Unit 1 Laugh out loud（知识清单）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Laugh out loud 一、词汇清单 单词 1. mood n. 心情 2. spot v. 发现，注意到，看出 3. ankle n. 脚踝 4. essential adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 5. grin v. 露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑 6. deserve v. 应得，应受到 7. literary adj. 文学的 8. tale n. 故事 9. fellow n. 男人；家伙 10. brand n. 品牌，牌子 11. essay n. 短文，论说文 12. flatter v. 奉承，讨好 13. complicated adj. 难处理的；难懂的 14. circus n. 马戏团 15. curly adj. 卷曲的 16. wig n. 假发 17. badge n. 徽章 18. clown n. 小丑 19. witty adj. 说话风趣的；妙趣横生的 20. medieval adj. 中世纪的，中古时期的 21. emotive adj. 使情绪激动的 22. mischievous adj. 调皮的，淘气的 23. barber n. 男理发师 24. shave n. 刮脸，刮胡子 25. podium n. 讲台 26. illuminate v. 照亮，照明 短语 1. cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来 2. do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果 3. fall behind 不能按时完成（工作） 4. as a rule 通常 5. throw light on 阐明 6. have a quick mind 头脑反应很快 7. walk off 匆忙离开 8. amusement park 游乐场 9. health care 医疗保健 10. long face 愁眉苦脸 11. laughing stock 笑料，笑柄 12. crack a smile 笑了起来 13. practical joke 恶作剧 14. brand of humour 幽默类型 熟词生义 • examine：常见义为“检查（身体）”，还可表示“调查”，如“it is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out”；“考试”，如“the teacher will examine the students in English”；“仔细观察”，如“he went to the Congo to examine a new volcano”。 • employ：常见义为“雇佣”，还可表示“使用”，如“employ repressive methods”（采取镇压手段）。 句型 • 倍数表达法：如“In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size．”（就在这样的场景里，我发现一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍）。 • keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：如“We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient．”（我们必须非常善解人意，并与医生和护士密切合作，他们让我们了解每个病人的最新情况）。 • do/does/did＋动词原形：如“And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick．”（而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效），用于强调谓语动词。 • make＋宾语＋adj．：如“Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara's parents more relaxed．”（看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气）。 语法 • 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍完整，通常用逗号与主句隔开。关系词有which, who, whom, whose, where, when等。若从句缺主语、宾语或表语，一般选关系代词；若从句成分齐全，一般选关系副词；若缺少定语，则用whose。如“We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a program known as ‘hospital clowning’.”（who在从句中作主语），“We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.”（who在从句中作主语）。 二、知识点精讲 1. amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ • 教材原句：The clown's performance brought great amusement to the children.（小丑的表演给孩子们带来了极大的欢乐。） • 拓展：名词，意为“娱乐；消遣；乐趣”。动词形式为 amuse，意为“逗乐；使发笑”；形容词 amusing 表示“有趣的；逗人笑的”，amused 表示“觉得好笑的”。常见短语有 to one's amusement（令某人感到好笑的是），amusement park（游乐园）。 • 写作佳句：To our amusement, he fell off the stage while performing magic tricks.（令我们感到好笑的是，他在表演魔术时从舞台上摔了下来。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The children watched the cartoon with great ______ (amuse).（答案：） 2. The ______ (amuse) story made all of us laugh.（答案：） 3. She was ______ (amuse) by the funny joke.（答案：） 4. We often go to the ______ (amuse) park on weekends.（答案：） 2. entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/ • 教材原句：He entertained the guests with his wonderful piano playing.（他用精彩的钢琴演奏招待客人。） • 拓展：动词，意为“使快乐；招待；款待”。形容词 entertaining 表示“有趣的；娱乐性的”，名词 entertainment 意为“娱乐；娱乐活动”。常见短语有 entertain sb. with sth.（用某物使某人快乐），entertain sb. to sth.（用……招待某人）。 • 写作佳句：A good teacher should be able to entertain students while teaching knowledge.（一位好老师应该能够在传授知识的同时让学生感到快乐。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The party was full of ______ (entertain), such as singing, dancing and games.（答案：） 2. The magician's show was so ______ (entertain) that the audience couldn't stop cheering.（答案：） 3. They entertained their friends ______ a delicious dinner last night.（答案：） 4. The storyteller entertained the children ______ funny stories.（答案：） 3. examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ • 教材原句：The doctor examined the patient carefully to find out what was wrong.（医生仔细检查病人，以查明病因。） • 拓展：动词，意为“检查；审查；调查；考试”。名词形式为 examination（缩写为 exam），意为“检查；考试”；examiner 意为“主考人；考官”。常见短语有 examine sb. for sth.（为检查某物而检查某人），take an examination（参加考试）。 • 写作佳句：Before handing in your homework, you should examine it carefully to avoid mistakes.（在交作业之前，你应该仔细检查以避免错误。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The students are busy preparing for the final ______ (examine).（答案：） 2. The teacher will ______ (examine) the students' English listening skills next week.（答案：） 3. The detective examined the evidence ______ (careful) to solve the case.（答案：） 4. He failed the examination because he didn't study hard, which made his parents ______ (disappoint).（答案：） 4. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ • 教材原句：Good communication is essential for a successful team.（良好的沟通对于一个成功的团队至关重要。） • 拓展：形容词，意为“极其重要的；必不可少的”。名词形式为 essence，意为“本质；实质”。常见句型有 It is essential (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是极其重要的），be essential to/for...（对……是必不可少的）。 • 写作佳句：It is essential for students to develop good study habits if they want to get good grades.（如果学生想取得好成绩，养成良好的学习习惯是极其重要的。） • 单句语法填空： 1. Fresh air and clean water are ______ (essence) for human beings.（答案：） 2. It is essential that we ______ (take) action to protect the environment immediately.（答案：） 3. Regular exercise is essential ______ maintaining good health.（答案：） 4. The ______ (essence) of the problem is lack of enough resources.（答案：） 5. impress /ɪmˈpres/ • 教材原句：His speech impressed the audience deeply.（他的演讲给观众留下了深刻的印象。） • 拓展：动词，意为“使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象”。名词形式为 impression，意为“印象”；形容词 impressive 表示“令人印象深刻的”。常见短语有 impress sb. with sth.（用某事给某人留下深刻印象），make/leave an impression on sb.（给某人留下印象）。 • 写作佳句：The beautiful scenery of the mountain left a deep impression on us.（山上的美丽景色给我们留下了深刻的印象。） • 单句语法填空： 1. We were all ______ (impress) by his courage and determination.（答案：） 2. The ______ (impress) performance of the young singer won her many fans.（答案：） 3. She tried to impress her new classmates ______ her kindness.（答案：） 4. His first impression of the city ______ (be) very good.（答案：） 6. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ • 教材原句：He deserves to be praised for his hard work.（他的努力工作值得表扬。） • 拓展：动词，意为“应得；应受到；值得”。常见用法有 deserve sth.（应得某物），deserve to do sth.（应该做某事），deserve doing/to be done（值得被做）。 • 写作佳句：Your excellent work deserves a higher pay.（你出色的工作理应得到更高的报酬。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The naughty boy deserves ______ (punish) for what he has done.（答案：） 2. She worked so hard that she deserved ______ (succeed).（答案：） 3. His good deeds deserve our ______ (respect).（答案：） 4. The criminal certainly deserves ______ (send) to prison.（答案：） 7. remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ • 教材原句：He made a funny remark that made everyone laugh.（他说了一句有趣的话，让大家都笑了。） • 拓展：作名词时，意为“言论；评论；意见”；作动词时，意为“评论；说起；谈论”。常见短语有 make a remark on/about sth.（对某事发表评论），remark on/upon sth.（对某事发表意见）。 • 写作佳句：She remarked that the movie was the best she had ever seen.（她说这部电影是她看过的最好的电影。） • 单句语法填空： 1. His ______ (remark) about the plan caused a heated discussion.（答案：） 2. The teacher remarked ______ the students' progress in their studies.（答案：） 3. She made a few ______ (remark) about the new book.（答案：） 4. It is impolite to make negative ______ (remark) about others.（答案：） 8. spot /spɒt/ • 教材原句：I spotted my old friend in the crowd.（我在人群中认出了我的老朋友。） • 拓展：作名词时，意为“地点；斑点；污渍”；作动词时，意为“发现；认出；弄脏”。常见短语有 on the spot（当场；立即），spot sb. doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事）。 • 写作佳句：The police caught the thief on the spot when he was stealing a wallet.（小偷在偷钱包时被警察当场抓住了。） • 单句语法填空： 1. She spotted a beautiful bird ______ (fly) in the sky.（答案：） 2. This is the exact ______ (spot) where the accident happened.（答案：） 3. He was spotted ______ (steal) food from the supermarket.（答案：） 4. The white shirt has a few ______ (spot) on it.（答案：） 9. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ • 教材原句：The company employs over 500 people.（这家公司雇佣了500 多人。） • 拓展：动词，意为“雇佣；使用；利用”。名词 employer 意为“雇主”，employee 意为“雇员”，employment 意为“雇佣；就业”，unemployment 意为“失业”。 • 写作佳句：We should learn to employ different methods to solve problems.（我们应该学会使用不同的方法来解决问题。） • 单句语法填空： 1. Many people lost their ______ (employ) during the economic crisis.（答案：） 2. The ______ (employ) offered him a high - paying job.（答案：） 3. He is looking for ______ (employ) opportunities in the big city.（答案：） 4. The factory ______ (employ) more workers to meet the production demand.（答案：） 10. grin /ɡrɪn/ • 教材原句：He grinned happily when he heard the good news.（他听到好消息时开心地咧嘴笑了。） • 拓展：作动词时，意为“露齿而笑；咧嘴笑”；作名词时，意为“咧嘴笑；笑容”。常见短语有 grin at sb.（对某人咧嘴笑），grin from ear to ear（咧着嘴笑；笑逐颜开）。 • 写作佳句：The little boy grinned with delight when he received his birthday gift.（小男孩收到生日礼物时高兴得咧嘴笑了。） • 单句语法填空： 1. She grinned ______ me and waved her hand. 2. His wide ______ (grin) showed that he was very satisfied. 3. The girl grinned happily as she ______ (open) the present. 4. He couldn't help grinning when he thought ______ the funny story. 三、语法清单 非限制性定语从句 【感知·语法规律】 1. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.（我穿过门进入等候区，那里有一种熟悉的无聊和紧张的氛围。） 2. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.（人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅着旧杂志，所有这些杂志之前都被读过数百次了。） 3. In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.（在这个特殊场景的中间，我看到一个小女孩，她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍。） 4. I speak with the on - duty nurse, who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital.（我和值班护士交谈，她告诉我劳拉的父母急忙把她送到了医院。） 5. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.（科学研究表明，笑会产生让人感觉更好的化学物质，这意味着小丑医生可能会有帮助。 ） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 定义和基本特点：非限制性定语从句是对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明的定语从句。它和主句之间通常用逗号隔开，即便去掉，主句的意思依旧完整。比如：My mother, who is a teacher, is very kind.（我的母亲，是一名教师，非常和蔼。）去掉从句“who is a teacher”后，“My mother is very kind.” 主句意义明确。 2. 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 ◦ who：先行词指人，在从句中作主语。例如：The man, who is wearing glasses, is my uncle.（那个戴眼镜的男人是我的叔叔。） ◦ whom：先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。像：The lady, whom I met yesterday, is my neighbor.（我昨天遇到的那位女士是我的邻居。）口语中也常用who代替whom 。 ◦ whose：先行词既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语，后面接名词。如：I have a friend whose house is near the park.（我有一个朋友，他家在公园附近。） ◦ which：先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（我上周买的那本书非常有趣。）作宾语时，which可以省略。 ◦ as：引导非限制性定语从句时，位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，有“正如，就像”之意，常与一些固定表达搭配，如as we all know（众所周知） ，as is often the case（情况常常如此）等。比如：As is often the case, he gets up late on weekends.（他周末经常起得很晚，这是常有的事。） 3. 关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 ◦ when：先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语。如：We will go on a trip next week, when the weather will be fine.（我们下周将去旅行，那时天气会很好。） ◦ where：先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：This is the city, where I was born.（这就是那座城市，我在那里出生。） 4. “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句：常见结构有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest... of which/whom等。例如：There are many fruits in the basket, some of which are apples.（篮子里有很多水果，其中一些是苹果。） 【经典练】　 1. The man, ______ is standing at the door, is my English teacher.（） 2. This is my new bike, ______ I bought yesterday.（答案：） 3. I have a neighbor, ______ house is very beautiful.（答案：） 4. The factory, ______ my father used to work, has been closed.（答案：） 5. ______ we all know, he is a hard - working student.（答案：） 6. She has two sons, both of ______ are doctors.（答案：） 7. The book, ______ I borrowed from the library, is very popular.（答案：） 8. He will come back next month, ______ the meeting will be held.（答案：） 9. They visited the city, ______ history can be traced back to hundreds of years ago.（答案：） 10. The project, ______ took them two years, was a great success.（答案：） 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元写作类型主要是人物介绍，具体为介绍一位喜剧演员，属于说明文范畴。通过文字描述，让读者全面了解该喜剧演员的生平、表演风格、代表作品以及成就等信息 。 • 结构清晰：采用“总分总”结构。开篇总述，点明要介绍的喜剧演员，概括其在喜剧领域的地位 ，如“Chen Peisi is a highly influential comedian in Chinese comedy history” 。中间分述，按重要性或时间顺序，详述其生平、表演风格、代表作品、成就荣誉等，比如先介绍早年演艺经历，再阐述表演风格特色 。结尾总结，评价其对喜剧界的影响和个人看法，像“He has made indelible contributions to Chinese comedy and will always be remembered” 。 • 细节丰富：在描述时加入外貌、语言、动作等细节。例如描写喜剧演员舞台上的经典动作，“Zhao Benshan's hunched - back walk and unique Northeast dialect in his sketches always made the audience laugh out loud” ；经典台词，“His famous lines like '这个可以有，这个真没有' always triggered roars of laughter from the audience” 。 • 语言生动： ◦ 词汇：运用丰富多样的词汇来形容喜剧演员，如“humorous（幽默的）”“witty（诙谐的）”“talented（有才华的）”“versatile（多才多艺的）”；描述作品可用“hilarious（极其滑稽的）”“entertaining（娱乐性强的）”“amusing（逗人发笑的）” 。 ◦ 句式：使用多种句式提升文章层次。比如并列句“Charlie Chaplin not only created many unforgettable characters but also influenced generations of comedians” ；定语从句“Stephen Chow, who is famous for his 'nonsense comedy', has a unique understanding of comedy” ；强调句“It was his innovative performance style that made his comedy stand out” 。 【积累·写作素材】 • 词汇： ◦ 喜剧演员相关：comedian（喜剧演员）、comedy（喜剧）、performance（表演）、stage（舞台）、audience（观众）、humour/humor（幽默）、funny（有趣的）、amusing（逗人发笑的）、entertaining（娱乐性的）、talent（天赋）、gift（天赋）、impression（印象）、award（奖项）、honour/honor（荣誉）、sketch（小品）、stand - up comedy（单口喜剧）、mime（哑剧）、clown（小丑）、parody（滑稽模仿作品）、gag（插科打诨）。 ◦ 表演风格相关：physical comedy（肢体喜剧）、verbal comedy（语言喜剧）、satirical comedy（讽刺喜剧）、slapstick comedy（闹剧喜剧）、deadpan comedy（冷面喜剧）。 • 短语： ◦ 喜剧演员相关：be famous for（因……而出名）、be well - known as（作为……而闻名）、have a talent/gift for（有……的天赋）、make people laugh（使人们发笑）、bring joy to（给……带来欢乐）、set a good example（树立好榜样）、be recognized as（被认为是）、be honoured as（被誉为）、put on a performance（进行表演）、impress the audience（给观众留下深刻印象）、rise to fame（声名鹊起）、leave a deep impression on（给……留下深刻印象）。 ◦ 作品相关：representative work（代表作）、hit comedy（热门喜剧）、classic character（经典角色）、memorable scene（难忘的场景）。 • 句式： ◦ 总体介绍：Sb., who was born in... and died in... / who was born in... ，is one of the most famous comedians in...（某人，出生于……，去世于……/出生于……，是……最著名的喜剧演员之一）；Sb. is a well - known comedian renowned for...（某人是一位因……而闻名的著名喜剧演员） 。 ◦ 表演风格：He/She is famous for his/her unique acting style, which...（他/她因独特的表演风格而出名，这种风格……）；His/Her performance style is characterized by...（他/她的表演风格以……为特点） 。 ◦ 代表作品：His/Her representative works, such as..., have won great acclaim.（他/她的代表作，如……，赢得了广泛赞誉）；One of his/her most popular works is..., in which...（他/她最受欢迎的作品之一是……，在其中……） 。 ◦ 评价：Thanks to his/her outstanding talent and hard work, he/she has achieved great success in the comedy field.（由于他/她杰出的才华和努力工作，他/她在喜剧领域取得了巨大成功）；He/She is widely regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time.（他/她被广泛认为是有史以来最伟大的喜剧演员之一） 。 【示例·分步写作】 请你写一篇英语短文，介绍喜剧演员周星驰，内容包括： 1. 出生时间和地点； 2. 表演风格和代表作品； 3. 他在喜剧界的地位和影响。 注意：词数80左右。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Laugh out loud 一、词汇清单 单词 1. mood n. 心情 2. spot v. 发现，注意到，看出 3. ankle n. 脚踝 4. essential adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的 5. grin v. 露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑 6. deserve v. 应得，应受到 7. literary adj. 文学的 8. tale n. 故事 9. fellow n. 男人；家伙 10. brand n. 品牌，牌子 11. essay n. 短文，论说文 12. flatter v. 奉承，讨好 13. complicated adj. 难处理的；难懂的 14. circus n. 马戏团 15. curly adj. 卷曲的 16. wig n. 假发 17. badge n. 徽章 18. clown n. 小丑 19. witty adj. 说话风趣的；妙趣横生的 20. medieval adj. 中世纪的，中古时期的 21. emotive adj. 使情绪激动的 22. mischievous adj. 调皮的，淘气的 23. barber n. 男理发师 24. shave n. 刮脸，刮胡子 25. podium n. 讲台 26. illuminate v. 照亮，照明 短语 1. cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来 2. do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果 3. fall behind 不能按时完成（工作） 4. as a rule 通常 5. throw light on 阐明 6. have a quick mind 头脑反应很快 7. walk off 匆忙离开 8. amusement park 游乐场 9. health care 医疗保健 10. long face 愁眉苦脸 11. laughing stock 笑料，笑柄 12. crack a smile 笑了起来 13. practical joke 恶作剧 14. brand of humour 幽默类型 熟词生义 • examine：常见义为“检查（身体）”，还可表示“调查”，如“it is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out”；“考试”，如“the teacher will examine the students in English”；“仔细观察”，如“he went to the Congo to examine a new volcano”。 • employ：常见义为“雇佣”，还可表示“使用”，如“employ repressive methods”（采取镇压手段）。 句型 • 倍数表达法：如“In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size．”（就在这样的场景里，我发现一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍）。 • keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：如“We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient．”（我们必须非常善解人意，并与医生和护士密切合作，他们让我们了解每个病人的最新情况）。 • do/does/did＋动词原形：如“And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick．”（而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效），用于强调谓语动词。 • make＋宾语＋adj．：如“Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara's parents more relaxed．”（看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了一口气）。 语法 • 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍完整，通常用逗号与主句隔开。关系词有which, who, whom, whose, where, when等。若从句缺主语、宾语或表语，一般选关系代词；若从句成分齐全，一般选关系副词；若缺少定语，则用whose。如“We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a program known as ‘hospital clowning’.”（who在从句中作主语），“We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient.”（who在从句中作主语）。 二、知识点精讲 1. amusement /əˈmjuːzmənt/ • 教材原句：The clown's performance brought great amusement to the children.（小丑的表演给孩子们带来了极大的欢乐。） • 拓展：名词，意为“娱乐；消遣；乐趣”。动词形式为 amuse，意为“逗乐；使发笑”；形容词 amusing 表示“有趣的；逗人笑的”，amused 表示“觉得好笑的”。常见短语有 to one's amusement（令某人感到好笑的是），amusement park（游乐园）。 • 写作佳句：To our amusement, he fell off the stage while performing magic tricks.（令我们感到好笑的是，他在表演魔术时从舞台上摔了下来。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The children watched the cartoon with great ______ (amuse).（答案：） 2. The ______ (amuse) story made all of us laugh.（答案：） 3. She was ______ (amuse) by the funny joke.（答案：） 4. We often go to the ______ (amuse) park on weekends.（答案：） 答案：amusement amusing amused amusement 2. entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/ • 教材原句：He entertained the guests with his wonderful piano playing.（他用精彩的钢琴演奏招待客人。） • 拓展：动词，意为“使快乐；招待；款待”。形容词 entertaining 表示“有趣的；娱乐性的”，名词 entertainment 意为“娱乐；娱乐活动”。常见短语有 entertain sb. with sth.（用某物使某人快乐），entertain sb. to sth.（用……招待某人）。 • 写作佳句：A good teacher should be able to entertain students while teaching knowledge.（一位好老师应该能够在传授知识的同时让学生感到快乐。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The party was full of ______ (entertain), such as singing, dancing and games.（答案：） 2. The magician's show was so ______ (entertain) that the audience couldn't stop cheering.（答案：） 3. They entertained their friends ______ a delicious dinner last night.（答案：） 4. The storyteller entertained the children ______ funny stories.（答案：） 答案：entertainment entertaining to with 3. examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ • 教材原句：The doctor examined the patient carefully to find out what was wrong.（医生仔细检查病人，以查明病因。） • 拓展：动词，意为“检查；审查；调查；考试”。名词形式为 examination（缩写为 exam），意为“检查；考试”；examiner 意为“主考人；考官”。常见短语有 examine sb. for sth.（为检查某物而检查某人），take an examination（参加考试）。 • 写作佳句：Before handing in your homework, you should examine it carefully to avoid mistakes.（在交作业之前，你应该仔细检查以避免错误。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The students are busy preparing for the final ______ (examine).（答案：） 2. The teacher will ______ (examine) the students' English listening skills next week.（答案：） 3. The detective examined the evidence ______ (careful) to solve the case.（答案：） 4. He failed the examination because he didn't study hard, which made his parents ______ (disappoint).（答案：） 答案：examination examine carefully disappointed 4. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ • 教材原句：Good communication is essential for a successful team.（良好的沟通对于一个成功的团队至关重要。） • 拓展：形容词，意为“极其重要的；必不可少的”。名词形式为 essence，意为“本质；实质”。常见句型有 It is essential (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是极其重要的），be essential to/for...（对……是必不可少的）。 • 写作佳句：It is essential for students to develop good study habits if they want to get good grades.（如果学生想取得好成绩，养成良好的学习习惯是极其重要的。） • 单句语法填空： 1. Fresh air and clean water are ______ (essence) for human beings.（答案：） 2. It is essential that we ______ (take) action to protect the environment immediately.（答案：） 3. Regular exercise is essential ______ maintaining good health.（答案：） 4. The ______ (essence) of the problem is lack of enough resources.（答案：） 答案：essential (should) take for/to essence 5. impress /ɪmˈpres/ • 教材原句：His speech impressed the audience deeply.（他的演讲给观众留下了深刻的印象。） • 拓展：动词，意为“使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象”。名词形式为 impression，意为“印象”；形容词 impressive 表示“令人印象深刻的”。常见短语有 impress sb. with sth.（用某事给某人留下深刻印象），make/leave an impression on sb.（给某人留下印象）。 • 写作佳句：The beautiful scenery of the mountain left a deep impression on us.（山上的美丽景色给我们留下了深刻的印象。） • 单句语法填空： 1. We were all ______ (impress) by his courage and determination.（答案：） 2. The ______ (impress) performance of the young singer won her many fans.（答案：） 3. She tried to impress her new classmates ______ her kindness.（答案：） 4. His first impression of the city ______ (be) very good.（答案：） 答案：impressed impressive with was 6. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ • 教材原句：He deserves to be praised for his hard work.（他的努力工作值得表扬。） • 拓展：动词，意为“应得；应受到；值得”。常见用法有 deserve sth.（应得某物），deserve to do sth.（应该做某事），deserve doing/to be done（值得被做）。 • 写作佳句：Your excellent work deserves a higher pay.（你出色的工作理应得到更高的报酬。） • 单句语法填空： 1. The naughty boy deserves ______ (punish) for what he has done.（答案：） 2. She worked so hard that she deserved ______ (succeed).（答案：） 3. His good deeds deserve our ______ (respect).（答案：） 4. The criminal certainly deserves ______ (send) to prison.（答案：） 答案：to be punished/punishing to succeed respect to be sent/sending 7. remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ • 教材原句：He made a funny remark that made everyone laugh.（他说了一句有趣的话，让大家都笑了。） • 拓展：作名词时，意为“言论；评论；意见”；作动词时，意为“评论；说起；谈论”。常见短语有 make a remark on/about sth.（对某事发表评论），remark on/upon sth.（对某事发表意见）。 • 写作佳句：She remarked that the movie was the best she had ever seen.（她说这部电影是她看过的最好的电影。） • 单句语法填空： 1. His ______ (remark) about the plan caused a heated discussion.（答案：） 2. The teacher remarked ______ the students' progress in their studies.（答案：） 3. She made a few ______ (remark) about the new book.（答案：） 4. It is impolite to make negative ______ (remark) about others.（答案：） 答案：remarks on/upon remarks remarks 8. spot /spɒt/ • 教材原句：I spotted my old friend in the crowd.（我在人群中认出了我的老朋友。） • 拓展：作名词时，意为“地点；斑点；污渍”；作动词时，意为“发现；认出；弄脏”。常见短语有 on the spot（当场；立即），spot sb. doing sth.（发现某人正在做某事）。 • 写作佳句：The police caught the thief on the spot when he was stealing a wallet.（小偷在偷钱包时被警察当场抓住了。） • 单句语法填空： 1. She spotted a beautiful bird ______ (fly) in the sky.（答案：） 2. This is the exact ______ (spot) where the accident happened.（答案：） 3. He was spotted ______ (steal) food from the supermarket.（答案：） 4. The white shirt has a few ______ (spot) on it.（答案：） 答案：flying spot stealing spots 9. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ • 教材原句：The company employs over 500 people.（这家公司雇佣了500 多人。） • 拓展：动词，意为“雇佣；使用；利用”。名词 employer 意为“雇主”，employee 意为“雇员”，employment 意为“雇佣；就业”，unemployment 意为“失业”。 • 写作佳句：We should learn to employ different methods to solve problems.（我们应该学会使用不同的方法来解决问题。） • 单句语法填空： 1. Many people lost their ______ (employ) during the economic crisis.（答案：） 2. The ______ (employ) offered him a high - paying job.（答案：） 3. He is looking for ______ (employ) opportunities in the big city.（答案：） 4. The factory ______ (employ) more workers to meet the production demand.（答案：） 答案：employment employer employment employs 10. grin /ɡrɪn/ • 教材原句：He grinned happily when he heard the good news.（他听到好消息时开心地咧嘴笑了。） • 拓展：作动词时，意为“露齿而笑；咧嘴笑”；作名词时，意为“咧嘴笑；笑容”。常见短语有 grin at sb.（对某人咧嘴笑），grin from ear to ear（咧着嘴笑；笑逐颜开）。 • 写作佳句：The little boy grinned with delight when he received his birthday gift.（小男孩收到生日礼物时高兴得咧嘴笑了。） • 单句语法填空： 1. She grinned ______ me and waved her hand. 2. His wide ______ (grin) showed that he was very satisfied. 3. The girl grinned happily as she ______ (open) the present. 4. He couldn't help grinning when he thought ______ the funny story. 答案：at grin opened of 三、语法清单 非限制性定语从句 【感知·语法规律】 1. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.（我穿过门进入等候区，那里有一种熟悉的无聊和紧张的氛围。） 2. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.（人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅着旧杂志，所有这些杂志之前都被读过数百次了。） 3. In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.（在这个特殊场景的中间，我看到一个小女孩，她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍。） 4. I speak with the on - duty nurse, who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital.（我和值班护士交谈，她告诉我劳拉的父母急忙把她送到了医院。） 5. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful.（科学研究表明，笑会产生让人感觉更好的化学物质，这意味着小丑医生可能会有帮助。 ） 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 定义和基本特点：非限制性定语从句是对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明的定语从句。它和主句之间通常用逗号隔开，即便去掉，主句的意思依旧完整。比如：My mother, who is a teacher, is very kind.（我的母亲，是一名教师，非常和蔼。）去掉从句“who is a teacher”后，“My mother is very kind.” 主句意义明确。 2. 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 ◦ who：先行词指人，在从句中作主语。例如：The man, who is wearing glasses, is my uncle.（那个戴眼镜的男人是我的叔叔。） ◦ whom：先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。像：The lady, whom I met yesterday, is my neighbor.（我昨天遇到的那位女士是我的邻居。）口语中也常用who代替whom 。 ◦ whose：先行词既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语，后面接名词。如：I have a friend whose house is near the park.（我有一个朋友，他家在公园附近。） ◦ which：先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（我上周买的那本书非常有趣。）作宾语时，which可以省略。 ◦ as：引导非限制性定语从句时，位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，有“正如，就像”之意，常与一些固定表达搭配，如as we all know（众所周知） ，as is often the case（情况常常如此）等。比如：As is often the case, he gets up late on weekends.（他周末经常起得很晚，这是常有的事。） 3. 关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 ◦ when：先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语。如：We will go on a trip next week, when the weather will be fine.（我们下周将去旅行，那时天气会很好。） ◦ where：先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语。例如：This is the city, where I was born.（这就是那座城市，我在那里出生。） 4. “名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句：常见结构有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest... of which/whom等。例如：There are many fruits in the basket, some of which are apples.（篮子里有很多水果，其中一些是苹果。） 【经典练】　 1. The man, ______ is standing at the door, is my English teacher.（） 2. This is my new bike, ______ I bought yesterday.（答案：） 3. I have a neighbor, ______ house is very beautiful.（答案：） 4. The factory, ______ my father used to work, has been closed.（答案：） 5. ______ we all know, he is a hard - working student.（答案：） 6. She has two sons, both of ______ are doctors.（答案：） 7. The book, ______ I borrowed from the library, is very popular.（答案：） 8. He will come back next month, ______ the meeting will be held.（答案：） 9. They visited the city, ______ history can be traced back to hundreds of years ago.（答案：） 10. The project, ______ took them two years, was a great success.（答案：） 答案：who which whose where As whom which when whose which 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 本单元写作类型主要是人物介绍，具体为介绍一位喜剧演员，属于说明文范畴。通过文字描述，让读者全面了解该喜剧演员的生平、表演风格、代表作品以及成就等信息 。 • 结构清晰：采用“总分总”结构。开篇总述，点明要介绍的喜剧演员，概括其在喜剧领域的地位 ，如“Chen Peisi is a highly influential comedian in Chinese comedy history” 。中间分述，按重要性或时间顺序，详述其生平、表演风格、代表作品、成就荣誉等，比如先介绍早年演艺经历，再阐述表演风格特色 。结尾总结，评价其对喜剧界的影响和个人看法，像“He has made indelible contributions to Chinese comedy and will always be remembered” 。 • 细节丰富：在描述时加入外貌、语言、动作等细节。例如描写喜剧演员舞台上的经典动作，“Zhao Benshan's hunched - back walk and unique Northeast dialect in his sketches always made the audience laugh out loud” ；经典台词，“His famous lines like '这个可以有，这个真没有' always triggered roars of laughter from the audience” 。 • 语言生动： ◦ 词汇：运用丰富多样的词汇来形容喜剧演员，如“humorous（幽默的）”“witty（诙谐的）”“talented（有才华的）”“versatile（多才多艺的）”；描述作品可用“hilarious（极其滑稽的）”“entertaining（娱乐性强的）”“amusing（逗人发笑的）” 。 ◦ 句式：使用多种句式提升文章层次。比如并列句“Charlie Chaplin not only created many unforgettable characters but also influenced generations of comedians” ；定语从句“Stephen Chow, who is famous for his 'nonsense comedy', has a unique understanding of comedy” ；强调句“It was his innovative performance style that made his comedy stand out” 。 【积累·写作素材】 • 词汇： ◦ 喜剧演员相关：comedian（喜剧演员）、comedy（喜剧）、performance（表演）、stage（舞台）、audience（观众）、humour/humor（幽默）、funny（有趣的）、amusing（逗人发笑的）、entertaining（娱乐性的）、talent（天赋）、gift（天赋）、impression（印象）、award（奖项）、honour/honor（荣誉）、sketch（小品）、stand - up comedy（单口喜剧）、mime（哑剧）、clown（小丑）、parody（滑稽模仿作品）、gag（插科打诨）。 ◦ 表演风格相关：physical comedy（肢体喜剧）、verbal comedy（语言喜剧）、satirical comedy（讽刺喜剧）、slapstick comedy（闹剧喜剧）、deadpan comedy（冷面喜剧）。 • 短语： ◦ 喜剧演员相关：be famous for（因……而出名）、be well - known as（作为……而闻名）、have a talent/gift for（有……的天赋）、make people laugh（使人们发笑）、bring joy to（给……带来欢乐）、set a good example（树立好榜样）、be recognized as（被认为是）、be honoured as（被誉为）、put on a performance（进行表演）、impress the audience（给观众留下深刻印象）、rise to fame（声名鹊起）、leave a deep impression on（给……留下深刻印象）。 ◦ 作品相关：representative work（代表作）、hit comedy（热门喜剧）、classic character（经典角色）、memorable scene（难忘的场景）。 • 句式： ◦ 总体介绍：Sb., who was born in... and died in... / who was born in... ，is one of the most famous comedians in...（某人，出生于……，去世于……/出生于……，是……最著名的喜剧演员之一）；Sb. is a well - known comedian renowned for...（某人是一位因……而闻名的著名喜剧演员） 。 ◦ 表演风格：He/She is famous for his/her unique acting style, which...（他/她因独特的表演风格而出名，这种风格……）；His/Her performance style is characterized by...（他/她的表演风格以……为特点） 。 ◦ 代表作品：His/Her representative works, such as..., have won great acclaim.（他/她的代表作，如……，赢得了广泛赞誉）；One of his/her most popular works is..., in which...（他/她最受欢迎的作品之一是……，在其中……） 。 ◦ 评价：Thanks to his/her outstanding talent and hard work, he/she has achieved great success in the comedy field.（由于他/她杰出的才华和努力工作，他/她在喜剧领域取得了巨大成功）；He/She is widely regarded as one of the greatest comedians of all time.（他/她被广泛认为是有史以来最伟大的喜剧演员之一） 。 【示例·分步写作】 请你写一篇英语短文，介绍喜剧演员周星驰，内容包括： 1. 出生时间和地点； 2. 表演风格和代表作品； 3. 他在喜剧界的地位和影响。 注意：词数80左右。 答案： 写作思路： • 开头：介绍周星驰的出生信息，引出人物。 • 中间：阐述他独特的“无厘头”表演风格，并列举代表作品。 • 结尾：说明他在喜剧界的重要地位和深远影响。 参考范文： Stephen Chow was born in Hong Kong in 1962. He is famous for his “nonsense comedy” style. His representative works like “Kung Fu Hustle” and “Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons” are full of creativity and humor. He is widely recognized as a pioneer in Hong Kong comedy. His unique style has influenced many young comedians and left a deep mark on the comedy industry. 详解： • 结构清晰：采用总分总的结构，开头介绍出生，中间阐述表演风格和作品，结尾评价地位和影响。 • 内容完整：涵盖题目要求的所有要点，对周星驰的介绍全面且简洁。 • 词汇运用：“be famous for”“representative works”“widely recognized as”等短语的使用，准确且恰当 。 • 句式多样：运用了“be born in”“be famous for”“like”等结构，使文章句式丰富 。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$