内容正文:
编写说明:河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本清单共两部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题,内容为动词时态。
2026年河北省对口升学一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题10 动词时态(讲+练)
考点
内容解读
河北省近五年对口升学考试统计(题号)
2019年
2020年
2021年
2022 年
2023年
2024年
2025年样卷
动词时态
根据各自时态标志判断时态
(15)(19)
(20)(23)
(24)
(21)
(22)(28)
(18)(20)
(24)
(20)
(24)
从河北省近几年对口升学考试情况统计来看,动词的时态一直是考查的重点,常和语态结合在一起考查。题型主要是单选题。考纲要求学生掌握动词的八种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
思维导图
时态的定义
时态是一种语法范畴,用以表示行为、动作在不同时间里发生或存在的状态。
时态的分类
《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》要求学生掌握常见的八种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
【知识点清单一】一般现在时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般现在时表示一般性的、经常性的、习惯性的动作或状态等。
(二)结构
1.主系表结构
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+表语+状语。
I am tired as usual. 我和平常一样累。
He is eighteen now. 他现在 18岁了。
They are college students at present. 他们目前是大学生。
2.主谓宾结构
主语+谓语(动词原形/动词第三人称单数)+宾语+状语。
We have an English lesson every day. 我们每天上一节英语课。
He eats dumplings once a week. 他一周吃一次饺子。
(三)用法
1.表示动作或状态
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
Students do morning exercise in the boarding school every day.
在寄宿制学校学生们每天都做晨练。
Some students are sometimes sleepy in class. 有时候一些学生在课堂上打瞌睡。
2.表示事实或真理
表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语或格言等。
The moon moves around the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,医生远离我。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的第三人称单数)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
always, usually, often, sometimes,
seldom, never,in the morning,
every day, on Sunday, once a year,
twice a month, three times a week,
on Sundays, on the weekends,
on workdays, every week, every year
一般动词
词尾+s
enjoy→enjoys
swim→swims
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ es
fly→flies
try→tries
以s,x, ch, sh,。结尾的动词
词尾+ es
guess→guesses
fix→fixes
teach→teaches
wash→washes
go→goes
do→does
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→has
【即时训练】
1.The desk in the front of the classroom ________ four legs.
A.have B.has C.had D.having
2.If we ________ enough time tomorrow, we ________ the lessons.
A.will have; will finish B.have; finish
C.will have; finish D.have; will finish
3.I don’t have a basketball, but Alan ________. He is a great player.
A.do B.will do C.did D.does
4.Our teacher said that the moon ________ around the earth.
A.turn B.turned C.has turned D.turns
【知识点清单二】一般过去时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.主系表结构
主语+系动词(was/ were)+表语+状语。
I was unhappy last night. 昨天晚上我不开心。
They were surprised at the news yesterday. 昨天他们对这则消息感到惊讶。
2.主谓宾结构
主语+谓语(动词过去式)+宾语+状语。
They saw a film at the cinema yesterday afternoon.
他们昨天下午在电影院看了一场电影。
He learned French when he was 5 years old. 他5岁时就学习法语。
(三)用法
1.表示动作或状态
表示在过去某段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I met my former math teacher in the street last Sunday.
我上周日在街上遇见了我以前的数学老师。
He was ill in bed the day before yesterday. 前天他生病卧床了。
2.表示习惯动作或状态
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
Tom used to stay up late playing computer games. 汤姆过去经常熬夜打电脑游戏。I had a word with Julia this morning. 早上我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的过去式)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
yesterday,
last year,
two days ago,
in May,
the other day, last night,
last Friday,
just now,
this morning,
in the past,
the day before yesterday
一般动词
词尾+ ed
help→helped
play→played
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
live→lived
hope→hoped
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
carry→carried
study→studied
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ ed
plan→planned
stop→stopped
travel→travelled
control→controlled
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
(详见不规则动词变化表)
【即时训练】
1.Handan once ________ as the capital of Zhao in history.
A.serves B.served C.was serving D.had served
2.There ______ many trees here two years ago.
A.was B.is C.are D.were
3.My mother ________ a new dress for me last month.
A.bought B.will buy C.was buying D.has bought
4.There ________ a pen and two pencils on the desk just now.
A.are B.were C.was D.is
5.She hardly believed his words, ________?
A.did she B.didn’t she C.does she D.doesn’t she
【知识点清单三】一般将来时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般将来时表示以现在时间为基点将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.打算型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are) going to+宾语+状语。
I am going to Beijing tomorrow. 我打算明天去北京。
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are) going to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
I am going to wash clothes this evening. 今天晚上我打算洗衣服。
2.意志型
主语+助动词(will/ shall)+动词原形+宾语+状语。
We will carry out the new policy next week. 下周我们将执行新的政策。
3.计划型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+ to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
The flight is to reach the Beijing Capital Airport at 5:30 this
afternoon.这趟航班预计今天下午5:30到达北京首都机场。
4.心理型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+ about to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He is about to take a bath outside as soon as possible.
他想今天下午尽可能快地在外边洗个澡。
5.短暂型
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+短暂性动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
He is leaving Shanghai right now. 他马上要离开上海了。
(三)用法
1.一般用法
表示将来打算、计划、安排要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He is going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午他打算去打篮球。
I will be free tomorrow morning. 我明天上午有空。
2.主将从现
在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
When I have time this Sunday, I will help you with English.
当我这个周日有时间的时候,我将帮你学习英语。
(四)时间状语
tomorrow, soon, next year, next month, in an hour, in a few days,
next Sunday,before long, tonight, two hours later, in the future
the day after tomorrow, , this afternoon, tomorrow morning
【即时训练】
1.The Browns ________ going to visit the Great Wall.
A.is B.has C.have D.are
2.My mother ________ to Australia the day after tomorrow.
A.goes B.is going C.doesn’t go D.will going
3.In Beijing it ________ snowy next Monday.
A.will be B.is C.be D.was
4.If he ________ back, we _________ a meeting tomorrow.
A.comes; have B.come; will have C.comes; will have D.come; have
5.I will tell him whether he __________back tomorrow.
A.come B.comes C.will come D.coming
6.If it ________ rain, we ________ camping tomorrow.
A.don’t; will go B.doesn’t; go C.won’t; go D.doesn’t; will go
【知识点清单四】过去将来时
【要点精讲】
概念
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.打算型
主语+系动词(was/ were) going to+宾语+状语。
He said he was going to Beijing the next day. 他说他打算第二天去北京。
主语+系动词(was/ were) going to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He told me he was going to wash clothes that evening.
他告诉我那天晚上他打算洗衣服。
2.意志型
主语+助动词(would/ should)+动词原形+宾语+状语。
They said they would carry out the new policy the next week.
他们说他们下周将执行这个新的政策。
3.计划型
主语+系动词(was/ were)+ to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
It was reported that the flight was to reach the Beijing Capital Airport at 5:30 that afternoon.
据报道这趟航班那天下午5:30到达北京首都机场。
4.心理型
主语+系动词(was/ were)+ about to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He was about to take a bath when someone knocked at the door.
他正想要去洗澡突然有人敲门。
5.短暂型
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+短暂性动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
He said he was leaving Shanghai then. 他说他当时正要离开上海。
(三)用法
(1)过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中。
He said he would be there at 8 o’ clock. 他说他会在8点到那。
(2)一些表示位置转移的词如 go, come, leave, arrive等,可用过去进行时来表示在过去某时看将要发生的动作或打算要做的事。
He said he was leaving for Beijing that afternoon. 他说他那天下午就要前往北京。
(3)过去将来时经常用于表示过去的习惯性动作。这种情况不分人称,都用 would。
Whatever he did, he would use his left hand. 他无论做什么,总是用左手。
She would practice playing the piano whenever she was free.
那时,她一有时间就去练习弹钢琴。
(四)时间状语
the next day, the next week, the next morning, that evening, in two days' time, the
following year
【即时训练】
1. He told me he the Summer Palace the next Sunday.
A. visits B. visited C. would visit D. will visit
2. I out to work when it began to snow.
A. was about to go B. went
C. go D. have gone
3. He was not sure whether he grow cabbages.
A. is going to B. was going to C. will grow D. has grown
4. The official announced that our president APEC conference the next
Wednesday.
A. is to attend B. was to attend C. will attend D. has attended
【知识点清单五】现在进行时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
(二)结构
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
I am learning Russian by myself at present. 目前我正在自学俄语。
He is planning his future goals carefully nowadays.
近日他正在仔细规划他未来的目标。
(三)用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
It is raining heavily now. 雨现在下得很大。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作
Are you waiting for me in the office these two hours?
这两个小时你一直在办公室等我吗?
3.表示说话者现在对某件事情的赞扬、责备等情绪
He is always complaining about his marriage. 他总是在抱怨他的婚姻。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的现在分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
now, at present,
these days, this term,
right now, today,
the whole morning
一般动词
词尾+ ing
say→saying
study→studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾去e+ ing
write→writing
make→making
以 ie结尾的动词
词尾 ie变为 y+ ing
die→dying
lie→lying
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ing
sit→sitting
regret→regretting
plan→planning
refer→referring
【即时训练】
1.— Look! Susan ________ in the running race!
— Yes, she is always good at running.
A.take the lead B.is taking the lead
C.takes the lead D.took the lead
2.I am ________ Shanghai ________ Beijing tomorrow morning.
A.leave; to B.leaving; to C.leave; for D.leaving; for
3.Look! They ________ in the park.
A.will walk B.walked C.are walking D.were walking
4.Sarah ________ a blue silk dress for the party tonight, and she is busy ________ her little brother.
A.puts on; wearing B.wears; to put on
C.is wearing; dressing D.dressed; to wear
5.Be quiet! The students ________ an English exam online.
A.took B.are taking C.will take D.has taken
6.Please don’t make any noise. The students ________ an important test now.
A.had B.are having C.were having D.Have
【知识点清单六】过去进行时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
过去进行时表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
主语+系动词(was/were)+动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
I was taking a bath at home then. 当时我正在家洗澡。
They were watching TV at that time yesterday. 昨天的那个时候他们正在看电视。
(三)用法
1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作
What was he doing at that moment? 那个时刻他正在做什么?
2.表示过去某段时间持续进行的动作
We were having an English exam from 3:30 to 5:30 yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午从3:30到5:30 我们一直在进行英语考试。
3.表示说话者过去对某件事情的厌恶、褒扬等情感
My colleague was always complaining to me about her child then.
当时我的同事总是向我抱怨她的孩子。
(四)时间状语
then, this morning, the whole morning, at that moment, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at that time, this time yesterday
【即时训练】
1.I ________ our Christmas Eve dinner with my family when the doorbell rang.
A.am enjoying B.was enjoying C.was enjoyed D.were enjoying
2.My father _______ a movie online when I got home.
A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.was watching
3.—Have you told Dr. Greenall our latest achievement in the vaccine research?
—Not yet. When I _____, he _____ a speech, so we had no time for a few words.
A.arrives; will give B.arrived; was giving
C.arrives; is giving D.arrived; has given
4.— Where were you this morning?
— I ________ in the supermarket.
A.will shop B.am shopping C.was shopping D.have shopped
【知识点清单七】现在完成时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,对现在造成的影响,可能持续发生下去。
(二)结构
主语+ have/ has+动词过去分词+宾语+状语。
He has watched the movie for three times. 他已经看过这部电影3次了。
Hurry up! The piano concert has been on for five minutes.
快点!钢琴音乐会已经开始5分钟了。
(三)用法
1.表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响
I have taught English in the school for two years.
我已经在这个学校教英语两年了。
2.表示过去发生的动作或行为一直持续到现在,可能还要持续下去
He has lived there since he moved to Shanghai.
自从他搬到上海,他就一直住在那儿。
3.动作短暂完成和动作持续的区别
He has already left his hometown. 他已经离开他的家乡了。
He has already been away from his hometown for five years.
他已经远离他的家乡5年了。
(4) 规则
谓语动词(动词的过去分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
例词
already, never, just, ever,
yet, so far, by now,
up to now, until now,
for the past two weeks,
recently, in recent years,
in the past days,
several times,
once, twice, three times,
many times
一般动词
词尾+ ed
help→helped
delay→delayed
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
arrive→arrived
waste→wasted
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
copy→copied
fry→fried
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ed
plan→planned
stop→stopped
refer→referred
prefer→preferred
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
【即时训练】
1.I ________ in New York for just two weeks.
A.am B.was C.will be D.have been
2.Zhangjiakou ________ the rising popularity of ice and snow sports since 2022.
A.saw B.sees C.is seeing D.has seen
3.— Have the scientists ________ life of the moon?
— No, not yet.
A.discover B.discovered C.discovering D.discovers
4.Nancy ________ the room for twenty minutes.
A.left B.has left C.has been away from D.had left
5.— Did you see Miss May?
— No, she ________ Shanghai to attend the opening ceremony.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.have been in
6.Hurry up. Harry Potter ________ for ten minutes.
A.began B.begins C.has begun D.has been on
7.—Mom, may I hang out with my friends this afternoon?
—________ you ________ your homework yet?
A.Have; finished B.Do; finish C.Did; finish D.Had; finished
8.As we all know, online learning ________ very popular with students since the beginning of last year.
A.are becoming B.has become C.would become D.had become
【知识点清单八】过去完成时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
过去完成时表示过去某一特定时间之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
主语+had+动词的过去分词+宾语+状语。
By the time I locked the door, I realized that I had left my key at home.
当我锁门的时候,我意识到我把钥匙忘在家里了。
I had taken part in five volunteer activities by the end of last weekend.
截至上周末,我已经参加了5次志愿活动。
(三)用法
1.表示过去某一段时间或某一个动作之前已经完成的动作
I had just finished half the work by yesterday.
到昨天为止我正好完成了一半的工作。
The train had left before he arrived at the railway station.
在他到达火车站之前,火车已经离开了。
2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算
I had intended to take part in the activity, but I was too busy.
我本来打算去参加这个活动,但是我太忙了。
(4) 规则
谓语动词(动词的过去分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
例词
by then,
by the end of last month,
by nine o’ clock last night,
before last Friday,
by the time
一般动词
词尾+ ed
finish→finished
play→played
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
use→used
promisc→promised
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
marry→married
try→tried
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ed
regret→regretted
stop→stopped
control→controlled
admit→admintted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
【即时训练】
1.By the time Sarah ________ to the cinema, the movie ________ for 15 minutes.
A.got; had started B.had got; started
C.had got; had been on D.got; had been on
2.Hardly ________ the office when it began to rain.
A.did I leave B.I had left C.I left D.had I left
3.他说他去过北京两次。
A.He said he had been to Beijing twice.
B.He said he had gone to Beijing twice.
C.He said he has been to Beijing twice.
D.He said he has gone to Beijing twice.
4.Hardly _______ down at the table when the telephone rang.
A.I had sat B.had I sat C.I sat D.do I sit
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编写说明:河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本清单共两部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题,内容为动词时态。
2026年河北省对口升学一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题10 动词时态(讲+练)
【考点解读】
考点
内容解读
河北省近五年对口升学考试统计(题号)
2019年
2020年
2021年
2022 年
2023年
2024年
2025年样卷
动词时态
根据各自时态标志判断时态
(15)(19)
(20)(23)
(24)
(21)
(22)(28)
(18)(20)
(24)
(20)
(24)
从河北省近几年对口升学考试情况统计来看,动词的时态一直是考查的重点,常和语态结合在一起考查。题型主要是单选题。考纲要求学生掌握动词的八种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
思维导图
时态的定义
时态是一种语法范畴,用以表示行为、动作在不同时间里发生或存在的状态。
时态的分类
《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》要求学生掌握常见的八种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。
【知识点清单一】一般现在时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般现在时表示一般性的、经常性的、习惯性的动作或状态等。
(二)结构
1.主系表结构
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+表语+状语。
I am tired as usual. 我和平常一样累。
He is eighteen now. 他现在 18岁了。
They are college students at present. 他们目前是大学生。
2.主谓宾结构
主语+谓语(动词原形/动词第三人称单数)+宾语+状语。
We have an English lesson every day. 我们每天上一节英语课。
He eats dumplings once a week. 他一周吃一次饺子。
(三)用法
1.表示动作或状态
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
Students do morning exercise in the boarding school every day.
在寄宿制学校学生们每天都做晨练。
Some students are sometimes sleepy in class. 有时候一些学生在课堂上打瞌睡。
2.表示事实或真理
表示客观事实、普遍真理、谚语或格言等。
The moon moves around the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,医生远离我。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的第三人称单数)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
always, usually, often, sometimes,
seldom, never,in the morning,
every day, on Sunday, once a year,
twice a month, three times a week,
on Sundays, on the weekends,
on workdays, every week, every year
一般动词
词尾+s
enjoy→enjoys
swim→swims
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ es
fly→flies
try→tries
以s,x, ch, sh,。结尾的动词
词尾+ es
guess→guesses
fix→fixes
teach→teaches
wash→washes
go→goes
do→does
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→has
【即时训练】
1.The desk in the front of the classroom ________ four legs.
A.have B.has C.had D.having
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意:教室前面的桌子有四条腿。句子描述的是客观事实,桌子通常有四条腿,需要用一般现在时;主语The desk是第三人称单数,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式。has是单数第三人称的一般现在时形式。故选B。
2.If we ________ enough time tomorrow, we ________ the lessons.
A.will have; will finish B.have; finish
C.will have; finish D.have; will finish
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:如果明天我们有足够的时间,我们将完成功课。根据从句“If we ... enough time tomorrow”可知,从句表未来动作,应用一般现在时表将来,主句“we ... the lessons.”应用一般将来时,遵循“主将从现”原则。第一空,应用一般现在时 have,第二空,应用一般将来时will finish。故选D。
3.I don’t have a basketball, but Alan ________. He is a great player.
A.do B.will do C.did D.does
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我没有篮球,但是艾伦有。他是一个非常棒的球员。根据“don’t have”和“is”可知,描述的是现状,用的是一般现在时,此处也用一般现在时,主语是Alan是第三人称单数,所以助动词用does,替代“has a basketball”。故选D。
4. Our teacher said that the moon ________ around the earth.
A.turn B.turned C.has turned D.turns
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:我们老师说月球绕着地球转。尽管主句“said”是一般过去时,但宾语从句描述的是客观自然现象,需用 一般现在时,主语是moon,属于第三人称单数意义,所以动词用第三人称单数形式turns。故选D。
【知识点清单二】一般过去时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般过去时表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.主系表结构
主语+系动词(was/ were)+表语+状语。
I was unhappy last night. 昨天晚上我不开心。
They were surprised at the news yesterday. 昨天他们对这则消息感到惊讶。
2.主谓宾结构
主语+谓语(动词过去式)+宾语+状语。
They saw a film at the cinema yesterday afternoon.
他们昨天下午在电影院看了一场电影。
He learned French when he was 5 years old. 他5岁时就学习法语。
(三)用法
1.表示动作或状态
表示在过去某段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I met my former math teacher in the street last Sunday.
我上周日在街上遇见了我以前的数学老师。
He was ill in bed the day before yesterday. 前天他生病卧床了。
2.表示习惯动作或状态
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
Tom used to stay up late playing computer games. 汤姆过去经常熬夜打电脑游戏。I had a word with Julia this morning. 早上我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的过去式)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
yesterday,
last year,
two days ago,
in May,
the other day, last night,
last Friday,
just now,
this morning,
in the past,
the day before yesterday
一般动词
词尾+ ed
help→helped
play→played
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
live→lived
hope→hoped
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
carry→carried
study→studied
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ ed
plan→planned
stop→stopped
travel→travelled
control→controlled
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
(详见不规则动词变化表)
【即时训练】
1.Handan once ________ as the capital of Zhao in history.
A.serves B.served C.was serving D.had served
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:邯郸在历史上曾作为赵国的都城。根据“once ”以及“in history”可知,动作发生在过去且已结束,应用一般过去时served。故选B。
2.There ______ many trees here two years ago.
A.was B.is C.are D.were
【答案】D
【详解】考查there be句型和主谓一致。句意:两年前这里有很多树。这是一个there be 句型,根据“two years ago”可知,是一般过去时,且主语many trees是复数,谓语动词be要用were。故选D。
3. My mother ________ a new dress for me last month.
A.bought B.will buy C.was buying D.has bought
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意:我妈妈上个月给我买一个新的连衣裙。根据“last month”可知,时态为一般过去时,空处应用动词过去式bought。故选A。
4.There ________ a pen and two pencils on the desk just now.
A.are B.were C.was D.is
【答案】C
【详解】考查there be句型的时态和主谓一致。句意:刚才桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。根据时间状语“just now”可知,应该用一般过去时;句子为there be句型,在连接多个并列主语,谓语动词需遵循就近原则,此处离谓语动词最近的主语是a pen,名词单数,所以be动词用was。故选C。
5.She hardly believed his words, ________?
A.did she B.didn’t she C.does she D.doesn’t she
【答案】A
【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意:她几乎不相信他的话,是吗?分析句子可知,空格处为反义疑问句,其遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则,句中“hardly”是具有否定意义的词,所以前半句视为否定句,后半句要用肯定形式,同时,句子时态是一般过去时(believed),助动词要用“did”,所以应用“did she”。故选A。
【知识点清单三】一般将来时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
一般将来时表示以现在时间为基点将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.打算型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are) going to+宾语+状语。
I am going to Beijing tomorrow. 我打算明天去北京。
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are) going to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
I am going to wash clothes this evening. 今天晚上我打算洗衣服。
2.意志型
主语+助动词(will/ shall)+动词原形+宾语+状语。
We will carry out the new policy next week. 下周我们将执行新的政策。
3.计划型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+ to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
The flight is to reach the Beijing Capital Airport at 5:30 this
afternoon.这趟航班预计今天下午5:30到达北京首都机场。
4.心理型
主语+系动词(am/ is/ are)+ about to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He is about to take a bath outside as soon as possible.
他想今天下午尽可能快地在外边洗个澡。
5.短暂型
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+短暂性动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
He is leaving Shanghai right now. 他马上要离开上海了。
(三)用法
1.一般用法
表示将来打算、计划、安排要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He is going to play basketball this afternoon. 今天下午他打算去打篮球。
I will be free tomorrow morning. 我明天上午有空。
2.主将从现
在含有条件状语从句或时间状语从句的复合句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
When I have time this Sunday, I will help you with English.
当我这个周日有时间的时候,我将帮你学习英语。
(四)时间状语
tomorrow, soon, next year, next month, in an hour, in a few days,
next Sunday,before long, tonight, two hours later, in the future
the day after tomorrow, , this afternoon, tomorrow morning
【即时训练】
1.The Browns ________ going to visit the Great Wall.
A.is B.has C.have D.are
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致和一般将来时。句意:布朗一家打算去参观长城。分析句子可知,主语为“The Browns”,“the + 姓氏复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,是复数概念,此句中是复数主语,“be going to”是一般将来时的基本结构,表示“打算;计划”,这里主语是复数,be 动词要用“are”。故选D。
2.My mother ________ to Australia the day after tomorrow.
A.goes B.is going C.doesn’t go D.will going
【答案】B
【详解】考查一般将来时。句意:我妈妈后天要去澳大利亚。根据“the day after tomorrow”可知,句子描述的是将来要发生的动作,应用一般将来时,其结构为“be going to+动词原形”或者“will+动词原形”。故选B。
3. In Beijing it ________ snowy next Monday.
A.will be B.is C.be D.was
【答案】A
【详解】考查一般将来时。句意:下周一北京将下雪。根据时间状语“next Monday”可知,这是表示将来的时间,因此需要使用一般将来时,结构为will +动词原形。故选A。
4.If he ________ back, we _________ a meeting tomorrow.
A.comes; have B.come; will have C.comes; will have D.come; have
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:如果他回来,我们明天就开会。 本句为if引导的条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则。“we … a meeting tomorrow”是主句,时间状语“tomorrow”表明要用一般将来时,结构是“will+动词原形”;“If he … back”是从句,要用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,所以动词要用第三人称单数形式comes。故选C。
5.I will tell him whether he __________back tomorrow.
A.come B.comes C.will come D.coming
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句的时态。句意:我会告诉他明天他是否会回来。“whether he … back tomorrow”是宾语从句,作tell的宾语,主句“I will tell him ”是一般将来时,宾从时态由从句时间状语来确定。根据时间状语tomorrow可知,从句要用一般将来时,其结构为“will+动词原形”。故选C。
6.If it ________ rain, we ________ camping tomorrow.
A.don’t; will go B.doesn’t; go C.won’t; go D.doesn’t; will go
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:如果明天不下雨,我们就去露营。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句用一般将来时(will + 动词原形),从句用一般现在时表示将来。 第一空,为从句部分,应用一般现在时,it是第三人称单数,rain是实义动词,否定形式要借助助动词does,再加not,缩写为doesn’t;第二空,根据“主将从现”原则,要用一般将来时,其结构是“will + 动词原形”,所以是will go。故选D。
【知识点清单四】过去将来时
【要点精讲】
概念
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
1.打算型
主语+系动词(was/ were) going to+宾语+状语。
He said he was going to Beijing the next day. 他说他打算第二天去北京。
主语+系动词(was/ were) going to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He told me he was going to wash clothes that evening.
他告诉我那天晚上他打算洗衣服。
2.意志型
主语+助动词(would/ should)+动词原形+宾语+状语。
They said they would carry out the new policy the next week.
他们说他们下周将执行这个新的政策。
3.计划型
主语+系动词(was/ were)+ to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
It was reported that the flight was to reach the Beijing Capital Airport at 5:30 that afternoon.
据报道这趟航班那天下午5:30到达北京首都机场。
4.心理型
主语+系动词(was/ were)+ about to+动词原形+宾语+状语。
He was about to take a bath when someone knocked at the door.
他正想要去洗澡突然有人敲门。
5.短暂型
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+短暂性动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
He said he was leaving Shanghai then. 他说他当时正要离开上海。
(三)用法
(1)过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中。
He said he would be there at 8 o’ clock. 他说他会在8点到那。
(2)一些表示位置转移的词如 go, come, leave, arrive等,可用过去进行时来表示在过去某时看将要发生的动作或打算要做的事。
He said he was leaving for Beijing that afternoon. 他说他那天下午就要前往北京。
(3)过去将来时经常用于表示过去的习惯性动作。这种情况不分人称,都用 would。
Whatever he did, he would use his left hand. 他无论做什么,总是用左手。
She would practice playing the piano whenever she was free.
那时,她一有时间就去练习弹钢琴。
(四)时间状语
the next day, the next week, the next morning, that evening, in two days' time, the
following year
【即时训练】
1. He told me he the Summer Palace the next Sunday.
A. visits B. visited C. would visit D. will visit
【答案】C
【详解】:句中“He told me...”表明这是一个宾语从句,主句是一般过去时(told)。根据宾语从句时态遵循“主过从过”的原则,且从句中有“the next Sunday”表示过去将来的时间,所以要用过去将来时“would + 动词原形”,A 选项是一般现在时,B 选项是一般过去时,D 选项是一般将来时,只有 C 选项“would visit”是过去将来时。
2. I out to work when it began to snow.
A. was about to go B. went
C. go D. have gone
【答案】A
【详解】“be about to do...when...”是一个固定句型,表示“正要做某事的时候,突然......”。根据“when it began to snow”(一般过去时)可知,主句也要用过去的时态,A 选项“was about to go”是过去将来时,符合语境;B 选项“went”是一般过去时,不符合该句型;C 选项“go”是一般现在时;D 选项“have gone”是现在完成时
3. He was not sure whether he grow cabbages.
A. is going to B. was going to C. will grow D. has grown
【答案】B
【详解】:句中“He was not sure...”是主句,为一般过去时,后面的“whether”引导宾语从句。根据“主过从过”原则,A 选项“is going to”是一般将来时的表达(be going to 结构),C 选项“will grow”是一般将来时,D 选项“has grown”是现在完成时,均不符合,B 选项“was going to”是过去将来时(be going to 结构的过去式),符合要求。
4. The official announced that our president APEC conference the next
Wednesday.
A. is to attend B. was to attend C. will attend D. has attended
【答案】B
【详解】:“The official announced that...”为主句,是一般过去时,其后的宾语从句时态要遵循“主过从过”原则。“the next Wednesday”表示过去将来的时间,A 选项“is to attend”是一般将来时的一种表达(be to do 结构),C 选项“will attend”是一般将来时,D 选项“has attended”是现在完成时,都不符合,B 选项“was to attend”是过去将来时(be to do 结构的过去式),符合题意。
【知识点清单五】现在进行时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
(二)结构
主语+系动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
I am learning Russian by myself at present. 目前我正在自学俄语。
He is planning his future goals carefully nowadays.
近日他正在仔细规划他未来的目标。
(三)用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
It is raining heavily now. 雨现在下得很大。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作
Are you waiting for me in the office these two hours?
这两个小时你一直在办公室等我吗?
3.表示说话者现在对某件事情的赞扬、责备等情绪
He is always complaining about his marriage. 他总是在抱怨他的婚姻。
(四)规则
谓语动词(动词的现在分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
示例
now, at present,
these days, this term,
right now, today,
the whole morning
一般动词
词尾+ ing
say→saying
study→studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾去e+ ing
write→writing
make→making
以 ie结尾的动词
词尾 ie变为 y+ ing
die→dying
lie→lying
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ing
sit→sitting
regret→regretting
plan→planning
refer→referring
【即时训练】
1.— Look! Susan ________ in the running race!
— Yes, she is always good at running.
A.take the lead B.is taking the lead
C.takes the lead D.took the lead
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:——看!苏珊在跑步比赛中领先了!——是的,她总是擅长跑步。固定短语take the lead意为“领先”,根据“Look!”可知,句子描述的是正在发生的动作,应用现在进行时“be+现在分词”,句子的主语“Susan”是第三人称单数,be动词用is,take的现在分词为taking。故选B。
2.I am ________ Shanghai ________ Beijing tomorrow morning.
A.leave; to B.leaving; to C.leave; for D.leaving; for
【答案】D
【详解】考查一般将来时和动词短语。句意:我明天早上要离开上海前往北京。分析句子可知,“tomorrow morning”为一般将来时的标志短语,所以此句时态为一般将来时,“be+现在分词”可表将来计划,即“be leaving”,此句表达的是“明天早上我要离开上海去北京”,“前往某地”的英文表达为“leave...for...”,所以填“be leaving…for”。故选D。
3.Look! They ________ in the park.
A.will walk B.walked C.are walking D.were walking
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:看!他们正在公园里散步。根据“Look”可知,句子描述的是现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时be doing,句子的主语为They,复数形式,be动词应用are,walk的现在分词为walking。故选C。
5. Sarah ________ a blue silk dress for the party tonight, and she is busy ________ her little brother.
A.puts on; wearing B.wears; to put on
C.is wearing; dressing D.dressed; to wear
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时和形容词短语。句意:萨拉穿着一件蓝色的丝绸连衣裙去参加今晚的聚会,她正忙着给她的小弟弟穿衣服。put on穿(强调动作,后接衣物);wear穿(强调状态,后接衣物);dressed给……穿衣(其后接人作宾语)。第一空:根据“Sarah … a blue silk dress for the party tonight”可知,萨拉正穿着蓝色丝绸连衣裙,强调状态,所以用is wearing;第二空:根据“her little brother”可知,后接人,“be busy (in) doing sth.”意为“忙于做某事”,是固定搭配,应用动名词词形dressing作介词宾语。故选C。
5.Be quiet! The students ________ an English exam online.
A.took B.are taking C.will take D.has taken
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:保持安静!学生们正在网上参加英语考试。“Be quiet”是一个祈使句,是提醒对方注意某事正在进行中,句子时态应用现在进行时(am/is/are+动词现在分词)。故选B。
6.Please don’t make any noise. The students ________ an important test now.
A.had B.are having C.were having D.Have
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:请不要发出任何噪音。学生们正在进行一项重要的考试。根据“Please don’t make any noise.”及时间状语“now”可知,是提醒对方注意,此时某动作正在发生,应用现在进行时am/is/are doing,句子主语为“The students”,是名词复数,be动词应用are。故选B。
【知识点清单六】过去进行时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
过去进行时表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
主语+系动词(was/were)+动词的现在分词+宾语+状语。
I was taking a bath at home then. 当时我正在家洗澡。
They were watching TV at that time yesterday. 昨天的那个时候他们正在看电视。
(三)用法
1.表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作
What was he doing at that moment? 那个时刻他正在做什么?
2.表示过去某段时间持续进行的动作
We were having an English exam from 3:30 to 5:30 yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午从3:30到5:30 我们一直在进行英语考试。
3.表示说话者过去对某件事情的厌恶、褒扬等情感
My colleague was always complaining to me about her child then.
当时我的同事总是向我抱怨她的孩子。
(四)时间状语
then, this morning, the whole morning, at that moment, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last night, at that time, this time yesterday
【即时训练】
1.I ________ our Christmas Eve dinner with my family when the doorbell rang.
A.am enjoying B.was enjoying C.was enjoyed D.were enjoying
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:我正在和家人一起享用圣诞夜晚餐,这时门铃响了。分析句子可知,从句“when the doorbell rang”描述的是过去的时间点动作(rang),主句“I ... our Christmas Eve dinner with my family ”的谓语动作“享受”在此过去的时间点正在进行中,应用过去进行时(was/were+现在分词),主语是I,be动词应用单数was。故选B。
2.My father _______ a movie online when I got home.
A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.was watching
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:当我到家时,我父亲正在网上看电影。根据“when I got home”可知,句子描述的过去发生的事情,当我到家时,父亲正在看电视,表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时态was/were doing,主语为“My father”,be动词应用was,故填was watching。故选D。
3.—Have you told Dr. Greenall our latest achievement in the vaccine research?
—Not yet. When I _____, he _____ a speech, so we had no time for a few words.
A.arrives; will give B.arrived; was giving
C.arrives; is giving D.arrived; has given
【答案】B
【详解】考查一般过去时和过去进行时。句意:—你告诉格林纳尔博士我们疫苗研究的最新进展了吗?—还没有。当我到达时,他正在发表演讲,所以我们没有时间说几句话。根据“so we had no time for a few words.”可知,该句描述过去发生的事情,故第一空用一般过去时,表示一个过去的时间点;第二空用过去进行时,表示在这个过去的时间点上正在进行的动作,其结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故选B。
4.— Where were you this morning?
— I ________ in the supermarket.
A.will shop B.am shopping C.was shopping D.have shopped
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:—今天早上你在哪里?—我在超市购物。根据“Where were you this morning?”可知,此处为一般过去时,询问过去某个时间(今天早上)的情况,回答在今天早上这个过去的时间段里正在做的事情,用过去进行时,结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。故选C。
【知识点清单七】现在完成时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,对现在造成的影响,可能持续发生下去。
(二)结构
主语+ have/ has+动词过去分词+宾语+状语。
He has watched the movie for three times. 他已经看过这部电影3次了。
Hurry up! The piano concert has been on for five minutes.
快点!钢琴音乐会已经开始5分钟了。
(三)用法
1.表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响
I have taught English in the school for two years.
我已经在这个学校教英语两年了。
2.表示过去发生的动作或行为一直持续到现在,可能还要持续下去
He has lived there since he moved to Shanghai.
自从他搬到上海,他就一直住在那儿。
3.动作短暂完成和动作持续的区别
He has already left his hometown. 他已经离开他的家乡了。
He has already been away from his hometown for five years.
他已经远离他的家乡5年了。
(4) 规则
谓语动词(动词的过去分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
例词
already, never, just, ever,
yet, so far, by now,
up to now, until now,
for the past two weeks,
recently, in recent years,
in the past days,
several times,
once, twice, three times,
many times
一般动词
词尾+ ed
help→helped
delay→delayed
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
arrive→arrived
waste→wasted
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
copy→copied
fry→fried
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ed
plan→planned
stop→stopped
refer→referred
prefer→preferred
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
【即时训练】
1.I ________ in New York for just two weeks.
A.am B.was C.will be D.have been
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词的时态。 句意:我在纽约仅仅待了两周。根据“for just two weeks”可知,句子描述的是从过去持续到现在的状态,应用现在完成时(have/has+过去分词),句子的主语为I,故填have been。故选D。
2.Zhangjiakou ________ the rising popularity of ice and snow sports since 2022.
A.saw B.sees C.is seeing D.has seen
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:张家口自 2022 年以来见证了冰雪运动的日益普及。根据时间状语“since 2022”可知,强调从过去持续到现在的动作或状态,需使用现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)故选D。
3.— Have the scientists ________ life of the moon?
— No, not yet.
A.discover B.discovered C.discovering D.discovers
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态。句意:——科学家们发现月球上的生命了吗? ——不,还没有。根据助动词“Have”以及“not yet”可知,这里用的是现在完成时,用have done,故用discover的过去分词discovered。故选B。
4.Nancy ________ the room for twenty minutes.
A.left B.has left C.has been away from D.had left
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在完成时和持续性动词短语。句意:南希离开房间二十分钟了。leave:离开,是瞬间动词;be away from:离开,是持续性动词短语。根据“for twenty minutes”可知,是过去已发生动作持续到现在的状态,强调动作或状态的延续性,句子时态是现在完成时,故用“have done”的动词形式,且要用延续性动词连用,be away from(has been away from)是延续性动词短语,符合题意。故选C。
5.— Did you see Miss May?
— No, she ________ Shanghai to attend the opening ceremony.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.have been in
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时和动词短语。句意:——你看到May小姐了吗?—— 没有,她去上海参加开幕式了。A. has been to去过(已回);B. has gone to去了(未回);C. went to去了(只陈述客观事实,不涉及现在状态);D. have been in(语法错误,需用has been in)。根据“No, she ... Shanghai to attend the opening ceremony.”可知,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果,即我没看到May小姐,句子时态要用现在完成时(have/has+动词过去分词),根据句意可知,她仍在上海未回,因此用has gone to。故选B。
6.Hurry up. Harry Potter ________ for ten minutes.
A.began B.begins C.has begun D.has been on
【答案】D
【详解】考查现在完成时动词辨析。句意:赶快。哈利·波特已经开始了十分钟。begin开始(短暂性动词,不能与“for+段时间”连用);be on上映(延续性动词短语,可与“for+段时间”连用)。根据“for ten minutes”可知,表示过去已发生动作持续到现在的状态,句子需用现在完成时(have/has+动词过去分词),且要求动词是延续性动词,be on(has been on)符合要求。故选D。
7.—Mom, may I hang out with my friends this afternoon?
—________ you ________ your homework yet?
A.Have; finished B.Do; finish C.Did; finish D.Had; finished
【答案】A
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:—妈妈,今天下午我可以和朋友出去玩吗?—你做完作业了吗?根据“yet”可知,时态为现在完成时have/has+done,一般疑问句将助动词have/has提到句首。故选A。
8.As we all know, online learning ________ very popular with students since the beginning of last year.
A.are becoming B.has become C.would become D.had become
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:众所周知,自去年年初以来,在线学习在学生中变得非常流行。根据时间状语“since the beginning of last year”可知,句子强调从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的状态,因此主句要使用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。故选B。
【知识点清单八】过去完成时
【要点精讲】
(一)概念
过去完成时表示过去某一特定时间之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
(二)结构
主语+had+动词的过去分词+宾语+状语。
By the time I locked the door, I realized that I had left my key at home.
当我锁门的时候,我意识到我把钥匙忘在家里了。
I had taken part in five volunteer activities by the end of last weekend.
截至上周末,我已经参加了5次志愿活动。
(三)用法
1.表示过去某一段时间或某一个动作之前已经完成的动作
I had just finished half the work by yesterday.
到昨天为止我正好完成了一半的工作。
The train had left before he arrived at the railway station.
在他到达火车站之前,火车已经离开了。
2.表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算
I had intended to take part in the activity, but I was too busy.
我本来打算去参加这个活动,但是我太忙了。
(4) 规则
谓语动词(动词的过去分词)
时间状语
情况
变化
例词
by then,
by the end of last month,
by nine o’ clock last night,
before last Friday,
by the time
一般动词
词尾+ ed
finish→finished
play→played
以不发音的e结尾的动词
词尾+d
use→used
promisc→promised
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词
词尾y变为i+ ed
marry→married
try→tried
以在重读闭音节中结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词
双写词尾辅音字母+ed
regret→regretted
stop→stopped
control→controlled
admit→admintted
permit→permitted
特殊动词
特殊变化
have→had
【即时训练】
1. By the time Sarah ________ to the cinema, the movie ________ for 15 minutes.
A.got; had started B.had got; started
C.had got; had been on D.got; had been on
【答案】D
【详解】考查一般过去时和过去完成时。句意:当莎拉到电影院时,电影已经开始了15分钟。当“By the time”引导时间状语从句时,从句用一般过去时的时候,主句要用过去完成时。这里描述莎拉“到达”电影院get to,动词应用一般过去时got;start是短暂性动词,不能和for 15 minutes这样的一段时间连用,而用“be on”表示状态,可以延续,其过去完成时是had been on。故选D。
2.Hardly ________ the office when it began to rain.
A.did I leave B.I had left C.I left D.had I left
【答案】D
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:我刚离开办公室就开始下雨了。分析句子可知,本句描述了两个发生在过去的动作,“离开办公室”和“开始下雨”。因为“离开办公室”这个动作发生在“下雨”之前,应该使用过去完成时。倒装句通常用于强调某一动作发生的先后顺序,并且常与 hardly,scarcely,no sooner等副词一起使用。当这些副词位于句首时,句子的语序会发生倒装,因此助动词“had”需要置于主语“I”前面。故选D。
3.他说他去过北京两次。
A.He said he had been to Beijing twice.
B.He said he had gone to Beijing twice.
C.He said he has been to Beijing twice.
D.He said he has gone to Beijing twice.
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和动词短语。对比译文可知,四句的区别在于宾语从句的时态和从句谓语动词短语的选择。主句中“说”的动作发生过去某时,主句谓语用一般过去时,即“said”;宾从中“去过北京”的动作发生在“said”之前,即过去的过去,要用过去完成时“had+过去分词”,且表示去过某地后人已回,需用短语“had been to + 地点名词”。A项翻译符合题意。故选A。
4.Hardly _______ down at the table when the telephone rang.
A.I had sat B.had I sat C.I sat D.do I sit
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去完成时和倒装句。句意:我刚在桌旁坐下,电话就响了。hardly ... when ...意为“一……就……”,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,其结构为had done;hardly位于句首,句子要进行部分倒装,将助动词had提前。故选B。
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