4选择性必修第三册 作业(四) UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE-2025年高二英语暑假作业（人教版）

作业(四)　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE [能力提升] Ⅰ.1.to reduce　2.Unfortunately　settlers　3.qualified　4.commitment　5.sank/sunk　6.about　to join　7.like　in　8.guidance　9.It　which　10.about Ⅱ.1.make fire　2.ahead of　3.cheer up　4.pay back　5.sign up for Ⅲ.1.who was assigned to travel to the western regions twice 2.No matter how miserable the weather was 3.assignment 4.not only did he introduce silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world 5.What inspires me most is his perseverance and resolution to complete his expeditions [知能演练] Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mia开车时因操作失误不慎连人带车落入湖中，幸得乐于助人、勇敢善良的Anthony相救而脱离危险的故事。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mia had just gotten into her car and was about to drive away, but she hit the gas instead of the brakes. (Mia刚上车，正要开车离开，但她没有踩刹车，而是踩了油门。)”可知，Mia踩的是油门，而不是刹车，也就是说是她的操作失误导致了这起事故。故选B。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As the seconds ticked by, the teenage hero realized he could use his own body weight to push down the heavy front end of the car, making the back end stick out of the water. Mia climbed into the back and managed to escape through the rear hatch (后备箱盖). She and Anthony swam to shore together. (随着时间的流逝，这位十几岁的英雄意识到他可以用自己的体重推下汽车沉重的前端，使后端伸出水面。Mia爬到后面，设法从后门逃生。她和安东尼一起游到岸边。)”可知，Anthony用自己的体重把Mia那辆出事汽车沉重的前端压下去，从而让车的后端露出水面，然后Mia爬到车的后端，并从后备箱盖逃了出来。因此，安东尼让车的后部浮在水面之外帮助Mia逃离汽车。故选C。 3.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“People rushed to look in the water, but only one person jumped in after Mia, and it was Anthony. (人们争先恐后地往水里看，但只有一个人在Mia之后跳了进去，那就是Anthony。)”和最后一段中的“‘It doesn't matter who it was, he or she was suffering，’ he said, ‘I couldn't watch anybody suffering in front of me.’(‘不管是谁，他或她都在受苦，’他说，‘我看不得任何人在我面前受苦。’)”可知，Anthony既勇敢又乐于助人。故选D。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Like so many heroes, Anthony did not set out to save a life that night. But he was in the right place, at the right time. ‘It doesn't matter who it was, he or she was suffering，’ he said, ‘I couldn't watch anybody suffering in front of me.’(像许多英雄一样，Anthony那天晚上并没有出发去拯救一条生命。但他只是在正确的时间出现在了正确的地点。‘不管是谁，他或她都在受苦，’他说，‘我看不得任何人在我面前受苦。’)”可知，Anthony成为英雄绝非偶然，而是Anthony不忍他人受苦、心地善良的必然结果。因此，最后一段主要传达的信息是英雄从来都不是偶然的。故选A。 Ⅱ. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竹子在我们日常生活中的巨大作用。 1.was used　考查动词时态和语态。句意：早在商代，竹子就被用于食物、衣服、住房、交通、乐器甚至武器。根据时间状语As early as the Shang Dynasty可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且bamboo 与use“使用”为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was used。 2.application　考查名词。句意：竹子在科技上的应用令人激动。分析句子可知此处缺主语，因此应用名词application“应用”。故填application。 3.led　考查动词时态。句意：公元前251年，四川的李冰带领当地人民建造了都江堰，这是世界上第一个灌溉网络，竹子在其中发挥了一个重要的作用。根据句子的时间状语In 251 BC可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式led“带领”。故填led。 4.an　考查冠词。句意：公元前251年，四川的李冰带领当地人民建造了都江堰，这是世界上第一个灌溉网络，竹子在其中发挥了一个重要的作用。play a...role“起……的作用”，且important以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 5.successfully　考查副词。句意：汉代时，四川人用粗竹绳成功地挖了一口深达1600米的井。此处应用副词successfully“成功地”，修饰谓语动词sank。故填successfully。 6.until　考查连词。句意：这项技术直到19世纪才传到欧洲，正是利用这项技术，美国人于1859年在宾夕法尼亚州钻出了第一口油井。根据句意可知此处应填until, not...until...意为“直到……才……”。故填until。 7.that　考查强调句。句意：这项技术直到19世纪才传到欧洲，正是利用这项技术，美国人于1859年在宾夕法尼亚州钻出了第一口油井。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句，“it be＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”，强调句子的方式状语by using the technology。故填that。 8.as　考查固定短语。句意：在中国文化中，竹子被誉为植物中的“四君子”之一。be well­known as“众所周知”，为固定短语。故填as。 9.related　考查形容词。句意：对于许多杰出的人来说，竹子总是与积极向上的人密切相关，是善良和诚实的象征。be related to意为“与……有关系”，为固定短语。故填related。 10.facing　考查非谓语动词。句意：竹子文化有助于鼓励人们在遇到困难时坚持下去。when 10._________ (face) tough situations在句中作时间状语，face“面对”与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词短语作状语。故填facing。 B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。神舟十六号航天员在完成为期五个月的空间站任务后，安全返回地球。 1.consisting　考查非谓语动词。句意：在完成为期五个月的空间站任务后，由三名中国航天员组成的神舟16号机组人员于周二安全返回地球。非谓语动词作定语，consist与被修饰名词是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词consisting。故填consisting。 2.touched　考查动词时态。句意：据中国载人航天工程办工室(CMSA)称，神舟16号的返回舱载着航天员景海鹏、朱杨柱和桂海潮，于北京时间上午8点11分在中国北部内蒙古自治区的东风着陆场着陆，机组人员于上午9点10分全部离开返回舱。touch down降落，着陆。该动作发生在过去某个时间，所以用一般过去时。故填touched。 3.in　考查介词。句意：中国载人航天工程办公室表示，神舟16号航天员身体健康，神舟16号载人飞行任务证明是成功的，同时也标志着中国目前可用的三种航天员，即航天器飞行员、航天工程师和有效载荷专家，已经完成了飞行评估和实际测试。in good health健康状况良好。故填in。 4.their　考查代词。句意同上。空后为名词词组flight assessments，所以此处需要形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5.a　考查冠词。句意：中国载人航天工程办公室补充说，这次任务为载人航天计划的后续发展和建设以及大规模的空间科学实验奠定了良好的基础。lay a good foundation，意为“为……奠定良好的基础”，所以此处填不定冠词a。故填a。 6.to complete　考查非谓语动词。句意：“这一刻我非常激动，因为我们终于回家了，回到了我们的祖国，”景说，他是任务指挥官，也是第一位完成四次太空任务的中国航天员，总共200多天。the first Chinese astronaut to complete four space missions，意为“第一个完成四次太空任务的中国航天员”。Chinese astronaut前有序数词the first修饰，不定式to complete four space missions作后置定语。故填to complete。 7.efficiently　考查副词。句意：在我们的任务中，机组人员过着幸福的生活，工作效率很高。副词efficiently修饰动词work。故填efficiently。 8.sitting　考查状语从句省略。句意：“在我们的任务中，机组人员过着幸福的生活，工作效率很高。所有的操作都没有出现任何错误，”景坐在太空舱前的椅子上说。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。while后省略了“he was”，主语he与sit之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填sitting。 9.application　考查名词。句意：这是中国空间站应用和发展阶段的第一次载人任务。由名词development可知，此处需要名词与之并列。the application and development stage，意为“应用和发展阶段”。故填application。 10.and　考查连词。句意：航天员们在轨道上停留了154天，共进行了70项太空实验，进行了太空行走，并在空间站发表了演讲。“carried out”“performed”“delivered”是三个并列的谓语动词，因此此处填连词and。故填and。 [续写提能] 语段写作 第一步 1.waving his arms 2.She stood there with her arms crossed/folded 3.He held out/opened his arms 4.trying to keep him at arm's length 5.reached out to catch/grab her left arm 6.He took her arm 7.They walked home arm in arm. 第二步 He ran to the door, waving his arms. However, she stood there with her arms crossed/folded, looking very angry. He held out/opened his arms, smiling. But she turned around, trying to keep him at arm's length. As a consequence, he had to approach her and reached out to catch/grab her left arm. He took her arm, whispering an apology, “I'm sorry.” Finally, they walked home arm in arm. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 作业(四)　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Ⅰ.标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □adversity □wage □bitter □expedition □endurance vigour □qualified □enthusiastic □aboard □cupboard □assign □steward □envy □crush □sink □abandon □stove □blanket □belongings □miserable □voyage navy □decent □cosy □selfish genuine □perseverance □resolve □resolution crew □cruel thorough □furniture □unfortunately □bat □damp □recreation □guidance □nephew □advertise □corporate rough □navigator □loyal □motor □candidate □episode □commitment □motive Ⅱ.典题展示 (2024·陕西榆林高二期中)假定你是李华，你校正在组织英语演讲比赛。请以“我最敬佩的一位名人”为主题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介； 2.敬佩的原因。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [佳作品读] The person I admire most is Hua Tuo，a famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty(同位语). When he was young, he traveled around to study medicine. His medical skills are comprehensive, especially good at surgery. He was the first to use general anesthesia for surgical operations(动词不定式作定语) and was honored as the “ancestor of surgery” by later generations. I admire Hua Tuo because he treated many people throughout his life. He was a milestone in Chinese medical field and played an important role in promoting the development of Chinese medicine. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.We have resolved ________(reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 2. ________ (unfortunate), it took the explorers and the ________ (settle) who followed only a few decades to decimate (毁掉) a large part of these resources. 3.Come and work out with our ________ (qualify) personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate. 4.Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.But such ________(commit) can also weaken a sense of freedom. 5.My heart ________(sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure. 6.If you are enthusiastic ________ English and have a sharp mind, don't hesitate ________(join) the debate team.(应用文之通知) 7.Although my kindergarten experience feels ________ a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick ________ my mind forever. 8.The second group did high­intensity aerobic exercise under the ________(guide)of a trainer for four or more days a week. 9.________ happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for ________ I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records. 10.If you are enthusiastic ________ something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way that you behave and talk. Ⅱ.短语填空 ahead of; make fire; sign up for; cheer up; pay back 1.He had to learn how to ________________ to live through the cold night. 2.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ________________ the train could guide it like a co­pilot. 3.She tried to ____________ the disappointed child when he failed to win the prize. 4.Can you lend me 10 dollars? I will ________________ the money to you on Friday. 5.In order to be more competitive, Peter decided to ________________ a computer class. Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成下面短文 When it comes to the Silk Road，Zhang Qian，one of the most influential explorers of the Silk Road，will come to my mind. Zhang Qian was a great explorer during the Han Dynasty 1.____________________________(被派去西域两次).2.____________________________________(不管天气多坏)，he never abandoned his 3.________________(assign).He made great contributions to opening the east­west route connecting China's Han with the western regions.Furthermore，(he not only introduced silk and other products to the west but he also brought back many new products and knowledge of technologies of the outside world) 4.________________________________________(用倒装句升级加黑体部分). 5.________________________________________________(最激励我的是他完成探险的毅力和决心). Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2024·山东菏泽高二期中)Mia Samolinski attended the same school as Anthony Zhongor, an 18­year­old freshman, but the two had never met. That night, their paths crossed in the most remarkable way. Mia had just gotten into her car and was about to drive away, but she hit the gas instead of the brakes. Security footage (录像) shows the car rushing over a sidewalk, hitting a trash can, and then plunging (突然前冲) into the dark, cold water of the bay in just a few short seconds. People rushed to look in the water, but only one person jumped in after Mia, and it was Anthony. “She went pretty deep in there，” the teenager recalled. “She was striking the door and the window, trying to break the window, of course, and that got me nervous and scared for her, so I just took my clothes off and went into the water.” Mia's car began to sink rapidly, but she couldn't get the doors or windows open. Anthony tried to get the doors open from the outside, but couldn't quite manage it. As the seconds ticked by, the teenage hero realized he could use his own body weight to push down the heavy front end of the car, making the back end stick out of the water. Mia climbed into the back and managed to escape through the rear hatch (后备箱盖). She and Anthony swam to the shore together. As soon as they were safe, tearful Mia thanked Anthony sincerely for saving her. Like so many heroes, Anthony did not set out to save a life that night. But he was in the right place, at the right time. “It doesn't matter who it was, he or she was suffering，” he said, “I couldn't watch anybody suffering in front of me.” 1.What led Mia into the accident? A.The brake's failing. B.Her wrong operation. C.Her awkward driving skill. D.The complex traffic situation. 2.How did Anthony help Mia escape from the car? A.He opened the back door. B.He broke one of the windows. C.He kept the back of the car out of the water. D.He managed to push the car to the shallow end. 3.Which of the following best describes Anthony? A.Creative and gifted. B.Lucky and friendly. C.Generous and careful. D.Brave and helpful. 4.What message does the last paragraph mainly convey? A.Heroes are never accidental. B.Heroes come from teenagers. C.Heroes are not born but made. D.Behind every hero hides a tragedy. Ⅱ.语法填空 A (2024·湖南邵阳高二期末)In China, the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back to as far as 7，000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty, bamboo 1.________ (use) for food, clothing housing, transportation, musical instruments and even weapons. The 2.________ (apply) of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, 3.________(lead) the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigation network in the world, in which bamboo played 4.________ important role. The world's oldest water pipe was also made of bamboo. During the Han Dynasty, the people in Sichuan 5.________(successful) sank a 1600­metre­deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe 6.________ the 19th century, and it was by using the technology 7.________ the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859. In Chinese culture, bamboo is well­known 8.________ one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men, bamboo, always closely 9.________ (relate) to people of positive spirits, is a symbol of goodness and honesty. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when 10.________ (face) tough situations. B The Shenzhou­16 crew 1.________ (consist) of three Chinese astronauts returned to Earth safely on Tuesday, after completing a five­month space station mission. Shenzhou­16's return capsule, carrying astronauts Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haichao，2.________ (touch) down at the Dongfeng landing site in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 8：11 a.m.(Beijing Time), and the crew had all left the return capsule by 9：10 a.m., according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA). The Shenzhou­16 astronauts are 3.________ good health and the Shenzhou­16 manned mission proved a success, while also marking that all three kinds of astronauts currently available in China, namely spacecraft pilot, spaceflight engineer and payload (有效载荷) expert, had completed 4.________ (they) flight assessments and practical tests, the CMSA said. This mission has laid 5.________ good foundation for the subsequent development and construction of the crewed spaceflight program and large­scale apace science experiments, the CMSA added. “I am very excited at this moment as we have finally come back home and returned to our motherland，” said Jing, the mission commander and the first Chinese astronaut 6.________ (complete) four space missions, which amounted to over 200 days.“During our mission, the crew lived a happy life and worked 7.________ (efficient).All operations were carried out without any mistakes，” said Jing while 8.________ (sit) on a chair in front of the capsule. China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhou­16 on May 30, 2023.It was the first crewed mission of the 9.________ (apply) and development stage of China's space station.Its crew, who remained in orbit for 154 days, carried out a total of 70 space experiments, performed a space walk，10._________ delivered a lecture from the space station. 动作描写之“手臂” ★素材积累 短 语 ①wave one's arms 挥动双臂 ②fold one's arms 某人双臂交叉 ③take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊 ④catch/grab one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊 ⑤hold out/open one's arms某人伸出/张开双臂 ⑥keep sb at arm's length同某人保持一定距离 ⑦with crossed arms 双臂交叉 ★语段写作 第一步　完成或翻译句子 1.他挥动着双臂朝门跑去。 He ran to the door, ________________.(动词­ing短语作状语) 2.她站在那里，双臂交叉，看上去很生气。 ______________________________________， looking very angry.(with 复合结构) 3.他微笑着伸出/张开双臂。 __________________________________________________________________, smiling.(简单句) 4.她转过身，努力和他保持一定的距离。 She turned around, ________________________________________.(动词­ing短语作状语) 5.他只得走近她，伸出一只手抓住她的左胳膊。 He had to approach her and ________________________________.(动作描写) 6.他挽住她的胳膊，低声道歉说：“对不起。” ________________， whispering an apology，“I'm sorry.”(简单句) 7.他们臂挽着臂走回家。 ________________________________________________________________________(简单句) 第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$