新课8 必修第一册Unit 4 My space（语法+写作）（沪教版2020）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：定语从句关系副词的用法 写作聚焦：读后感/倡议书 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 定语从句关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 ①The hotel was very clean.那家旅馆很干净。 ②We stayed there/at the hotel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。 ③=①+②The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 先行词 定语从句 （where在从句中代替there或at the hotel，作地点状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage (which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 先行词 定语从句 （when在从句中代替during the time，作时间状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. The date (when/that) he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. 他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。 注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 先行词 定语从句 （why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. The reason why she was late was that she missed her plane. =The reason (that) she was late was that she missed her plane. 注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。 =The reason for which she was late was that she missed her plane. 她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。 Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason (that) she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason for which she left. 艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。 The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason (that) I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason for which I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。 补充：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句“The reason why/that...”或“...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。 表语从句“The reason is that...”（不能用why，否则就重复了） The reason is that he is always careless in his work.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。 4.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 5.as引导的定语从句 as作为关系代词既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。 1）.as引导的限定性定语从句 1.such...as...和the same...as...的用法 such...as...意为“像……一样的，像……之类”；the same...as...意为“和……同样的”。在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主句里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词（或代词）是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.（as在从句中作主语） 我们找到了（像）他们厂里用的那种材料。 I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out. 我从来不会给我的学生出这样一道他们不能解决的难题。（as在从句中作宾语） The result is not the same as they had expected.（as在从句中作宾语） 结果和他们预想的不一样。 比较：the same...that...和the same...as... 两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个，as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。 He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.他看的书就是你昨天买的那本。 He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.他看的书和你昨天买的书是一样的。 （指同一本书；指同一种书，但并不是你买的那一本） This is the same pen that I lost.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。 This is the same (kind/type/sort of) pen as I lost.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。 （指同一支笔；指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支） 2.such as...的用法 such as...中的such为代词，意思为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。 This book is not such as I expect.这不是一本我所盼望的书。 He told me of his experience such as I had never had before. 他给我讲了他的经验，我从来没有那种经验。 I have not many,but I will send you such as I have.我有的不多，但我愿把我所有的都送给你。 补充：such as还可以表示“诸如，例如，像……那样的”的意思，此时其后跟名词或名词短语等，如：They bought a lot of fruit,such as apples,oranges,etc. 他们买了许多水果，如苹果、橘子等。 2）.as引导的非限定性定语从句 as可以像which一样引导非限定性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法。 as we know正如我们所知 as is often the case像通常那样 as has been said before如上所述 as is reported正如报道的那样 as is well known众所周知 as was expected正如预料的那样 She is very careful,as her work shows.正如她的工作所展现的那样，她是个细心的人。 As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. 像通常那样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。 比较：as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的联系和区别 as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句至于主句之后时，as和which可以互换使用。 He didn’t tell me any news,as/which upset me.他没有告诉我任何消息，这使我很不安。 which引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时不能放在主句之前。as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时可放在主句之前或之后，有时也可放在主语与谓语之间。 As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress. =Talks between the two countries,as is reported in the newspapers,are making progress. 正如报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在进展中。 6.使用定语从句需注意的事项 1）.定语从句中的主谓一致 A.定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗？ B.as，which作主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语用单数。 As is usual,he came to school late this morning.像往常一样，他今天早晨上学又迟到了。 Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸气，这叫做蒸发。 C.先行词为“one of the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。 Freddy is one of the students who want to be diplomats in our class. 弗雷迪是我们班想当外交官的学生之一。 D.先行词为“the only one of the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。 He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. 他是惟一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。 2）.what和how不能用于定语从句中 A.what不能用作关系代词来引导定语从句，但是what引导的宾语从句可以与that引导的定语从句互换。 （正）Tell me anything (that) you know. （正）Tell me what you know.告诉我你所知道的一切。 说明：what引导的宾语从句相当于“anything/all+that”引导的定语从句。 （误）Tell me anything what you know. B.how不能用作关系副词来引导定语从句。修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用in which来引导，也可用that或省略。 （正）This is the way (that/in which) that boy worked out the problem. （正）This is how that boy worked out the problem.（how引导表语从句） （误）This is the way how that boy worked out the problem. 这就是那个男孩解出这道题的方法。 3）.介词+关系代词 句型：名词/代词+介词+关系代词 简单句①The professor gave a lecture to us yesterday.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课。 简单句②I couldn’t understand the meaning of the lecture completely. 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 合成为定语从句③=①+②The professor gave us a lecture yesterday,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely. 名词+介词+关系代词 那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 简单句①There are around 400 students in our grade.我们年级大约有400名学生。 简单句②Most of us are from the Xicheng District.我们中的大多数人都来自西城区。 合成为定语从句③=①+②There are around 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from the Xicheng District. 代词+介词+关系代词 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。 4）.关系代词和关系副词的省略 1.关系代词的省略 A.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。 Jane Hasek,who was my former English teacher,retired last year. 简·哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略。 Sorry,I forget to bring the magazine (which/that) you want.对不起，我忘了把你要的杂志带过来。（which和that代替magazine，作动词want的宾语，可以省略） C.关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关系代词可以省略。 （正）This is the government building in which my father works. （正）This is the government building (which/that) my father works in. （误）This is the government building in my father works.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼。 D.there be句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略。 There’s nothing (that) I can do about it.对此我毫无办法。 2.关系副词的省略 A.非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略。 She lived in Nagoya for a couple of years,where she taught Chinese. 她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文。 B.限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。先行词the reason后面的关系副词why也可以省略。 This is the plane (where) we first met two years ago.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方。 He still remembers the time (when) he studied in Berlin.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子。 补充：可以省略关系副词when的时间名词有the time，every time，each time，the moment等。 Tell me the reason (why) your brother was absent yesterday.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因。 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： **任务类型**： 读写结合型任务**（如《安妮日记》读后感/家庭沟通倡议书） **能力目标**： - 分析文本中的象征手法（如“密室”象征精神压抑）； - 联系现实问题（如漫画作文“网络交流 vs 亲子沟通”）提出解决方案； - 接受多元评价（同伴互评、AI评语、国际学生反馈）。 **教学案例**： 针对“青少年沉迷网络忽视家庭”现象，撰写倡议书并设计跨文化评价量表。 二、典例剖析 智能手机已成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分，但也带来一些问题。假设你是李华，请你以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，号召全校同学合理使用智能手机。 内容包括：1. 手机成瘾现象；2. 手机成瘾危害；3. 你的倡议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 学以致用 一、填写合适的关系词 1. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________the weather may be better. 2.I know the girl ____________the teacher talked with yesterday. 3.He didn’t tell me the reason ____________he was so excited. 4.We visited the car factory ____________ my uncle once worked three years ago. 5.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ____________ has been proved. 6.Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff，I don’t like the way ________ he spoke to them. 7.This is the house ____________ my grandfather lived three years ago. 8.The car ____________ window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr. Brown. 9.The reason ____________ he explained at the meeting was not sound. 10...we were put into a position in ____________ we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 二、翻译 1.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 The reason ____________________________was that he was ill in bed. 2.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。 We are living in an age ______________________________________. 3.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________． 4.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________． 5.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ____________________________． 三、写作训练 假设你是明启中学学生张华，最近你们学校的团组织响应市政府号召，正在开展午餐光盘（clean-plate)行动。现向全体学生征集减少食物浪费的可行性建议。你决定写一封信回应。在信中，你必须： 1.提出减少浪费食物的建议。 2.说明你的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：定语从句关系副词的用法 写作聚焦：读后感/倡议书 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 定语从句关系副词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 ①The hotel was very clean.那家旅馆很干净。 ②We stayed there/at the hotel.我呆在那儿/那家旅馆。 ③=①+②The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 先行词 定语从句 （where在从句中代替there或at the hotel，作地点状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. I got to the stage where I wasn’t coping any more. =I got to the stage (which/that) I wasn’t coping with any more. =I got to the stage with which I wasn’t coping any more.我已经到了无法应付的阶段。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 先行词 定语从句 （when在从句中代替during the time，作时间状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. The date (when/that) he joined the ANC Youth League was August 5th. 他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日期是8月5日。 注意：从语法来讲，这个句子中的定语从句只能用when引导，但在口语中，常用that代替when，也可以省略。 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 先行词 定语从句 （why在从句中代替reason，作原因状语） 补充：可以用关系代词表述：The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. The reason why she was late was that she missed her plane. =The reason (that) she was late was that she missed her plane. 注意：一般来讲，在定语从句中，只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why；和when一样，在口语中，关系副词why常被that代替，也可以省略。 =The reason for which she was late was that she missed her plane. 她迟到的原因是她错过了班机。 Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason (that) she left. =Amy didn’t get a pay rise,but this wasn’t the main reason for which she left. 艾米没有获得加薪，但是这并不是她离开的主要原因。 The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason (that) I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. =The reason for which I’m calling you is to invite you to a party. 我给你打电话的原因是想邀请你参加一个聚会。 补充：带reason的定语从句与表语从句的常用句型 定语从句“The reason why/that...”或“...the reason why/that...” I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。 表语从句“The reason is that...”（不能用why，否则就重复了） The reason is that he is always careless in his work.原因是他在工作中总是粗心大意。 4.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词，口语用法除外。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 4.as引导的定语从句 as作为关系代词既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。 1.as引导的限定性定语从句 1.such...as...和the same...as...的用法 such...as...意为“像……一样的，像……之类”；the same...as...意为“和……同样的”。在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主句里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词（或代词）是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.（as在从句中作主语） 我们找到了（像）他们厂里用的那种材料。 I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out. 我从来不会给我的学生出这样一道他们不能解决的难题。（as在从句中作宾语） The result is not the same as they had expected.（as在从句中作宾语） 结果和他们预想的不一样。 比较：the same...that...和the same...as... 两者都引导定语从句。that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个，as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。 He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.他看的书就是你昨天买的那本。 He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.他看的书和你昨天买的书是一样的。 （指同一本书；指同一种书，但并不是你买的那一本） This is the same pen that I lost.这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。 This is the same (kind/type/sort of) pen as I lost.这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。 （指同一支笔；指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支） 2.such as...的用法 such as...中的such为代词，意思为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。 This book is not such as I expect.这不是一本我所盼望的书。 He told me of his experience such as I had never had before. 他给我讲了他的经验，我从来没有那种经验。 I have not many,but I will send you such as I have.我有的不多，但我愿把我所有的都送给你。 补充：such as还可以表示“诸如，例如，像……那样的”的意思，此时其后跟名词或名词短语等，如：They bought a lot of fruit,such as apples,oranges,etc. 他们买了许多水果，如苹果、橘子等。 2.as引导的非限定性定语从句 as可以像which一样引导非限定性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法。 as we know正如我们所知 as is often the case像通常那样 as has been said before如上所述 as is reported正如报道的那样 as is well known众所周知 as was expected正如预料的那样 She is very careful,as her work shows.正如她的工作所展现的那样，她是个细心的人。 As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 As is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. 像通常那样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。 比较：as和which引导的非限定性定语从句的联系和区别 as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句至于主句之后时，as和which可以互换使用。 He didn’t tell me any news,as/which upset me.他没有告诉我任何消息，这使我很不安。 which引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时不能放在主句之前。as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时可放在主句之前或之后，有时也可放在主语与谓语之间。 As is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress. =Talks between the two countries,as is reported in the newspapers,are making progress. 正如报道的那样，这两个国家之间的会谈正在进展中。 5.使用定语从句需注意的事项 1.定语从句中的主谓一致 A.定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语要与先行词的人称、数一致。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗？ B.as，which作主语引导非限定性定语从句，指全句时，从句谓语用单数。 As is usual,he came to school late this morning.像往常一样，他今天早晨上学又迟到了。 Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸气，这叫做蒸发。 C.先行词为“one of the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用复数。 Freddy is one of the students who want to be diplomats in our class. 弗雷迪是我们班想当外交官的学生之一。 D.先行词为“the only one of the+复数名词”时，关系代词为从句主语，谓语用单数。 He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. 他是惟一一个连续三年获得奖学金的学生。 2.what和how不能用于定语从句中 A.what不能用作关系代词来引导定语从句，但是what引导的宾语从句可以与that引导的定语从句互换。 （正）Tell me anything (that) you know. （正）Tell me what you know.告诉我你所知道的一切。 说明：what引导的宾语从句相当于“anything/all+that”引导的定语从句。 （误）Tell me anything what you know. B.how不能用作关系副词来引导定语从句。修饰表示方式的way的定语从句用in which来引导，也可用that或省略。 （正）This is the way (that/in which) that boy worked out the problem. （正）This is how that boy worked out the problem.（how引导表语从句） （误）This is the way how that boy worked out the problem. 这就是那个男孩解出这道题的方法。 3.介词+关系代词 句型：名词/代词+介词+关系代词 简单句①The professor gave a lecture to us yesterday.那位教师昨天给我们上了一堂课。 简单句②I couldn’t understand the meaning of the lecture completely. 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 合成为定语从句③=①+②The professor gave us a lecture yesterday,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely. 名词+介词+关系代词 那位教授昨天给我们上了一堂课，我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。 简单句①There are around 400 students in our grade.我们年级大约有400名学生。 简单句②Most of us are from the Xicheng District.我们中的大多数人都来自西城区。 合成为定语从句③=①+②There are around 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from the Xicheng District. 代词+介词+关系代词 我们年级大约有400名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。 4.关系代词和关系副词的省略 1.关系代词的省略 A.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。 Jane Hasek,who was my former English teacher,retired last year. 简·哈塞克今天退休了，他曾经是我的英语老师。 B.在限定性定语从句中，关系代词用作动词宾语时可以省略。 Sorry,I forget to bring the magazine (which/that) you want.对不起，我忘了把你要的杂志带过来。（which和that代替magazine，作动词want的宾语，可以省略） C.关系代词作介词宾语，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可以省略；如果介词位于定语从句的句末，关系代词可以省略。 （正）This is the government building in which my father works. （正）This is the government building (which/that) my father works in. （误）This is the government building in my father works.这是我父亲工作的政府大楼。 D.there be句型之后的定语从句中，作主语或宾语的关系代词常可以省略。 There’s nothing (that) I can do about it.对此我毫无办法。 2.关系副词的省略 A.非限定性定语从句中关系副词不可以省略。 She lived in Nagoya for a couple of years,where she taught Chinese. 她在名古屋住了几年，在那儿教中文。 B.限定性定语从句中，若在口语和非正式语体中，某些表示地点、时间的名词后的关系副词可以省略。先行词the reason后面的关系副词why也可以省略。 This is the plane (where) we first met two years ago.这就是我们两年前初次见面的地方。 He still remembers the time (when) he studied in Berlin.他还记得他在柏林学习的那些日子。 补充：可以省略关系副词when的时间名词有the time，every time，each time，the moment等。 Tell me the reason (why) your brother was absent yesterday.告诉我你哥哥昨天缺席的原因。 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： **任务类型**： 读写结合型任务**（如《安妮日记》读后感/家庭沟通倡议书） **能力目标**： - 分析文本中的象征手法（如“密室”象征精神压抑）； - 联系现实问题（如漫画作文“网络交流 vs 亲子沟通”）提出解决方案； - 接受多元评价（同伴互评、AI评语、国际学生反馈）。 **教学案例**： 针对“青少年沉迷网络忽视家庭”现象，撰写倡议书并设计跨文化评价量表。 二、典例剖析 智能手机已成为人们生活中必不可少的一部分，但也带来一些问题。假设你是李华，请你以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，号召全校同学合理使用智能手机。 内容包括：1. 手机成瘾现象；2. 手机成瘾危害；3. 你的倡议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【答案】One possible version: Dear fellow students, Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, with many students spending excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. The consequences of smartphone overuse are alarming. Studies show that prolonged screen time damages eyesight, disrupts sleep patterns, and increases anxiety levels. Furthermore, over-reliance on virtual communication weakens our real-life social skills. We urge everyone to act. It is necessary to set strict time limits for non-essential phone use, ensuring that academic tasks remain the top priority. Most importantly, value real-world connections over online interactions. Let’s break free from digital dependency and regain control of our time and focus! Students’ Union 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以学生会的名义写一篇倡议书，应首先描述手机成瘾现象，再介绍手机成瘾危害，最后发出倡议，号召大家合理使用智能手机，避免成瘾。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 严重的：serious→grave, weighty 表明：show→indicate 削弱：weaken→undermine 确保：ensure→guarantee 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, with many students spending excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. 拓展句：Smartphone addiction has become a serious issue among us, as many students spend excessive time scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, even during class or study hours. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Studies show that prolonged screen time damages eyesight, disrupts sleep patterns, and increases anxiety levels. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] It is necessary to set strict time limits for non-essential phone use, ensuring that academic tasks remain the top priority. (运用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句) 学以致用 一、填写合适的关系词 1. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________the weather may be better. 2.I know the girl ____________the teacher talked with yesterday. 3.He didn’t tell me the reason ____________he was so excited. 4.We visited the car factory ____________ my uncle once worked three years ago. 5.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ____________ has been proved. 6.Though it is reasonable for the director to educate his staff，I don’t like the way ________ he spoke to them. 7.This is the house ____________ my grandfather lived three years ago. 8.The car ____________ window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr. Brown. 9.The reason ____________ he explained at the meeting was not sound. 10...we were put into a position in ____________ we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 1. when 2. whom 3. why 4. where 5. which 6. that 7. where 8. whose 9. that/which 10. which 二、翻译 1.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 The reason ____________________________was that he was ill in bed. 2.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。 We are living in an age ______________________________________. 3.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。 After graduation he returned to the small town ____________________________． 4.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________． 5.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ____________________________． 1. The reason why he could not go there 2. when many things are done on the computer 3. where/in which he grew up 4. (that/in which) you speak to your parents 5. when I worked together with you 三、写作训练 假设你是明启中学学生张华，最近你们学校的团组织响应市政府号召，正在开展午餐光盘（clean-plate)行动。现向全体学生征集减少食物浪费的可行性建议。你决定写一封信回应。在信中，你必须： 1.提出减少浪费食物的建议。 2.说明你的理由。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear sir or madam, Recently, clear-plate campaign is more and more popular in society, which advocates saving against wasting. Hearing that our school has also responded to the government’s call and is collecting students' opinions, I can't wait to express my ideas and suggestion as follows. As far as I am concerned, it's high time that we should fight against wasting. Firstly, I think our school should carry out various activities to arouse students' awareness of saving. Secondly, relevant rules and regulations are supposed to be made to punish those who waste things. Most importantly, we should form the habit of saving from now. It is everybody's duty to save resources. Why am I making these Suggestions?As we all know, the Chinese traditional virtue is to be thrifty even we are live in a better life. People should come to realize the importance of saving food and put an end to the expensive feasts and banquets.  All in all, I think this campaign should be moving on and everyone should take it seriously.   Yours, Zhang Hua 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$