mind? —Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great progress in deep-sea exploration (勘探). A．where B．which C．who 20．（2023·青海·中考真题）A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A．whom B．whose C．who 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·浙江杭州·三模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个恰当的词, 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 When people think of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors, they might picture an elderly man. But He Suye—a young and talented Chinese doctor in the medical-romance drama, The Best Thing (《爱你》)—may change that image (形象). Zhang Linghe, the 27-year-old actor who 1 (play) him, explained that He Suye is hard-working and professional. 2 outside of work, he also has many hobbies, such as skateboarding and eating malatang. To prepare 3 this role, Zhang learned skills such as acupuncture (针灸) and pulse diagnosis (把脉). “This is my 4 (one) time playing a doctor. Besides understanding the treatment 5 (method), I have also developed a deeper appreciation for the spirit of TCM, which has helped me take better care of my own health,” Zhang said. The drama shows the medical applications of TCM, especially in 6 (treat) serious conditions. In one episode (剧集), he uses “wet cupping (拔罐)” to help a patient 7 has trouble breathing. “This is a typical example of TCM’s role in emergency treatment. However, if this method doesn’t work, we must 8 (quick) turn to modern medical interventions (介入),” explained Zhang Ying, an expert adviser (顾问) for the drama. Since it started showing on international platforms, the drama 9 (be) well-received by viewers overseas. “TCM is 10 important part of Chinese culture. I hope this drama makes it fun and accessible worldwide,” said Zhang Linghe. Passage 2 （2025·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Follow these four steps to develop your own personal learning plan and work to achieve your goals. ◆Find a learning goal Before creating a 1 (person) learning plan, you need to find your goal. Your goal should be possible, and challenging enough to challenge you. It should also be important enough for you to focus on it over other 2 (thing). ◆Break your goal into smaller goals It will be easier to reach if you break your final goal into smaller ones. You need to see these smaller goals as the helpers to help you achieve your goals. Once your final goal 3 (break) into smaller goals, it’ll be clear what you need to learn and how to get there. ◆Develop your plan Make 4 plan after finding your general goal and smaller goals. Organize your plan in an order and list each of your learning goals. And then you must decide the actions 5 you should take. And do not forget the date when you would like 6 (complete) each action. ◆Hold yourself accountable (对自己负责) Your work has just begun after you’ve made a learning plan. It’s important that you take responsibility for 7 (you) and follow the learning activities you’ve planned. 8 (learn) new skills can take time, but you have to put in the necessary time to meet your goals. Try to spend more time each week 9 your learning. A learning plan organizes goals, timelines, and actions. When you follow it and be responsible, you’ll 10 (true) find the power of regular learning. Passage 3 （2025·吉林长春·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Peking Opera is a traditional Chinese culture. In Peking Opera, each character has their own face painted in a special way. People can know who is good or bad by 1 (look) at the face painting. Where did this kind of face painting 2 (possible) come from? An old story tells us that it was related to Prince Lanling. This prince was one of the most handsome men in ancient China. Some fighters in the prince’s army 3 (think) that he was weak because of his good-looking face. So, to make himself look even 4 (strong), the prince wore a mask with an ugly face painted on it. Another story about face painting has something to do 5 Li Longji, an emperor in the Tang Dynasty. He loved opera very much. One day, the actor 6 played the clown (小丑) in Peking Opera fell ill before a performance, so the emperor decided to play this role 7 (he). He covered part of his face with a piece of white jade (玉) so that others wouldn’t be able to know him. As 8 result, the cover on the clown’s face became a tradition. Later, the 9 (act) who played the clown used white powder (粉末) instead of the jade. As time went on, face painting 10 (use) to show the characters of different roles. It has become one of many special ways of expression of Peking Opera. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$