Module 8 Sports life 一般过去时的被动语态（模块核心语法精练）英语外研版九年级上册

Module 8 Sports life 模块核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、单句语法填空 4 三、完成句子 4 四、翻译语句 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语法选择 6 题型二 语法填空 7 一般过去时的被动语态用于表示过去某一时间发生的被动动作，强调动作的承受者而非执行者。其核心结构为 “be 动词的过去式（was/were）+ 过去分词”，形式会根据主语的人称和数进行变化。 结构类型 句型结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者) The school was built 100 years ago.（这所学校建于 100 年前。） The bridge was designed by a famous engineer.（这座桥由一位著名工程师设计。） 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者) He wasn’t invited to the party.（他没被邀请参加聚会。） The project wasn’t completed on time.（项目未按时完成。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者)? Were you invited to the ceremony?（你被邀请参加典礼了吗？） Was the book written in 1980?（这本书是 1980 年写的吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者)? When was the building destroyed?（这座建筑何时被摧毁的？） Who was the song sung by?（这首歌由谁演唱？） 注意事项 1. 主动语态与被动语态的转换： 主动句：主语（执行者） + 过去式谓语 + 宾语（承受者） 被动句：宾语（承受者） + was/were + 过去分词 + by 主语（执行者） 例：主动句 “They built the house in 2010.” → 被动句 “The house was built by them in 2010.” 2. be 动词的选择： 主语为单数或第三人称单数时用 was，主语为复数或第一、二人称时用 were。 例：“The letter was sent yesterday.”（单数主语）；“They were praised by the teacher.”（复数主语） 3. 感官动词的被动用法： 主动语态中感官动词（如 see, hear）后接不带 to 的不定式，被动语态中需还原 to。 例：主动句 “I saw her enter the room.” → 被动句 “She was seen to enter the room.” 4. 双宾语结构的被动转换： 直接宾语或间接宾语均可作被动句的主语，注意介词 to/for 的保留。 例：主动句 “He gave me a book.” → 被动句 “I was given a book (by him).” 或 “A book was given to me (by him).” 5. 不可用于被动语态的动词： 表示状态的动词（如 have, belong）和不及物动词（如 happen, die）无被动语态。 例：“The car belonged to my father.”（正确）→ “The car was belonged to my father.”（错误） 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. （2025・江苏镇江模拟）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 2. （2025・天津模拟预测）Lao She wrote many plays and he ________ “the People’s Artist”. A. names B. named C. was named D. has named 3. （2025・河北模拟）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 4. （2025・福建模拟）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 5. （2025・江西模拟预测）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks 6. （2024・江苏连云港专题练习）Robot dogs ________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 7. The more fruit they picked, the more money they ________. A. paid B. were paid C. had paid D. pay 8. I ________ a chance to be a monitor, but I refused. A. offered B. has offered C. was offered D. was offering 9. At the museum, tourists ________ to the Chinese Art section first. A. guided B. to guide C. was guiding D. were guided 10. He ________ a chance to work in a big company but he didn’t accept it. A. offered B. was offered C. was offering D. has offered 11. （2024・黑龙江模拟）—Do you know when the People’s Republic of China ________? —In 1949. A. found B. was found C. was founded 12. The new stadium ________ in 2021. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes 13. We ________ to finish the project by ourselves last week. A. encourage B. are encouraged C. encouraged D. were encouraged 14. Paper, one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China, ________ about 2,000 years ago. A. was invented B. is invented C. were invented D. are invented 15. （2024・陕西专题练习）Tom was ________ guest at the party because he ________. A. an unexpected; didn’t invite B. an unexpected; wasn’t invited C. an expected; didn’t invite D. an expected; wasn’t invited 二、单句语法填空题（10 小题） 1. This stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 2. Paper was ________ (invent) in China during the Han Dynasty. 3. The Silk Road ________ (start) over 2,000 years ago. 4. Have you looked up the route that ________ (take) by Marco Polo on the Internet? 5. Giraffes ________ (see) in China for the first time at that time. 6. He was killed in a battle before the voyage ________ (finish). 7. The Shanghai International Film Festival ________ (found) in 1993. 8. She ________ (give) a collection of Harry Potter as a birthday present. 9. My foot ________ (hurt) by a broken piece of glass. 10. Confucius’s wise sayings ________ (write) down by his students. 三、完成句子（10 小题） 1. 这些问题让我思考自己的文化。（被动语态） I ________ ________ to consider my own culture by these questions. 2. 波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。（被动语态） Many amazing things ________ ________ of in his book by Polo. 3. 人们最早在中美洲和南美洲种植西红柿。（被动语态） Tomatoes ________ first ________ in Central and South America. 4. 约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。（被动语态） Two toy soldiers ________ ________ to Tom by Johnny. 5. 我看见他朝海滩跑去。（被动语态） He ________ ________ running towards the beach by me. 6. 我看见他安全地过马路。（被动语态） He ________ ________ to cross the road safely by me. 7. 他在演讲中多次让观众发笑。（被动语态） The audience ________ ________ to laugh several times by him during his lecture. 8. 许多著名作品被许渊冲翻译成英文。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ translated into English by Xu Yuanchong? 9. 数码相机发明于 1975 年。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the digital camera invented? 10. 年轻人被给予同样的机会来展现他们的最佳状态。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the young given the same chance? 四、翻译语句：用被动语态翻译下面句子（10 小题） 1. 这座桥建于 200 年前。 _____________________________________________________ 2. 去年我们学校种了很多树。 _____________________________________________________ 3. 她没被邀请参加派对。 _____________________________________________________ 4. 这些书是什么时候写的？ _____________________________________________________ 5. 昨天他被老师表扬了。 _____________________________________________________ 6. 会议在上午 9 点召开。 _____________________________________________________ 7. 这座城市被一场大火摧毁了。 _____________________________________________________ 8. 昨天我被给了一个苹果。 _____________________________________________________ 9. 他被看见进入了房间。 _____________________________________________________ 10. 这些礼物是她妈妈买的。 _____________________________________________________ 一、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·陕西·中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Nana looked out of the window. It was starting 1 . Soon, the ground turned white. She stood at the window and watched until it was getting dark outside. The trees and ground 2 by white snow. Nana felt happy and was thinking about snowmen. She loved making snowmen, and tomorrow she could wear her new 3 to make the first snowman of this winter with her dad. When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine 4 in through her bedroom window. Her dad was already up and dressed. He knocked 5 the door and came into her room with the smell of cold and fresh air clinging to (附着于) his coat. He had 6 milk in his hand. “Get up, sleep head,” he said with a smile. “Can you guess 7 ?” He winked (眨眼). Before Nana could give the answer, her father went on: “It 8 almost up to your knees!” Nana jumped out of her bed, dressed 9 , and rushed to the window for a look. Then she ran to the kitchen and sat down at the table. While eating, she talked with her father 10 about the snowman they would build. This year, they decided they would make the biggest snowman ever! 1．A．rain B．to rain C．snow D．to snow 2．A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 3．A．gloves B．glove C．glove’s D．gloves’ 4．A．is shining B．shines C．was shining D．will shine 5．A．at B．of C．in D．to 6．A．glass B．a glass C．glass of D．a glass of 7．A．how deep is the snow B．how deep the snow is C．how long will the snow last D．how long the snow will last 8．A．be B．am C．is D．are 9．A．herself B．himself C．he D．she 10．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitingly Passage 2 （2024·重庆·中考真题）When I was a child, I wanted 1 someone like my father. My father is 2 teacher, and he has taught me a lot. 3 my tenth birthday, he asked me, “What will you do when you grow up?” I answered 4 , “Be a teacher like you!” Hearing this, my father was very happy and said to me, “Try your best 5 your dream will come true.” In the fourth year of my college, I volunteered in a school. One of the teachers was ill. 6 wanted me to take her place for two weeks. I was glad but nervous. My father 7 , “This is a good chance. I wish you success!” The next day, I 8 to the class by the head teacher of the school. The children felt very happy. With other 9 help, I did very well. Personally, the experience has made me even more 10 in being a teacher in the future. 1. A．to be B．be C．being 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．Of B．In C．On 4. A．proud B．proudly C．pride 5. A．or B．but C．and 6. A．She B．Her C．Hers 7. A．say B．says C．said 8. A．introduced B．was introduced C．am introduced 9. A．teacher B．teacher’s C．teachers’ 10. A．interest B．interested C．interesting 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东烟台·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Zhaopeng, an 18-year-old medical student from Shandong City Service Technician College in Yantai, faced a life-or-death test on Saturday — not in an exam hall, 1 in the backseat of a taxi. May 10th, 2025 is the first day of this year’s spring college entrance exam. At about 8:10 a.m., Jiang 2 (head) to the testing place with his classmate in a taxi when suddenly Jiang’s classmate fell down, showing signs of a heart attack. “I thought he was just tired at first,” Jiang said. “But then I realized he was in a 3 (danger) condition, because he seemed to stop breathing.” Depending on first aid 4 (skill) learned in school, Jiang took action at once. He 5 (lay) his classmate flat in the backseat of the taxi and began performing CPR (心肺复苏). At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive 6 (quick) to the hospital. Only after making sure his classmate was under professional care did Jiang rush to take the exam, but it was too late 7 (take) the 9 a.m. Chinese language test. Although this was 8 important chance to continue higher education, he said he had no regrets about his 9 (decide). “Exams can be retaken, but a life cannot,” he said. Jiang’s story drew widespread praise from all over the country. Four days later, a make-up exam 10 (organize) for Jiang. Jiang and Wang have received official praise and have also been recommended as candidates (候选人) for the “China Good Person List” for the second quarter of 2025. Passage 2 （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Grandfather’s gift When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a fountain pen. His first short story 1 (write) with a silver fountain pen. It was a gift from his mother for his 2 (ten) birthday. His name is still on the pen. In an old photo, my grandfather is dressed 3 a school uniform. You can see the pen through the front pocket of his shirt. It seems 4 he was always with his pen. No one was surprised when Grandfather 5 (become) a writer. So far, he 6 (finish) over sixty story books. People all over 7 world enjoy his stories, including me. Last month, my parents and I visited Grandfather. It was an exciting time for us. Grandfather showed me his writing desk. On the last day of our visit, my grandfather asked me 8 (close) my eyes. Gently and 9 (care), he put his pen in my hands. Tears filled my eyes. At that moment I decided to be a writer, too. I will never forget the connection I felt with my grandfather that day. It is one of the most important 10 (memory) of my life. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Module 8 Sports life 模块核心语法精练（一般过去时的被动语态） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、单句语法填空 5 三、完成句子 6 四、翻译语句 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法选择 10 题型二 语法填空 14 一般过去时的被动语态用于表示过去某一时间发生的被动动作，强调动作的承受者而非执行者。其核心结构为 “be 动词的过去式（was/were）+ 过去分词”，形式会根据主语的人称和数进行变化。 结构类型 句型结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者) The school was built 100 years ago.（这所学校建于 100 年前。） The bridge was designed by a famous engineer.（这座桥由一位著名工程师设计。） 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者) He wasn’t invited to the party.（他没被邀请参加聚会。） The project wasn’t completed on time.（项目未按时完成。） 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者)? Were you invited to the ceremony?（你被邀请参加典礼了吗？） Was the book written in 1980?（这本书是 1980 年写的吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者)? When was the building destroyed?（这座建筑何时被摧毁的？） Who was the song sung by?（这首歌由谁演唱？） 注意事项 1. 主动语态与被动语态的转换： 主动句：主语（执行者） + 过去式谓语 + 宾语（承受者） 被动句：宾语（承受者） + was/were + 过去分词 + by 主语（执行者） 例：主动句 “They built the house in 2010.” → 被动句 “The house was built by them in 2010.” 2. be 动词的选择： 主语为单数或第三人称单数时用 was，主语为复数或第一、二人称时用 were。 例：“The letter was sent yesterday.”（单数主语）；“They were praised by the teacher.”（复数主语） 3. 感官动词的被动用法： 主动语态中感官动词（如 see, hear）后接不带 to 的不定式，被动语态中需还原 to。 例：主动句 “I saw her enter the room.” → 被动句 “She was seen to enter the room.” 4. 双宾语结构的被动转换： 直接宾语或间接宾语均可作被动句的主语，注意介词 to/for 的保留。 例：主动句 “He gave me a book.” → 被动句 “I was given a book (by him).” 或 “A book was given to me (by him).” 5. 不可用于被动语态的动词： 表示状态的动词（如 have, belong）和不及物动词（如 happen, die）无被动语态。 例：“The car belonged to my father.”（正确）→ “The car was belonged to my father.”（错误） 一、单项选择（15 小题） 1. （2025・江苏镇江模拟）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们能看到更多绿色”。“trees” 和 “plant” 是被动关系（树被种植），由 “last spring” 可知用一般过去时被动语态，结构为 “were + 过去分词”，故选 D。 2. （2025・天津模拟预测）Lao She wrote many plays and he ________ “the People’s Artist”. A. names B. named C. was named D. has named 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “老舍写了很多戏剧，他被称为‘人民艺术家’”。“he” 和 “name” 是被动关系（他被命名），用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”，故选 C。 3. （2025・河北模拟）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “当艾玛的作文在课堂上被当作范文朗读时，她很兴奋”。“writing” 和 “read” 是被动关系（作文被读），结合 “got excited” 可知用一般过去时被动语态，故选 D。 4. （2025・福建模拟）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “这些照片很美，我想知道它们是在哪里拍的”。“photos” 和 “take” 是被动关系（照片被拍），拍照动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态，故选 C。 5. （2025・江西模拟预测）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks 答案：A 解析：句子意思是 “当泰德在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，他更喜欢流行音乐”。“he” 和 “ask” 是被动关系（他被问），采访是过去的动作，用一般过去时被动语态，故选 A。 6. （2024・江苏连云港专题练习）Robot dogs ________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “2023 年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者”。“Robot dogs” 和 “use” 是被动关系，根据 “2023 Asian Games” 用一般过去时被动语态，故选 D。 7. The more fruit they picked, the more money they ________. A. paid B. were paid C. had paid D. pay 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “他们摘的水果越多，得到的报酬就越多”。“they” 和 “pay” 是被动关系（他们被支付），用一般过去时被动语态，故选 B。 8. I ________ a chance to be a monitor, but I refused. A. offered B. has offered C. was offered D. was offering 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “我被提供了当班长的机会，但我拒绝了”。“I” 和 “offer” 是被动关系（我被提供），用一般过去时被动语态，故选 C。 9. At the museum, tourists ________ to the Chinese Art section first. A. guided B. to guide C. was guiding D. were guided 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “在博物馆里，游客们首先被引导到中国艺术展区”。“tourists” 和 “guide” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”，故选 D。 10. He ________ a chance to work in a big company but he didn’t accept it. A. offered B. was offered C. was offering D. has offered 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “他被提供了一个在大公司工作的机会，但他没有接受”。“He” 和 “offer” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，故选 B。 11. （2024・黑龙江模拟）—Do you know when the People’s Republic of China ________? —In 1949. A. found B. was found C. was founded 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “—— 你知道中华人民共和国什么时候成立的吗？——1949 年。”“中华人民共和国” 和 “成立” 是被动关系，found 的过去分词是 founded，用一般过去时被动语态，故选 C。 12. The new stadium ________ in 2021. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes 答案：C 解析：句子意思是 “新体育场于 2021 年竣工，我们为此感到自豪”。“stadium” 和 “complete” 是被动关系，2021 年是过去时间，用一般过去时被动语态，故选 C。 13. We ________ to finish the project by ourselves last week. A. encourage B. are encouraged C. encouraged D. were encouraged 答案：D 解析：句子意思是 “上周我们被鼓励自己完成这个项目”。“We” 和 “encourage” 是被动关系，“last week” 表明用一般过去时被动语态，故选 D。 14. Paper, one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China, ________ about 2,000 years ago. A. was invented B. is invented C. were invented D. are invented 答案：A 解析：句子意思是 “纸，中国古代四大发明之一，大约在 2000 年前被发明”。“Paper” 和 “invent” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，故选 A。 15. （2024・陕西专题练习）Tom was ________ guest at the party because he ________. A. an unexpected; didn’t invite B. an unexpected; wasn’t invited C. an expected; didn’t invite D. an expected; wasn’t invited 答案：B 解析：句子意思是 “汤姆是聚会上的不速之客，因为他没被邀请”。“he” 和 “invite” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态的否定式 “wasn’t + 过去分词”，“unexpected” 表示 “未被预料的”，故选 B。 二、单句语法填空题（10 小题） 1. This stone bridge ________ (build) over 800 years ago. 答案：was built 解析：句子意思是 “这座石桥建于 800 多年前”。“bridge” 和 “build” 是被动关系，800 多年前是过去时间，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 2. Paper was ________ (invent) in China during the Han Dynasty. 答案：invented 解析：句子意思是 “纸是中国汉代发明的”。“Paper” 和 “invent” 是被动关系，被动语态结构为 “was + 过去分词”，故填 invented。 3. The Silk Road ________ (start) over 2,000 years ago. 答案：was started 解析：句子意思是 “丝绸之路始于 2000 多年前”。“Silk Road” 和 “start” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 4. Have you looked up the route that ________ (take) by Marco Polo on the Internet? 答案：was taken 解析：句子意思是 “你在网上查过马可・波罗走过的路线吗？”“route” 和 “take” 是被动关系，路线是过去被走的，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 5. Giraffes ________ (see) in China for the first time at that time. 答案：were seen 解析：句子意思是 “那时长颈鹿首次在中国被看到”。“Giraffes” 和 “see” 是被动关系，主语为复数，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”。 6. He was killed in a battle before the voyage ________ (finish). 答案：was finished 解析：句子意思是 “他在航行结束前的一场战斗中丧生”。“voyage” 和 “finish” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 7. The Shanghai International Film Festival ________ (found) in 1993. 答案：was founded 解析：句子意思是 “上海国际电影节创办于 1993 年”。“Festival” 和 “found” 是被动关系，found 的过去分词是 founded，用一般过去时被动语态。 8. She ________ (give) a collection of Harry Potter as a birthday present. 答案：was given 解析：句子意思是 “她收到一套《哈利・波特》作为生日礼物”。“She” 和 “give” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 9. My foot ________ (hurt) by a broken piece of glass. 答案：was hurt 解析：句子意思是 “我的脚被一块碎玻璃弄伤了”。“foot” 和 “hurt” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”，hurt 的过去分词仍是 hurt。 10. Confucius’s wise sayings ________ (write) down by his students. 答案：were written 解析：句子意思是 “孔子的名言被他的学生记录下来”。“sayings” 和 “write” 是被动关系，主语为复数，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”。 三、完成句子（10 小题） 1. 这些问题让我思考自己的文化。（被动语态） I ________ ________ to consider my own culture by these questions. 答案：was made 解析：主动句 “make sb. do” 变被动句为 “sb. be made to do”，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 2. 波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。（被动语态） Many amazing things ________ ________ of in his book by Polo. 答案：were told 解析：主动句变被动句，“tell of” 的被动结构为 “be told of”，主语为复数，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”。 3. 人们最早在中美洲和南美洲种植西红柿。（被动语态） Tomatoes ________ first ________ in Central and South America. 答案：were; grown 解析：“Tomatoes” 和 “grow” 是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”。 4. 约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。（被动语态） Two toy soldiers ________ ________ to Tom by Johnny. 答案：were given 解析：双宾语被动句，间接宾语变主语时，直接宾语前需加 to，用一般过去时被动语态 “were + 过去分词”。 5. 我看见他朝海滩跑去。（被动语态） He ________ ________ running towards the beach by me. 答案：was seen 解析：主动句 “see sb. doing” 变被动句为 “sb. be seen doing”，用一般过去时被动语态 “was + 过去分词”。 6. 我看见他安全地过马路。（被动语态） He ________ ________ to cross the road safely by me. 答案：was seen 解析：主动句 “see sb. do” 变被动句需还原 to，为 “sb. be seen to do”，用一般过去时被动语态。 7. 他在演讲中多次让观众发笑。（被动语态） The audience ________ ________ to laugh several times by him during his lecture. 答案：were made 解析：主动句 “make sb. do” 变被动句为 “sb. be made to do”，audience 此处指复数观众，用 “were + 过去分词”。 8. 许多著名作品被许渊冲翻译成英文。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ translated into English by Xu Yuanchong? 答案：What was 解析：对 “许多著名作品” 提问用 what，被动句结构为 “What + was + 过去分词”。 9. 数码相机发明于 1975 年。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the digital camera invented? 答案：When was 解析：对时间提问用 when，被动句一般疑问句结构为 “When + was + 主语 + 过去分词”。 10. 年轻人被给予同样的机会来展现他们的最佳状态。（对画线部分提问） ________ ________ the young given the same chance? 答案：Why were 解析：对目的状语提问用 why，被动句一般疑问句结构为 “Why + were + 主语 + 过去分词”。 四、翻译语句：用被动语态翻译下面句子（10 小题） 1. 这座桥建于 200 年前。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：The bridge was built 200 years ago. 解析：被动语态结构为 “was + 过去分词”，“建于” 译为 was built。 2. 去年我们学校种了很多树。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：Many trees were planted in our school last year. 解析：主语为复数，用 “were + 过去分词”，“去年” 译为 last year。 3. 她没被邀请参加派对。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：She wasn’t invited to the party. 解析：被动语态否定式为 “wasn’t + 过去分词”，“邀请” 译为 invited。 4. 这些书是什么时候写的？ _____________________________________________________ 答案：When were these books written? 解析：特殊疑问句结构为 “When + were + 主语 + 过去分词”，“写” 译为 written。 5. 昨天他被老师表扬了。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：He was praised by the teacher yesterday. 解析：被动语态结构为 “was + 过去分词”，“表扬” 译为 praised。 6. 会议在上午 9 点召开。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：The meeting was held at 9 a.m. 解析：“会议召开” 译为 was held，用一般过去时被动语态。 7. 这座城市被一场大火摧毁了。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：The city was destroyed by a big fire. 解析：“摧毁” 译为 destroyed，被动语态结构为 “was + 过去分词”。 8. 昨天我被给了一个苹果。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：I was given an apple yesterday. 解析：双宾语被动句，“被给” 译为 was given，用一般过去时。 9. 他被看见进入了房间。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：He was seen to enter the room. 解析：主动句 “see sb. do” 变被动句还原 to，译为 was seen to enter。 10. 这些礼物是她妈妈买的。 _____________________________________________________ 答案：These gifts were bought by her mother. 解析：主语为复数，用 “were + 过去分词”，“买” 译为 bought。 一、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·陕西·中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Nana looked out of the window. It was starting 1 . Soon, the ground turned white. She stood at the window and watched until it was getting dark outside. The trees and ground 2 by white snow. Nana felt happy and was thinking about snowmen. She loved making snowmen, and tomorrow she could wear her new 3 to make the first snowman of this winter with her dad. When Nana woke up the next morning, the sunshine 4 in through her bedroom window. Her dad was already up and dressed. He knocked 5 the door and came into her room with the smell of cold and fresh air clinging to (附着于) his coat. He had 6 milk in his hand. “Get up, sleep head,” he said with a smile. “Can you guess 7 ?” He winked (眨眼). Before Nana could give the answer, her father went on: “It 8 almost up to your knees!” Nana jumped out of her bed, dressed 9 , and rushed to the window for a look. Then she ran to the kitchen and sat down at the table. While eating, she talked with her father 10 about the snowman they would build. This year, they decided they would make the biggest snowman ever! 1．A．rain B．to rain C．snow D．to snow 2．A．cover B．covered C．are covered D．were covered 3．A．gloves B．glove C．glove’s D．gloves’ 4．A．is shining B．shines C．was shining D．will shine 5．A．at B．of C．in D．to 6．A．glass B．a glass C．glass of D．a glass of 7．A．how deep is the snow B．how deep the snow is C．how long will the snow last D．how long the snow will last 8．A．be B．am C．is D．are 9．A．herself B．himself C．he D．she 10．A．excited B．excitedly C．exciting D．excitingly 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Nana期待下雪后与父亲堆雪人的温馨故事，展现冬日亲子互动的快乐。 1．句意：开始下雪了。 rain下雨；to rain下雨，动词不定式；snow下雪；to snow下雪，动词不定式。根据“Soon, the ground turned white.”可知是下雪了，start to do“开始做某事”。故选D。 2．句意：树木和大地被白雪覆盖。 cover覆盖，动词原形；covered覆盖，过去式或过去分词；are covered被覆盖，一般现在时的被动语态；were covered被覆盖，一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The trees and ground”为复数，且与cover“覆盖”构成被动关系，即树木和大地被雪覆盖；根据“watched”和“was getting dark”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即were covered。故选D。 3．句意：她喜欢堆雪人，明天她就可以戴上新手套和爸爸一起堆这个冬天的第一个雪人了。 gloves手套，复数；glove手套，单数；glove’s手套的，单数所有格；gloves’手套的，复数所有格。“手套”通常以复数形式出现，根据“wear her new...to make the first snowman...”可知，此处指戴新手套，无需所有格。故选A。 4．句意：第二天早上，娜娜醒来时，阳光正透过她卧室的窗户照进来。 is shining正在照耀，现在进行时；shines照耀，一般现在时；was shining正在照耀，过去进行时；will shine将照耀，一般将来时。根据“when Nana woke up”可知，动作发生在过去某个时刻（醒来时），强调阳光正在照射，用过去进行时。故选C。 5．句意：他敲了敲门，走进她的房间，衣服上飘着一股凉飕飕的新鲜空气。 at在；of的；in在……里；to朝着。knock at the door“敲门”，介词用at。故选A。 6．句意：他拿着一杯牛奶。 glass玻璃杯；a glass一个杯子；glass of错误搭配；a glass of一杯的量。需表示“一杯牛奶”的量。故选D。 7．句意：你能猜到雪有多深吗？ how deep is the snow雪有多深，疑问语序；how deep the snow is雪有多深，陈述语序；how long will the snow last雪会持续多久，疑问语序；how long the snow will last雪会持续多久，陈述语序。根据“Can you guess”可知，空格处为宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序；根据“up to your knees”可知询问雪的深度，用how deep。故选B。 8．句意：它几乎没到你膝盖了！ be是，原形；am是，主语为第一人称单数；is是，主语为第三人称单数；are是，主语为复数或第二人称。根据“It”可知，其为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故选C。 9．句意：娜娜从床上跳起来，穿好衣服，冲到窗前看了看。 herself她自己；himself他自己；he他，人称代词主格；she她，人称代词主格。dress oneself“自己穿衣服”，Nana为女性，用反身代词herself。故选A。 10．句意：在吃饭的时候，她兴奋地和爸爸谈论要堆的雪人。 excited兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；excitedly兴奋地，副词；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词，修饰物；excitingly无此用法。修饰动词“talked”需用副词。故选B。 Passage 2 （2024·重庆·中考真题）When I was a child, I wanted 1 someone like my father. My father is 2 teacher, and he has taught me a lot. 3 my tenth birthday, he asked me, “What will you do when you grow up?” I answered 4 , “Be a teacher like you!” Hearing this, my father was very happy and said to me, “Try your best 5 your dream will come true.” In the fourth year of my college, I volunteered in a school. One of the teachers was ill. 6 wanted me to take her place for two weeks. I was glad but nervous. My father 7 , “This is a good chance. I wish you success!” The next day, I 8 to the class by the head teacher of the school. The children felt very happy. With other 9 help, I did very well. Personally, the experience has made me even more 10 in being a teacher in the future. 1. A．to be B．be C．being 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．Of B．In C．On 4. A．proud B．proudly C．pride 5. A．or B．but C．and 6. A．She B．Her C．Hers 7. A．say B．says C．said 8. A．introduced B．was introduced C．am introduced 9. A．teacher B．teacher’s C．teachers’ 10. A．interest B．interested C．interesting 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍作者从小想做一名教师，在大四做志愿者的时候，代课的经历让作者更坚定自己的梦想。 1. 句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我想成为像我父亲一样的人。 to be动词不定式；be动词原形；being动名词/现在分词。want to be“想要成为”，故选A。 2. 句意：我的父亲是一名老师，他教了我很多东西。 a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一名教师，“teacher”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 3. 句意：在我十岁生日那天，他问我：“你长大后要做什么？” Of关于；In其后加早中晚等；On其后加星期或具体的某天。“my tenth birthday”是具体的某天，故选C。 4. 句意：我骄傲地回答：“做一名像您一样的老师！” proud骄傲的，形容词；proudly骄傲地，副词；pride骄傲，名词。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故选B。 5. 句意：尽你最大的努力，你的梦想就会实现。 or或者；but但是；and和。根据“Try your best...your dream will come true.”可知，前后是递进关系，故选C。 6. 句意：她想让我代替她两个星期。 She她，主格；Her她的，形容词性物主代词；Hers她的，名词性物主代词。此处在句中作主语，用主格，故选A。 7. 句意：父亲说：“这是个好机会。祝你成功！” say说，动词原形；says说，动词三单；said说，动词过去式/过去分词。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选C。 8. 句意：第二天，我被班主任介绍到班里。 introduced一般过去时；was introduced一般过去时的被动语态；am introduced一般现在时的被动语态。根据“I...to the class by the head teacher of the school”可知，主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 9. 句意：在其他老师的帮助下，我做得很好。 teacher名词单数；teacher’s名词单数的所有格；teachers’名词复数的所有格。other修饰名词复数，此处作定语修饰help，所以用名词复数的所有格。故选C。 10. 句意：就我个人而言，这段经历使我对将来成为一名教师更感兴趣。 interest名词/动词；interested形容词，修饰人；interesting形容词，修饰物。根据“the experience has made me even more...in being a teacher in the future”可知，此处用形容词作宾补，修饰人。故选B。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东烟台·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jiang Zhaopeng, an 18-year-old medical student from Shandong City Service Technician College in Yantai, faced a life-or-death test on Saturday — not in an exam hall, 1 in the backseat of a taxi. May 10th, 2025 is the first day of this year’s spring college entrance exam. At about 8:10 a.m., Jiang 2 (head) to the testing place with his classmate in a taxi when suddenly Jiang’s classmate fell down, showing signs of a heart attack. “I thought he was just tired at first,” Jiang said. “But then I realized he was in a 3 (danger) condition, because he seemed to stop breathing.” Depending on first aid 4 (skill) learned in school, Jiang took action at once. He 5 (lay) his classmate flat in the backseat of the taxi and began performing CPR (心肺复苏). At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive 6 (quick) to the hospital. Only after making sure his classmate was under professional care did Jiang rush to take the exam, but it was too late 7 (take) the 9 a.m. Chinese language test. Although this was 8 important chance to continue higher education, he said he had no regrets about his 9 (decide). “Exams can be retaken, but a life cannot,” he said. Jiang’s story drew widespread praise from all over the country. Four days later, a make-up exam 10 (organize) for Jiang. Jiang and Wang have received official praise and have also been recommended as candidates (候选人) for the “China Good Person List” for the second quarter of 2025. 【答案】 1. but 2. was heading 3. dangerous 4. skills 5. laid 6. quickly 7. to take 8. an 9. decision 10. was organized 【导语】本文讲述了一个叫蒋兆鹏（音译）的学生在去考试的路上救助同学的故事。 1. 句意：上周六，来自烟台山东城市服务技术学院的18岁医学生蒋兆鹏面临着一场生死攸关的考试——不是在考场，而是在出租车的后座上。本题考查not...but“不是……而是”。故填but。 2. 句意：上午8点10分左右，蒋和他的同学乘出租车前往考场，突然他的同学摔倒了，有心脏病发作的迹象。根据“At about 8:10 a.m.”可知，此处描述的是过去某一时刻正在做的事情，要用过去进行时：was/were doing，主语是Jiang，be动词要用was。故填was heading。 3. 句意：但后来我意识到他的情况很危险，因为他似乎停止了呼吸。根据“But then I realized he was in a...condition”可知，此处要用danger“危险”的形容词dangerous“危险的”作定语修饰condition。故填dangerous。 4. 句意：凭借在学校学到的急救技能，蒋立即采取了行动。根据“Depending on first aid...learned in school”可知，此处泛指急救技能，要用可数名词skill“技能”的复数形式。故填skills。 5. 句意：他把他的同学平放在出租车后座上，开始给他做心肺复苏。根据“Jiang took action at once.”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，动词lay“放平”要用过去式。故填laid。 6. 句意：与此同时，蒋让司机王涛（音译）赶紧把车开到医院。根据“At the same time, Jiang asked the driver Wang Tao to drive...to the hospital.”可知，此处要用quick“快的”的副词形式quickly“快速地”修饰动词drive。故填quickly。 7. 句意：在确认他的同学得到专业护理后，蒋才赶去参加考试，但已经来不及参加上午9点的语文考试了。本题考查too...to“太……而不能”。故填to take。 8. 句意：虽然这是一个继续接受高等教育的重要机会，但他说他对自己的决定并不后悔。此处泛指一个机会，important以元音音素开头，要用不定冠词an。故填an。 9. 句意：虽然这是一个继续接受高等教育的重要机会，但他说他对自己的决定并不后悔。根据“he said he had no regrets about his...”可知，此处要用decide“决定”的名词形式decision作宾语。故填decision。 10. 句意：四天后，学校为蒋组织了一次补考。本句时态为一般过去时，主语a make-up exam是动作的承受者，要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was organized。 Passage 2 （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Grandfather’s gift When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a fountain pen. His first short story 1 (write) with a silver fountain pen. It was a gift from his mother for his 2 (ten) birthday. His name is still on the pen. In an old photo, my grandfather is dressed 3 a school uniform. You can see the pen through the front pocket of his shirt. It seems 4 he was always with his pen. No one was surprised when Grandfather 5 (become) a writer. So far, he 6 (finish) over sixty story books. People all over 7 world enjoy his stories, including me. Last month, my parents and I visited Grandfather. It was an exciting time for us. Grandfather showed me his writing desk. On the last day of our visit, my grandfather asked me 8 (close) my eyes. Gently and 9 (care), he put his pen in my hands. Tears filled my eyes. At that moment I decided to be a writer, too. I will never forget the connection I felt with my grandfather that day. It is one of the most important 10 (memory) of my life. 【答案】 1. was written 2. tenth 3. in 4. that 5. became 6. has finished 7. the 8. to close 9. carefully 10. memories 【导语】本文讲述了作者的祖父从小喜欢用钢笔写作，并成为了一名作家。祖父在作者访问时将他的钢笔赠予作者，这让作者决定也成为一名作家的故事。 1. 句意：他的第一篇短篇小说是用一支银色的钢笔写的。主语“His first short story”和动词“write”是被动关系，且本句是一般过去时，需用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)，主语是单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。故填was written。 2. 句意：这是他十岁生日时母亲送给他的礼物。根据“for his...(ten) birthday.”可知，此处是指十岁生日，需用序数词“tenth”表示“第十”，其前有形容词性物主代词，此处不用定冠词。故填tenth。 3. 句意：在一张老照片中，我的祖父穿着校服。根据“is dressed”可知，此处是短语be dressed in，表示“穿着”。故填in。 4. 句意：看起来他总是带着他的钢笔。根据“It seems...he was always with his pen.”可知，此处是句型it seems that，表示“看来好像……”。故填that。 5. 句意：当祖父成为作家时，没有人感到惊讶。根据“No one was surprised when”可知，本句是一般过去时，动词“become”的过去式“became”，故填became。 6. 句意：到目前为止，他已经完成了六十多本故事书。根据“ So far,”可知，本句是现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是he，助动词用has，finish的过去分词是finished，故填has finished。 7. 句意：全世界的人们都喜欢他的故事，包括我。all over the world“全世界”。故填the。 8. 句意：在我们访问的最后一天，我的祖父让我闭上眼睛。ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”。故填to close。 9. 句意：他轻轻地、小心翼翼地把钢笔放在我手中。根据“Gently and”可知，空处需填入副词carefully表示“小心地”，与“Gently”形式保持一致。故填carefully。 10. 句意：这是我生命中最重要的记忆之一。one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“……中最……之一”。故填memories。 8 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$