Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading-Language points课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

2025年“湘道杯”大赛 译林版——高中英语必修三 Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize Reading-Language points 道县第五中学 吴佳丽 B3U4 Reading Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize Language points 词汇派生 1. dead adj. 失去生命的；________ vi. ___________ adj. 致命的/adv. 极其；非常 2. survive v. 幸存；生存；___________ n. 幸存； __________ n. 幸存者；生还者 3. broad adj. 宽的；广阔的；广泛的；________ v. 拓宽；变宽；扩大; _________n. 宽度；幅度 4. intend v. 打算；想要；意指；___________n. 意图；目的；打算; __________ adj. 故意的；有意的 5. extract v. 提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出；___________ n. 提取；抽取；拔出；血统 die deadly survival survivor broaden breadth intention intentional extraction 6. herb n. 药草；香草；草本植物；___________adj. 草药的；草本的 7. refer v. 涉及；参考；提到；查阅；_____________ n. 参考；参考书；提及；介绍信 8. experiment：n. 实验；试验； v. 做实验；进行试验；_____________adj. 实验的；根据实验的 9. limit n. 限制；限度；界限；v. 限制；限定；__________ n. 限制；局限性； __________adj. 有限的 10. contain v. 包含；容纳；控制；抑制；_________ n. 容器；集装箱；____________ n. 控制；遏制；包含 herbal reference experimental limitation limited container containment 11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充分的；___________ n. 充足；自满；足量；_________ adv. 充分地；足够地；___________ adj.不够的，不充分的 12. wise adj. 明智的；聪明的；博学的；______ n. 智慧；才智；明智；_______ adv. 明智地；聪明地 13. benefit n. 利益；好处；救济金；v. 有益于；得益；________ adj. 有益的；有利的 14. conduct v. 管理；引导；指挥；表现；n. 行为；举止； _______ n. 导体；售票员；指挥；__________adj. 传导的；传导性的；有传导力的 sufficiency sufficiently insufficient wisdom wisely beneficial conductor conductive 15. illustrate v. 说明；表明；给…… 加插图；（用示例、图画等）解释；________ n. 说明；插图；例证；图解； ___________ adj. 说明性的；作例证的；解说的 illustration illustrative 重点短语回顾 1. 致死的疾病 2. 增加存活可能性 3. acquire a broad knowledge of 4. traditional Chinese medicine 5. 打算 6. 成为......的领导 7. a cure of 8. medical recipes 9. 产生预期效果 the deadly disease increase chance of survival 获得广泛的......知识 传统中医 intend to do sth become head of ......的治愈方法 医疗秘诀 produce promising results 10. 查阅，参考 11. at a low temperature 12. 问题的解决方法 13. succeed in doing sth 14. 放弃 15. speed up 16. 在......上试验 17. pay off 18. 凭借 19. be beneficial to refer to 在低温条件下 solutions to the problem 成功做某事 give up 加速 test...on... 获得回报 draw on 对......有益，对......有利 1. (Line 5) Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. 由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 重点单词讲解 【词根词缀法】survival: sur-（超过，在上面）+ viv-（活）→ 超过活下来→幸存 【知识拓展】 (1) survive vt.& vi. 生还；残存；比……活的时间长 survive on... 仅靠……维持生计 survive sb.by... 比某人多活…… (2) survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者 【误区】注意从动词survive到名词survival的词形变化！ 动词去e加-al变成名词的还有： survive —— survival 幸存 remove —— removal 移动 refuse —— refusal 拒绝 propose —— proposal 建议,提议 arrive —— arrival 到达 approve —— approval 赞成 【链接高考】 （2021新高考卷I）In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》(Act)的通过，一个日益受到关注的国家采取了坚定的行动，制止对候鸟和对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。 【链接高考】 （2021新高考卷I）Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. 猎人愿意支付邮票的价格，以确保我们的自然资源的生存。 （2017北京卷）Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. 专家说帕里斯是对的: 对于突发性心力衰竭，唯一最好的存活机会是附近有人迅速介入并做心肺复苏。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①How does the family survive such a small monthly wage? ②It’s said that the woman survived her husband 10 years. ③Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our (survive). on by survival survival的派生词 2. (Line 14) In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 【知识拓展】 (1) be intended for 专门为……准备/打算 be intended to do sth.  专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事 intend sb. to do sth.  打算让某人做某事 intend to do/doing sth.  打算做某事，计划做某事 (2) intention n.用意；目的；意图 with the intention of 为了，以……为目的/意图 【链接高考】 （2020天津卷）Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do! 做一个全身的泥人不会耗尽我的力气——这正是我打算做的! （2019北京卷）We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. 我们终于意识到问题的严重性，通过配套和研发一组工具、应用程序和方法，旨在防止骗子通过。 （2016江苏卷）They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 他们积极地寻求成为“我们”的一部分，这是一个旨在为共同目标而努力的群体。 【词根记忆法】“-tend”家族大集合 tend 伸展；趋向 contend: con- 共同 + tend “竞争；主张”（为某目标共同伸展） extend: ex- 向外 + tend “延伸；延长” attend: at- 朝向 + tend “出席；照料” 记忆点：（把注意力“伸展到某处” intend: in- 向内 + tend 巧记：心思“向内伸展”→产生意图 subtend: sub- 在下 + tend 对向（弧或角） pretend: pre- 先前 + tend “假装” 联想：把假象“向前伸展”示人 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore by chance which was intended ________ bird lovers. ②I don't intend anyone ________ (see) the painting until it is finished. ③Everything they do is intended __________ (improve) the living standards. ④This programme was set up with the ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people. for to see to improve intention 3. (Line 16) When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again. 当它们未能产生预期效果时，屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。 【知识拓展】 (1) refer v.　　 参考；提到；查阅；涉及 refer...to... 把……提交给…… refer to...as... 把……看作…… (2) reference n. 参考，查阅；提到，谈及； 介绍信，介绍人 make(a)reference to 谈及，提及；参考 in/with reference to 关于 refer的现在分词是referring，过去式和过去分词分别是referred, referred。 【链接高考】 （2019全国卷II）The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. 当时的趋势是“便士报”——指的是公众可以广泛获得的报纸。 （2018全国卷III）Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. 他们的努力是卓有成效的。 2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖——它被认为是建筑界的诺贝尔奖。 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 ①He made no ___________ (refer)to his illness but only to his future plans. ②He ____________ (refer)to as a living Lei Feng. ③The question referred ____ at the meeting is hard to answer. ④I have nothing to say _________ reference to that case. reference is referred to in/with 4. (Line 23) However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited． 然而，由于研究资源有限，难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。 【知识拓展】 (1) be on trial　　　 正在受审 (2) stand/go on trial 受到审判 (3) on trial 在试验/测试中 (4) trial and error 反复试验 有趣识记"trial" 【知识拓展】 (1) limit vt.　　 限制 n．[C] 限度，限制 limit...to... 把……限定在…… be limited to 局限于…… there is a limit to... ……是有限度的 (2) limitless adj. 无限制的，无止境的 (3) limitation n. 限制；局限 谐音记忆法：li mi t 厘 米 的 助记：这个界限只有几厘米的限制 【跟踪典例】完成句子 用limit的适当形式填空/结合limit的用法完成句子 ①When people live on a very ________ diet, it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins. ②The knowledge of the children is ________，but their imagination is ________． ③在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。 In my opinion, you had better ____________the expense of this trip. ④生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。 Life is limited, but there is ___________________． limited limited limitless set a limit on no limit to learning 5. (Line 25) When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. 当时没有研究设备，他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。 【知识拓展】 (1) contain vt.　　　 包含；容纳；容忍；控制，克制 (2) contain oneself 克制自己 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 ①He was so excited that he could hardly contain ___________ (he). ②I don't know how much oil is in this old ___________ (contain). ③The girl went to pick up the bag ____________ (contain) much money. ④Our school lecture hall ____________ (contain)1,000 people. himself container containing contains 【明辨异同】contain, include contain 表示包含所含之物的全部，还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。另外，contain还有“克制，抑制（感情）”之意。 include 意为“包含；包括……在内；计入，算入”，指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，在句中常构成分词短语sb./sth.included或including sb./sth.。 【选词填空】　contain, include ⑤This little book _________ all the information that you need. ⑥I have to prepare food for seven people __________ me. contains including 6. (Line 30) To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 为了加快进程并确保安全，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。 【知识拓展】 (1) speed vi. 快速前行 vt. 加速，促进 speed by (时间)飞快地过去 (2) speed n. [C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速 at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速 at a/the speed of... 以……的速度 pick up speed 加快速度 at speed 迅速 【跟踪典例】完成句子 单句语法填空/结合speed的用法完成句子 ①To speed ________ the flow of traffic, the government of our city has decided to broaden some main streets. ②那辆小汽车以每小时100千米的速度行驶。 The car ran ____________ 100 kilometres per hour. ③急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是你正在高速行进的时候。 Bringing your car to a sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially when you are travelling ____________． ④我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。 We'd better _________ if we want to get there in time. up at a speed of at high speed speed up 7. (Line 32) The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 【知识拓展】 (1) pay off　　 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清，还清 (2) pay for 为……付钱；为……付出代价 (3) pay back 还钱；报复 【名师点津】pay off 表示“得到回报”时，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“偿清”时，用人作主语。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①The efforts made by Jack and his parents ________ (pay)off. ②Can you lend me some money？I'll pay you _______ on Friday. ③At last, the young people's hard work _________ (pay)off. ④The couple were happy to know that their son's debt _____________ (pay)off. paid back paid had been paid 8. (Line 40) Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. 也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧, 确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。 【知识拓展】 (1) be beneficial to 对……有益，对……有用 (2) benefit v. 对……有用，使受益；得益于 n. 益处 benefit from/by 得益于，受益于 be of benefit to 对……有利 for sb. 's benefit＝for the benefit of sb. 为了某人的利益 【链接高考】 （2021新高考I卷）Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 尽管关于情商的普遍看法远远超出了研究能合理支持的范围，但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊的。 （2020江苏卷）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. 一项关于进餐时间和身体活动的研究表明，对于那些可以耐饿的人来说，在早餐前锻炼可能比先吃东西更有益于健康。 【跟踪典例】完成句子 ①It is said that yoga is of great benefit _______ human health. In other words, we can benefit _______ yoga. ②In fact, music education is ____________ (benefit) and important to all the students. ③Taking plenty of exercise can ____________________ (对……非常有好处) your health.   ④China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ___________________ (为了……的利益) all its citizens.   to from/by beneficial be of great benefit to for the benefit of Lavf60.16.100 Lavf60.16.100 Lavf60.16.100 $$