新课1 必修第一册 Unit 1 School Life（词汇+课文）（沪外版2020）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

沪外版必修一Unit 1 School Life（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、单元词汇概览： 单词 词性 释义 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 related adj. 相关的；有联系的 creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 stare v. 盯着看；凝视 blank adj. 空白的 sheet n. 一张 essay n. 文章，短文 actually adv. 事实上，的确 fiction n. 小说 distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 alien n. 外星人；外星生物 ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 beg v. 恳求；哀求 sort n. 种类；类别 rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 pressure n. 心理压力；紧张；v.逼迫 expectation n. 希望；盼望 comfort n. 安慰；慰藉；v.安慰 throughout prep. 自始至终 adult adj. 成年人的；n.成年人 reflect v. 认真思考；深思 nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 comment n. 议论；评论 glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 behaviour n. 行为；举止 shortage n. 不足；缺少 genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 forward adv. 向前 chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 limitation n. 限制；不足之处 under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 tip n. 指点；实用的提示 regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 facility n. 设施；设备 puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 take part in 动词短语 参与某事 concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 二、重点词汇词形转化： 1. assignment（n. 任务） · 动词：assign（分派；布置） · 派生词：assigned（adj. 分配的）；assignable（adj. 可分配的） 2. creative（adj. 创造性的） · 名词：creativity（创造力）；creator（创造者） · 动词：create（创造） · 副词：creatively（创造性地） 3. fiction（n. 小说） · 形容词：fictional（虚构的；小说的） · 派生词：fictionally（adv. 虚构地）；fictioneer（n. 小说作家） 4. pressure（n. 压力；v. 逼迫） · 形容词：pressured（有压力的）；pressurizing（adj. 增压的） · 动词：pressurize（使增压；迫使） 5. expectation（n. 期望） · 动词：expect（期待；预料） · 形容词：expected（预期的）；unexpected（意外的） · 副词：expectedly（预期地）；unexpectedly（意外地） 6. comfort（n. 安慰；v. 安慰） · 形容词：comfortable（舒适的）；uncomfortable（不舒适的） · 副词：comfortably（舒适地）；uncomfortably（不舒适地） · 派生词：comforter（n. 安慰者；羽绒被） 7. reflect（v. 思考；反射） · 名词：reflection（思考；反射） · 形容词：reflective（沉思的；反射的） · 副词：reflectively（沉思地） 8. comment（n. 评论；v. 评论） · 形容词：commentable（可评论的） · 派生词：commentary（n. 评论；解说）；commentator（n. 评论员） 9. behaviour（n. 行为） · 动词：behave（表现；举止端正） · 形容词：behaved（表现… 的）；behavioural（行为的） · 副词：behaviourally（行为上地） 10. concentrate（v. 集中注意力） · 名词：concentration（专注；浓度） · 形容词：concentrated（集中的；浓缩的） · 副词：concentratedly（集中地） 转化规律说明 1. 动词变名词：多数通过添加后缀（如 -tion, -sion, -ment），例如 expect → expectation、reflect → reflection。 2. 形容词变副词：通常加 -ly，例如 creative → creatively、reflective → reflectively。 3. 名词变形容词：添加 -al, -ial, -able 等后缀，例如 fiction → fictional、comfort → comfortable。 4. 不规则转化：如 behaviour 对应动词 behave，词形变化需特殊记忆。 三、重点词块/短语： 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 四、核心单词精讲： 1. assignment n. (分派的)任务 The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests. 这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。 【拓展】 assign /əˈsaɪn/ 1）. V-T If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do. 布置 (任务) When I taught, I would assign a topic to children that they would write about. 教书时，我会给孩子们布置个写作题。 Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers. 今年晚些时候，她将给他们布置论文。 2）. V-T If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use. 分配 (某物) The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker. 卖方经纪人则被要求分给买方经纪人一部分佣金。 【固定搭配】 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事。 Judy, it is my great privilege to officially assign you to the heart of Zootopia. 朱迪，我很荣幸能正式把你指派到疯狂动物城的中心。 2. related adj. 相关的；有联系的 Light industry is closely related to agriculture.  轻工业和农业密切相关。 【固定搭配】 be related to… 与…相关。 The speed of Covid-19 spread is closely related to people’s wearing masks or not. 新冠的传播速度和人们戴不戴口罩密切相关。 3. creative adj. 创造(性)的；创作的 Like so many creative people, he was never satisfied. 正如许多有创造力的人一样，他永不满足。 We need to produce better creative if we want to attract big clients.  要吸引大客户，我们就得拿出更好的创意。 4. stare v. 盯着看；凝视 It's harmful for your eyes to stare at the computer or mobile phone screen for a long time.  长时间盯着电脑或手机屏幕对你的眼睛有害。 【固定搭配】 stare at…盯着…看；凝视 【近义词辨析】 peer, glance, stare, gaze, glare 这组词都有“看，瞧”的意思，都可以和at形成搭配；其区别是： peer 指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。 glance 指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。 stare 侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。 gaze 指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。 glare 指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。 5. blank adj. 空白的 He tore a blank page from his notebook. 他从笔记本上撕下一页白纸 【拓展】 1. (表格等的) 空白处 Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. 在每个空格处填一个单词完成句子。 2. 茫然的; 无表情的; 漠然的 Abbot looked blank. "I don't quite follow, sir." 阿博特一脸茫然，“我不太明白，先生。” 3. (头脑、记忆等的) 一片空白 I'm sorry, but my mind is a blank. 很抱歉，可是我脑子里一片空白。 6. actually adv. 事实 上，的确 One afternoon, I got bored and actually fell asleep for a few minutes. 一天下午，我感到很无聊，实际上有几分钟还睡着了。 【同义短语】 actually= in fact 7. distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；远房的 The mountains rolled away to a distant horizon. 群山绵延至遥远的天边。 There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant future. 然而毋庸置疑的是，事情在不远的将来会有改观。 He's a distant relative of the mayor. 他是市长的远房亲戚。 8. ignore v. 忽视；对……不予理会 She said her husband ignored her. 她说她丈夫对她置之不理。 It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion.  忽略他的意见是不对的。 【同根词拓展】 ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ n. 无知 I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history. 我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。 9. beg v. 恳求；哀求 I begged him to come back to New York with me. 我请求他和我一起回纽约。 【词组及短语】 beg for food 乞求 beg your pardon 对不起，请原谅 go begging vi. 行乞；销路极差 beg off 请求免除 【固定搭配】 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人去做某事。 beg one's pardon 请某人再说一遍 10. sort n. 种类；类别 There are so many different sorts of mushrooms available these days. 这些日子可买到各种各样的蘑菇。 He seemed to be just the right sort for the job. 他似乎就是该工作的合适人选。 【拓展】 1）. 分类 He sorted the materials into their folders. 他将材料分类放入他们的文件夹里。 He unlatched the box and sorted through the papers. 他打开盒子的锁，在文件里分类拣选。 2）. All sorts of things or people means a large number of different things or people. 各种各样 There are all sorts of animals, including bears, pigs, kangaroos, and penguins. 有各种各样的动物，包括熊、猪、袋鼠和企鹅。 It was used by all sorts of people. 它被各种人使用。 【词组及短语】 sort of 有几分地；到某种程度；稍稍 some sort of 某种的；多少有些；仿佛 sort out 挑选出 of sorts 各种各样的 that sort of thing 那类事情 【近义词辨析】 category, sort, species, classification, class, type, variety, kind 这组词都有“种，类，类型”的意思，其区别是： category 书面用词，特指有确切定义的群体。 sort 普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。 species 书面用词，单复数同形。指生物分类上的种。 classification 指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。 class 正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。 type 指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。 variety 强调有各自的特点，形式不同，品质不同的种类。 kind 指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西。 11. harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的；刺耳的 He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents. 他说了许多关于他对手的严厉且残酷的话。 It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice. 可惜她有这么一种响亮刺耳的声音。 12. pressure n. 心理压力；紧张 He didn't put any pressure on her. 他并没有给她施加任何压力。 Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. 青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。 【拓展】 pressure. v. 对…施加压力 He will never pressure you to get married. 他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。 pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人去做某事。 13. expectation n.希望；盼望 There was an air of expectation and great curiosity. 有着一种期待和好奇的感觉。 【常见短语】 in expectation 期望着；意料之中 expectation value 期待值 expectation of life 平均寿命；预期寿命（等于life expectancy） mathematical expectation 数学的期望值 live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望 rational expectation 理性预期；合理预期 beyond expectation 出乎意料 out of expectation 出乎意料 expectation effect 期望效应 have expectations of (对…)抱有期望 14. comfort n. 安慰；慰藉 It's a comfort talking to you. 与你谈谈是一种安慰。 v. to make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them 安慰；抚慰 Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 内德搂着她，试图安慰她。 15. throughout prep/adv 自始至终; 各处；遍及 Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated throughout the film. 电影音乐可以制作得令人难忘，因为其主旋律在影片中反复出现。 The floods caused havoc throughout the area.  洪水给整个地区带来了灾害。 16. reflect v. 认真思考；深思 (reflect on) We should all give ourselves time to reflect. 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。 Over the next few years many people had occasion to reflect on the truth of his warnings. 在随后的几年里许多人有机会反思他那些警告的真相。 v. to show or be a sign of the nature or of sb’s attitude or feeling 显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等) A newspaper report seems to reflect the view of most members of Congress. 报纸的一篇报导似乎反映了国会多数议员的观点。 v. 反射 The sun reflected off the snow-covered mountains. 阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。 【词组短语】 reflect on 仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑 reflect upon vt. 考虑（回想；回顾） 17. nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 The guards looked really nasty. 那些警卫看上去真可恶。 He had a temper and could be nasty. 他脾气暴躁，会令人讨厌。 18. comment n. 议论；评论 He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam. 他在阿姆斯特丹的一次记者招待会上做了评论。 There's been no comment so far from police about the allegations. 到目前为止还没有来自警方的对那些指控的任何解释。 no comment 无可奉告！ 【拓展】 comment v. 评论（~ on sth）; 解释 So far, Mr. Cook has not commented on these reports. 到目前为止，库克先生还未对这些报告进行过评论。 You really can't comment until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 One student commented that she preferred literature to social science. 一位学生解释说，较之于社会科学她更喜欢文学。 19. glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 One could tell at a glance that she was a compassionate person. 一眼就能看出她是一个富有同情心的人。 Trevor and I exchanged a glance. 特雷弗和我相互瞥了一眼。 【拓展】 glance v. 浏览；瞥 He glanced at his watch. 他瞥了一下手表。 I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，浏览了一下。 【近义词辨析】 peer, glance, stare, gaze, glare 这组词都有“看，瞧”的意思，都可以和at形成搭配；其区别是： peer 指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。 glance 指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。 stare 侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。 gaze 指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。 glare 指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。 【词组短语】 at a glance 一瞥；看一眼 glance at 看一下，浏览；提到，影射 at first glance 乍一看，初看；第一眼就…… glance over 浏览；简略阅读 glance through 浏览 20. behaviour n. 行为；举止 Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded. 确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。 I can't forgive that type of behaviour. 我不能宽恕那种行为。 【拓展】 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 1). 行为; 表现 I couldn't believe these people were behaving in this way. 我无法相信这些人竟这样行事。 2) .使…规矩; 规矩地行事 You have to behave. 你得守规矩。 21. shortage n. 不足；缺少 They face a desperate shortage of clean water. 他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。 【词组短语】 shortage of 缺少…… water shortage 缺水；水量不足；枯水 shortage of water resources 水资源短缺 food shortage 粮食短缺 power shortage 电力短缺 fund shortage 资金不足， 资金短缺 shortage of capital 资金短缺 material shortage 材料紧缺 housing shortage 房荒；住房紧张；住宅不足 labor shortage 劳力短缺，劳动力短缺 manpower shortage 劳动力短缺 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺；淡水资源短缺 shortage of manpower 劳动力短缺；缺乏劳力 22. genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it. 如果这份帮助是真诚的，我将愉快地接受它。 Only genuine refugees can apply for tents. 只有真正的难民才能申请帐篷。 23. tempt v.引诱；诱惑 It is the fresh fruit that tempts me at this time of year. 只有新鲜的水果才会在每年的这个时候吸引我。 Cars like that may tempt drivers to speed. 那样的汽车可能会引诱司机超速行驶 【固定搭配】 tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人去做某事。 24. limitation n. 起限制作用的规则(或事实、条件)；不足 之处 All the talk had been about the limitation of nuclear weapons. 整个会谈都是关于核武器的限制。 They would resist any limitation of their powers. 他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。 【词组短语】 time limitation 时间限制 limitation of liability 责任范围 space limitation 空间限制 limitation period 时效期 【拓展】 limit v. 限制 The protests were not limited to New York. 抗议活动并不仅限于纽约。 Efforts were made to limit the sale of alcohol. 做出努力来限制酒的销售。 be limited to…局限于… 25. gymnastics n.体操；体操训练 China made a clean sweep of the medals in the gymnastics events. 中国队在体操比赛中包揽了所有的奖牌。 gym n. 体育馆 26. tip n. 尖端；小费；实用的提示 The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers. 衣袖遮住了他的手，一直盖到他的手指尖。 It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs. 它说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。 I gave the barber a tip. 我给了理发师小费。 【拓展】 tip v. 倾倒 Tip the vegetables into a bowl. 把这些蔬菜倒进一个碗里。 27. regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis. 我们将定期在那里见面。 Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain. 经常锻炼有助于防止体重增加。 【常见短语】 1) on a regular basis 定期地；经常地 2) regular pattern 正规图样，正常模式 3) regular meeting 例会 4) regular exercise 常规性的锻炼；经常操练，按时训练 5) at regular intervals 每隔一定时间（距离） 6) regular season 常规赛；季赛 7) regular expression 正则表达式；正规表达式 8) regular work 固定工作 9) regular practice 习惯做法 10) regular price 正常价格 11) regular service 定期航行；定期服务；正常业务 12) regular customer 常客；老主顾 13) regular inspection 定期检查 14) regular bus 班车 15) regular army 正规军；常备军 16) regular school 正规学校 17) regular staff 正式职工 28. concentrate v. 集中(注意力)；聚精会神；集中于 It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself. 他能否专心学习并有所成就取决于他自己。 At work you need to be able to concentrate. 工作时你要能专心。 Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and northeastern regions. 意大利的工业区集中在该国中北部和东北部地区。 【搭配】 concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于 29. concern n.(对人、组织等)重要的事情 The technical aspects were the concern of the Army. 技术方面是军方负责的事。 【拓展】 1）n, 担忧 The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease. 该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。 2). vt. 使担忧 The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies. 日益增多的到泰国寻求避难的人数开始让西方援助机构感到担忧。 3). vt. If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important. 关心 I didn't concern myself with politics. 我不关心政治 30. puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的 Critics remain puzzled by the election results. 评论家们对选举结果仍感到困惑。 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： A WRITING ASSIGNMENT（一个写作作业） · Mrs. Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in something in some way related to summer vacation,” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But,” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.” Comment by F M: 该处是过去分词做后置定语；修饰something. be related to… 是与…有关的意思。 · The night Jim sat at his desk at home and started at a blank sheet of paper. He didn’t want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park, and two weeks of camp? Boring ... He’d actually been happy to get back to school. Comment by F M: 该处是典型的时间名词做时间状语。时间名词作状语时，前面的介词通常可以省略： This morning I met Mr. Lee at the school gate. We will have a class meeting today. Comment by F M: except 表示除去，是用减法： There is no one else except we two in this room. 这间屋子除了我们两个没有其他人。 besides表示除了…之外还有…的意思，是用加法。 There are two students in this classroom besides Mr. White. 教室里除了怀特先生之外还有另外2个学生。 （注意和介词beside区分：beside是介词，表示在…旁边： There is a girl beside Uncle Tom.汤姆叔叔旁边有一个女孩） except for 表示从整体中除去部分： This is a wonderful writing work except for some spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好作文，除了有几处拼写错误。 · So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn’t have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn’t have vacation ，either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations. Comment by F M: not…but…不是…而是… 注意和not only…but (also)…区分。 Comment by F M: 该处是一个定语从句；简单的定语从句初中也有接触，但是对一些语法名词比如先行词、关系代词、关系副词等可以先简单的讲解一下。 · The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, “Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted. Comment by F M: thinking是现在分词做伴随状语，表示和主句的谓语动词同时发生的动作。 Comment by F M: beg sb. to do sth. 祈求某人去做某事。 · But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays. Comment by F M: 本句是由It做形式主语的一个主语从句；真正的主语是后面的that从句。it做形式主语的主语从句有四种形式： 1、it+be+adj+that从句； 2、it+be+v-ed+that从句； 3、it+be+n.+that从句； 4、it+v.+that从句； The teacher said, “I’m going to pass back your summer vacation writing in a minute. I’m afraid I’ve got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.” Comment by F M: harsh words 刺耳的话 · “This is bad,” Jim thought, “I’m getting an F,I know it.” “But,” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.” Comment by F M: 有想象力的；Imagine的动词形式。 Jim couldn’t believe his ears. 【译文参考】 一次作文作业 · 英语老师皮博迪夫人给全班布置了一项写作作业。她说:“写一些和暑假有关的东西。”“尽可能地发挥你的创造力。但是，”老师补充说，“一定要用正确的拼写和语法。” · 那天晚上，吉姆坐在家里的书桌前，开始看一张白纸。他不想像往常一样写他的暑假。除了一条狗、一个水上公园和两周的野营，他还能写些什么呢?无聊……他其实很高兴能回到学校。 · 所以他想写什么就写什么。不是一篇文章，而是一篇短篇小说，科幻小说。它是关于一个遥远的星球，那里没有夏天——一直都是春天。而且也没有假期。那边的外星人一天工作24小时。他们希望自己有假期。 · 第二天早上，他交了那篇作文。但当晚晚些时候，他躺在床上，一直躺到凌晨3点，心里想着:“我为什么要那样做?”皮博迪夫人会认为我不重视这次作业吗?英语是他最喜欢的课。也许他会请求皮博迪太太给他个机会再写一封，她想要的那种。 · 但当他第二天去上课时，发现皮博迪太太已经读过并给作文评分了。 老师说:“我马上把你的暑假作文传回去。”恐怕我有些刺耳的话要说。几乎班上的每个人都写了一篇关于他或她的暑假的文章……几乎每一个人。” · “这太糟糕了，”吉姆想，“我肯定得个不及格。” · “但是，”老师继续说，“你们中有一个人有勇气像我要求的那样富有想象力。吉姆·马丁是唯一一个在这项任务上得了A的人。” 吉姆简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, ‘Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?’” 句式结构：复合句（由转折连词 “but” 连接两个并列分句）+ 现在分词短语作伴随状语（“thinking...”）+ 直接引语（两个疑问句）。 解析： 前半句 “he handed in the story” 为简单句，描述动作；后半句 “he lay awake until 3 a.m.” 也是简单句，“until 3 a.m.” 作时间状语。 “thinking...” 是现在分词短语，补充说明 “lay awake” 时的心理活动，直接引语则体现了吉姆的内心疑问，增强了句子的层次感和心理描写的细腻度。 2. “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的省略形式）+ 同位语（“the sort she wanted”）。 解析： 主句 “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance” 为简单句，“to write another one” 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 “chance”。 “the sort she wanted” 是 “another one” 的同位语，其中 “she wanted” 是省略了关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，补充说明 “another one” 的类型，使句子在表达意图时更具体。 3. “But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays.” 句式结构：复合句（含时间状语从句 + 主语从句）。 解析： 前半句 “when he got to class the following day” 是时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间。 后半句 “it turned out that...” 中，“it” 为形式主语，真正的主语是 “that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays” 这个主语从句。“had already read and graded” 使用过去完成时，强调老师批改作业的动作发生在吉姆到教室之前，体现了时间逻辑的复杂性。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. He s ___________ （分类）the materials into their folders. 2. It would be a mistake to i__________（忽视） his opinion.  3. If this offer is g__________（真心的）, I will gladly accept it. 4. He said many h__________ （刺耳的）and unkind things about his opponents. 5. China made a clean sweep of the medals in the _________（体操）events. 6. The move follows growing public __________ （担心）over the spread of the disease. 7. The assessment for the course involves written a__________（任务）and practical tests. 8. It's harmful for your eyes to s__________（凝视）at the computer or mobile phone screen for a long time.  9. There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too __________ （遥远的）future. 10. Over the next few years many people had occasion to __________（反思）on the truth of his warnings. 【答案】1.sorted 2.ignore  3.genuine 4.harsh 5.gymnastics 6.concern 7.assignments 8. stare  9.distant 10.reflect 二、短语填空 glance at；be related to；make sure；science fiction；hand in；turn out under pressure；hold hack；take part in； concentrate on; peer pressure 1. Things will ___________ right. 2. Time's up. Stop writing and __________ your papers. 3. The police had to use force to ____________ the crowd. 4. He is leaving the band to _________________ his writing. 5. _____________ you inspect the goods before signing for them. 6. Success of a man _________ directly_________  the choice made by himself.  7. ____________ from the public, many regional governments cleaned up their beaches. 8. You can____________ multiplayer games either on a LAN network or via the Internet. 9. He stole a _______________the pretty girl across the table. 10. Teenagers may find it difficult to resist ________________. 【答案】turn out 2. hand in 3. hold back 4. concentrate on 5.Make sure 6. is...related to 7.Under pressure 8. take part in 9. glance at  10. peer pressure 三、完成句子 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad ____________ . 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was ____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much ____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to ____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 【答案】 1.assignment 2.comment 3.behaviour 4.genuine 5.harsh 6.reflect 7.concentrate 8. nasty 9. concern 10.sort 四、句子翻译 1. 他有脾气，可能会让人讨厌。（nasty） 2. 在每个空白中填入一个单词来完成这个句子。（blank ） 3. 青少年可能会发现很难抵抗同龄人的压力。（blank ） 4. 新冠的传播速度和人们戴不戴口罩密切相关。（related ） 5. 它说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。（tips ） 1. He had a temper and could be nasty. 2. Put a word in each to complete the sentence. 3. Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. 4. The speed of Covid-19 spread is closely related to people’s wearing masks or not. 5. It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs. 1. 令人难以置信，那家银行在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。(rob) 考点： 令人难以置信 It’s incredible / unbelievable that… 遭到抢劫be robbed 在光天化日之下in broad daylight It is incredible that the bank was robbed in broad daylight. 2. 那小女孩真是被惯得不像话，父母对她百依百顺。(spoil) 考点：被惯得不像话be terribly / badly spoiled 对某人百依百顺give sb whatever / everything he / she asks for The little girl is terribly spoiled by her parents and they always give her whatever she asks for. 3. 老师在毕业典礼上的一席话使学生们受益匪浅。(benefit) 考点：在毕业典礼上at the graduating ceremony 老师的一席话what the teacher said 使学生们受益匪浅benefit the students a lot What the teachers said at the graduating ceremony benefited the students a lot. The students benefited a lot from what the teachers said at the graduating ceremony. 4. 他梦想有朝一日能亲眼看到海上日出。(dream) 考点：有朝一日some day / one day 梦想能亲眼看到海上日出dream of seeing the sun rising above the sea with one’s own eyes He dreams of seeing the sun rising above the sea with his own eyes some day / one day. 5. 阅读习惯因人而异。(vary) Reading habits vary from person to person. 6. 他们两兴趣相投，但思维方式却大相径庭。(differ) 考点：兴趣相投share the same interest 大相径庭 totally differ in sth 思维方式way of thinking They share the same interest but totally differ in ways of thinking. 7. 缺乏合作使他们错失良机。(cost) 考点：使他们错失良机cost them a good opportunity 缺乏合作lack of cooperation Lack of cooperation cost them a good opportunity. 8. 他忍受不了与喋喋不休的人合作。(stand) 考点：忍受不了与某人合作can’t stand cooperating with sb 喋喋不休的人those who never stop chatting/ talking those who chat / talk without stop He can’t stand cooperating with those who never stop chatting / talking. 9. 是向老师承认错误还是掩盖事实，他举棋不定。(decision) 考点：向老师承认错误 admit his mistakes to his teacher/confess his mistakes to his teacher 掩盖事实hide / conceal the facts 举棋不定can’t make a decision whether to do sth He can’t make a decision whether to admit his mistakes to his teacher or to hide the facts. 10. 那家鞋店声称所有鞋子降价60%， 然而顾客仍然寥寥无几。（claim） 考点：鞋店shoe store 所有鞋子降价60% the prices of all the shoes have been reduced by 60% 顾客寥寥无几there are few customers That shoe store claimed that the prices of all the shoes had been reduced by 60%, but there were still few customers. 20 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 沪外版必修一Unit 1 School Life（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、单元词汇概览： 单词 词性 释义 assignment n. (分派的) 任务 related adj. 相关的；有联系的 creative adj. 创造 (性) 的；创作的 stare v. 盯着看；凝视 blank adj. 空白的 sheet n. 一张 essay n. 文章，短文 actually adv. 事实上，的确 fiction n. 小说 distant adj. 遥远的；久远的 alien n. 外星人；外星生物 ignore v. 忽视；对…… 不予理会 beg v. 恳求；哀求 sort n. 种类；类别 rather adv. 相当，在某种程度上 harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的 (be) related to 动词短语 相关的；有联系的 make sure 动词短语 确保；设法保证 science fiction 名词短语 科幻小说 (或影片等) hand in 动词短语 提交，上交 (尤指书面材料或失物) turn out 动词短语 结果是；证明是；原来是 teenager n. (13 至 19 岁之间的) 青少年 pressure n. 心理压力；紧张；v.逼迫 expectation n. 希望；盼望 comfort n. 安慰；慰藉；v.安慰 throughout prep. 自始至终 adult adj. 成年人的；n.成年人 reflect v. 认真思考；深思 nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 comment n. 议论；评论 glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 behaviour n. 行为；举止 shortage n. 不足；缺少 genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 tempt v. 引诱；诱惑 forward adv. 向前 chapter n. (人生或历史的) 时期，篇章 limitation n. 限制；不足之处 under pressure 介词短语 承受着 (急于完成某事的) 压力 hold back 动词短语 妨碍进展 tip n. 指点；实用的提示 regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 concentrate v. 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 concern n. (对人、组织等) 重要的事情；关心 facility n. 设施；设备 puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的 locker n. (体育馆等的) 有锁存物柜，寄物柜 dustbin n. (常置于房外的) 垃圾桶，垃圾箱 gymnastics n. 体操；体操训练 take part in 动词短语 参与某事 concentrate on 动词短语 集中 (注意力)；聚精会神 二、重点词汇词形转化： 1. assignment（n. 任务） · 动词：assign（分派；布置） · 派生词：assigned（adj. 分配的）；assignable（adj. 可分配的） 2. creative（adj. 创造性的） · 名词：creativity（创造力）；creator（创造者） · 动词：create（创造） · 副词：creatively（创造性地） 3. fiction（n. 小说） · 形容词：fictional（虚构的；小说的） · 派生词：fictionally（adv. 虚构地）；fictioneer（n. 小说作家） 4. pressure（n. 压力；v. 逼迫） · 形容词：pressured（有压力的）；pressurizing（adj. 增压的） · 动词：pressurize（使增压；迫使） 5. expectation（n. 期望） · 动词：expect（期待；预料） · 形容词：expected（预期的）；unexpected（意外的） · 副词：expectedly（预期地）；unexpectedly（意外地） 6. comfort（n. 安慰；v. 安慰） · 形容词：comfortable（舒适的）；uncomfortable（不舒适的） · 副词：comfortably（舒适地）；uncomfortably（不舒适地） · 派生词：comforter（n. 安慰者；羽绒被） 7. reflect（v. 思考；反射） · 名词：reflection（思考；反射） · 形容词：reflective（沉思的；反射的） · 副词：reflectively（沉思地） 8. comment（n. 评论；v. 评论） · 形容词：commentable（可评论的） · 派生词：commentary（n. 评论；解说）；commentator（n. 评论员） 9. behaviour（n. 行为） · 动词：behave（表现；举止端正） · 形容词：behaved（表现… 的）；behavioural（行为的） · 副词：behaviourally（行为上地） 10. concentrate（v. 集中注意力） · 名词：concentration（专注；浓度） · 形容词：concentrated（集中的；浓缩的） · 副词：concentratedly（集中地） 转化规律说明 1. 动词变名词：多数通过添加后缀（如 -tion, -sion, -ment），例如 expect → expectation、reflect → reflection。 2. 形容词变副词：通常加 -ly，例如 creative → creatively、reflective → reflectively。 3. 名词变形容词：添加 -al, -ial, -able 等后缀，例如 fiction → fictional、comfort → comfortable。 4. 不规则转化：如 behaviour 对应动词 behave，词形变化需特殊记忆。 三、重点词块/短语： 1 a writing assignment 一份写作作业 2 in some way related to summer vacation 在某种程度上与暑假有关 3 stare at a blank sheet of paper 盯着一张白纸 4 as usual 像往常一样 5 science fiction 科幻小说 6 a distant planet 一颗遥远的星球 7 hand in the story 上交故事 8 lie awake until 3 a.m. 一直醒着躺到凌晨 3 点 9 ignore the assignment 忽视作业 10 beg sb. for a chance 恳求某人给次机会 11 It turned out that…… 结果是…… 12 grade the essay 给文章打分 13 pass back your writing 发还你们的写作 14 put yourself under pressure 给自己压力 15 make sure that …… 确保…… 16 no such thing as perfect 没有所谓的完美 17 bear repeating 值得再说一遍 18 face new expectations 面对新的期望 19 find comfort in it 从中找到安慰 20 a shortage of people 人员短缺 21 put others down 让别人出洋相 22 throughout your adult life 在你的成年生活中 23 reflect on sth. 反思某事 24 make a comment on sb. 评论某人 25 a withering glance 使人难堪的目光扫视 26 be nasty to others 对别人不友好 27 a new chapter in your life 你人生的新篇章 28 hold sb. back 妨碍某人进展 29 put limitations on oneself 限制自己 30 tempt sb. to do sth 引诱某人做某事 四、核心单词精讲： 1. assignment n. (分派的)任务 The assessment for the course involves written assignments and practical tests. 这门课程的评估包括各种书面作业和实践测试。 【拓展】 assign /əˈsaɪn/ 1）. V-T If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do. 布置 (任务) When I taught, I would assign a topic to children that they would write about. 教书时，我会给孩子们布置个写作题。 Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers. 今年晚些时候，她将给他们布置论文。 2）. V-T If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use. 分配 (某物) The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker. 卖方经纪人则被要求分给买方经纪人一部分佣金。 【固定搭配】 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人去做某事。 Judy, it is my great privilege to officially assign you to the heart of Zootopia. 朱迪，我很荣幸能正式把你指派到疯狂动物城的中心。 2. related adj. 相关的；有联系的 Light industry is closely related to agriculture.  轻工业和农业密切相关。 【固定搭配】 be related to… 与…相关。 The speed of Covid-19 spread is closely related to people’s wearing masks or not. 新冠的传播速度和人们戴不戴口罩密切相关。 3. creative adj. 创造(性)的；创作的 Like so many creative people, he was never satisfied. 正如许多有创造力的人一样，他永不满足。 We need to produce better creative if we want to attract big clients.  要吸引大客户，我们就得拿出更好的创意。 4. stare v. 盯着看；凝视 It's harmful for your eyes to stare at the computer or mobile phone screen for a long time.  长时间盯着电脑或手机屏幕对你的眼睛有害。 【固定搭配】 stare at…盯着…看；凝视 【近义词辨析】 peer, glance, stare, gaze, glare 这组词都有“看，瞧”的意思，都可以和at形成搭配；其区别是： peer 指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。 glance 指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。 stare 侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。 gaze 指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。 glare 指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。 5. blank adj. 空白的 He tore a blank page from his notebook. 他从笔记本上撕下一页白纸 【拓展】 1. (表格等的) 空白处 Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence. 在每个空格处填一个单词完成句子。 2. 茫然的; 无表情的; 漠然的 Abbot looked blank. "I don't quite follow, sir." 阿博特一脸茫然，“我不太明白，先生。” 3. (头脑、记忆等的) 一片空白 I'm sorry, but my mind is a blank. 很抱歉，可是我脑子里一片空白。 6. actually adv. 事实 上，的确 One afternoon, I got bored and actually fell asleep for a few minutes. 一天下午，我感到很无聊，实际上有几分钟还睡着了。 【同义短语】 actually= in fact 7. distant adj. 遥远的；久远的；远房的 The mountains rolled away to a distant horizon. 群山绵延至遥远的天边。 There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too distant future. 然而毋庸置疑的是，事情在不远的将来会有改观。 He's a distant relative of the mayor. 他是市长的远房亲戚。 8. ignore v. 忽视；对……不予理会 She said her husband ignored her. 她说她丈夫对她置之不理。 It would be a mistake to ignore his opinion.  忽略他的意见是不对的。 【同根词拓展】 ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ n. 无知 I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history. 我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。 9. beg v. 恳求；哀求 I begged him to come back to New York with me. 我请求他和我一起回纽约。 【词组及短语】 beg for food 乞求 beg your pardon 对不起，请原谅 go begging vi. 行乞；销路极差 beg off 请求免除 【固定搭配】 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人去做某事。 beg one's pardon 请某人再说一遍 10. sort n. 种类；类别 There are so many different sorts of mushrooms available these days. 这些日子可买到各种各样的蘑菇。 He seemed to be just the right sort for the job. 他似乎就是该工作的合适人选。 【拓展】 1）. 分类 He sorted the materials into their folders. 他将材料分类放入他们的文件夹里。 He unlatched the box and sorted through the papers. 他打开盒子的锁，在文件里分类拣选。 2）. All sorts of things or people means a large number of different things or people. 各种各样 There are all sorts of animals, including bears, pigs, kangaroos, and penguins. 有各种各样的动物，包括熊、猪、袋鼠和企鹅。 It was used by all sorts of people. 它被各种人使用。 【词组及短语】 sort of 有几分地；到某种程度；稍稍 some sort of 某种的；多少有些；仿佛 sort out 挑选出 of sorts 各种各样的 that sort of thing 那类事情 【近义词辨析】 category, sort, species, classification, class, type, variety, kind 这组词都有“种，类，类型”的意思，其区别是： category 书面用词，特指有确切定义的群体。 sort 普通用词，文体较kind随便，指对人或对事物进行的大概分类，有时含贬义。 species 书面用词，单复数同形。指生物分类上的种。 classification 指根据已经确定的类型对某一实物作鉴别和归类。 class 正式用词，指门类、种类或优劣等级；用于指动植物的分类时，表示“纲”。 type 指客观界限比较清楚，有相同本质特点的同类事物，或指大致相似的同类事物。 variety 强调有各自的特点，形式不同，品质不同的种类。 kind 指性质相同，而且特征很相似，足以归为一类的人或东西。 11. harsh adj. 残酷的；严厉的；刺耳的 He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents. 他说了许多关于他对手的严厉且残酷的话。 It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice. 可惜她有这么一种响亮刺耳的声音。 12. pressure n. 心理压力；紧张 He didn't put any pressure on her. 他并没有给她施加任何压力。 Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. 青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。 【拓展】 pressure. v. 对…施加压力 He will never pressure you to get married. 他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。 pressure sb. to do sth. 迫使某人去做某事。 13. expectation n.希望；盼望 There was an air of expectation and great curiosity. 有着一种期待和好奇的感觉。 【常见短语】 in expectation 期望着；意料之中 expectation value 期待值 expectation of life 平均寿命；预期寿命（等于life expectancy） mathematical expectation 数学的期望值 live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望 rational expectation 理性预期；合理预期 beyond expectation 出乎意料 out of expectation 出乎意料 expectation effect 期望效应 have expectations of (对…)抱有期望 14. comfort n. 安慰；慰藉 It's a comfort talking to you. 与你谈谈是一种安慰。 v. to make sb who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and sympathetic towards them 安慰；抚慰 Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 内德搂着她，试图安慰她。 15. throughout prep/adv 自始至终; 各处；遍及 Movie music can be made memorable because its themes are repeated throughout the film. 电影音乐可以制作得令人难忘，因为其主旋律在影片中反复出现。 The floods caused havoc throughout the area.  洪水给整个地区带来了灾害。 16. reflect v. 认真思考；深思 (reflect on) We should all give ourselves time to reflect. 我们都应该给自己时间来深思。 Over the next few years many people had occasion to reflect on the truth of his warnings. 在随后的几年里许多人有机会反思他那些警告的真相。 v. to show or be a sign of the nature or of sb’s attitude or feeling 显示，表明，表达(事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等) A newspaper report seems to reflect the view of most members of Congress. 报纸的一篇报导似乎反映了国会多数议员的观点。 v. 反射 The sun reflected off the snow-covered mountains. 阳光从被雪覆盖的山峦反射回来。 【词组短语】 reflect on 仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑 reflect upon vt. 考虑（回想；回顾） 17. nasty adj. 不友好的；令人不愉快的 The guards looked really nasty. 那些警卫看上去真可恶。 He had a temper and could be nasty. 他脾气暴躁，会令人讨厌。 18. comment n. 议论；评论 He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam. 他在阿姆斯特丹的一次记者招待会上做了评论。 There's been no comment so far from police about the allegations. 到目前为止还没有来自警方的对那些指控的任何解释。 no comment 无可奉告！ 【拓展】 comment v. 评论（~ on sth）; 解释 So far, Mr. Cook has not commented on these reports. 到目前为止，库克先生还未对这些报告进行过评论。 You really can't comment until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 One student commented that she preferred literature to social science. 一位学生解释说，较之于社会科学她更喜欢文学。 19. glance n. 匆匆一看；一瞥 One could tell at a glance that she was a compassionate person. 一眼就能看出她是一个富有同情心的人。 Trevor and I exchanged a glance. 特雷弗和我相互瞥了一眼。 【拓展】 glance v. 浏览；瞥 He glanced at his watch. 他瞥了一下手表。 I picked up the phone book and glanced through it. 我拿起电话簿，浏览了一下。 【近义词辨析】 peer, glance, stare, gaze, glare 这组词都有“看，瞧”的意思，都可以和at形成搭配；其区别是： peer 指眯着眼睛仔细地或略为吃力地看。 glance 指匆匆地或粗略地一看，侧重心不在焉地、匆忙地看一眼。 stare 侧重因惊奇、好奇、粗鲁无礼等而睁大眼睛看。 gaze 指出于羡慕、感兴趣、关心或惊异而长时间目不转睛地看。 glare 指用愤恨、凶狠或含敌意的眼光死死看着某人。 【词组短语】 at a glance 一瞥；看一眼 glance at 看一下，浏览；提到，影射 at first glance 乍一看，初看；第一眼就…… glance over 浏览；简略阅读 glance through 浏览 20. behaviour n. 行为；举止 Make sure that good behaviour is rewarded. 确保良好的行为受到嘉奖。 I can't forgive that type of behaviour. 我不能宽恕那种行为。 【拓展】 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 1). 行为; 表现 I couldn't believe these people were behaving in this way. 我无法相信这些人竟这样行事。 2) .使…规矩; 规矩地行事 You have to behave. 你得守规矩。 21. shortage n. 不足；缺少 They face a desperate shortage of clean water. 他们面临无污染水源的严重短缺。 【词组短语】 shortage of 缺少…… water shortage 缺水；水量不足；枯水 shortage of water resources 水资源短缺 food shortage 粮食短缺 power shortage 电力短缺 fund shortage 资金不足， 资金短缺 shortage of capital 资金短缺 material shortage 材料紧缺 housing shortage 房荒；住房紧张；住宅不足 labor shortage 劳力短缺，劳动力短缺 manpower shortage 劳动力短缺 shortage of fresh water 淡水短缺；淡水资源短缺 shortage of manpower 劳动力短缺；缺乏劳力 22. genuine adj. 真诚的；真心的；可依赖的 If this offer is genuine, I will gladly accept it. 如果这份帮助是真诚的，我将愉快地接受它。 Only genuine refugees can apply for tents. 只有真正的难民才能申请帐篷。 23. tempt v.引诱；诱惑 It is the fresh fruit that tempts me at this time of year. 只有新鲜的水果才会在每年的这个时候吸引我。 Cars like that may tempt drivers to speed. 那样的汽车可能会引诱司机超速行驶 【固定搭配】 tempt sb. to do sth. 引诱某人去做某事。 24. limitation n. 起限制作用的规则(或事实、条件)；不足 之处 All the talk had been about the limitation of nuclear weapons. 整个会谈都是关于核武器的限制。 They would resist any limitation of their powers. 他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。 【词组短语】 time limitation 时间限制 limitation of liability 责任范围 space limitation 空间限制 limitation period 时效期 【拓展】 limit v. 限制 The protests were not limited to New York. 抗议活动并不仅限于纽约。 Efforts were made to limit the sale of alcohol. 做出努力来限制酒的销售。 be limited to…局限于… 25. gymnastics n.体操；体操训练 China made a clean sweep of the medals in the gymnastics events. 中国队在体操比赛中包揽了所有的奖牌。 gym n. 体育馆 26. tip n. 尖端；小费；实用的提示 The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers. 衣袖遮住了他的手，一直盖到他的手指尖。 It shows how to prepare a resume, and gives tips on applying for jobs. 它说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。 I gave the barber a tip. 我给了理发师小费。 【拓展】 tip v. 倾倒 Tip the vegetables into a bowl. 把这些蔬菜倒进一个碗里。 27. regular adj. 有规律的；定时的 We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis. 我们将定期在那里见面。 Regular exercise helps prevent weight gain. 经常锻炼有助于防止体重增加。 【常见短语】 1) on a regular basis 定期地；经常地 2) regular pattern 正规图样，正常模式 3) regular meeting 例会 4) regular exercise 常规性的锻炼；经常操练，按时训练 5) at regular intervals 每隔一定时间（距离） 6) regular season 常规赛；季赛 7) regular expression 正则表达式；正规表达式 8) regular work 固定工作 9) regular practice 习惯做法 10) regular price 正常价格 11) regular service 定期航行；定期服务；正常业务 12) regular customer 常客；老主顾 13) regular inspection 定期检查 14) regular bus 班车 15) regular army 正规军；常备军 16) regular school 正规学校 17) regular staff 正式职工 28. concentrate v. 集中(注意力)；聚精会神；集中于 It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself. 他能否专心学习并有所成就取决于他自己。 At work you need to be able to concentrate. 工作时你要能专心。 Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and northeastern regions. 意大利的工业区集中在该国中北部和东北部地区。 【搭配】 concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于 29. concern n.(对人、组织等)重要的事情 The technical aspects were the concern of the Army. 技术方面是军方负责的事。 【拓展】 1）n, 担忧 The move follows growing public concern over the spread of the disease. 该行动是针对公众日益增长的对该疾病传播的担忧而采取的。 2). vt. 使担忧 The growing number of people seeking refuge in Thailand is beginning to concern Western aid agencies. 日益增多的到泰国寻求避难的人数开始让西方援助机构感到担忧。 3). vt. If you concern yourself with something, you give it attention because you think that it is important. 关心 I didn't concern myself with politics. 我不关心政治 30. puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的 Critics remain puzzled by the election results. 评论家们对选举结果仍感到困惑。 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： A WRITING ASSIGNMENT（一个写作作业） · Mrs. Peabody, the English teacher, gave the class a writing assignment. “Write something in something in some way related to summer vacation,” she said. “Be as creative as you can. But,” the teacher added, “make sure you use proper spelling and grammar.” Comment by F M: 该处是过去分词做后置定语；修饰something. be related to… 是与…有关的意思。 · The night Jim sat at his desk at home and started at a blank sheet of paper. He didn’t want to write about his summer vacation as usual. What could he write about, except a dog, a water park, and two weeks of camp? Boring ... He’d actually been happy to get back to school. Comment by F M: 该处是典型的时间名词做时间状语。时间名词作状语时，前面的介词通常可以省略： This morning I met Mr. Lee at the school gate. We will have a class meeting today. Comment by F M: except 表示除去，是用减法： There is no one else except we two in this room. 这间屋子除了我们两个没有其他人。 besides表示除了…之外还有…的意思，是用加法。 There are two students in this classroom besides Mr. White. 教室里除了怀特先生之外还有另外2个学生。 （注意和介词beside区分：beside是介词，表示在…旁边： There is a girl beside Uncle Tom.汤姆叔叔旁边有一个女孩） except for 表示从整体中除去部分： This is a wonderful writing work except for some spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好作文，除了有几处拼写错误。 · So he wrote what he wanted. Not an essay at all but a short story, science fiction. It was about a distant planet that didn’t have summer—it was spring all the time. And it didn’t have vacation ，either. The aliens on the planet worked 24 hours a day. They wished they had vacations. Comment by F M: not…but…不是…而是… 注意和not only…but (also)…区分。 Comment by F M: 该处是一个定语从句；简单的定语从句初中也有接触，但是对一些语法名词比如先行词、关系代词、关系副词等可以先简单的讲解一下。 · The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, “Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?” English was his favorite class. Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted. Comment by F M: thinking是现在分词做伴随状语，表示和主句的谓语动词同时发生的动作。 Comment by F M: beg sb. to do sth. 祈求某人去做某事。 · But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays. Comment by F M: 本句是由It做形式主语的一个主语从句；真正的主语是后面的that从句。it做形式主语的主语从句有四种形式： 1、it+be+adj+that从句； 2、it+be+v-ed+that从句； 3、it+be+n.+that从句； 4、it+v.+that从句； The teacher said, “I’m going to pass back your summer vacation writing in a minute. I’m afraid I’ve got some rather harsh words to say. Almost everyone in class simply wrote an essay about his or her summer vacation ... Almost everyone.” Comment by F M: harsh words 刺耳的话 · “This is bad,” Jim thought, “I’m getting an F,I know it.” “But,” the teacher continued, “one of you had the courage to be as imaginative as I asked you to be. Jim Martin was the only one who got an A on the assignment.” Comment by F M: 有想象力的；Imagine的动词形式。 Jim couldn’t believe his ears. 【译文参考】 一次作文作业 · 英语老师皮博迪夫人给全班布置了一项写作作业。她说:“写一些和暑假有关的东西。”“尽可能地发挥你的创造力。但是，”老师补充说，“一定要用正确的拼写和语法。” · 那天晚上，吉姆坐在家里的书桌前，开始看一张白纸。他不想像往常一样写他的暑假。除了一条狗、一个水上公园和两周的野营，他还能写些什么呢?无聊……他其实很高兴能回到学校。 · 所以他想写什么就写什么。不是一篇文章，而是一篇短篇小说，科幻小说。它是关于一个遥远的星球，那里没有夏天——一直都是春天。而且也没有假期。那边的外星人一天工作24小时。他们希望自己有假期。 · 第二天早上，他交了那篇作文。但当晚晚些时候，他躺在床上，一直躺到凌晨3点，心里想着:“我为什么要那样做?”皮博迪夫人会认为我不重视这次作业吗?英语是他最喜欢的课。也许他会请求皮博迪太太给他个机会再写一封，她想要的那种。 · 但当他第二天去上课时，发现皮博迪太太已经读过并给作文评分了。 老师说:“我马上把你的暑假作文传回去。”恐怕我有些刺耳的话要说。几乎班上的每个人都写了一篇关于他或她的暑假的文章……几乎每一个人。” · “这太糟糕了，”吉姆想，“我肯定得个不及格。” · “但是，”老师继续说，“你们中有一个人有勇气像我要求的那样富有想象力。吉姆·马丁是唯一一个在这项任务上得了A的人。” 吉姆简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “The next morning he handed in the story, but later that night he lay awake until 3 a.m., thinking, ‘Why did I do that? Will Mrs. Peabody think I ignored the assignment?’” 句式结构：复合句（由转折连词 “but” 连接两个并列分句）+ 现在分词短语作伴随状语（“thinking...”）+ 直接引语（两个疑问句）。 解析： 前半句 “he handed in the story” 为简单句，描述动作；后半句 “he lay awake until 3 a.m.” 也是简单句，“until 3 a.m.” 作时间状语。 “thinking...” 是现在分词短语，补充说明 “lay awake” 时的心理活动，直接引语则体现了吉姆的内心疑问，增强了句子的层次感和心理描写的细腻度。 2. “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance to write another one, the sort she wanted.” 句式结构：复合句（含宾语从句的省略形式）+ 同位语（“the sort she wanted”）。 解析： 主句 “Maybe he would beg Mrs. Peabody for a chance” 为简单句，“to write another one” 是不定式作后置定语，修饰 “chance”。 “the sort she wanted” 是 “another one” 的同位语，其中 “she wanted” 是省略了关系代词 “that/which” 的定语从句，补充说明 “another one” 的类型，使句子在表达意图时更具体。 3. “But when he got to class the following day, it turned out that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays.” 句式结构：复合句（含时间状语从句 + 主语从句）。 解析： 前半句 “when he got to class the following day” 是时间状语从句，交代主句动作发生的时间。 后半句 “it turned out that...” 中，“it” 为形式主语，真正的主语是 “that Mrs. Peabody had already read and graded the essays” 这个主语从句。“had already read and graded” 使用过去完成时，强调老师批改作业的动作发生在吉姆到教室之前，体现了时间逻辑的复杂性。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. He s ___________ （分类）the materials into their folders. 2. It would be a mistake to i__________（忽视） his opinion.  3. If this offer is g__________（真心的）, I will gladly accept it. 4. He said many h__________ （刺耳的）and unkind things about his opponents. 5. China made a clean sweep of the medals in the _________（体操）events. 6. The move follows growing public __________ （担心）over the spread of the disease. 7. The assessment for the course involves written a__________（任务）and practical tests. 8. It's harmful for your eyes to s__________（凝视）at the computer or mobile phone screen for a long time.  9. There is little doubt, however, that things will improve in the not too __________ （遥远的）future. 10. Over the next few years many people had occasion to __________（反思）on the truth of his warnings. 二、短语填空 glance at；be related to；make sure；science fiction；hand in；turn out under pressure；hold hack；take part in； concentrate on; peer pressure 1. Things will ___________ right. 2. Time's up. Stop writing and __________ your papers. 3. The police had to use force to ____________ the crowd. 4. He is leaving the band to _________________ his writing. 5. _____________ you inspect the goods before signing for them. 6. Success of a man _________ directly_________  the choice made by himself.  7. ____________ from the public, many regional governments cleaned up their beaches. 8. You can____________ multiplayer games either on a LAN network or via the Internet. 9. He stole a _______________the pretty girl across the table. 10. Teenagers may find it difficult to resist ________________. 三、完成句子 comment assign genuine harsh reflect concentrate tempt sort concern behaviour nasty 1. I finished my ____________ just under the deadline. 我恰好在最后期限之前完成了我的指派任务. 2. The minister refused to ____________ publicly on these claims. 部长拒绝公开评论这些要求. 3. We were angry at their bad ____________ . 我们被他们的恶劣行为激怒了. 4. We thought it was a ____________ antique(古董), but it turned out to be a fake. 我们以为这是真古董, 结果只是一件赝品. 5. His voice was ____________ and unmusical. 他的声音刺耳难听。 6. I often ____________ on my schooldays. 我经常回忆起我上学的日子 7. You should ____________ on your work. 你应该专心于你的工作. 8. He is a person with a ____________ mind. 他是个思想肮脏的人. 9. It's very kind of you to show so much ____________ for us. 谢谢您对我们这么关心. 10. We need to ____________ the garbage out before the truck comes. 我们需要在垃圾车来前就做好垃圾分类. 四、句子翻译 1. 他有脾气，可能会让人讨厌。（nasty） 2. 在每个空白中填入一个单词来完成这个句子。（blank ） 3. 青少年可能会发现很难抵抗同龄人的压力。（blank ） 4. 新冠的传播速度和人们戴不戴口罩密切相关。（related ） 5. 它说明了如何准备一份简历，并提了一些有关求职的建议。（tips ） 1. 令人难以置信，那家银行在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。(rob) 2. 那小女孩真是被惯得不像话，父母对她百依百顺。(spoil) 3. 老师在毕业典礼上的一席话使学生们受益匪浅。(benefit) 4. 他梦想有朝一日能亲眼看到海上日出。(dream) 5. 阅读习惯因人而异。(vary) 6. 他们两兴趣相投，但思维方式却大相径庭。(differ) 7. 缺乏合作使他们错失良机。(cost) 8. 他忍受不了与喋喋不休的人合作。(stand) 9. 是向老师承认错误还是掩盖事实，他举棋不定。(decision) 10. 那家鞋店声称所有鞋子降价60%， 然而顾客仍然寥寥无几。（claim） 20 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$