精品解析：上海市黄浦区格致中学2024-2025年高二下学期期末英语试题

格致中学二零二四学年度第二学期期末考试 高二年级英语试卷(共13页) (测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题纸) 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获! 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利! I. Grammar and Vocabulary: Sections A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____1____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____2____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____3____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____4____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____5____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____6____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____7____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____8____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____9____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____10____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” 【答案】1. that##which 2. how 3. driven 4. where 5. with 6. has become##becomes 7. it 8. even if##even though 9. revealing 10. can 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芬兰建筑师在上海的观察与感悟。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的学生称他为“搜搜”，意思是“寻找”——这个昵称反映了他不断的探索。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a nickname，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 【2题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他的自行车骑行是一种参与的方式——一种见证人与地方如何互动的方式。本空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他重视上海的“敏感更新”，这是一个由居民和政府部门共同推动的过程。本句已有谓语values，本空用非谓语形式，名词process和动词drive“推动”是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填driven。 【4题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：“街道是生活发生的地方，”他说。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示 “……之处”，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：每天晚上，它都会变成一个夜总会，有谈话、表演和电影放映。此处表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：在小巷里吹萨克斯的人或梧桐树下的棋局，在他眼里，都是不断变化的标志。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式becomes。或者：从句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时态应用现在完成时，谓语用has become，故填has become或becomes。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：“一个地方的灵魂，”他说，“不在于建筑，而在于周围的生活：那种即使你是陌生人也会感到受欢迎的感觉。”此处指代上文提到的a place，用代词it。故填it。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意同上。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，用even if或even though。故填even if/even though。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Suominen已经用这些场景填满了20多本素描本，每一本都揭示了人与空间之间的动态互动。本句已有谓语has filled，本空用非谓语形式，each指代上文提到的sketchbooks，和动词reveal“揭示”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词。故填revealing。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：在芬兰，寒冷让人们待在室内，你几乎不可能以同样的方式观察到人们的价值观和习惯。根据“where the cold keeps people inside”可知，此处表示几乎不“可能”，用情态动词can。故填can。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. soil B. practices C. underscored D. order E. themed F. staged G. anticipating H. immersive I. boasts J. solidifying K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever ____11____ in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries, including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, ____12____ the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian ____13____ for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition ____14____ a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest ___15___. These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial ____16____ and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the ____17____ of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with ____18____ events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating ____19____ environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and ____20____ Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. 【答案】11. F 12. C 13. A 14. I 15. D 16. B 17. K 18. E 19. H 20. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主题是：上海博物馆举办大型古埃及文明主题展，展现中埃文化交流成果，凸显其作为国际文化枢纽的地位。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：该展览被誉为中国有史以来举办过的规模最大、意义最重大的埃及文物展览，它承诺将带来一场前所未有的旅程，穿越 4000 年的法老辉煌、外交史和不朽谜团。空格处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，根据空前“display of Egyptian antiquities”可知，此处指“展览被举办”，应用动词stage“举行，举办”，且display与stage之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式staged。故选F项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：包括埃及旅游和文物部高级代表和中国文化界领袖在内的政要们强调了此次展览是中埃文化交流的巅峰之作。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据前文“The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以应填动词的过去式，结合句意可知，此处指“强调展览的作用”，underscored“强调”为动词的过去式，符合句意。故选C项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多文物首次离开埃及的土地，使这一活动具有深远的意义。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“离开埃及的土地”，名词soil“土地”符合句意。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：该展览展出了788件直接来自埃及七家顶级机构的精心挑选的文物。空格处应填谓语动词，且根据语境可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以应填动词的第三人称单数形式，boasts“拥有，展出”为动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选I项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：这批藏品超越了常规；它拥有最高级别的国宝。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“最高等级”，名词order“级别，顺序”符合句意。故选D项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些在埃及境外罕见的古代艺术杰作，让人得以一窥王室的埋葬习俗和对来世的信仰。空格处应填名词作宾语，此处指“皇家丧葬习俗”，practices“习俗”为名词的复数形式，符合句意。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：该展览被广泛视为一项重大的软实力举措，加强了埃及和中国之间的文化联系，特别是在“一带一路”框架的背景下。空格处应填名词作介词within的宾语，根据空后“of the Belt and Road framework”可知，此处指“在……背景下”，名词context“背景”符合句意。故选K项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“埃及热”是显而易见的，全市范围内涌现出以埃及为主题的活动、讲座和商品。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词events，此处指“以埃及为主题的活动”，形容词themed“以……为主题的”符合句意。故选E项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：上海博物馆做了充分的准备，创造了沉浸式的环境，有戏剧性的灯光、情境投影和墓室内部的复制品，以增强游客的体验，同时确保为无价文物提供最先进的安全和气候控制。空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词environments，此处指“沉浸式的环境”，形容词immersive“沉浸式的”符合句意。故选H项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：“金字塔之巅”不仅仅是一个展览；它是一项重大的文化活动，将古埃及成就的巅峰牢牢地置于中国公众的视野中，并巩固了上海作为世界级文化交流全球枢纽的地位。空格处应填非谓语动词与placing并列，且和主语it之间为主动关系，所以应填现在分词形式，此处指“巩固了上海的地位”，solidifying“巩固”为动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选J项。 II. Reading Comprehension (37%) Section A Cloze (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____21____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____22____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. ____23____, they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____24____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than ____25____. Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the ____26____ in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to ____27____ applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) ____28____ state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are ____29____ at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill ____30____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every ____31____ of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates ____32____, and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this _____33_____, most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A ____34____ number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life ____35____. 21. A. graduated B. abandoned C. prohibited D. suspended 22. A. reading B. serving C. passing D. escaping 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Instead D. Similarly 24. A. faulty B. smooth C. meaningful D. interesting 25. A. social experience B. family backgrounds C. academic performance D. human relationships 26. A. pursuit B. explosion C. exploit D. progress 27. A. tempt B. enroll C. introduce D. cultivate 28. A. remote B. public C. packed D. outstanding 29. A. difficult B. different C. discouraging D. disturbing 30. A. differs B. ranges C. matters D. varies 31. A. student B. major C. component D. college 32. A. especially B. intensively C. generally D. particularly 33. A. passion B. aim C. aid D. initiative 34. A. stable B. certain C. random D. growing 35. A. expectancy B. tragedy C. experience D. passion 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了罗格斯大学荣誉学院的创新招生模式。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mohammad被预备学校开除，然后因为向同学卖巧克力而被高中停课100天。A. graduated毕业；B. abandoned抛弃；C. prohibited禁止；D. suspended暂停，中止（课程、活动等）。根据下文“for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates”可知，Mohammad因犯错被学校“停学”。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑。A. reading阅读；B. serving服刑；C. passing通过；D. escaping逃跑。根据下文“a three-year sentence for armed robbery”可知，Emanuel因持械抢劫被判三年徒刑，因此他正在“服刑”。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取，在那里，他们和其他有着类似坎坷人生故事的人正在通过强调克服生活困难的勇气，而不是学术表现，来突破荣誉学院的界限。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead相反；D. Similarly相似地。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties”可知，这些人并不是传统大学荣誉学院录取的学生类型，而“相反”，他们被罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的荣誉生活学习社区录取。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. faulty有错误的，有问题的；B. smooth顺利的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. interesting有趣的。根据上文“Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery.”可知，上文提到的辍学、犯罪等经历可知，他们的人生故事是“坎坷的、有波折的”，faulty 可引申为“不顺利的”，符合语境。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意同上。A. social experience社会经验；B. family backgrounds家庭背景；C. academic performance学术表现；D. human relationships人际关系。根据上文“These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college.”和下文“While academic skill ____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice.”可知，传统荣誉学院更看重“学业表现”，而罗格斯大学的荣誉生活学习社区在招生时更强调学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情，而不是“学术表现”。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美国各地，对声誉的不断追求导致了荣誉学院数量的激增。A. pursuit追求；B. explosion爆炸，激增；C. exploit利用；D. progress进步。根据下文“Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council.”可知，荣誉学院的数量在“激增”。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于一所学校来说，吸引那些在高中成绩优异、SAT分数高到足以保证进入知名私立大学的申请者通常是一个好主意。A. tempt吸引；B. enroll注册；C. introduce介绍；D. cultivate培养。根据下文“applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college”可知，荣誉学院是吸引这些优秀申请者的“诱饵”。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诱饵是荣誉学院，它承诺在一所杰出的州立学校内营造出小型学院的亲密氛围。A. remote遥远的；B. public公立的；C. packed挤满的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据上文“state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand.”可知，这些学校是“杰出的”大学。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，荣誉生活学习社区的情况却有所不同，这里主要招收黑人和拉丁裔学生——几乎是罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校其他项目黑人和拉丁裔本科生总数的两倍。A. difficult困难的；B. different不同的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据下文“which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs”可知，荣誉生活学习社区的情况与其他荣誉学院“不同”。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时很重要，但重点在于这些学生的毅力、学习动力和对社会正义的热情。A. differs不同；B. ranges变动，（在一定范围内）变化；C. matters重要；D. varies变化。根据下文“the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance”可知，虽然学术技能在决定谁被选中时“重要”，但重点还是在于学生的毅力等品质。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：荣誉项目的每个组成部分都直接源自于关于如何强烈吸引本科生——尤其是少数族裔学生——的书籍。A. student学生；B. major专业；C. component组成部分；D. college学院。根据下文“of the honors program”可知，此处指的是荣誉项目的每一部分。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. intensively深入地，强烈地；C. generally一般地；D. particularly特别地。根据上文“the book on how to engage undergraduates”可知，此处表示这些书籍强烈吸引本科生。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种援助，大多数人无法全日制入学，证据表明，非全日制学生毕业的可能性要小得多。A. passion激情；B. aim目标；C. aid援助；D. initiative倡议。根据上文“The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition.”可知，学生获得的奖学金是一种“援助”。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，这给了刚从高中毕业的18岁学生一个向更有生活经验的同龄人学习的机会。A. stable稳定的；B. certain确定的；C. random随机的；D. growing增长的。根据下文“number of community college graduates are admitted”可知，越来越多的社区大学毕业生被录取，因此此处表示“增长的”数量。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. expectancy期望；B. tragedy悲剧；C. experience经验；D. passion激情。根据上文“community college graduates”可知，社区大学毕业生有更多的生活“经验”。故选C。 Section B (2*11=22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, of course, but in today’s world, we also consume to entertain and amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also services, experiences, information, and cultural products. Consumption today is a central organizing principle of social life. Sociologists recognize that many aspects of our daily lives are structured by consumption. In fact, Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman wrote in the book Consuming Life that Western societies are no longer organized around the act of production, but instead, around consumption. This transition began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which most production jobs were moved overseas, and our economy shifted to retail and the provision of services and information. As a consequence, most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, oil, water, paper, and a host of consumer electronics and digital goods; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restaurant; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book. Who can break free from it? Consumption has taken on great importance in the relationships we develop with others. We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether that be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, or meeting friends for a shopping excursion at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving. Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In Subculture: The Meaning of Style, sociologist Dick Hebdige observed that identity is often expressed through fashion choices. This happens because we choose consumer goods that we feel say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are. So, from the sociological perspective, there’s much more to consumption than meets the eye. In fact, there’s so much to study about consumption that there’s a whole subfield dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption. 36. What was the change in the United States in the mid-twentieth century? A. A shift to local production. B. A growth of overseas consumption. C. A focus on retail and services. D. A decline in the value of consumption. 37. The author presents a person’s daily life in paragraph 3 in order to ________. A. encourage people to spend more time working than consuming. B. show the variety of consumer products available on the market. C. suggest that producing goods is no longer part of modern life. D. highlight the constant presence of consumption in people’s life. 38. What can be inferred about consumption in paragraph 4 and 5? A. It discourages gift-giving. B. It conveys individuality. C. It defines culture. D. It sets the fashion trends. 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The divided opinions on consumption. B. The effects of consumerism on people’s life. C. The philosophy of consumption in social life. D. The balance between consumption and production. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文从社会学角度阐述了消费的含义及其在现代社会中的重要性。文章还指出，消费在人际关系、个人与群体身份的形成和表达中扮演着重要角色。因此，社会学中对消费的研究形成了一个专门的子领域：消费社会学。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“This transition began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which most production jobs were moved overseas, and our economy shifted to retail and the provision of services and information.(这一转变始于20世纪中期的美国，之后大多数生产工作都转移到了海外，我们的经济转向了零售以及服务和信息的提供。)”可知，20世纪中期，美国的经济重心从生产转向了零售和服务业。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“As a consequence, most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. (因此，我们大多数人每天都在消费而不是生产商品。)”以及“On any given day, one might travel to work by car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, oil, water, paper, and a host of consumer electronics and digital goods; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restaurant; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book.( 在任何一天，人们都可能开车去上班；在一个需要电、气、油、水、纸和大量消费电子产品和数字产品的办公室工作；买一杯茶、咖啡或苏打水；去餐馆；取干洗衣物；在药店购买保健和卫生用品；用买来的杂货准备晚餐，然后晚上看电视，享受社交媒体，或者看书。)”可知，本段通过列举一个人一天中可能进行的各种消费活动，展示了消费在人们日常生活中的无处不在。因此，作者这样做的目的是为了强调消费在人们生活中的持续存在，选项D“highlight the constant presence of consumption in people’s life(强调消费在人们生活中的持续存在)”符合题意。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段提到“Consumption has taken on great importance in the relationships we develop with others. (消费在我们与他人建立的关系中扮演着重要角色。)”以及第五段中提到的“Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities.(社会学家也认为消费是形成和表达个人和群体身份过程的重要组成部分。)”可知，消费在我们与他人建立的关系中扮演着重要角色，以及消费是形成和表达个人和群体身份过程的重要组成部分即消费能够传达个性，故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources.(在社会学中，消费不仅仅是摄取或使用资源那么简单。)”，接着文章从多个方面阐述了消费在社会生活中的重要性，第四段提到“Consumption has taken on great importance in the relationships we develop with others. (消费在我们与他人建立的关系中扮演着重要角色。)”以及第五段中提到的“Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities.(社会学家也认为消费是形成和表达个人和群体身份过程的重要组成部分。)”即文章指出了消费如何塑造和表达个人及群体身份、消费在人际关系中的重要性等；同时根据最后一段“So, from the sociological perspective, there’s much more to consumption than meets the eye. In fact, there’s so much to study about consumption that there’s a whole subfield dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption.(因此，从社会学的角度来看，消费的意义远不止表面所见。事实上，关于消费的研究非常多，以至于有一个专门研究它的子领域：消费社会学。)”。因此，本文从社会学角度阐述了消费的含义及其在现代社会中的重要性，由此阐述了消费在社会生活中的哲学。C选项“The philosophy of consumption in social life.(消费在社会生活中的哲学)”概括文章主要内容，符合题意，故选C。 (B) O. Henry—Master of the Short Story O. Henry, born William Sydney Porter on September 11,1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA, is celebrated as one of the founding figures of the modern American short story. He died on June 5,1910, at the age of 47. Porter’s life was as eventful as his fiction. After his mother’s early death, he was raised by relatives. He left school at 15, trained as a pharmacist, and later moved to Texas in 1882. There, he held diverse jobs including bank teller and journalist, experiences that later enriched his stories. In 1887, he married Athol Estes, with whom he had a daughter. His life took a dramatic turn in 1894 when the bank he worked for discovered financial discrepancies. Accused of embezzlement in 1896, he fled to Honduras but returned when his wife became seriously ill. Convicted in 1898, he served three years of a five-year sentence at the Ohio State Penitentiary. It was during this imprisonment that he began writing short stories seriously under the pen name “O. Henry” and submitting them to magazines. Following his early release for good behavior in 1901, he moved to New York City. This period marked his creative peak. Writing at an astonishing pace (often one story per week), he became immensely popular, publishing primarily in newspapers like the New York World. His stories vividly captured the lives of ordinary New Yorkers, especially the working class and underprivileged — shop clerks, artists, waitresses, and even petty criminals — portraying their struggles, joys, and resilience with warmth and humor. Despite his literary success and income, O. Henry struggled with financial management and alcoholism. His health deteriorated, leading to his death from cirrhosis of the liver and other complications on June 5, 1910. Literary Legacy: O. Henry’s fame rests primarily on his unique narrative technique and subject matter: The “O. Henry Twist”: This is his most famous contribution. His stories are renowned for their surprise endings — sudden, unexpected plot twists that are both startling and logically consistent with the preceding story, often delivering a powerful emotional punch or ironic revelation. Focus on the “Little People”: His work centered on the everyday lives, dreams, and misfortunes of common city dwellers, particularly in New York (which he called “Baghdad-on-the-Subway”), the American West, and Latin America. He infused these tales with deep humanity, humor, and gentle social commentary. Blend of Humor and Pathos: His witty style, featuring wordplay and satire, often masked underlying themes of hardship, sacrifice, and compassion. Stories like The Gift of the Magi (a poignant tale of sacrificial love between a poor couple) and The Last Leaf (a story of artistic sacrifice and hope) exemplify his ability to mingle laughter with tears. Impact: O. Henry is globally recognized as one of the “Three Masters of the Short Story,” alongside Guy de Maupassant (France) and Anton Chekhov (Russia). His “O. Henry Twist” has influenced countless writers. The prestigious O. Henry Award continues to honor excellence in short story writing, and his works remain widely read and adapted globally. 40. What can be inferred about the period O. Henry lived in New York City? A. It was a time of great personal happiness and stability for him. B. His popularity declined despite his high productivity. C. He focused exclusively on writing about wealthy socialites. D. He achieved his greatest literary success and output, though personal problems persisted. 41. In the context of his writing style “Blend of Humor and Pathos”, the word “pathos” refers to: A. fast-paced action and adventure. B. a quality that evokes feelings of pity, sadness, or tenderness. C. complex historical background. D. scientific accuracy and detail. 42. The passage suggests that O. Henry’s personal experiences most directly influenced his writing in which TWO ways? a) His legal troubles and imprisonment provided a unique setting and perspective. b) His academic background in literature gave him classical techniques. c) His observations of ordinary people in Texas and New York shaped his characters and settings. d) His extensive travels throughout Europe broadened his cultural themes. e) His work as a journalist trained him solely in writing factual reports. A. a+b B. a+c C. c+e D. d+e 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国短篇小说大师欧·亨利的生平、写作风格及其对世界文学的深远影响。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Following his early release for good behavior in 1901, he moved to New York City. This period marked his creative peak. Writing at an astonishing pace (often one story per week), he became immensely popular, publishing primarily in newspapers like the New York World.(1901年，因表现良好他提前获释，随后搬到了纽约市。这段时期是他的创作巅峰。他以惊人的速度进行写作（通常每周一篇），广受欢迎，作品主要发表在《纽约世界报》等报纸上)”及第五段“Despite his literary success and income, O. Henry struggled with financial management and alcoholism. His health deteriorated, leading to his death from cirrhosis of the liver and other complications on June 5, 1910.(尽管欧·亨利在文学上取得了成功，也有了收入，但他在财务管理和酗酒问题上苦苦挣扎。他的健康状况不断恶化，最终于1910年6月5日因肝硬化及其他并发症去世)”可推知，欧·亨利在纽约市生活期间，虽然个人问题持续存在，但他取得了最大的文学成就，创作量也最大。故选D。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Blend of Humor and Pathos: His witty style, featuring wordplay and satire, often masked underlying themes of hardship, sacrifice, and compassion.(幽默与pathos的结合：他诙谐的风格，以文字游戏和讽刺为特色，常常掩盖了苦难、牺牲和同情等潜在主题)”可知，pathos与humor相对，对应tears所体现的情感，结合选项推知，pathos指的是一种能唤起怜悯、悲伤或温柔情感的特质。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“It was during this imprisonment that he began writing short stories seriously under the pen name “O. Henry” and submitting them to magazines.(正是在这段监禁期间，他开始以“欧·亨利”为笔名认真撰写短篇小说，并将其提交给杂志)”以及第二段中“He left school at 15, trained as a pharmacist, and later moved to Texas in 1882. There, he held diverse jobs including bank teller and journalist, experiences that later enriched his stories.(他15岁辍学，接受了药剂师培训，后来于1882年搬到得克萨斯州。在那里，他从事过各种各样的工作，包括银行出纳员和记者，这些经历后来丰富了他的故事创作)”和第四段中“His stories vividly captured the lives of ordinary New Yorkers, especially the working class and underprivileged — shop clerks, artists, waitresses, and even petty criminals — portraying their struggles, joys, and resilience with warmth and humor.(他的故事生动地描绘了普通纽约人的生活，尤其是工人阶级和弱势群体——店员、艺术家、女服务员，甚至是小罪犯——用温暖和幽默描绘了他们的挣扎、欢乐和韧性)”可推知，欧·亨利的法律问题和监禁为他提供了一个独特的背景和视角，以及他在得克萨斯州和纽约对普通人的观察塑造了他的人物和背景，即a和c两点最直接地影响了他的写作。故选B。 (C) Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home. The set of three short videos, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family. It appears to have struck a chord (弦) in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin. By Monday evening, it had reportedly received more than 310 million views. The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged. In August the state media Global Times called for the return of Chinese artifacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy. “The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal (丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said. It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s desiring for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.” State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition... We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artifacts that have been displayed overseas.” The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square. 43. What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum? A. It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means. B. These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum. C. It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects. D. These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral. 44. What does the underlined word “repatriation”(Para.3) probably mean? A. Repair. B. Reflection. C. Reserve. D. Return. 45. Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal. B. The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal. C. The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later. D A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series. 46. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects. B. To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot. C. To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad. D. To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition. 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal(丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said.(“这次丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致了长期以来广泛流传的‘外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护’的说法的崩溃，”它说)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由是：它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选B。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据常识和划线词所在句“Chinese people’s yearning for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriation。)”中“Chinese people’s yearning for”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriation与return同义。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。 Section C (2*4=8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. ___47___ Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. ___48___ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. ___49___ Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. ___50___ However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A. It also means better physical health. B. One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C. Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D. These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E. But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F. Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了主观年龄（即人们感觉自己的年龄）及其对个人健康和福祉的影响。文章强调，无论实际年龄如何，我们都可以通过调整主观年龄观来提升生活质量。 【47题详解】 上文提到“Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. (像身高或鞋码一样，自你第一次进入这个世界以来经过的年数是一个不可改变的事实)”，这引出了关于年龄的一个观点，即我们的年龄感受是基于内心的感受。而下文则进一步探讨了科学家们对这个品质的兴趣，以及主观年龄与个性之间的关系。因此，E选项“But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way.(但日常经验表明，人们往往不会以同样的方式经历衰老)”作为过渡句，既承接了上文关于年龄感受的观点，又为下文的讨论奠定了基础，符合题意。故选E。 【48题详解】 下文提到“ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. (现在人们普遍认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会逐渐成熟，变得不那么外向，对新经历的开放程度也会降低)”，这是在描述一个普遍的观点或现象。而B选项“One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality.(研究中最有趣的一个方面探讨了主观年龄如何与我们的个性相互作用)”则直接引出了这个话题，因此B选项作为主题句，既概括了下文的内容，又引领了上文的话题，符合题意。故选B。 【49题详解】 上文提到“Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. (感觉比实际年龄年轻似乎还伴随着较低的抑郁风险和更大的心理健康)”，这是在描述一种积极的影响或结果。而A选项“It also means better physical health.(这也意味着更好的身体健康)”则是对上文积极影响的进一步延伸或补充，it指代前文的“感觉比实际年龄年轻”这个事实。故选A。 【50题详解】 前文提到“Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged—and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status.( 大多数人感觉比他们实际的年龄年轻约八岁。但有些人却感到自己变老了——后果非常严重。感觉比实际年龄大8到13岁的人，在研究期间死亡风险增加了18%至25%，患病负担也更重，即使控制了其他人口学因素（如教育程度、种族或婚姻状况）也是如此。)”，这是在列举了一些研究结果，最后指出这些发现具有重要意义。而D选项“These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time.(这些发现可以让我们更好地了解我们自己的大脑和身体是如何随着时间的推移而衰老的)” 是对整段研究结果的总结性评价，既呼应了前文的研究成果，也引出了其深层意义。故选D。 III. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. Businesses get profits directly by selling carbon credits and indirectly from the enhanced public image. Moreover, farmers profit from improved productivity with organic matters and a more adaptive land. With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world. (50 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科里·汉考克表示，再生自然是有利可图的。企业可以通过出售碳信用额度直接获利，也可以通过提高公众形象间接获利。此外，农民从有机物质和适应性更强的土地的生产力提高中获利。有了更多类似的自然再生实践，我们将拥有一个可持续发展的世界。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. ②According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. ③Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. ④By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. ⑤ If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4、5三个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Corey Hancock says regeneration is naturally profitable. Companies can profit directly by selling carbon credits or indirectly by raising their public profile. In addition, farmers profit from increased productivity from organic matter and more adaptable land. With more natural regeneration practices like this, we will have a sustainable world. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Khory Hancock shows it can be profitable to regenerate nature. (运用了省略连接代词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] With more nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable world.  (运用了with的复合结构) IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 据本·琼森 (Ben Jonson) 所言，莎士比亚不属于一个时代，而属于千秋万代。(According to) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】According to Ben Jonson, Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time! 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句子描述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；“据……所言”用固定短语according to，句首单词首字母大写，后接人名“本·琼森”Ben Jonson，“莎士比亚”表达为Shakespeare，作句子的主语，“某人不属于……而属于……”，用be not of... but...表达，主语为单数，be动词用was，“一个时代”表达为an age，“千秋万代”表达为for all time。故翻译为According to Ben Jonson, Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time! 53. DeepSeek等人工智能助手让海量信息触手可及，一经推出便迅速走红。(popularity) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】AI assistants such as DeepSeek make (massive) amounts of information readily accessible (at our fingertips/ easy to access), gaining in popularity upon their release. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和固定短语以及非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；同时句子结构为主谓宾+宾补；表示“人工智能助手 ”用AI assistants，为句子的主语；表示“如DeepSeek”用such as Deep Seek；表示“使……触手可及”用make sth readily accessible (at one’s fingertips/easy to access)，其中make为句子的谓语，readily accessible为句子的宾补成分；表示“海量信息”用(massive) amounts of information，为句子的宾语。表示“一经推出”用upon their release；表示“迅速走红”用gain in popularity，此处使用现在分词作状语。故翻译为AI assistants such as DeepSeek make (massive) amounts of information readily accessible (at our fingertips/ easy to access), gaining in popularity upon their release. 54. 很多人，尤其喜剧演员和编剧，都认为喜剧的内核是悲剧，这不足为奇。（It）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is (comes as) no surprise that many people, especially comedians and screenwriters (scriptwriters) believe the core of comedy is tragedy. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、主语从句、宾语从句。表示“……不足为奇”用固定句型“It is (comes as) no surprise that...”，其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“很多人，尤其喜剧演员和编剧”用many people, especially comedians and screenwriters (scriptwriters)，作主语从句的主语；表示“认为”用believe，作主语从句的谓语，句子描述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形，主语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that。believe后用宾语从句；宾语从句中：表示“喜剧的内核是悲剧”用the core of comedy is tragedy，句子描述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导，或省略that。故翻译为It is (comes as) no surprise that many people, especially comedians and screenwriters (scriptwriters) believe the core of comedy is tragedy. 55. 简·奥斯汀 (Jane Austen) 的成就使她站在了英国文学的巅峰，她的小说如同 一个窗口，让我们得以看到19世纪英国上层社会的家庭生活。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jane Austen’s achievements make her stand at the peak of English literature, whose novels are like a window through which we can see family life in the British upper class in the 19th century. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、定语从句和非谓语动词。表示“简·奥斯汀的成就”用Jane Austen’s achievements，作句子主语；表示“使某人做某事”用make sb. do sth.，句子描述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形，故表示“使她站在了英国文学的巅峰”用make her stand at the peak of English literature，其中stand为省略to的不定式形式，作宾补；表示“她的小说如同一个窗口”非限制性定语从句，从句中：表示“小说”用名词novels，作主语；定语从句修饰先行词Jane Austen，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰novels，用whose引导；be动词用are；表示“如同 一个窗口”用like a window。表示“让我们得以看到19世纪英国上层社会的家庭生活”用定语从句，定语从句中：用we作主语；谓语用can see；表示“19世纪英国上层社会的家庭生活”用family life in the British upper class in the 19th century，作表语；表示“通过”用介词through；定语从句修饰先行词window，关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词through的宾语，用which引导。故翻译为Jane Austen’s achievements make her stand at the peak of English literature, whose novels are like a window through which we can see family life in the British upper class in the 19th century. V. 附加题 (15%+10%) Cloze (15%) In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, ___56___ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the ___57___ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others. Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into ___58___ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to ___59___. There are many different ways used to ___60___ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, ___61___ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend ___62___ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to ___63___ periodically. Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ___64___ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ____65____ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a ____66____ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of ____67____loneliness. Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the ____68____ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ____69____, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals ____70____creative activities. 56. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence 57. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence 58. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar 59. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with 60. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat 61. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing 62. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group 63. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise 64. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease 65. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping 66 A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent 67. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving 68. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic 69. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise 70. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered by 【答案】56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. D 61. A 62. D 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B 67. C 68. A 69. C 70. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了产生孤独的原因，解决孤独的方法。最后作者还提到，孤独对创意的工作是有某种程度上的积极作用的。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是分手、离婚或失去任何重要的长期关系的常见后果，但通常是暂时的。A. type 类型；B. concern 担心，关心；C. consequence 结果，后果；D. evidence证据。根据上下文，前句提到“孤独”有很多种原因。划线前的it指的就是“孤独”，而后面提及的“分手，离婚或者失去任何重要的长期关系”是会造成一个结果即孤独。故选C项。 【57题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，孤独可能是因为失去一个特定的人，也可能是因为退出社交圈。A. withdrawal 撤退，收回；B. absence 缺席；C. disappearance 消失；D. presence 存在，出席。分析上下文，上文提到了 “失去任何重要的长期关系” 和此处项呼应表示退出社交圈。故选A项。 【58题详解】 考查形容词义辨析。句意：孤独感也可能是任何社会破坏性事件的结果，比如从家乡搬到陌生的社区导致思乡。A. informal 非正式的；B. uncertain 不确定的；C. relevant 相关的；D. unfamiliar 不熟悉的。根据上下文，划线后面提到了 “思乡” ，是因为不熟悉陌生的社区导致的。故选D项。 【59题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：孤独感也可能发生在人口密度较低的地方，那里与之交往的人相对较少。A. turn to 求助于；B. interact with 交流，互动；C. long for 渴望；D. share with与……分享。根据上下文，划线前提到“人口密度低”，所以与人的互动会比较少。故选B项。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有许多不同的方法用来治疗孤独。A. release 释放，开放，发泄；B. observe 观察，遵守，庆祝；C. monitor 监督；D. treat 治疗。根据上下文，从第5空开始，后文再讲述治疗孤独的方法。故选D项。 【61题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在治疗过程中，重点是了解问题的原因，扭转由问题引起的消极思想、感觉和态度，并探索帮助患者感到相互联系的方法。A. reversing 颠倒，完全改变；B. directing 指导；C. measuring 丈量；D. pursuing 追求，追逐。根据上下文，此处的动词和前句的“了解问题”以及后句的“探索方法”构成内在的逻辑。先了解原因，扭转思想，感觉和态度再探索方法。故选A项。 【62题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些医生还建议将团体治疗作为与其他患者联系和建立支持系统的手段。A. long-term 长期的；B. sightseeing 观光的，旅游的；C. patient 耐心的；D. group团体的。分析上下文，根据划线后提到“和其他患者的相互联系和建立支持系统”可知，这是一种“群体治疗方法”。故选D项。 【63题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些病人可能对某种药物产生耐药性，需要定期更换。A. quit 离开，放弃；B. evolve 发展，进化；C. switch 开关，转换；D. exercise 锻炼，练习。分析上下文，划线前提到因“可能对某种药物产生耐药性”，所才需要定期“更换”。故选C项。 【64题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究和调查表明，狗、猫、兔子和豚鼠等动物同伴的存在可以缓解一些患者的孤独感或抑郁情绪。A. confirm 确认，证实；B. protest 抗议；C. enhance 加强；D. ease 减轻。分析上下文，此处讲的是另外一种治疗办法---利用动物的陪伴。下文提到养宠物还有很多其他的健康益处，比如降低血压。所以可知，动物同伴给患者带来了好处，可以缓解患者的孤独感或抑郁情绪。故选D项。 【65题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了动物本身提供的陪伴之外，与其他宠物主人交往的机会也可能增加。A. socializing 社交，交际；B. interfering 妨碍；C. comparing 比较，对照；D. coping 复制，抄写。分析上下文，养动物的人会和其他宠物主人交流，因此会增加与其他宠物主人交往的机会。故选A项。 【66题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。此外，其他一些替代方法可能包括锻炼、节食等，许多患者发现这些方法对缓解症状有恢复作用。A. historic 历史性的，有历史意义的；B. restorative 有助于复原的，恢复健康的；C. decisive 决定性的，果断的；D. permanent 永久的，永恒的。分析上下文可知，此处仍在讲述治疗孤独症的方法。此处的锻炼，节食等都是有助于缓解孤独，恢复健康的。故选B项。 【67题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究结果还表明，纠正不适应的社会认知提供了减少孤独的最佳机会。A. promoting 促进，晋升；B. enhancing 加强；C. reducing 减少；D. striving 努力，奋斗。分析上下文，根据划线前提到“纠正不适应的社会认知”可知，也是治疗孤独的方法，可以减少孤独。故选C项。 【68题详解】 考查形容词义辨析。句意：然而，孤独有时在创作过程中扮演着重要的角色。A. creative 有创意的；B. musical 音乐的；C. artistic 艺术的；D. poetic 诗歌的。分析上下文，根据后文提到了 “creative expression” 和 “creative activities” 可知，第13空A选项和他们相呼应，都在强调创作过程。故选A项。 【69题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着孤独本身就保证了这种创造力，相反，它可能对艺术家题材产生影响，更有可能出现在从事创作活动的个人身上。A. however 然而；B. therefore 因此；C. rather 相反；D. otherwise 否则。分析上下文，划线前提到“孤独本身无法保证创造力”，而后文提到“只是对艺术家的题材产生影响”。此处前后两句表示“对立”。故选C项。 【70题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：更有可能出现在从事创作活动的个人身上。A. restricted to 限制；B. engaged in 从事，忙于；C. concerned about 担心，关心；D. altered by 改变。分析上下文，前句提到孤独对艺术的影响体现在艺术家的题材和个人身上，此处的个人是“从事”创作的人。也是和前文提到的poet和musicians等。故选B项。 Reading (10%) Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁) field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy. Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields. But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate (导航), partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything. Bryan Keller, an ecologist at Florida State University, and his colleagues decided to do just that. They lined a bedroom-size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage. By running an electrical current through the wiring, they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool. The team then collected 20 young bonnethead sharks — a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers — off the Florida coast. They placed the sharks into the pool, one at a time, and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields, applied in random succession. One field mimicked (模仿) Earth’s natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected, while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes. They used software to track the sharks’ responses, observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards. When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured, or ‘home’, they stayed put. But when subjected to the southern magnetic field, the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north, as if trying to get back home. This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them, similar to how humans use GPS. Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller. Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces. 71. Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth’s field? A. Sharks are too hard to follow and observe. B. Sharks are not sensitive to magnetic fields. C. Sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting. D. Sharks are on the list of endangered species. 72. According to Keller, what might be the reason why sharks don’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field? A. They don’t like the climate in the north. B. They’ve never been to the north of their home before. C. They learned to do so when they were young. D. The northern magnetic field was not strong enough. 73. From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A. provides a new method for capturing sharks. B. supports the idea that sharks’ migration patterns are random. C. adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D. suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. 74. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Sharks use Earth’s magnetic field to find their way on seas. B. Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs. C. Shark populations are declining due to habitat change. D. Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home. 【答案】71. C 72. B 73. C 74. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现鲨鱼可以利用地球的磁场导航，这为我们增加了对鲨鱼生物学的理解。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate (导航), partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything.(但没有人能证明鲨鱼利用磁场来找到它们的位置或导航，部分原因是这些动物不太容易研究。如果只是小鱼或小海龟还好，但和鲨鱼一起工作时，你必须放大一切)”可知，研究人员很难证明鲨鱼可以读取地球磁场是因为鲨鱼太大，很难在实验室环境中研究。故选C。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller.(令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现，当鲨鱼在北部海域下游泳时，它们不喜欢任何方向。Keller说，这可能是因为它们不会去它们家园的北部，因为那里只有陆地，所以它们很少需要再找到返回南方的路。他说：‘可以支持这样一种理论，即它们回家的能力是一种习得的行为。’他们可能不知道在北方田野做什么，因为‘他们从来没有去过那里。’凯勒说。)”可知，根据凯勒的说法，鲨鱼在北磁场下游泳时没有任何方向偏好可能是因为它们从未去过家以北的地方。故选B。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology.(凯勒的研究为尚不完整的鲨鱼生物学之谜增添了重要的一环)”可推知，凯勒的研究重要是因为Keller的研究为我们理解鲨鱼生物学增添了至关重要的信息。故选C。 【74题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy.(一项新的研究表明，一些鲨鱼可以像地图一样读懂地球的磁场，并准确地用它来长距离旅行)”以及后文中对研究过程和发现的详细描述可知，文章主要讲述了研究发现鲨鱼利用地球磁场在海洋中寻路。故选A。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 格致中学二零二四学年度第二学期期末考试 高二年级英语试卷(共13页) (测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题纸) 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获! 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利! I. Grammar and Vocabulary: Sections A (10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____1____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____2____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____3____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____4____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____5____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____6____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____7____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____8____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____9____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____10____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following paragraphs by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. soil B. practices C. underscored D. order E. themed F. staged G. anticipating H. immersive I. boasts J. solidifying K. context Shanghai Unveils Pharaohs’ Glory The Shanghai Museum transformed into a gateway to the Nile Valley today as the monumental exhibition, “Top of the Pyramid: Ancient Egyptian Civilization”, officially opened its doors. Praised as the largest and most significant display of Egyptian antiquities ever ____11____ in China, the exhibition promises an unprecedented journey through 4,000 years of Pharaonic splendor, diplomacy, and enduring mystery. The grand opening ceremony resonated with a sense of historic occasion. Dignitaries including high-level representatives from Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Chinese cultural leaders, ____12____ the exhibition’s role as a peak of Sino-Egyptian cultural exchange. The presence of artifacts, many leaving Egyptian ____13____ for the first time, granted the event profound significance. The exhibition ____14____ a stunning 788 carefully selected artifacts sourced directly from seven premier Egyptian institutions. This collection transcends the typical; it features national treasures of the highest ___15___. These masterpieces of ancient artistry, rarely seen outside Egypt offer an intimate glimpse into royal burial ____16____ and beliefs in the afterlife. “This exhibition represents far more than a display of antiquities.” stated Dr. Ahmed El-Damaty, a senior advisor from the Egyptian delegation, during the opening. “It is a profound dialogue between two of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations.” The exhibition is widely seen as a major soft power initiative, strengthening cultural ties between Egypt and China, particularly within the ____17____ of the Belt and Road framework. Anticipation in Shanghai has been building for months. “Egyptomania” is tangible, with ____18____ events, lectures, and merchandise appearing across the city. The Shanghai Museum has prepared extensively, creating ____19____ environments with dramatic lighting, contextual projections, and replicas of tomb interiors to enhance the visitor experience while ensuring state-of-the-art security and climate control for the priceless artifacts. “Top of the Pyramid” is not just an exhibition; it’s a monumental cultural event, placing the pinnacle of ancient Egyptian achievement firmly within reach of the Chinese public and ____20____ Shanghai’s status as a global hub for world-class cultural exchange. II. Reading Comprehension (37%) Section A Cloze (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Taylor works full-time in the cleaning department while co-parenting his 10-year-old son. Ada, a cancer survivor, was enduring the miserable treatment. Mohammad was kicked out of prep school, then ____21____ for 100 days from high school for selling chocolate to his classmates. Emanuel was ____22____ a three-year sentence for armed robbery. These are not the profiles of students who get admitted to a classic university-run honors college. ____23____, they are enrolled at the Honors Living-Learning Community of Rutgers University-Newark, an institution where they and others with similarly ____24____ life stories are pushing the boundaries of what defines an honors college by emphasizing courage in overcoming life’s difficulties, rather than ____25____. Across the United States, the continuous drive for reputation has generated the ____26____ in the number of honors colleges. Nearly 900 schools, almost all being public universities and community colleges belong to the National Collegiate Honors Council. Among them, it is usually a brilliant idea for an institution to ____27____ applicants whose top-of-the-class high-school records and SAT scores would assure a renowned private university. The bait (诱饵) is the honors college, which promises the intimate feel of a small college within a(n) ____28____ state school. The students in these honors colleges, mostly white and middle-class, receive concierge treatment (礼宾待遇) with considerable scholarships, separate housing, special seminars, faculty mentors, research opportunities and first crack at courses in high demand. However, things are ____29____ at the Honors Living-Learning Community, which mainly enrolls black and Latino students–nearly twice as many as the total of black and Latino undergraduates in the rest of Rutgers-Newark’s programs. Their high-school grades and SAT scores are lower than the campus average. While academic skill ____30____ in determining who gets selected, the emphasis is on these students’ perseverance, their drive to learn and their passion for social justice. Every ____31____ of the honors program comes straight from the book on how to engage undergraduates ____32____, and minority students in particular. The students receive scholarships that cover their living expenses well as tuition. Without this _____33_____, most couldn’t enroll full-time, and evidence shows that part-time students are far less likely to graduate. A ____34____ number of community college graduates are admitted, which gives 18-year-olds, fresh out of high school, an opportunity to learn from peers with more life ____35____. 21. A. graduated B. abandoned C. prohibited D. suspended 22. A. reading B. serving C. passing D. escaping 23. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Instead D. Similarly 24. A. faulty B. smooth C. meaningful D. interesting 25. A. social experience B. family backgrounds C. academic performance D. human relationships 26. A. pursuit B. explosion C. exploit D. progress 27. A. tempt B. enroll C. introduce D. cultivate 28. A. remote B. public C. packed D. outstanding 29. A. difficult B. different C. discouraging D. disturbing 30. A. differs B. ranges C. matters D. varies 31. A. student B. major C. component D. college 32. A. especially B. intensively C. generally D. particularly 33. A. passion B. aim C. aid D. initiative 34. A. stable B. certain C. random D. growing 35. A. expectancy B. tragedy C. experience D. passion Section B (2*11=22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, of course, but in today’s world, we also consume to entertain and amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also services, experiences, information, and cultural products. Consumption today is a central organizing principle of social life. Sociologists recognize that many aspects of our daily lives are structured by consumption. In fact, Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman wrote in the book Consuming Life that Western societies are no longer organized around the act of production, but instead, around consumption. This transition began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which most production jobs were moved overseas, and our economy shifted to retail and the provision of services and information. As a consequence, most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, oil, water, paper, and a host of consumer electronics and digital goods; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restaurant; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book. Who can break free from it? Consumption has taken on great importance in the relationships we develop with others. We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether that be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, or meeting friends for a shopping excursion at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving. Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In Subculture: The Meaning of Style, sociologist Dick Hebdige observed that identity is often expressed through fashion choices. This happens because we choose consumer goods that we feel say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are. So, from the sociological perspective, there’s much more to consumption than meets the eye. In fact, there’s so much to study about consumption that there’s a whole subfield dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption. 36. What was the change in the United States in the mid-twentieth century? A. A shift to local production. B. A growth of overseas consumption. C. A focus on retail and services. D. A decline in the value of consumption. 37. The author presents a person’s daily life in paragraph 3 in order to ________. A. encourage people to spend more time working than consuming. B. show the variety of consumer products available on the market. C. suggest that producing goods is no longer part of modern life. D. highlight the constant presence of consumption in people’s life. 38. What can be inferred about consumption in paragraph 4 and 5? A. It discourages gift-giving. B. It conveys individuality. C. It defines culture. D. It sets the fashion trends. 39. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The divided opinions on consumption. B. The effects of consumerism on people’s life. C. The philosophy of consumption in social life. D. The balance between consumption and production. (B) O. Henry—Master of the Short Story O. Henry, born William Sydney Porter on September 11,1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA, is celebrated as one of the founding figures of the modern American short story. He died on June 5,1910, at the age of 47. Porter’s life was as eventful as his fiction. After his mother’s early death, he was raised by relatives. He left school at 15, trained as a pharmacist, and later moved to Texas in 1882. There, he held diverse jobs including bank teller and journalist, experiences that later enriched his stories. In 1887, he married Athol Estes, with whom he had a daughter. His life took a dramatic turn in 1894 when the bank he worked for discovered financial discrepancies. Accused of embezzlement in 1896, he fled to Honduras but returned when his wife became seriously ill. Convicted in 1898, he served three years of a five-year sentence at the Ohio State Penitentiary. It was during this imprisonment that he began writing short stories seriously under the pen name “O. Henry” and submitting them to magazines. Following his early release for good behavior in 1901, he moved to New York City. This period marked his creative peak. Writing at an astonishing pace (often one story per week), he became immensely popular, publishing primarily in newspapers like the New York World. His stories vividly captured the lives of ordinary New Yorkers, especially the working class and underprivileged — shop clerks, artists, waitresses, and even petty criminals — portraying their struggles, joys, and resilience with warmth and humor. Despite his literary success and income, O. Henry struggled with financial management and alcoholism. His health deteriorated, leading to his death from cirrhosis of the liver and other complications on June 5, 1910. Literary Legacy: O Henry’s fame rests primarily on his unique narrative technique and subject matter: The “O. Henry Twist”: This is his most famous contribution. His stories are renowned for their surprise endings — sudden, unexpected plot twists that are both startling and logically consistent with the preceding story, often delivering a powerful emotional punch or ironic revelation. Focus on the “Little People”: His work centered on the everyday lives, dreams, and misfortunes of common city dwellers, particularly in New York (which he called “Baghdad-on-the-Subway”), the American West, and Latin America. He infused these tales with deep humanity, humor, and gentle social commentary. Blend of Humor and Pathos: His witty style, featuring wordplay and satire, often masked underlying themes of hardship, sacrifice, and compassion. Stories like The Gift of the Magi (a poignant tale of sacrificial love between a poor couple) and The Last Leaf (a story of artistic sacrifice and hope) exemplify his ability to mingle laughter with tears. Impact: O. Henry is globally recognized as one of the “Three Masters of the Short Story,” alongside Guy de Maupassant (France) and Anton Chekhov (Russia). His “O. Henry Twist” has influenced countless writers. The prestigious O. Henry Award continues to honor excellence in short story writing, and his works remain widely read and adapted globally. 40. What can be inferred about the period O. Henry lived in New York City? A. It was a time of great personal happiness and stability for him. B. His popularity declined despite his high productivity. C. He focused exclusively on writing about wealthy socialites. D. He achieved his greatest literary success and output, though personal problems persisted. 41. In the context of his writing style “Blend of Humor and Pathos”, the word “pathos” refers to: A. fast-paced action and adventure. B. a quality that evokes feelings of pity, sadness, or tenderness. C. complex historical background. D. scientific accuracy and detail. 42. The passage suggests that O. Henry’s personal experiences most directly influenced his writing in which TWO ways? a) His legal troubles and imprisonment provided a unique setting and perspective. b) His academic background in literature gave him classical techniques. c) His observations of ordinary people in Texas and New York shaped his characters and settings. d) His extensive travels throughout Europe broadened his cultural themes. e) His work as a journalist trained him solely in writing factual reports. A. a+b B. a+c C. c+e D. d+e (C) Chinese Teapot Escaping from British Museum Goes Viral Chinese state media has praised a viral video series telling the story of a jade teapot coming to life and fleeing the British Museum to make its way back home. The set of three short videos, entitled Escape from the British Museum, shows the teapot turning into a young woman in a green dress, who then engages a London-based Chinese journalist to help her reunite with her family. It appears to have struck a chord (弦) in China after first being released by independent vloggers on Douyin. By Monday evening, it had reportedly received more than 310 million views. The plot line taps into growing Chinese criticism of the British Museum after reports last month that more than 1,500 priceless objects, including gold jewelry, semi-precious stones and glass, were missing, stolen or damaged. In August the state media Global Times called for the return of Chinese artifacts from the museum “free of charge” in the wake of the controversy. “The huge holes in the management and security of cultural objects in the British Museum exposed by this scandal (丑闻) have led to the collapse of a long-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘foreign cultural objects are better protected in the British Museum’,” it said. It strongly supported the video series for touching on a “powerful message” about the importance of cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese people’s desiring for the repatriation of the Chinese cultural relics.” State broadcaster CCTV also gave the short films a glowing review saying: “We are very pleased to see Chinese young people are passionate about history and tradition... We are also looking forward to the early return of Chinese artifacts that have been displayed overseas.” The museum scandal made headlines around the world and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media to restore the country’s relics. The new three-part show has triggered a wave of nationalism among viewers, with many praising the creative plot that reduced them to tears by showing how the teapot experienced the happiness of returning to China to see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremony on Tiananmen Square. 43. What excuse does Britain give for keeping other nations’ cultural objects in its museum? A. It has taken possession of these objects by all lawful means. B. These objects are safer and taken better care of in its museum. C. It is requested by other nations to protect their cultural objects. D. These objects may come to life, flee their countries and go viral. 44. What does the underlined word “repatriation”(Para.3) probably mean? A. Repair. B. Reflection. C. Reserve. D. Return. 45. Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. China had already demanded the restoration of its cultural relics before the scandal. B. The museum’s awful management and security systems are involved in the scandal. C. The Britain Museum is under pressure to return the cultural relics to China sooner or later. D. A London-based Chinese journalist has contributed a lot to the viral three-part video series. 46. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To appeal to Britain to return China’s cultural objects. B. To introduce a viral video series about a fleeing jade teapot. C. To arouse readers’ concern about Chinese cultural objects abroad. D. To praise Chinese young people’s passion for history and tradition. Section C (2*4=8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. ___47___ Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. ___48___ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. ___49___ Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. ___50___ However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A. It also means better physical health. B. One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C. Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D. These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E. But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F. Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. III. Summary Writing (10%) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable? In the world of environmental conservation, many people think nature regeneration projects are mainly about charity, not profit. This idea has wrapped around our common awareness, casting such efforts as noble but financially unreliable pursuits. However, is this assumption accurate? With a mix of passion, strategy and innovation, Khory Hancock, an environmental scientist and businessman, is demonstrating that nature regeneration can indeed be profitable. According to Hancock, one way to make money is through carbon credits. These credits are like tickets that organizations can buy or sell. When they invest in restoring ecosystems, they earn credits that can be traded for money. This gives conservation a real purpose to help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beyond direct financial returns, it also helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a world where information travels rapidly and opinions are formed swiftly, having a good public image is without doubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, from building trust and credibility to attracting opportunities and encouraging better relationships, all helping businesses make profits in the long run. Hancock adds that the fields of profitability do not end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the power of carbon stored as soil organic matter, which has a great effect on almost all soil properties - making the soil more productive. Hancock has also proved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destruction of soil and improves soil structure, making the land more adaptable to weather extremes, such as floods and droughts, and consequently increases productivity. Such projects reveal the hidden values that lie within environmental restoration. If more investors increase the scale of these projects, bring financial benefits to both businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit from a sustainable world. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 据本·琼森 (Ben Jonson) 所言，莎士比亚不属于一个时代，而属于千秋万代。(According to) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. DeepSeek等人工智能助手让海量信息触手可及，一经推出便迅速走红。(popularity) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 很多人，尤其喜剧演员和编剧，都认为喜剧的内核是悲剧，这不足为奇。（It）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 简·奥斯汀 (Jane Austen) 的成就使她站在了英国文学的巅峰，她的小说如同 一个窗口，让我们得以看到19世纪英国上层社会的家庭生活。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. 附加题 (15%+10%) Cloze (15%) In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, ___56___ of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important long-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the ___57___ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others. Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into ___58___ communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to ___59___. There are many different ways used to ___60___ loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, ___61___ the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend ___62___ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to ___63___ periodically. Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can ___64___ feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for ____65____ with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a ____66____ effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of ____67____loneliness. Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the ____68____ process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, ____69____, it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals ____70____creative activities. 56. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence 57. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence 58. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar 59. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with 60. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat 61. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing 62. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group 63. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise 64. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease 65 A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping 66. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent 67. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving 68. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic 69. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise 70. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered by Reading (10%) Most taxi drivers need a smartphone to get to their destinations. But sharks, it seems, need nothing more than their own bodies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field. A new study suggests some sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it to travel long distances with accuracy. Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that some fish can detect magnetic fields. But no one had shown that sharks use the fields to find their location or navigate (导航), partly because the animals aren’t so easy to work with. It’s one thing if you have a small fish, or a baby sea turtle, but when you work with sharks, you have to upscale everything. Bryan Keller, an ecologist at Florida State University, and his colleagues decided to do just that. They lined a bedroom-size cage with wire and placed a small swimming pool in the center of the cage. By running an electrical current through the wiring, they could generate a custom magnetic field in the center of the pool. The team then collected 20 young bonnethead sharks — a species known to migrate hundreds of kilometers — off the Florida coast. They placed the sharks into the pool, one at a time, and let them swim freely under three different magnetic fields, applied in random succession. One field mimicked (模仿) Earth’s natural field at the spot where the sharks were collected, while the others mimicked the fields at locations 600 kilometers north and 600 kilometers south of their homes. They used software to track the sharks’ responses, observing which direction in the tank they were trying to swim towards. When the young sharks were exposed to the magnetic field of the place they were captured, or ‘home’, they stayed put. But when subjected to the southern magnetic field, the sharks persistently changed their headings to swim north, as if trying to get back home. This suggests that the sharks were using the magnetic field to guide them, similar to how humans use GPS. Surprisingly, the researchers found that the sharks didn’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern field. Keller says this might be because they don’t go north of their home location since there is only land there, and so they rarely have to find their way back south again. “This could support the theory that their ability to go back home is a learned behavior,” he says. They might not know what to do in the northern field because “they’ve never been up there.” says Keller. Keller’s research adds a significant piece to the still-incomplete puzzle of shark biology. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due to mostly overfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migration patterns of sharks can help us understand what areas to protect when managing marine spaces. 71. Why is it difficult for researchers to prove that sharks can read Earth’s field? A. Sharks are too hard to follow and observe. B. Sharks are not sensitive to magnetic fields. C. Sharks are difficult to study in a laboratory setting. D. Sharks are on the list of endangered species. 72. According to Keller, what might be the reason why sharks don’t favor any direction when swimming under the northern magnetic field? A. They don’t like the climate in the north. B. They’ve never been to the north of their home before. C. They learned to do so when they were young. D. The northern magnetic field was not strong enough. 73. From the passage, we can infer that Keller’s research is significant because it ________. A. provides a new method for capturing sharks. B. supports the idea that sharks’ migration patterns are random. C. adds crucial information to our understanding of shark biology. D. suggests that sharks should be protected from overfishing. 74. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Sharks use Earth’s magnetic field to find their way on seas. B. Researchers discovered a new way to study sharks in labs. C. Shark populations are declining due to habitat change. D. Sharks have a learned behavior of returning to their home. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $