新课7 必修第一册 Unit 4 My space（词汇+课文）（沪教版2020）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、单元词汇概览： 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 experiment n. 实验；试验 conduct an experiment capable adj. 有能力的 be capable of survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 survive in unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 unfortunately for labour-saving adj. 省力的；节省劳力的；降低劳动强度的 labour-saving device device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备 electronic device immediately adv. 立即；马上；即刻 act immediately disappear v. 消失；不见 disappear from sight regularly adv. 有规律地 exercise regularly bomb n. 炸弹 atomic bomb goods n. 商品；货品 goods for sale petrol n. 汽油 petrol station boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开 boil water aim n. 目的；目标 aim to do narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄小的 narrow path suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 suffer from argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 argue with decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 decrease in apartment n. （通常指在同一楼层的）公寓套房 luxury apartment definitely adv. 肯定；当然；确实 definitely will stuff n. 东西，物品 stuff for sale downstairs adj. 楼下的 go downstairs piano n. 钢琴 play the piano talent n. 天才；天资；天赋 have a talent for curtain n. 窗帘 draw the curtain gather v. 搜集，收集（情报） gather information data n. 数据；资料；材料 collect data download v. 下载 download from software n. 软件 computer software company n. 公司；商号；商行 start a company load v. （把大量……）装上，装入 load up file n. 文件 open a file percentage n. 百分率；百分比 high percentage recommend v. 推荐 recommend sb to do sth prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… prefer to do responsibility n. 职责；义务；任务 sense of responsibility arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 arrange a meeting poster n. 海报 put up a poster extremely adv. 极其；极端；非常 extremely important slightly adv. 略微；稍微 slightly different technique n. 技术；技能 special technique grab v. 引人注意；吸引 grab attention brochure n. 资料（或广告）手册 tourist brochure intended adj. 意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 as intended ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 high ceiling occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on occasion upper-class adj. 上流社会的 upper-class family adult n. 成年人 adult education soul n. 灵魂 soul of time-honoured adj. 古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的；由来已久的 time-honoured tradition style n. 风格；体 fashion style 二、重点词汇词形转化： 1. experiment n. 实验；试验→experimental adj. 实验的；试验的→experimentally adv. 实验上地 2. capable adj. 有能力的→capability n. 能力；才能→capable of 有能力做…… 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者 4. device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备→devise v. 设计；发明→devisable adj. 可设计的 5. aim n. 目的；目标→aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的→aiming prep. 旨在；目的是 6. suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者 7. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩→argument n. 争论；辩论→arguable adj. 可争论的 8. decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低→decrease n. 减少；降低→decreasingly adv. 越来越少地 9. piano n. 钢琴→pianist n. 钢琴家→pianistic adj. 钢琴的；钢琴演奏的 10. talent n. 天才；天资；天赋→talented adj. 有才能的；天才的→talentless adj. 无才能的 三、重点短语： 1. hang on 等等（好像有什么不对或新的情况出现） 2. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 3. domestic chore 家务琐事 4. to somebody’s credit 使值得表扬；使受尊重 5. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 6. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 四、核心单词精讲： 1. capable adj.有能力的 The kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred people. 这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。 She's a very capable speaker. 她是一个非常有能力的演说者。 【固定搭配】 be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事 【近义词辨析】 competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) able 为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) survive v.生存；存货；继续存在 2. goods n.商品；货品 Money can be exchanged for goods or services. 钱可以用来换取商品或服务。 【近义词辨析】 commodity 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。 merchandise 正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。 ware 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。 freight 指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。 goods 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。 3. aim n.目的；目标 The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of culture and traditions. 这个庆祝活动的目的是增强人们对文化和传统的认识。 【拓展】 aim也可以做动词： 1）以…为目标；常用搭配为：aim for/at sth. aim to do sth. He said he would aim for the 100 metre world record at the world championships in August. 他说他将以在8月举行的世界锦标赛上打破100米世界纪录为目标。 Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth. 企业必须以长期增长为目标。 The programme aims to educate and prepare students for a challenging career. 这个项目旨在教育学生使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。 2) 瞄准 aim sth at… The hunter aimed his gun at the wolf. 猎人用枪瞄准了狼。 3）旨在做某事 be aimed at… The new measures are aimed at tightening existing sanctions. 这些新措施旨在加强现行的制裁。 n. 瞄准 He stood with the gun gripped in his right hand and his left hand steadying his aim. 他站着用右手紧握住枪，用左手把稳瞄准。 4. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort. 在几天时间里她已病得很重，经受了极大的痛苦和不适。 He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer. 他最后被诊断为癌症晚期。 注意：suffer from 后面多跟疾病。 The peace process has suffered a serious blow now. 该和平进程现已受到一次沉重的打击。 suffering n. 受苦，痛苦 5. argue v. 争吵，论证；说理；争辩； The committee is concerned about players' behaviour, especially arguing with referees. 该委员会担心运动员的表现，尤其担心他们与裁判争吵。 Don't argue with me. 不要和我争辩。 【固定搭配】 argue with sb. 与…争论； argue about sth. 争论某事； argue over sth. 争论某事。 【近义词辨析】 argue 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。 reason 指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。 discuss 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。 dispute 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。 debate 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。 quarrel 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。 6. decrease v.（使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year. 人口增长每年下降1.4%。 The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. 独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家。 In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work. 在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。 反义词：increase 增加，增长。 注意： 后常跟介词by和to,注意其意义差别： increase/decrease by… 增加了/减少了… increase/decrease to… 增加到/减少到… 【近义词辨析】 diminish, decline, alleviate, decrease, reduce 这组词都有“减少，减轻”的意思，其区别是： diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。 The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。 decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。 Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。 He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。 alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和 The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。 decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。 The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。 reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。 He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。 7. definitely adv.肯定；当然；确实 I'm definitely going to get in touch with these people. 我一定要联系上这些人。 【拓展】 definite adj. 明确的，确切的 It's too soon to give a definite answer. 现在给予明确答复还为时尚早。 She made no definite plans for her future. 她对自己的未来没有明确的计划。 We didn't have any definite proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 【形近词】 define /dɪˈfaɪn/ vt. 给…下定义; 解释 We need to define the task ahead very clearly. 我们需要明确今后的任务。 【常用搭配】 define sth as… 把…定义为… sth. be defined as… …被定义为… 8. stuff n.东西，物品 This is high quality stuff. 这是高品质的东西。 【拓展】 vt. 把…塞进 I stuffed my hands in my pockets. 我把双手塞进了我的口袋里。 把…装满 He grabbed my purse, opened it and stuffed it full, then gave it back to me. 他抢走我的钱包，打开并把它装得满满的，然后还给了我。 9. download v.下载 Users can download their material to a desktop PC back in the office. 用户们可以将他们的资料下载到办公室的台式计算机上。 反义词：upload vt. 上传 All you need to do is upload the files on to your web space. 你所需要做的只是把文件上传到你的网络空间。 10. company n.公司；商号；商行 Sheila found some work as a secretary in an insurance company. 希拉在一家保险公司找到了一份做秘书的工作。 【拓展】 company还有”陪伴”的意思: Why don't you stay here and keep Emma company? 你为什么不留在这儿陪埃玛做伴？ 【近义词辨析】 firm 含义广泛，可指公司、商行或商号。规模可大可小，经营、管理的人员可多可少。 company 多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号，也可指经办服务性项目的公司。 corporation 多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司，也指在其它地区或国家拥有分公司的公司。 11. load v.（把大量……）装上，装入 The three men seemed to have finished loading the truck. 这3个人好像已经装好了那辆卡车。 n. 装载物 He drove by with a big load of hay. 他开着装满干草的车过去了。 n. 许多 I've got loads of money. 我有许多钱。 12. file n.文件 Be sure to save the revised version of the file under a new filename. 确保将改过的文件版本另存在一个新的文件名下。 vt. 使归档 They are all filed alphabetically under author. 它们都是在作者一栏下面按字母顺序来归档的。 13. recommend v.推荐; 建议(后常跟宾语从句的虚拟语气) I just spent a holiday there and would recommend it to anyone. 我刚在那儿度过一个假期，愿意向任何人推荐那里。 I recommend (that) he should see a lawyer. （虚拟语气，should可以省略） 我建议他去找个律师。 n. recommendation n. 推荐 【近义词辨析】 propose, prescribe, suggest, advocate, recommend 这组词都有“劝告、主张、建议”的意思，其区别是： propose 多指较正式地提出建议。 prescribe 多指医生对病人在用药或饮食等方面的建议。 suggest 语气较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见。 advocate 指公开表明对某事或某行为的完全赞同，语气强于recommend。 recommend 指向对方提出公开的建议或规劝。 14. responsibility n.职责；义务；任务 No one admitted responsibility for the attacks. 没有人对这些袭击负责。 The court feels it has a responsibility to ensure that customers are not misled. 该法院觉得其有责任确保消费者们不被误导。 【拓展】 adj responsible 负责的 【搭配】 be responsible for… 对…负责； He still felt responsible for her death. 他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。 15. arrange v.整理；排列；布置 She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen. 她安排了一个星期五下午四点一刻的约会。 I've arranged to see him on Friday morning. 我已经安排了星期五早上见他。 I will arrange for someone to take you around. 我会安排好人领你转转。 When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging dried flowers. 她有一点闲暇时间就喜欢插干花。 【固定搭配】 arrange for 安排… arrange to do sth . 安排做某事。 16. intended adj.意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 1）vt. 打算 Maybe he intends to leave her. 也许他打算离开她。 What do you intend doing when you get to this place? 你打算到这里干什么？ 2）. 被用于 (某目的或某人) ，常用被动； This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。 Columns are usually intended in architecture to add grandeur and status. 柱子被用于建筑通常是为了增添宏伟和高贵。 17. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 But it appears that warmer spring temperatures drive lizards to take cover and rest-rather than gather the food necessary to spur reproduction. 而事实却是，春季的高温让蜥蜴在这时节早早躲起来休息，将收集食物和繁衍后代的工作抛在了一边。 18. domestic chore 家务琐事 domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的 domestic market 国内市场 domestic demand 国内需求；本地内部需求 domestic product 国内产品；本地生产 gross domestic product (gdp) 国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： The 1940 house “There were many times when I thought,” I can’t do this. I am a 21st century woman. I don’t work eighteen-hour days’. But then I’d stop and say, ‘Hang on. In the 1940s, women didn’t say they couldn’t do it. They just got on with it. ’”These are the words of 50-year-old Lyn Hymers, who took part in an experiment called The 1940s House. The purpose of the experiment was to see if a modern-day family would be capable of surviving in the 1940s. 参考译文： 有很多次我想，“我做不到。”我是一个21世纪的女人。我不是每天工作18个小时。但我会停下来说，‘等等。在20世纪40年代，女性并没有说她们不能这样做。他们就这么干了。这是50岁的琳恩·海莫斯说的话，她参加了一项名为“1940年代的房子”的实验。实验的目的是看一个现代家庭是否有能力在20世纪40年代生存下来。 In March, Lyn, her husband Michael, her daughter and two grandsons arrived at a three-bedroomed house in south London. Unfortunately, when they opened the door, all 21st century labour-saving devices immediately disappeared. There was no central heating or fridge in the house, but luckily they had a coal fire to keep them warm. 参考译文： 今年3月，琳恩和她的丈夫迈克尔、女儿以及两个外孙来到伦敦南部一所有三间卧室的房子里。不幸的是，当他们打开大门时，所有21世纪的省力设备立刻消失了。房子里没有中央暖气或冰箱，但幸运的是，他们有一堆煤火来取暖。 But food and warmth were not as important as safety—their first task was to quickly dig a hole in the garden. The family needed to have a place to take cover: World War II started in 1939, and German planes were regularly dropping bombs over London. Although the war wasn’t real for the Hymers, they spent a lot of time down in the hole. They wanted the experiment to seem as real as possible. 参考译文： 但是食物和温暖并不像安全那么重要——他们的第一个任务是在花园里迅速挖一个洞。这个家庭需要一个隐蔽的地方:1939年第二次世界大战开始了，德国飞机经常在伦敦上空投下炸弹。虽然战争对Hymers来说并不真实，但他们在洞里呆了很长时间。他们希望这个实验看起来尽可能真实。 The war wasn’t real, but the difficulties of everyday life were. In the 1940s, there was rationing of goods such as food and petrol. There wasn’t much meat or milk, or many eggs, and the food was really boring. As a result, the family were often hungry, especially the children. Before the experiment, the children often had snacks, but now they ate dry sandwiches for lunch. 参考译文： 战争是不真实的，但日常生活的困难是真实的。20世纪40年代，食品和汽油等商品实行定量配给。没有多少肉和牛奶，也没有很多鸡蛋，而且食物真的很无聊。结果，家里经常挨饿，尤其是孩子们。实验前，孩子们经常吃零食，但现在他们午餐吃干三明治。 Domestic chores were a challenge too. In the 1940s, these chores were like a full-time job. While Michael went out to work, Lyn and her daughter spent most of their time preparing meals, doing the dishes and cleaning the floor. Things that Lyn did easily before, now became terribly difficult. She missed her washing machine most of all. “We had to boil the clothes and when the weather wasn’t good, it was impossible to dry anything,” said Lyn. 参考译文： 家务琐事也是个挑战。在20世纪40年代，这些家务就像是一份全职工作。当迈克尔出去工作时，琳恩和她的女儿大部分时间都在做饭、洗碗和擦地板。以前琳很容易做到的事情，现在变得异常困难。她最想念她的洗衣机。林恩说:“我们不得不把衣服煮了，天气不好的时候，什么都不可能烘干。” Today, Lyn is back in her modern, open-plan home, but surprisingly, she misses the 1940s house. The family grew closer, she feels, because they helpfully shared the hard work. In the evenings they played board games with the children, read books or just talked. Life in the 1940s wasn’t easy, but an easier and more comfortable life doesn’t necessarily mean a better life. “I would happily go back there,” she says, “I loved that house where we all laughed and cried together as a family. 参考译文： 如今，林恩回到了她的现代开放式住宅，但令人惊讶的是，她怀念上世纪40年代的房子。她觉得，家庭变得更亲密了，因为他们帮助分担了辛苦的工作。晚上，他们和孩子们玩棋盘游戏，读书或者只是聊天。20世纪40年代的生活并不容易，但更轻松、更舒适的生活并不一定意味着更好的生活。“我会很高兴地回到那里，”她说，“我喜欢那座房子，在那里我们一家人一起欢笑，一起哭泣 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “There were many times when I thought, ‘I can’t do this. I am a 21st century woman. I don’t work eighteen-hour days’.” 解析：这是一个包含定语从句的复合句。“when I thought...” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “many times”，表示 “我有很多次这样想”。直接引语的使用生动展现了人物的内心矛盾，通过现代女性视角与 1940 年代女性的对比，突出实验中的心理冲突。 2.“The purpose of the experiment was to see if a modern-day family would be capable of surviving in the 1940s.” 解析：句中 “to see if...” 为动词不定式作表语，“if” 引导宾语从句，表达实验的目的。“be capable of” 是固定搭配，意为 “有能力做某事”，该句式清晰阐述了实验的核心目标，即验证现代家庭在过去时代的生存能力。 3.“Although the war wasn’t real for the Hymers, they spent a lot of time down in the hole. They wanted the experiment to seem as real as possible.” 解析：前句是让步状语从句，“Although” 引导的从句与主句形成转折，强调尽管战争是模拟的，但他们仍认真对待。后句中 “as real as possible” 是比较状语结构，体现他们对实验真实性的追求，两句通过逻辑衔接展现实验的严谨性。 4.“Things that Lyn did easily before, now became terribly difficult. She missed her washing machine most of all. ‘We had to boil the clothes and when the weather wasn’t good, it was impossible to dry anything,’ said Lyn.” 解析：首句中 “that Lyn did easily before” 是定语从句，修饰 “Things”，突出过去与现在的对比。直接引语部分包含时间状语从句 “when the weather wasn’t good”，通过具体生活细节（煮衣服、晾衣服困难），具象化展现 1940 年代家务的繁琐，增强文本的画面感。 5.“Today, Lyn is back in her modern, open-plan home, but surprisingly, she misses the 1940s house. The family grew closer, she feels, because they helpfully shared the hard work.” 解析：前句通过 “but” 形成转折，打破读者对现代生活的预期；后句中 “she feels” 作为插入语，强调主观感受，“because” 引导原因状语从句，解释 “家庭关系更紧密” 的原因。该组句子通过逻辑转折和因果关系，升华了实验的意义 —— 物质舒适与精神联结的对比。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. No one admitted r________________ for the attacks. 2. The kitchen is c___________ of catering for several hundred people. 3. The new measures are __________ at tightening existing sanctions. 4. Within a few days she had become seriously ill, s______________ great pain and discomfort. 5. In Spain and Portugal there has been a d___________ in the number of young people out of work. 6. I'm d____________ （一定）going to get in touch with these people. 7. Be sure to save the revised version of the f__________ (文件) under a new filename. 8. I r________________ (推荐) that he should see a lawyer. 9. She a___________(安排) an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen. 10. This money is i___________（打算）for the development of the tourist industry. 二、完成句子 用所给单词的适当形式填空 intends company escape stuff arrange store file recommend load definite capable 1. The ____________has overspent on marketing. 这个公司在市场推广方面开支过多。 2. I could ____________to meet with you any day next week. 我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。 3. I selected a ____________and pressed the delete key. 我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。 4. Joseph is the right man for the job. You should ____________him. 约瑟夫是这份工作的合适人选。你该推荐他。 5. We didn't have any ____________proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 6. Carrying more than a light ____________on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. 自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车更难以控制。 7. Be very careful with this ____________, it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 对这东西要小心，处理得不好可能会发生危险。 8. He ____________to get rid of the tipping practice. 他打算取消给小费的做法。 9. Two police officers had a narrow ____________when rioters attacked their vehicles. 暴徒们攻击他们的车辆时，两名警官死里逃生。 10. You are ____________of better work than this. 你有能力做得比这更好。 三、句子翻译 1. 你为什么不在网上订票? (Why) 2. 我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake) 3. 对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。 (compare) 4. 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) 5. 如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever) 14 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 沪教版必修一Unit 4 My space（单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、单元词汇概览： 单词 词性 释义 短语搭配 experiment n. 实验；试验 conduct an experiment capable adj. 有能力的 be capable of survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在 survive in unfortunately adv. 不幸地；遗憾地；可惜地；可悲地 unfortunately for labour-saving adj. 省力的；节省劳力的；降低劳动强度的 labour-saving device device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备 electronic device immediately adv. 立即；马上；即刻 act immediately disappear v. 消失；不见 disappear from sight regularly adv. 有规律地 exercise regularly bomb n. 炸弹 atomic bomb goods n. 商品；货品 goods for sale petrol n. 汽油 petrol station boil v. （使）沸腾；煮沸；烧开 boil water aim n. 目的；目标 aim to do narrow adj. 狭窄的；窄小的 narrow path suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 suffer from argue v. 论证；说理；争辩 argue with decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 decrease in apartment n. （通常指在同一楼层的）公寓套房 luxury apartment definitely adv. 肯定；当然；确实 definitely will stuff n. 东西，物品 stuff for sale downstairs adj. 楼下的 go downstairs piano n. 钢琴 play the piano talent n. 天才；天资；天赋 have a talent for curtain n. 窗帘 draw the curtain gather v. 搜集，收集（情报） gather information data n. 数据；资料；材料 collect data download v. 下载 download from software n. 软件 computer software company n. 公司；商号；商行 start a company load v. （把大量……）装上，装入 load up file n. 文件 open a file percentage n. 百分率；百分比 high percentage recommend v. 推荐 recommend sb to do sth prefer v. 较喜欢；喜欢……多于…… prefer to do responsibility n. 职责；义务；任务 sense of responsibility arrange v. 整理；排列；布置 arrange a meeting poster n. 海报 put up a poster extremely adv. 极其；极端；非常 extremely important slightly adv. 略微；稍微 slightly different technique n. 技术；技能 special technique grab v. 引人注意；吸引 grab attention brochure n. 资料（或广告）手册 tourist brochure intended adj. 意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 as intended ceiling n. 天花板；顶棚 high ceiling occasion n. 特别的事情（或仪式、庆典） on occasion upper-class adj. 上流社会的 upper-class family adult n. 成年人 adult education soul n. 灵魂 soul of time-honoured adj. 古老而受到尊重的；历史悠久的；由来已久的 time-honoured tradition style n. 风格；体 fashion style 二、重点词汇词形转化： 1. experiment n. 实验；试验→experimental adj. 实验的；试验的→experimentally adv. 实验上地 2. capable adj. 有能力的→capability n. 能力；才能→capable of 有能力做…… 3. survive v. 生存；存活；继续存在→survival n. 幸存；生存→survivor n. 幸存者 4. device n. 装置；仪器；器具；设备→devise v. 设计；发明→devisable adj. 可设计的 5. aim n. 目的；目标→aimless adj. 无目的的；无目标的→aiming prep. 旨在；目的是 6. suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者 7. argue v. 论证；说理；争辩→argument n. 争论；辩论→arguable adj. 可争论的 8. decrease v. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低→decrease n. 减少；降低→decreasingly adv. 越来越少地 9. piano n. 钢琴→pianist n. 钢琴家→pianistic adj. 钢琴的；钢琴演奏的 10. talent n. 天才；天资；天赋→talented adj. 有才能的；天才的→talentless adj. 无才能的 三、重点短语： 1. hang on 等等（好像有什么不对或新的情况出现） 2. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 3. domestic chore 家务琐事 4. to somebody’s credit 使值得表扬；使受尊重 5. science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） 6. be attractive to 对……有吸引力的 四、核心单词精讲： 1. capable adj.有能力的 The kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred people. 这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。 She's a very capable speaker. 她是一个非常有能力的演说者。 【固定搭配】 be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事 【近义词辨析】 competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) able 为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) survive v.生存；存货；继续存在 2. goods n.商品；货品 Money can be exchanged for goods or services. 钱可以用来换取商品或服务。 【近义词辨析】 commodity 作“商品”解时系经济学名词，也可指日用品。 merchandise 正式用词，指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称。 ware 指上市待卖的商品或货物。多用复数形式。 freight 指“货物”时，可与goods互换，此系美国英语。在英国，freight志指船装货物。 goods 一般生活或商业用词，指销售或购入的商品。 3. aim n.目的；目标 The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of culture and traditions. 这个庆祝活动的目的是增强人们对文化和传统的认识。 【拓展】 aim也可以做动词： 1）以…为目标；常用搭配为：aim for/at sth. aim to do sth. He said he would aim for the 100 metre world record at the world championships in August. 他说他将以在8月举行的世界锦标赛上打破100米世界纪录为目标。 Businesses will have to aim at long-term growth. 企业必须以长期增长为目标。 The programme aims to educate and prepare students for a challenging career. 这个项目旨在教育学生使其为一个具有挑战性的职业做好准备。 2) 瞄准 aim sth at… The hunter aimed his gun at the wolf. 猎人用枪瞄准了狼。 3）旨在做某事 be aimed at… The new measures are aimed at tightening existing sanctions. 这些新措施旨在加强现行的制裁。 n. 瞄准 He stood with the gun gripped in his right hand and his left hand steadying his aim. 他站着用右手紧握住枪，用左手把稳瞄准。 4. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering great pain and discomfort. 在几天时间里她已病得很重，经受了极大的痛苦和不适。 He was eventually diagnosed as suffering from terminal cancer. 他最后被诊断为癌症晚期。 注意：suffer from 后面多跟疾病。 The peace process has suffered a serious blow now. 该和平进程现已受到一次沉重的打击。 suffering n. 受苦，痛苦 5. argue v. 争吵，论证；说理；争辩； The committee is concerned about players' behaviour, especially arguing with referees. 该委员会担心运动员的表现，尤其担心他们与裁判争吵。 Don't argue with me. 不要和我争辩。 【固定搭配】 argue with sb. 与…争论； argue about sth. 争论某事； argue over sth. 争论某事。 【近义词辨析】 argue 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。 reason 指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。 discuss 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。 dispute 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。 debate 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。 quarrel 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。 6. decrease v.（使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year. 人口增长每年下降1.4%。 The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. 独立公司的数量从198家减到了96家。 In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work. 在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。 反义词：increase 增加，增长。 注意： 后常跟介词by和to,注意其意义差别： increase/decrease by… 增加了/减少了… increase/decrease to… 增加到/减少到… 【近义词辨析】 diminish, decline, alleviate, decrease, reduce 这组词都有“减少，减轻”的意思，其区别是： diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。 The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。 decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。 Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。 He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。 alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和 The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。 decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。 The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。 reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。 He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。 7. definitely adv.肯定；当然；确实 I'm definitely going to get in touch with these people. 我一定要联系上这些人。 【拓展】 definite adj. 明确的，确切的 It's too soon to give a definite answer. 现在给予明确答复还为时尚早。 She made no definite plans for her future. 她对自己的未来没有明确的计划。 We didn't have any definite proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 【形近词】 define /dɪˈfaɪn/ vt. 给…下定义; 解释 We need to define the task ahead very clearly. 我们需要明确今后的任务。 【常用搭配】 define sth as… 把…定义为… sth. be defined as… …被定义为… 8. stuff n.东西，物品 This is high quality stuff. 这是高品质的东西。 【拓展】 vt. 把…塞进 I stuffed my hands in my pockets. 我把双手塞进了我的口袋里。 把…装满 He grabbed my purse, opened it and stuffed it full, then gave it back to me. 他抢走我的钱包，打开并把它装得满满的，然后还给了我。 9. download v.下载 Users can download their material to a desktop PC back in the office. 用户们可以将他们的资料下载到办公室的台式计算机上。 反义词：upload vt. 上传 All you need to do is upload the files on to your web space. 你所需要做的只是把文件上传到你的网络空间。 10. company n.公司；商号；商行 Sheila found some work as a secretary in an insurance company. 希拉在一家保险公司找到了一份做秘书的工作。 【拓展】 company还有”陪伴”的意思: Why don't you stay here and keep Emma company? 你为什么不留在这儿陪埃玛做伴？ 【近义词辨析】 firm 含义广泛，可指公司、商行或商号。规模可大可小，经营、管理的人员可多可少。 company 多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号，也可指经办服务性项目的公司。 corporation 多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司，也指在其它地区或国家拥有分公司的公司。 11. load v.（把大量……）装上，装入 The three men seemed to have finished loading the truck. 这3个人好像已经装好了那辆卡车。 n. 装载物 He drove by with a big load of hay. 他开着装满干草的车过去了。 n. 许多 I've got loads of money. 我有许多钱。 12. file n.文件 Be sure to save the revised version of the file under a new filename. 确保将改过的文件版本另存在一个新的文件名下。 vt. 使归档 They are all filed alphabetically under author. 它们都是在作者一栏下面按字母顺序来归档的。 13. recommend v.推荐; 建议(后常跟宾语从句的虚拟语气) I just spent a holiday there and would recommend it to anyone. 我刚在那儿度过一个假期，愿意向任何人推荐那里。 I recommend (that) he should see a lawyer. （虚拟语气，should可以省略） 我建议他去找个律师。 n. recommendation n. 推荐 【近义词辨析】 propose, prescribe, suggest, advocate, recommend 这组词都有“劝告、主张、建议”的意思，其区别是： propose 多指较正式地提出建议。 prescribe 多指医生对病人在用药或饮食等方面的建议。 suggest 语气较委婉，指提出不成熟的建议或参见意见。 advocate 指公开表明对某事或某行为的完全赞同，语气强于recommend。 recommend 指向对方提出公开的建议或规劝。 14. responsibility n.职责；义务；任务 No one admitted responsibility for the attacks. 没有人对这些袭击负责。 The court feels it has a responsibility to ensure that customers are not misled. 该法院觉得其有责任确保消费者们不被误导。 【拓展】 adj responsible 负责的 【搭配】 be responsible for… 对…负责； He still felt responsible for her death. 他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。 15. arrange v.整理；排列；布置 She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen. 她安排了一个星期五下午四点一刻的约会。 I've arranged to see him on Friday morning. 我已经安排了星期五早上见他。 I will arrange for someone to take you around. 我会安排好人领你转转。 When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging dried flowers. 她有一点闲暇时间就喜欢插干花。 【固定搭配】 arrange for 安排… arrange to do sth . 安排做某事。 16. intended adj.意欲达到的；打算的；计划的 1）vt. 打算 Maybe he intends to leave her. 也许他打算离开她。 What do you intend doing when you get to this place? 你打算到这里干什么？ 2）. 被用于 (某目的或某人) ，常用被动； This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。 Columns are usually intended in architecture to add grandeur and status. 柱子被用于建筑通常是为了增添宏伟和高贵。 17. take cover 躲避；隐蔽 But it appears that warmer spring temperatures drive lizards to take cover and rest-rather than gather the food necessary to spur reproduction. 而事实却是，春季的高温让蜥蜴在这时节早早躲起来休息，将收集食物和繁衍后代的工作抛在了一边。 18. domestic chore 家务琐事 domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的 domestic market 国内市场 domestic demand 国内需求；本地内部需求 domestic product 国内产品；本地生产 gross domestic product (gdp) 国内生产总值 gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： The 1940 house “There were many times when I thought,” I can’t do this. I am a 21st century woman. I don’t work eighteen-hour days’. But then I’d stop and say, ‘Hang on. In the 1940s, women didn’t say they couldn’t do it. They just got on with it. ’”These are the words of 50-year-old Lyn Hymers, who took part in an experiment called The 1940s House. The purpose of the experiment was to see if a modern-day family would be capable of surviving in the 1940s. 参考译文： 有很多次我想，“我做不到。”我是一个21世纪的女人。我不是每天工作18个小时。但我会停下来说，‘等等。在20世纪40年代，女性并没有说她们不能这样做。他们就这么干了。这是50岁的琳恩·海莫斯说的话，她参加了一项名为“1940年代的房子”的实验。实验的目的是看一个现代家庭是否有能力在20世纪40年代生存下来。 In March, Lyn, her husband Michael, her daughter and two grandsons arrived at a three-bedroomed house in south London. Unfortunately, when they opened the door, all 21st century labour-saving devices immediately disappeared. There was no central heating or fridge in the house, but luckily they had a coal fire to keep them warm. 参考译文： 今年3月，琳恩和她的丈夫迈克尔、女儿以及两个外孙来到伦敦南部一所有三间卧室的房子里。不幸的是，当他们打开大门时，所有21世纪的省力设备立刻消失了。房子里没有中央暖气或冰箱，但幸运的是，他们有一堆煤火来取暖。 But food and warmth were not as important as safety—their first task was to quickly dig a hole in the garden. The family needed to have a place to take cover: World War II started in 1939, and German planes were regularly dropping bombs over London. Although the war wasn’t real for the Hymers, they spent a lot of time down in the hole. They wanted the experiment to seem as real as possible. 参考译文： 但是食物和温暖并不像安全那么重要——他们的第一个任务是在花园里迅速挖一个洞。这个家庭需要一个隐蔽的地方:1939年第二次世界大战开始了，德国飞机经常在伦敦上空投下炸弹。虽然战争对Hymers来说并不真实，但他们在洞里呆了很长时间。他们希望这个实验看起来尽可能真实。 The war wasn’t real, but the difficulties of everyday life were. In the 1940s, there was rationing of goods such as food and petrol. There wasn’t much meat or milk, or many eggs, and the food was really boring. As a result, the family were often hungry, especially the children. Before the experiment, the children often had snacks, but now they ate dry sandwiches for lunch. 参考译文： 战争是不真实的，但日常生活的困难是真实的。20世纪40年代，食品和汽油等商品实行定量配给。没有多少肉和牛奶，也没有很多鸡蛋，而且食物真的很无聊。结果，家里经常挨饿，尤其是孩子们。实验前，孩子们经常吃零食，但现在他们午餐吃干三明治。 Domestic chores were a challenge too. In the 1940s, these chores were like a full-time job. While Michael went out to work, Lyn and her daughter spent most of their time preparing meals, doing the dishes and cleaning the floor. Things that Lyn did easily before, now became terribly difficult. She missed her washing machine most of all. “We had to boil the clothes and when the weather wasn’t good, it was impossible to dry anything,” said Lyn. 参考译文： 家务琐事也是个挑战。在20世纪40年代，这些家务就像是一份全职工作。当迈克尔出去工作时，琳恩和她的女儿大部分时间都在做饭、洗碗和擦地板。以前琳很容易做到的事情，现在变得异常困难。她最想念她的洗衣机。林恩说:“我们不得不把衣服煮了，天气不好的时候，什么都不可能烘干。” Today, Lyn is back in her modern, open-plan home, but surprisingly, she misses the 1940s house. The family grew closer, she feels, because they helpfully shared the hard work. In the evenings they played board games with the children, read books or just talked. Life in the 1940s wasn’t easy, but an easier and more comfortable life doesn’t necessarily mean a better life. “I would happily go back there,” she says, “I loved that house where we all laughed and cried together as a family. 参考译文： 如今，林恩回到了她的现代开放式住宅，但令人惊讶的是，她怀念上世纪40年代的房子。她觉得，家庭变得更亲密了，因为他们帮助分担了辛苦的工作。晚上，他们和孩子们玩棋盘游戏，读书或者只是聊天。20世纪40年代的生活并不容易，但更轻松、更舒适的生活并不一定意味着更好的生活。“我会很高兴地回到那里，”她说，“我喜欢那座房子，在那里我们一家人一起欢笑，一起哭泣 二、课文研习： 重难句式及解析 1. “There were many times when I thought, ‘I can’t do this. I am a 21st century woman. I don’t work eighteen-hour days’.” 解析：这是一个包含定语从句的复合句。“when I thought...” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “many times”，表示 “我有很多次这样想”。直接引语的使用生动展现了人物的内心矛盾，通过现代女性视角与 1940 年代女性的对比，突出实验中的心理冲突。 2.“The purpose of the experiment was to see if a modern-day family would be capable of surviving in the 1940s.” 解析：句中 “to see if...” 为动词不定式作表语，“if” 引导宾语从句，表达实验的目的。“be capable of” 是固定搭配，意为 “有能力做某事”，该句式清晰阐述了实验的核心目标，即验证现代家庭在过去时代的生存能力。 3.“Although the war wasn’t real for the Hymers, they spent a lot of time down in the hole. They wanted the experiment to seem as real as possible.” 解析：前句是让步状语从句，“Although” 引导的从句与主句形成转折，强调尽管战争是模拟的，但他们仍认真对待。后句中 “as real as possible” 是比较状语结构，体现他们对实验真实性的追求，两句通过逻辑衔接展现实验的严谨性。 4.“Things that Lyn did easily before, now became terribly difficult. She missed her washing machine most of all. ‘We had to boil the clothes and when the weather wasn’t good, it was impossible to dry anything,’ said Lyn.” 解析：首句中 “that Lyn did easily before” 是定语从句，修饰 “Things”，突出过去与现在的对比。直接引语部分包含时间状语从句 “when the weather wasn’t good”，通过具体生活细节（煮衣服、晾衣服困难），具象化展现 1940 年代家务的繁琐，增强文本的画面感。 5.“Today, Lyn is back in her modern, open-plan home, but surprisingly, she misses the 1940s house. The family grew closer, she feels, because they helpfully shared the hard work.” 解析：前句通过 “but” 形成转折，打破读者对现代生活的预期；后句中 “she feels” 作为插入语，强调主观感受，“because” 引导原因状语从句，解释 “家庭关系更紧密” 的原因。该组句子通过逻辑转折和因果关系，升华了实验的意义 —— 物质舒适与精神联结的对比。 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1. No one admitted r________________ for the attacks. 2. The kitchen is c___________ of catering for several hundred people. 3. The new measures are __________ at tightening existing sanctions. 4. Within a few days she had become seriously ill, s______________ great pain and discomfort. 5. In Spain and Portugal there has been a d___________ in the number of young people out of work. 6. I'm d____________ （一定）going to get in touch with these people. 7. Be sure to save the revised version of the f__________ (文件) under a new filename. 8. I r________________ (推荐) that he should see a lawyer. 9. She a___________(安排) an appointment for Friday afternoon at four-fifteen. 10. This money is i___________（打算）for the development of the tourist industry. 【答案】 1. responsibility 2.capable 3.aimed 4. suffering 5.decrease 6. definitely 7.file 8.recommend 9. arranged 10. intended 二、完成句子 用所给单词的适当形式填空 intends company escape stuff arrange store file recommend load definite capable 1. The ____________has overspent on marketing. 这个公司在市场推广方面开支过多。 2. I could ____________to meet with you any day next week. 我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。 3. I selected a ____________and pressed the delete key. 我选定了一份文件，然后按下了删除键。 4. Joseph is the right man for the job. You should ____________him. 约瑟夫是这份工作的合适人选。你该推荐他。 5. We didn't have any ____________proof. 我们没有任何确凿的证据。 6. Carrying more than a light ____________on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control. 自行车上携带超额负载会使自行车更难以控制。 7. Be very careful with this ____________, it can be dangerous if it isn't handled properly. 对这东西要小心，处理得不好可能会发生危险。 8. He ____________to get rid of the tipping practice. 他打算取消给小费的做法。 9. Two police officers had a narrow ____________when rioters attacked their vehicles. 暴徒们攻击他们的车辆时，两名警官死里逃生。 10. You are ____________of better work than this. 你有能力做得比这更好。 答案：1.company 2. arrange 3. file 4. recommend 5. definite 6. load 7. stuff 8. intends 9. escape 10. capable 三、句子翻译 1. 你为什么不在网上订票? (Why) 2. 我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。(mistake) 3. 对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。 (compare) 4. 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。 (No longer) 5. 如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。(whatever) 1. Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet? 2. I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike. 3. As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and mental health. 4. No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. 5. If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your study / learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably. 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$