精品解析：上海市控江中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

控江中学2024学年第二学期高一年级期末英语试卷 2025.6 （满分150分 考试时间：120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 7:30. B. 7:40. C. 7:50. D. 8:00. 2. A. $20. B. $37. C. $5. D. $2. 3. A. At a department store. B. In a history lesson. C. In a museum. D. In a clothes shop. 4. A. To the dentist’s. B. To the market. C. To the post office. D. To the bookstore. 5. A. To find out more about the topic for the seminar. B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. C. To get the seminar schedule for the woman. D. To pick up the woman from the library. 6. A. The man should consider his privacy first. B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment. C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place. D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 7. A. The man regrets being absent-minded. B. The woman saved the man some trouble. C. The man placed the reading list on a desk. D. The woman emptied the waste paper basket. 8. A. The speakers want to rent the Smiths’ old house. B. The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths. C. The woman is not sure if she is on the right street. D. The Smiths’ new house is not far from their old one. 9. A. They went camping this time last year. B. They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic. C They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions. D. They weren’t experienced in organizing picnics. 10. A. A computer game. B. An imaginary situation. C. An exciting experience. D. A vacation by the sea. Section B (15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists. B. Some features of Japanese culture. C. The art of Japanese brush painting. D. The uniqueness of Japanese art. 12. A. To calm themselves down. B. To enhance concentration. C. To show their impatience. D. To signal lack of interest. 13. A. How listeners in different cultures show respect. B. How speakers can win approval from the audience. C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience. D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They help us see the important values of culture. B. They guide us in handling human relationship. C. They help us express ourselves more effectively. D. They are a rich source of human knowledge. 15. A. Their wording may become different. B. The values they reflect may change. C. Their origins can no longer be traced. D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally. 16. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of listeners. B. Some proverbs are becoming more and more important. C. Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones. D. Certain values have always been central to a culture. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following dialogue. 17. A. A notice by the electricity board. B. Ads promoting electrical appliances. C. The description of a thief in disguise(伪装). D. A new policy on old people’s welfare. 18 A. Speaking with a proper accent. B. Wearing an official uniform. C. Making friends with them. D. Showing them his ID 19. A. To be on the alert when being followed. B. Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. C. Not to admit anyone without an appointment. D. To watch out for those from the electricity board. 20. A. She was robbed near the parking lot. B. All her money in the bank disappeared. C. The pension(退休金)she’d drawn was stolen. D. She was knocked down in the post office. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40分) Section A (10分) Directions: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to complete the sentences. 1. China ______ at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. A. developed B. had developed C. is developing D. has developed 2. His handwriting is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________ it is that he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 3. ______ you are facing difficulties or enjoying success, perseverance is key to achieving dreams. A. No matter B. In spite of C. Whether D. Even if 4. ______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. Walking B. When one is walking C. Having walked D. When walking 5. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure ______ he begins to blame somebody else. A. even if B. until C. in case D. once 6. Unless ______ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. to invite D. having invited 7. Who would you have ______ the speech at the class meeting next week? A. to deliver B. delivered C. deliver D. delivering 8. In this company, job commitments are the major principle. ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. A Only with hard work B. Only hard work C. With hard work D. So hard do you work 9. We must say that never before ______ so moving a film as The Man Returning from Battlefields. A. we had seen B. had we seen C. we have seen D. have we seen 10. ______ got into the room ______ the telephone rang. A. He had hardly... then B. Hardly had he... when C. He had no sooner... when D. No sooner had he... when Section B (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Double-decker Buses A double-decker bus is a bus that has two storeys or decks. Double-decker buses are used for mass transport all over the world. The most iconic example is the red London bus. Early double-deckers put the driver in a separate cab(驾驶舱). Passengers entered the bus through an open platform at the back door, ___11___a bus conductor would collect fares. The back open platform, popular with passengers, was abandoned for safety reasons, as there was a risk of passengers falling when ___12___(run) onto the bus. Modern double-deckers have a main entrance door at the front and the driver takes fares. ___13___ this can cut down the number of bus workers aboard, it slows the boarding process. Double-deckers in London Double-decker buses are in common use throughout the United Kingdom, especially in London. Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but some open-top models ___14___(intend) for sightseeing. Many tourists ___15___ have the best view of London from the top of a double-decker. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres and 11.1 metres ___16___length, and the latter has been more common since the mid-1990s. In 1941, Miss Phyllis Thompson became the first woman ___17___(drive) a double-decker vehicle in the United Kingdom. She drove for the bus company Messrs. ___18___ being licensed hit the headline throughout the whole country as driving had long been men’s job. Double-deckers in Shanghai In Shanghai, several newly designed No. 911 double-decker buses were put into operation on Huaihai Road in 2018. Older open-top double-decker buses were retired in 2017 after serving the city for several years. ___19___(compare) with the older model, the new buses are safer and provide ___20___(comfortable) riding experiences for passengers. Not only can passengers take No. 911 double-deckers to commute, but also they can have a pleasant tour of the most booming area in the city. Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. beaten B. appeal C. intersection D. avoiding E. difference F. seeking G. undiscovered H. conscious I. destination J. trustworthy K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or ____21____ cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively ____22____ tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, ____23____ traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real ____24____. Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the ____25____ track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers: Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still ____26____ by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar ____27____ Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to____28____ destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the ____29____ of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) _____30_____ mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. (B) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. follows B. proudly C. evolution D. display E. completely F. winds G. considerable H. weight I. memorable J. expedition K. historically Route 66: The Mother Road There’s a piece of the road in the museum. I stare at the little bits of broken stone, forever frozen in the flattened pavement and wonder, how many cars passed over this spot? How many Midwestern thunderstorms rained down into those small holes, and how many people’s ____31____ helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66? The ____32____ at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History is big and lively. No other American highway has a place in the Smithsonian. Just how is it that Route 66 became more ____33____ than larger and longer interstate highways? Because this is the Mother Road— a road that ____34____ in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo (野牛); a road that ____35____ over the wagon ruts (马车车辙) of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys. Route 66 represents the ____36____ of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states. Route 66 is America’s history, spelled out in 2,488 miles. As stories go, Route 66 has been done to death — already. People ask how my trip will be new or different — how will I stand out from the millions who have traveled the iconic Route? What matters to me is that this trip is ____37____ new — to me. While I have driven ___38___sections of Route 66 in the past, I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end. Like every great ____39____ this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories. In a way, we are traveling back in time, while following the sun westward, to the future. I expect this trip to be fun and educational, and at times, beautiful — and I imagine that somewhere west of Oklahoma City, I will encounter a square-shaped pothole (坑洼) and think of that part of asphalt (沥青) that sits____40____in the Smithsonian, a piece of highway with its very own spotlight. III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It is springtime, and the city feels especially glorious. If we were to reflect on what has brought us joy in our daily life, birds would probably be enjoying a top ____41____ on the happy list for many. Especially those we saw outside of our windows or, in New York City, on the street. Three species in particular ____42____ the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners: house sparrows, pigeons and starlings (椋鸟). All of these species are invasive. When these species were first introduced, the scientific fields of ecology and conservation were almost ____43____, and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea. I have been studying starlings in New York City since 2016. I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them ____44____ on the street. I was initially fascinated by their adaptability to the ____45____ landscape, especially their ____46____ flexibility. They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens. The sounds they make are so ____47____ that you might not recognize that they are coming from the same species. If you listen closely, you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound. You may not consider it ____48____ enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless. When you stare at them, as I have many times, they never ever appear to look at you, but they obviously see you because they ____49____ incredibly rapidly to absolutely any movement or disturbance. They are off ____50____, always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture. Sometimes, I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country, and could just enjoy watching them in quiet ____51____. And I wonder if you can know about their paths of ____52____ and still appreciate aspects of their behavior. At times this winter, nothing in the ____53____ environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world. And then way up in that bit of sky, beside the water tower, I spotted five of them. I’d know their triangular wings, and their suspicious (有疑心的) and ____54____ behavior, anywhere. As they flew up and ____55____, they inspired my hope for bluer skies and future springtime. 41. A. peak B. spot C. attraction D. idea 42. A. impact B. imitate C. dominate D. threaten 43. A. nonstop B. nonexistent C. nonviolent D. nonprofit 44. A. legally B. academically C. generously D. informally 45. A. urban B. natural C. regional D. scenic 46. A. dietary B. flying C. communicative D. behavior 47. A. strange B. similar C. varied D. powerful 48. A. popular B. loud C. clear D. beautiful 49. A. stick B. object C. respond D. apply 50. A. in a flash B. in a word C. in a sense D. in a hurry 51. A. mood B. ignorance C. laboratories D. neighborhoods 52. A. creation B. exploration C. destruction D. depression 53. A. conserved B. hidden C. built D. connected 54. A. quick B. elegant C. commonplace D. dramatic 55. A. out of reach B. out of curiosity C. out of mind D. out of sight Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1 and July 3,1863. It was one of the bloodiest battles in the American Civil War, with over 51,000 casualties (伤亡人员). Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The featured speaker for the occasion was Edward Everett, a former dean of Harvard University, and one of the most famous orators (演说家) of his day. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. His speech lasted an hour and 57 minutes and it was a perfect example of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for less than three minutes, and the photographer standing in front of him didn’t even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and said, “I have failed again.” But little by little, as people read the speech, they began to like its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” 56. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery, as ________. A. he had made great contributions to the Civil War B. he was one of the most popular orators of his day C. he was president of the United States at the time D. he was a friend of the featured speaker Everett 57. It can be learned from the passage that ________. A. Lincoln made the speech in the hope that the war would end B. Lincoln seemed not to have had a lot of time to prepare his speech C. it was the first time that Lincoln’s speech had ended in failure D. it was on the train to Gettysburg that Lincoln redrafted his speech 58. In the last paragraph, “the central idea” probably refers to ________. A. freedom and liberty B. fame and wealth C. power of language D. recognition of the public 59. From what Everett wrote to Lincoln, we learn that ________. A. he felt a bit jealous about Lincoln’s success B. he regretted making a speech in Lincoln’s presence C. he thought Lincoln’s speech was short but powerful D. he was confident in his ability to make a better speech next time (B) IELTS Scoring in Detail https://www.ielts.org/ IELTS is graded on a scale of 1-9. The Test Report Form provides your overall band score and band scores for each of the four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. Overall band score The overall band score is the average of the four sections scores, rounded to the nearest whole or half band. The sections scores are weighted equally. Listening Reading Writing Speaking Average of four components (total of the four individual component scores divided by four) Band score Test taker A 6.5 6.5 5.0 7.0 6.25 6.5 Test taker B 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.875 4.0 Test taker C 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.0 6125 6.0 If the average of the four sections ends in. 25, the overall band score is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in. 75, the overall band score is rounded up to the next whole band. Ensuring quality and fairness IELTS is trusted by individuals and organisations worldwide for its fairness, reliability and high-quality standards. It is recognised as being fair to-all takers whatever their nationality, cultural background, gender or special-needs. Test-takers can feel confident that IELTS: 1. provides a valid and accurate assessment of the four language skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking; 2. assesses language skills, not specialist knowledge; the topics covered are general enough so that all test-takers will be able to answer questions on them; 3. is focused on assessing practical communication ability; 4. serves both academic and non-academic purposes through a choice of two test types; 5. features a one-on-one, face-to-face Speaking test; 6. recognises all standard varieties of native-speaker English, including North American and British; 7. ensures test questions are extensively trialled with people from different cultures to confirm they are appropriate and fair. Ensuring consistent assessment of Writing and Speaking tests 1. Writing and Speaking tests are assessed by trained and certificated examiners. 2. Examiners are qualified English language specialists, with substantial-relevant teaching experience, working to clearly defined criteria and subject to extensive quality control procedures. 3. Selected speaking and writing performances are second-marked by a team of IELTS principal examiners/assistant principal examiners who provide feedback to each examiner. 4. Where there is a significant difference between a test-taker’s writing and/or speaking score and their reading and listening scores, double marking is carried out. 5. Routine analysis is conducted on each test version to ensure that the performances of test materials, test-takers and examiners are in line with expected standards. 6. Test-takers who feel that their scores do not reflect their performance may apply to have their tests remarked by a senior examiner. 60. If an IELTS test-taker gets 4.5 for Listening, 6.5 for Reading, 5.0 for Writing and 5.5 for Speaking, his overall band score is ________. A. 5.0 B. 5.25 C. 5.5 D. 6.5 61. According to the announcement-above, if one is to prepare for an IELTS test, the most important thing he/she has to do is to ________. A. practice making conversations in real situations B. acquire professional knowledge in various fields C speak fluently in standardized British or American accent D. learn about the cultures of some English-speaking countries 62. Which of the following statements about IELTS is TRUE? A. Writing and Speaking have a more important role to play than Listening and Reading. B. Test-takers, whether for academic purpose or not, must be tested together for equality. C. A routine analysis covers the test paper’s effectiveness and the conduct of examiner. D. If scores between sections differ significantly, a senior examiner will do the re-marking. (C) All over the world, from Baltimore to Auckland, coastal cities are facing the same issue: the regeneration of their docklands (码头区). These areas, which were once at the very heart of urban activity, have emptied over time as modern shipping requirements have moved the docks further out of town. The resultant migration of population and decline in commercial activity are two effects which therefore need to be addressed. A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. As the situation has got worse, the appeal of these areas for locals or tourists has decreased. This vicious circle can only be broken through redevelopment. Governments, therefore, have had to make important financial and strategic decisions about these waterfronts, whether they are giving onto a river, a lake, a bay or the sea. In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. This meant that all the services and infrastructure required for these segments had to be put in place. I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. 63. The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A. changes in shipping B. the decline of the docklands C. a solution to docklands’ decline D. the rise of the cruise industry 64. Migration from the docklands had led to ________. A. poverty B. homelessness C. an increase in crime D. less appealing residences 65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Baltimore handled the planning stages well. B. The Baltimore regeneration was mainly for tourists. C. These days, crew members spend a lot of time in port spending money. D. Overall, the author is not in favour of the regeneration of dockland areas. 66. The last paragraph offers ________. A. a regeneration plan that is worth advocating B. another example of renovation that succeeds C. an accurate prediction about waterfronts’ future D. the author’s perspective on improving waterfront areas Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. ___67___ Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. ___68___ They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. ___69___ Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. ___70___ Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A. All this is done with the best of intentions. B. Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C. The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D. The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E. And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F. This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 政府致力打造的优质医疗服务吸引了当地居民。(appeal)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 72. 直到在车祸中死里逃生，他才意识到定期保养汽车的重要。(until) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 73. 途经花海，看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶，女主角心想应该带上相机记录这一刻。(come across) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 74. 团队以热情和决心将废弃海滩改造成度假胜地，为移民提供就业，成为经济变革的重要载体。(vehicle) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided writing (25分) 75. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高一学生王华，你在某英语论坛上看到一个求助帖，请根据帖子内容写一篇回帖，给出你的建议和理由。 I’ve planned a family trip carefully, hoping to create cherished memories with my 16-year-old child. I’ve selected destinations rich in cultural heritage(遗产)and natural beauty. However, during the trip, my son John spends an overwhelming amount of time on the phone, barely paying attention to the wonderful sights around. I’m worried this constant phone use is ruining the travel experience and preventing us from bonding(情感联系). What should I do? —A worried parent travelling in Xi’an, China ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 控江中学2024学年第二学期高一年级期末英语试卷 2025.6 （满分150分 考试时间：120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A (10分) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. 7:30. B. 7:40. C. 7:50. D. 8:00. 2. A. $20. B. $37. C. $5. D. $2. 3. A. At a department store. B. In a history lesson. C. In a museum. D. In a clothes shop. 4. A. To the dentist’s. B. To the market. C. To the post office. D. To the bookstore. 5. A. To find out more about the topic for the seminar. B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend. C To get the seminar schedule for the woman. D. To pick up the woman from the library. 6. A. The man should consider his privacy first. B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment. C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter place. D. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory. 7. A. The man regrets being absent-minded. B. The woman saved the man some trouble. C. The man placed the reading list on a desk. D. The woman emptied the waste paper basket. 8. A. The speakers want to rent the Smiths’ old house. B. The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths. C. The woman is not sure if she is on the right street. D. The Smiths’ new house is not far from their old one. 9. A. They went camping this time last year. B. They didn’t quite enjoy their last picnic. C. They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions. D. They weren’t experienced in organizing picnics. 10. A. A computer game. B. An imaginary situation. C. An exciting experience. D. A vacation by the sea. Section B (15分) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists. B. Some features of Japanese culture. C. The art of Japanese brush painting. D. The uniqueness of Japanese art. 12. A. To calm themselves down. B. To enhance concentration. C. To show their impatience. D. To signal lack of interest. 13. A. How listeners in different cultures show respect. B. How speakers can win approval from the audience. C. How speakers can misunderstand the audience. D. How different Western and Eastern art forms are. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. They help us see the important values of culture. B. They guide us in handling human relationship. C. They help us express ourselves more effectively. D. They are a rich source of human knowledge. 15. A. Their wording may become different. B. The values they reflect may change. C. Their origins can no longer be traced. D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally. 16. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of listeners. B. Some proverbs are becoming more and more important. C. Old proverbs are constantly replaced by new ones. D. Certain values have always been central to a culture. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following dialogue. 17. A. A notice by the electricity board. B. Ads promoting electrical appliances. C. The description of a thief in disguise(伪装). D. A new policy on old people’s welfare. 18. A. Speaking with a proper accent. B. Wearing an official uniform. C. Making friends with them. D. Showing them his ID 19. A. To be on the alert when being followed. B. Not to leave senior citizens alone at home. C. Not to admit anyone without an appointment. D. To watch out for those from the electricity board. 20. A. She was robbed near the parking lot. B. All her money in the bank disappeared. C. The pension(退休金)she’d drawn was stolen. D. She was knocked down in the post office. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40分) Section A (10分) Directions: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to complete the sentences. 1. China ______ at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. A. developed B. had developed C. is developing D. has developed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以惊人的速度发展，取得了前所未有的卓越成就。根据时间状语“during the past two decades”可知，该时间状语表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，常用于现在完成时，强调动作从过去开始并对现在产生影响（即 “取得成就”）。现在完成时结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“China”为单数。用“has developed”。故选D。 2. His handwriting is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________ it is that he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：他的字写得很乱，很难弄清楚他想表达的是什么。空格处引导一个宾语从句，在从句中作he is trying to express的宾语，表示“什么”。A. that（这个）引导宾语从句，无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用；B. how（怎样）引导宾语从句，作状语，表示“如何”；C. who（谁）引导宾语从句，作主语，宾语，表示“谁”；D. what（什么）引导宾语从句，作主语、宾语或表语，表示“什么；……的（东西等）”，根据句意，故填what， 故选D。 3. ______ you are facing difficulties or enjoying success, perseverance is key to achieving dreams. A. No matter B. In spite of C. Whether D. Even if 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你是面对困难还是享受成功，毅力是实现梦想的关键。A. No matter通常与“what/how/when”等疑问词搭配，构成“No matter + 疑问词”结构，意为 “无论……”；B. In spite of尽管，后接名词、动名词或代词；C. Whether常用于“whether...or...”结构，表示“无论……还是……”；D. Even if“即使”。结合句意，表示“无论……还是……”用whether...or...，故选C。 4. ______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. Walking B. When one is walking C. Having walked D. When walking 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：当一个人在晴朗的日子里行走，远离城市的人群时，群山给了他一种无限的宁静感。分析句子可知，句子为“When”引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，根据句意和主句中的“him”可知，从句主语应用“one”，从句中动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，故空格处应用“When one is walking”，其他三个选项的逻辑主语为“mountains”，不符合句意，排除。故选B项。 5. A man can fail many times, but he isn’t a failure ______ he begins to blame somebody else. A. even if B. until C. in case D. once 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。A. even if即使；B. until直到……为止，在……之前；C. in case万一，以防；D. once一旦。根据句意可知，此处为连词until“在……之前”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 6. Unless ______ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A. invited B. inviting C. to invite D. having invited 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：除非被邀请发言，这里的大多数高中生在课堂上更喜欢保持沉默。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。故Unless引导的状语从句完整句子为Unless most high school students are ______ to speak,，most high school students与invite“邀请”之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态are invited，故省略后用invited。故选A。 7. Who would you have ______ the speech at the class meeting next week? A. to deliver B. delivered C. deliver D. delivering 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下周的班会你想让谁来做演讲？deliver a speech“发表讲话，发表演说”。其中have sb. do sth.为固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，所以空处需用省略to的不定式deliver，作宾语补足语。故选C。 8. In this company, job commitments are the major principle. ______ can you expect to get a pay rise. A. Only with hard work B. Only hard work C. With hard work D. So hard do you work 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句式。句意：在这家公司，对工作的承诺是最重要的原则。只有努力工作，你才能希望高工资。题干中是Only+状语(从句）放在句首，(主句）句中用部分倒装语序，题干中助动词can位于主语you前，是部分倒装，故选A。 9 We must say that never before ______ so moving a film as The Man Returning from Battlefields. A. we had seen B. had we seen C. we have seen D. have we seen 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和倒装句。句意：我们必须得说，从未看过像《从战场归来的人》这么动人的电影。never before（从未如此 ）属于否定词置于句首的情况，此时句子要进行部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语之前；根据语境，强调从过去到现在的感受，用现在完成时，主语是we，所以用have，倒装后就是have we seen。故选D。 10. ______ got into the room ______ the telephone rang. A. He had hardly... then B. Hardly had he... when C. He had no sooner... when D. No sooner had he... when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和部分倒装。句意：他一进房间，电话铃就响了。根据句意可知，句子为时间状语从句，句中涉及固定句型“Hardly…when…”，意为“一……就……”，“Hardly”位于句首，后面句子要用部分倒装，根据“rang”可知，主句动作发生在过去的过去，为过去完成时，空格一应用“Hardly had he”，空格二应用“when”。故选B项。 Section B (10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Double-decker Buses A double-decker bus is a bus that has two storeys or decks. Double-decker buses are used for mass transport all over the world. The most iconic example is the red London bus. Early double-deckers put the driver in a separate cab(驾驶舱). Passengers entered the bus through an open platform at the back door, ___11___a bus conductor would collect fares. The back open platform, popular with passengers, was abandoned for safety reasons, as there was a risk of passengers falling when ___12___(run) onto the bus. Modern double-deckers have a main entrance door at the front and the driver takes fares. ___13___ this can cut down the number of bus workers aboard, it slows the boarding process. Double-deckers in London Double-decker buses are in common use throughout the United Kingdom, especially in London. Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but some open-top models ___14___(intend) for sightseeing. Many tourists ___15___ have the best view of London from the top of a double-decker. The majority of double-decker buses in the UK are between 9.5 metres and 11.1 metres ___16___length, and the latter has been more common since the mid-1990s. In 1941, Miss Phyllis Thompson became the first woman ___17___(drive) a double-decker vehicle in the United Kingdom. She drove for the bus company Messrs. ___18___ being licensed hit the headline throughout the whole country as driving had long been men’s job. Double-deckers in Shanghai In Shanghai, several newly designed No. 911 double-decker buses were put into operation on Huaihai Road in 2018. Older open-top double-decker buses were retired in 2017 after serving the city for several years. ___19___(compare) with the older model, the new buses are safer and provide ___20___(comfortable) riding experiences for passengers. Not only can passengers take No. 911 double-deckers to commute, but also they can have a pleasant tour of the most booming area in the city. 【答案】11. where 12. running 13. Although##Though##While 14. are intended 15. can 16. in 17. to drive 18. Her 19. Compared 20. more comfortable 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了双层巴士的发展历史。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：乘客们从后门处的一个敞开式站台进入公交车，那里有一位公交售票员负责收取车费。此处为定语从句，先行词为an open platform，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 【12题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：那个面向后方的开放式站台很受乘客欢迎，但由于安全考虑，它被废弃了。因为当乘客跑向公交车时存在摔倒的风险。此处为时间状语从句的省略，从句主语为passengers，与主句主语一致，且与动词 run构成主动关系，当从句主语与主句主语一致时且从句谓语动词中含有be动词的形式时，可省略从句主语与be动词，构成状语从句的省略，从句省略前为when passengers were running onto the bus，故填running。 【13题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这样做可以减少车厢内的公交车工作人员数量，但会延长上车时间。由句意此处为让步状语从句，空处位于句首，应用让步状语从句的引导词Although/Though/While，故填Although/Though/While。 【14题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：双层巴士主要用于通勤服务，但有些敞篷车型则是为观光而设计的。空处应填谓语动词，短语be intended for意为“打算为……所用；预定给”，固定搭配，主语为some open-top models，由上文的Double-deckers are primarily for commuter transport but可知此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时，故填are intended。 【15题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：许多游客从双层巴士的顶部可以观赏到伦敦最美的景色。由句意及空后的have the best view可知此处应填情态动词can，表示“能够；可以”，故填can。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：英国大多数双层巴士的长度在 9.5 米至 11.1 米之间，而后者自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来更为常见。in length意为“长度为……”，固定搭配，故填in。 【17题详解】 考查不定式。句意：1941 年，菲利斯·汤普森女士成为了英国首位驾驶双层巴士的女性。此处应填非谓语动词，由句意及空前的the first woman可知应填不定式形式to drive，作后置定语，修饰woman，故填to drive。 【18题详解】 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：她获得驾照的消息在全国范围内都成为了头条新闻，因为长期以来驾驶工作一直是由男性承担的。由句意此处指上文的Miss Phyllis Thompson获得驾照的消息，应用形容词性物主代词her，作定语，修饰being licensed，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Her。 【19题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：与之前的车型相比，新款公交车更加安全，并且为乘客提供了更舒适的乘车体验。由句意及空后的介词with可知此处应用过去分词compared，compared with意为“与……相比”，过去分词短语作状语，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Compared。 【20题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：与之前的车型相比，新款公交车更加安全，并且为乘客提供了更舒适的乘车体验。由句意及空前的safer and provide可知此处指新型双层巴士与较旧的敞篷双层巴士相比可以为乘客提供更舒适的乘车体验，应用形容词比较级more comfortable，作定语，故填more comfortable。 Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. beaten B. appeal C. intersection D. avoiding E. difference F. seeking G. undiscovered H. conscious I. destination J. trustworthy K. undermarketed Undertourism Overtourism has made travel headlines for a couple of years, pushing sustainable travelers to do their part by traveling in the off-season, shopping local, or ____21____ cities burdened with too many tourists. ·However, there is a growing trend on the opposite side of the coin: undertourism, the phenomenon of inadequate levels of tourism. While some cities cope with overcrowded streets, others are actively ____22____ tourists. Increasingly, destinations take advantage of undertourism as a benefit — like Norway’s 2017 declaration to “rescue tired travelers from overcrowded European cities by flying them to Oslo.” The bright side of undertourism? Being a mindful, ____23____ traveler is important no matter where you go. It’s a chance for travelers to plot paths where their money makes a real ____24____. Travelers looking for genuine experiences could do better for themselves — and their destinations — by heading off the ____25____ track. Here are two “undertourist-ed” destinations recommended by travel writers: Flores and Sumba in Indonesia Traveller writer Kylie McLaughlin admitted Indonesia’s need for tourists is shocking considering how popular Bali (巴厘岛-印尼的岛屿) is among vacationers. But Bali is only one island. And Indonesia’s archipelago (群岛) has a population of 260million across islands still ____26____ by tourists. Fellow travel writer Ilona Biro said Flores and Sumba have similar ____27____ Western Mongolia Writer Aubrey Menarndt says traveling to____28____ destinations makes her journeys feel like she is discovering something new. Hiking in Mongolia’s Bayan-Olgii provided such an adventure. “In the still-deep snow of late May, my friend and I climbed a peak to view the ____29____ of China, Russia, and Mongolia. The only being we encountered on our way was a(n) _____30_____ mountain dog who motivated and kept us company in exchange for snacks,” she said. 【答案】21. D 22. F 23. H 24. E 25. A 26. G 27. B 28. K 29. C 30. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“旅游不足”这一现象展开，将其与“旅游过度”进行对比，介绍了旅游不足现象及其带来的影响，并推荐了相关旅游目的地。 【21题详解】 考查动名词。句意：几年来，过度旅游一直是旅游领域的头条新闻，促使可持续的旅行者在淡季旅行，在当地购物，或者避开游客太多的城市，以此来尽自己的一份力量。与“traveling in the off-season, shopping local”并列，表达“避开”游客过多的城市，应用动名词形式。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：当一些城市应对拥挤的街道时，另一些城市正在积极吸引游客。“are actively ______ tourists”需现在分词，意为“积极吸引游客”，与前半句“过度拥挤”形成对比，“seeking”表示“寻求、吸引”。故选F。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：无论你去哪里，做一个有意识的旅行者都很重要。修饰“traveler”，“mindful, conscious”强调“有意识的、细心的”，符合“负责任旅行”的语境。故选H。 【24题详解】 考查名词。 句意：对于旅行者来说，这是一个机会，他们可以规划出自己的钱能真正发挥作用的路线。固定搭配“make a real difference”，表示“产生真正的影响”，指游客的消费能切实帮助目的地。故选E。 【25题详解】 考查固定短语。 句意：寻求真正体验的旅行者如果不走寻常路，对自己和目的地都有好处。固定短语beaten track意为“常规的路，老路”，符合句意，故选A。 【26题详解】 考查过去分词。 句意：印度尼西亚的群岛有2.6亿人口，其中一些岛屿尚未被游客发现。设空处修饰名词作定语，“islands still undiscovered by tourists”表示“仍未被游客发现的岛屿”，强调未被开发状态，应用过去分词。故选G。 【27题详解】 考查名词。 句意：旅行作家伊洛娜·比罗说，弗洛雷斯和松巴岛也有类似的吸引力。“similar appeal”指“类似的吸引力”，说明Flores和Sumba与巴厘岛一样有旅游价值，但未被过度关注。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：作家奥布里·梅纳恩特说，去市场不太发达的目的地旅行让她觉得自己在发现一些新东西。修饰“destinations”，“undermarketed”表示“营销不足的”，符合“旅游不足”中目的地未被充分推广的特点。故选K。 【29题详解】 考查名词。 句意：五月末，我和朋友在厚厚的积雪中爬上了一座山峰，想看看中国、俄罗斯和蒙古的交界处。“the intersection of China, Russia, and Mongolia”指“中、俄、蒙三国交界处”，符合句意，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：我们在路上唯一遇到的是一只值得信赖的山地狗，它激励着我们，陪伴着我们，以换取零食。修饰“mountain dog”，“trustworthy”意为“值得信赖的”，与后文 “陪伴并激励游客”的描述一致。故选J。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. follows B. proudly C. evolution D. display E. completely F. winds G. considerable H. weight I. memorable J. expedition K. historically Route 66: The Mother Road There’s a piece of the road in the museum. I stare at the little bits of broken stone, forever frozen in the flattened pavement and wonder, how many cars passed over this spot? How many Midwestern thunderstorms rained down into those small holes, and how many people’s ____31____ helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66? The ____32____ at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History is big and lively. No other American highway has a place in the Smithsonian. Just how is it that Route 66 became more ____33____ than larger and longer interstate highways? Because this is the Mother Road— a road that ____34____ in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo (野牛); a road that ____35____ over the wagon ruts (马车车辙) of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys. Route 66 represents the ____36____ of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states. Route 66 is America’s history, spelled out in 2,488 miles. As stories go, Route 66 has been done to death — already. People ask how my trip will be new or different — how will I stand out from the millions who have traveled the iconic Route? What matters to me is that this trip is ____37____ new — to me. While I have driven ___38___sections of Route 66 in the past, I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end. Like every great ____39____ this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories. In a way, we are traveling back in time, while following the sun westward, to the future. I expect this trip to be fun and educational, and at times, beautiful — and I imagine that somewhere west of Oklahoma City, I will encounter a square-shaped pothole (坑洼) and think of that part of asphalt (沥青) that sits____40____in the Smithsonian, a piece of highway with its very own spotlight. 【答案】31. H 32. D 33. I 34. A 35. F 36. C 37. E 38. G 39. J 40. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。66号公路在史密森尼博物馆有展品，它见证美国发展，作者将开启全程之旅，期待遇见与博物馆展品呼应的坑洼。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：有多少场来自中西部的雷暴雨落入了这些小坑中？又有多少人的重量共同作用，使得这条特殊的 66 号公路路段得以稳固、打磨、开裂乃至最终崩塌？根据“helped settle, then polish, then crack and break this special bit of Route 66”以及句意“重量”可知应用名词weight，作主语，故选H。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：史密森尼国家美国历史博物馆的这个展览规模宏大且充满活力。根据“at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History”以及句意“展览”可知应用名词display，作主语。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：那么，究竟是什么原因使得 66 号公路比那些规模更大、长度更长的州际公路更具“记忆点”呢？根据“than larger and longer interstate highways”以及句意“令人难忘”可知应用形容词memorable，作表语。故选I。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：因为这就是“母亲之路”——这条道路沿着印第安人的足迹延伸而来，他们曾追随野牛迁徙；这条道路蜿蜒穿过先驱者的马车车辙，也饱含着牛仔们孤独的马蹄足迹。根据“in the footsteps of Native Americans who once followed the buffalo”以及句意“沿着”可知应用动词follow，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，与先行词road保持一致，用三单形式。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：因为这就是“母亲之路”——这条道路沿着印第安人的足迹延伸而来，他们曾追随野牛迁徙；这条道路蜿蜒穿过先驱者的马车车辙，也饱含着牛仔们孤独的马蹄足迹。根据“蜿蜒穿过”以及句意“over the wagon ruts of pioneers and breathes the lonely horse trails of cowboys”可知应用动词wind，作谓语，根据上文is可知为一般现在时，与先行词road保持一致，用三单形式。故选F。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：66 号公路见证了美国从一片原始荒野到成为一个由多个州组成的国家的演变历程。根据“of America from fresh wilderness to a nation of states”以及句意“演变”可知应用名词evolution，作宾语，故选C。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：对我来说重要的是，这次旅行对我来说是完全全新的体验。根据“What matters to me is that this trip is”以及句意“完全”可知应用副词completely，修饰new。故选E。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然我过去曾驾驶过 66 号公路的不少路段，但从未完整地走完它的全程，即从起点到终点。根据“I have never traveled its entire lengths, from beginning to end.”以及句意“相当大的”可知应用形容词considerable，修饰名词sections。故选G。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像每一次伟大的探险一样，这次公路旅行将会带来诸多惊险刺激的时刻，也会有数不尽的故事流传开来。根据“this road trip will bring plenty of adventure and no lack of stories”以及句意“探险”可知应用名词expedition，作宾语，故选J。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：在俄克拉荷马城，我会遇到一个方形的坑洼，然后想起那块骄傲地陈列在史密森尼博物馆里的沥青——它是一段拥有专属聚光灯的公路。根据“a piece of highway with its very own spotlight”以及句意“骄傲地”可知应用副词proudly，修饰动词sit。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehension (45分) Section A (15分) Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It is springtime, and the city feels especially glorious. If we were to reflect on what has brought us joy in our daily life, birds would probably be enjoying a top ____41____ on the happy list for many. Especially those we saw outside of our windows or, in New York City, on the street. Three species in particular ____42____ the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners: house sparrows, pigeons and starlings (椋鸟). All of these species are invasive. When these species were first introduced, the scientific fields of ecology and conservation were almost ____43____, and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea. I have been studying starlings in New York City since 2016. I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them ____44____ on the street. I was initially fascinated by their adaptability to the ____45____ landscape, especially their ____46____ flexibility. They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens. The sounds they make are so ____47____ that you might not recognize that they are coming from the same species. If you listen closely you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound. You may not consider it ____48____ enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless. When you stare at them, as I have many times, they never ever appear to look at you, but they obviously see you because they ____49____ incredibly rapidly to absolutely any movement or disturbance. They are off ____50____, always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture. Sometimes, I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country, and could just enjoy watching them in quiet ____51____. And I wonder if you can know about their paths of ____52____ and still appreciate aspects of their behavior. At times this winter, nothing in the ____53____ environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world. And then way up in that bit of sky, beside the water tower, I spotted five of them. I’d know their triangular wings, and their suspicious (有疑心的) and ____54____ behavior, anywhere. As they flew up and ____55____, they inspired my hope for bluer skies and future springtime. 41. A. peak B. spot C. attraction D. idea 42. A. impact B. imitate C. dominate D. threaten 43. A. nonstop B. nonexistent C. nonviolent D. nonprofit 44. A. legally B. academically C. generously D. informally 45. A. urban B. natural C. regional D. scenic 46. A. dietary B. flying C. communicative D. behavior 47. A. strange B. similar C. varied D. powerful 48. A. popular B. loud C. clear D. beautiful 49 A. stick B. object C. respond D. apply 50. A. in a flash B. in a word C. in a sense D. in a hurry 51 A. mood B. ignorance C. laboratories D. neighborhoods 52. A. creation B. exploration C. destruction D. depression 53. A. conserved B. hidden C. built D. connected 54. A. quick B. elegant C. commonplace D. dramatic 55. A. out of reach B. out of curiosity C. out of mind D. out of sight 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对城市中常见鸟类的观察与感受，以及它们带来的希望与生机。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们反思日常生活中给我们带来快乐的事物，对许多人来说，鸟类可能会在快乐清单上占据首位。A. peak山峰；B. spot地点；C. attraction吸引力；D. idea想法。根据下文“on the happy list”可知，此处表示在快乐清单上占据首位，a top spot表示“首位”。故选B。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：三种鸟类尤其占据人行道、建筑物顶部、防火梯、窗沿和空调：麻雀、鸽子和椋鸟。A. impact影响；B. imitate模仿；C. dominate占据主导地位；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“the sidewalks, tops of buildings, fire escapes, window ledge (窗沿), and air conditioners”可知，此处表示这三种鸟类占据这些地方。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些物种首次被引入时，生态学和保护科学的领域几乎不存在，现在我们知道，为了控制害虫，这是一个糟糕的想法。A. nonstop不停的；B. nonexistent不存在的；C. nonviolent非暴力的；D. nonprofit非营利的。根据下文“and now we know that for pest (害虫) control, this was a terrible idea.”可知，此处表示当时这些领域几乎不存在。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在博物馆和实验室里正式研究它们，但在研究之间，我在街上非正式地观察它们。A. legally合法地；B. academically学术上；C. generously慷慨地；D. informally非正式地。根据上文“I do so formally in museums and labs but in between my research I watch them”和下文“on the street”可知，此处与上文形成对比，指在街头“非正式地”观察它们。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，我对它们对城市景观的适应性感到着迷，尤其是它们的饮食灵活性。A. urban城市的；B. natural自然的；C. regional地区的；D. scenic风景优美的。根据下文“They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens.”可知，此处表示这些鸟对城市景观的适应。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dietary饮食的；B. flying飞行的；C. communicative交际的；D. behavior行为的。根据下文“They will eat a pile of yellow rice on Columbus Avenue, a soft pretzel on Central Park West, and a flattened apple pie in the parking lot of a Costco in Queens.”可知，此处表示它们的饮食灵活性。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们发出的声音如此多种多样，以至于你可能认不出它们来自同一物种。A. strange奇怪的；B. similar相似的；C. varied多样的；D. powerful有力的。根据下文“you can hear their up-and-down whistling, whirring, and even an early video game laser-like sound”可知，此处表示它们发出的声音多种多样。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为它不够优美称不上一首歌，但它仍然算是一首歌。A. popular受欢迎的；B. loud大声的；C. clear清楚的；D. beautiful优美的。根据下文“enough to be called a song, but it is a song nonetheless”可知，前后为转折关系，此处指叫声可能不够“优美”，但仍属于歌声。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你盯着它们看时，就像我多次做的那样，它们似乎从来不会看你，但它们显然看到了你，因为它们对任何运动或干扰的反应都非常迅速。A. stick坚持；B. object反对；C. respond反应；D. apply申请。根据下文“to absolutely any movement or disturbance”可知，此处表示它们对任何运动或干扰的反应都非常迅速。故选C。 【50题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：它们立刻飞走了，总是比我拿出手机拍一张好照片的速度还要快。A. in a flash立刻；B. in a word总之；C. in a sense在某种意义上；D. in a hurry匆忙地。根据下文“always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture.”可知，此处表示它们飞走的速度很快，立刻飞走了。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我希望自己不知道它们在全国范围内还做了什么，只想在无知中安静地欣赏它们。A. mood情绪；B. ignorance无知；C. laboratories实验室；D. neighborhoods街区。根据上文“I wish that I did not know about what else they do across the country”可知，作者希望“不知道”椋鸟的负面影响，即处于“无知”状态。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道你是否了解它们的破坏路径，但仍然欣赏它们行为的一些方面。A. creation创造；B. exploration探索；C. destruction破坏；D. depression沮丧。根据上文“All of these species are invasive”可知，椋鸟作为入侵物种会造成“破坏”。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年冬天的某些时候，在建筑环境中，没有任何东西能让我联想到生命或自然世界。A. conserved保护；B. hidden隐藏；C. built建筑，建成的；D. connected连接。根据下文“environment even came close to remind me of life or the natural world”可知，与natural world对比，此处指城市中“建筑”的环境（如建筑、街道等）。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论在哪里，我都会认出它们三角形的翅膀，以及它们多疑和敏捷的行为。A. quick快的；B. elegant优雅的；C. commonplace普通的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据上文“They are off ____ , always faster than I can draw my phone out in order to grab a good picture”可知，椋鸟的行为反应“敏捷”。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：当它们飞起来又消失时，它们激发了我对更蓝的天空和未来春天的希望。A. out of reach够不着；B. out of curiosity出于好奇；C. out of mind心不在焉；D. out of sight看不见。根据上文“As they flew up”可知，椋鸟飞走后“消失在视线中”。故选D。 Section B (22分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1 and July 3,1863. It was one of the bloodiest battles in the American Civil War, with over 51,000 casualties (伤亡人员). Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The featured speaker for the occasion was Edward Everett, a former dean of Harvard University, and one of the most famous orators (演说家) of his day. It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. His speech lasted an hour and 57 minutes and it was a perfect example of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for less than three minutes, and the photographer standing in front of him didn’t even have time to take a picture. The speech was over almost before it began. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and said, “I have failed again.” But little by little, as people read the speech, they began to like its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made. Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” 56. Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery, as ________. A. he had made great contributions to the Civil War B. he was one of the most popular orators of his day C. he was president of the United States at the time D. he was a friend of the featured speaker Everett 57. It can be learned from the passage that ________. A. Lincoln made the speech in the hope that the war would end B. Lincoln seemed not to have had a lot of time to prepare his speech C. it was the first time that Lincoln’s speech had ended in failure D. it was on the train to Gettysburg that Lincoln redrafted his speech 58. In the last paragraph, “the central idea” probably refers to ________. A. freedom and liberty B. fame and wealth C. power of language D. recognition of the public 59. From what Everett wrote to Lincoln, we learn that ________. A. he felt a bit jealous about Lincoln’s success B. he regretted making a speech in Lincoln’s presence C. he thought Lincoln’s speech was short but powerful D. he was confident in his ability to make a better speech next time 【答案】56. C 57. B 58. A 59. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了林肯在葛底斯堡公墓落成典礼上发表演讲的经过及其演讲的影响。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Abraham Lincoln was asked to deliver a message at the dedication of the Gettysburg Civil War Cemetery on November 19,1863. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. (1863年11月19日，亚伯拉罕·林肯被邀请在葛底斯堡内战公墓落成典礼上发表讲话。内战仍在继续。当时对林肯总统有很多批评。他被邀请在葛底斯堡演讲只是出于礼貌。)”可知，林肯被邀请在葛底斯堡国家士兵公墓发表演讲，是因为他是当时的美国总统。故选C。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while on his way to Gettysburg. Later that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. (据说林肯是在去葛底斯堡的火车上准备演讲的。那天晚上晚些时候，他独自一人在旅馆房间里，疲惫不堪，又对演讲进行了简短的准备。)”可知，林肯似乎没有太多时间准备他的演讲。故选B。 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Now it is recognized as one of the most powerful statements in the English language and, in fact, one of the most important expressions of freedom and liberty-in-any language. Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” (如今，它被公认为英语中最具影响力的表述之一，事实上，也是任何语言中关于自由理念的最重要表达之一。事实上，埃弗雷特后来写信给林肯说：“我希望我能自夸一下，我在两个小时内所表达的the central idea与你两分钟内所表达的一样接近。”)”可知，林肯的演讲强调了自由，所以此处埃弗雷特在信中提到的the central idea指的是“自由”。故选A。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Indeed, Everett afterward wrote to Lincoln “I wish that I could flatter myself that I had come as near to the central idea of the occasion in two hours as you did in two minutes.” (事实上，埃弗雷特后来写信给林肯说：“我希望我能自夸一下，我在两个小时内所表达的中心思想与你两分钟内所表达的一样接近。”)”可知，埃弗雷特认为林肯的演讲虽然简短但却很有力量。故选C。 (B) IELTS Scoring in Detail https://www.ielts.org/ IELTS is graded on a scale of 1-9. The Test Report Form provides your overall band score and band scores for each of the four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. Overall band score The overall band score is the average of the four sections scores, rounded to the nearest whole or half band. The sections scores are weighted equally. Listening Reading Writing Speaking Average of four components (total of the four individual component scores divided by four) Band score Test taker A 6.5 6.5 5.0 7.0 6.25 6.5 Test taker B 4.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 3.875 4.0 Test taker C 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.0 6.125 6.0 If the average of the four sections ends in. 25, the overall band score is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in. 75, the overall band score is rounded up to the next whole band. Ensuring quality and fairness IELTS is trusted by individuals and organisations worldwide for its fairness, reliability and high-quality standards. It is recognised as being fair to-all takers whatever their nationality, cultural background, gender or special-needs. Test-takers can feel confident that IELTS: 1. provides a valid and accurate assessment of the four language skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking; 2. assesses language skills, not specialist knowledge; the topics covered are general enough so that all test-takers will be able to answer questions on them; 3. is focused on assessing practical communication ability; 4. serves both academic and non-academic purposes through a choice of two test types; 5. features a one-on-one, face-to-face Speaking test; 6. recognises all standard varieties of native-speaker English, including North American and British; 7. ensures test questions are extensively trialled with people from different cultures to confirm they are appropriate and fair. Ensuring consistent assessment of Writing and Speaking tests 1. Writing and Speaking tests are assessed by trained and certificated examiners. 2. Examiners are qualified English language specialists, with substantial-relevant teaching experience, working to clearly defined criteria and subject to extensive quality control procedures. 3. Selected speaking and writing performances are second-marked by a team of IELTS principal examiners/assistant principal examiners who provide feedback to each examiner. 4. Where there is a significant difference between a test-taker’s writing and/or speaking score and their reading and listening scores, double marking is carried out. 5. Routine analysis is conducted on each test version to ensure that the performances of test materials, test-takers and examiners are in line with expected standards. 6. Test-takers who feel that their scores do not reflect their performance may apply to have their tests remarked by a senior examiner. 60. If an IELTS test-taker gets 4.5 for Listening, 6.5 for Reading, 5.0 for Writing and 5.5 for Speaking, his overall band score is ________. A. 5.0 B. 5.25 C. 5.5 D. 6.5 61. According to the announcement-above, if one is to prepare for an IELTS test, the most important thing he/she has to do is to ________. A. practice making conversations in real situations B. acquire professional knowledge in various fields C. speak fluently in standardized British or American accent D. learn about the cultures of some English-speaking countries 62. Which of the following statements about IELTS is TRUE? A. Writing and Speaking have a more important role to play than Listening and Reading. B. Test-takers, whether for academic purpose or not, must be tested together for equality. C. A routine analysis covers the test paper’s effectiveness and the conduct of examiner. D. If scores between sections differ significantly, a senior examiner will do the re-marking. 【答案】60. C 61. A 62. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雅思考试的评分体系，包括整体评分、各部分评分、评分原则、考试质量保障措施以及写作和口语考试的评估流程。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据Overall band score部分“The overall band score is the average of the four sections scores, rounded to the nearest whole or half band. The sections scores are weighted equally.(总分是四个单项分数的平均值，会四舍五入到最接近的整数分或半分。四个单项的分数权重相同)”和“If the average of the four sections ends in .25, the overall band score is rounded up to the next half band, and if it ends in .75, the overall band score is rounded up to the next whole band.(如果四个单项的平均分尾数是0.25，总分会进为下一个半分；如果尾数是0.75，总分会进为下一个整数分)”可了解总分的计算方式。已知该考生听力4.5分，阅读6.5分，写作5.0分，口语5.5分，根据求平均值的公式 “平均值=总和÷个数”，可得这四个单项分数的平均值为：（4.5+6.5+5.0+5.5）÷4=5.375分；根据“If the average of the four sections ends in. 25, the overall band score is rounded up to the next half band(如果四个单项的平均分尾数是0.25，总分会进为下一个半分)”可知，该考生四个单项的平均分是5.375，尾数为0.375，所以总分应进为下一个半分，即5.5分。故选C。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ensuring quality and fairness部分“Test-takers can feel confident that IELTS:(考生可以确信雅思：)”和“3. is focused on assessing practical communication ability(3. 侧重于评估实际沟通能力)”可知，雅思考试重点考查实际沟通能力，所以如果要准备参加雅思考试，那么最重要的一点就是要练习在实际情境中进行对话。故选A。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ensuring consistent assessment of Writing and Speaking tests部分“5. Routine analysis is conducted on each test version to ensure that the performances of test materials, test takers and examiners are in line with expected standards.(5. 对每个考试版本进行常规分析，以确保考试材料的难度、考生的表现和考官的评分都符合预期标准)”可知，常规分析涵盖了对考试材料（即试卷的有效性）、考生表现以及考官评分行为的评估，C正确。故选C。 (C) All over the world, from Baltimore to Auckland, coastal cities are facing the same issue: the regeneration of their docklands (码头区). These areas, which were once at the very heart of urban activity, have emptied over time as modern shipping requirements have moved the docks further out of town. The resultant migration of population and decline in commercial activity are two effects which therefore need to be addressed. A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. As the situation has got worse, the appeal of these areas for locals or tourists has decreased. This vicious circle can only be broken through redevelopment. Governments, therefore, have had to make important financial and strategic decisions about these waterfronts, whether they are giving onto a river, a lake, a bay or the sea. In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. This meant that all the services and infrastructure required for these segments had to be put in place. I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. 63. The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A. changes in shipping B. the decline of the docklands C. a solution to docklands’ decline D. the rise of the cruise industry 64. Migration from the docklands had led to ________. A. poverty B. homelessness C. an increase in crime D. less appealing residences 65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Baltimore handled the planning stages well. B. The Baltimore regeneration was mainly for tourists. C. These days, crew members spend a lot of time in port spending money. D. Overall, the author is not in favour of the regeneration of dockland areas. 66. The last paragraph offers ________. A. a regeneration plan that is worth advocating B. another example of renovation that succeeds C. an accurate prediction about waterfronts’ future D. the author’s perspective on improving waterfront areas 【答案】63. A 64. C 65. A 66. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球沿海城市码头区面临衰落问题及再开发的重要性。 【63题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day. (其中一个关键因素是集装箱行业的发展，目前该行业负责全球超过75%的货物运输。因此，船只的尺寸逐渐增大，以至于需要更大的码头和更先进高效的起重机。这导致了市中心码头以及与之相连的服务和住宅的衰落。另一个直接结果是，船只在港口停留的时间更少，因此在这些地区消费的船员也更少。另一个替代收入来源是邮轮业，许多城市正在为邮轮建造设施，这些邮轮一天之内可以将5000多名游客带到某个地方)”可知，第二段主要讲述了航运方面的变化。故选A。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人) have taken up residence. (由于从滨水区迁出，数百英亩的土地被荒废。这意味着在一些城市，这些地区的犯罪率有所上升，因为帮派控制了这些地区，擅自占用他人房子的人也住进了这些地区)”可知，从码头区迁出导致了犯罪率的上升。故选C。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as remarketing the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists. (例如，在巴尔的摩，政府决定将码头区重建为专业办公室和小型初创企业的区域，并将其重新推广为会议、活动、自行车爱好者和城市游客的目的地)”和倒数第二段“I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan. (这意味着必须为这些领域提供所需的所有服务和基础设施。我认为，随附的统计数据证明该项目取得了巨大成功，部分原因在于咨询和规划阶段的工作，这些工作促成了一个统一的计划)”可知，巴尔的摩很好地处理了规划阶段。故选A。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city. (总之，我要说的是，尽管看到如此重要的历史滨水区的衰落令人悲伤，但由此产生的改造可以带来巨大的经济和社会改善。因此，我强烈主张实施再生计划，将服务、活动和人员带回这些荒地，并使其在城市中重新发挥重要作用)”可知，最后一段提供了作者对改善滨水区的看法。故选D。 Section C (8分) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. ___67___ Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. ___68___ They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. ___69___ Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. ___70___ Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A. All this is done with the best of intentions. B. Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C. The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D. The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E. And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F. This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. 【答案】67. A 68. F 69. B 70. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与过去的孩子相比，现在的孩子更多的时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，并介绍了导致这一现象的原因。 【67题详解】 根据上文“Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. (如今，这些孩子将大部分时间待在室内，坐车去任何地方，而不是步行或骑自行车，参加更多有组织的活动。)”可知，上文告诉我们现在的孩子将大部分时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，A项意为“所有这一切都是出于最好的意图。”，选项能够承接上文，孩子很少会参加有风险的活动，所有这一切都是出于最好的意图，且能引起下文，下文介绍了家长这样做的意图是什么。故选A。 【68题详解】 根据下文“They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. (它们涵盖了广泛的社会和人口趋势，如城市化、家庭结构的变化和女性大规模进入劳动力市场，以及数字技术的进步。)”可知，下文告诉我们儿童发生这些重大变化的原因是什么，F项意为“本文将解释导致西方国家和中国儿童发生这些重大变化的因素。”，选项能够引起下文，下文中的“They”代指选项中的“factors”。故选F。 【69题详解】 根据下文“Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. (家庭变得越来越小，女性生育孩子的时间比几代人前晚得多。)”可知，下文告诉我们现代孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化，B项意为“更重要的是，大多数孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了发生了什么变化及产生了什么影响。故选B。 【70题详解】 根据下文“In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. (在富裕国家，绝大多数15岁的人都有自己的智能手机，每天花几个小时上网。)”可知，下文告诉我们智能手机等设备对孩子产生了很大影响，D项意为“许多基于屏幕的设备对儿童的影响不容忽视。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了孩子使用这些设备的情况及造成的影响。故选D。 IV. Translation (15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 政府致力打造的优质医疗服务吸引了当地居民。(appeal)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The high-quality medical services that the government is committed to providing appeal to local residents. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。主语“优质医疗服务”用the high-quality medical services，后跟定语从句，先行词在从句作宾语，指物故用that；从句主语为the government；表示“致力”短语为be committed to；表示“打造”即“提供”可用动名词providing；表示“吸引”短语为appeal to；表示“当地居民”为local residents。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The high-quality medical services that the government is committed to providing appeal to local residents. 72. 直到在车祸中死里逃生，他才意识到定期保养汽车的重要。(until) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He didn’t realize the importance of maintaining the car regularly until he narrowly escaped death in the car accident. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、时间状语从句、非谓语动词。表示“他”用he，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“直到……才……”用not...until...；表示“意识到”用realize，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用didn’t realize；表示“定期保养汽车的重要”用the importance of maintaining the car regularly，作didn’t realize的宾语，其中maintaining为动名词，作介词of的宾语。until引导时间状语从句中：用he作主语；表示“死里逃生”用narrowly escaped death，作谓语；表示“在车祸中”用in the car accident。故翻译为He didn’t realize the importance of maintaining the car regularly until he narrowly escaped death in the car accident. 73. 途经花海，看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶，女主角心想应该带上相机记录这一刻。(come across) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 While coming across the flower sea and seeing countless flying butterflies, the heroine thought to herself (that) she should have brought her camera to record this moment. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和宾语从句。句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语“女主角”the heroine，“心想”think to oneself，动词使用过去式形式thought，使用反身代词herself表示“她自己”，后接that引导的宾语从句，可以省略，从句主语she，“（本）应该带上”should have brought，后接宾语“她的相机”her camera，“记录这一刻”为record this moment，动词使用不定式形式作目的状语；“途径花海”come across the flower sea，作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the heroine之间是主动关系，“看到无数飞舞的蝴蝶”为see countless flying butterflies，与逻辑主语the heroine之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，使用并列连词and连接并列的非谓语动词短语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为While coming across the flower sea and seeing countless flying butterflies, the heroine thought to herself (that) she should have brought her camera to record this moment. 74. 团队以热情和决心将废弃海滩改造成度假胜地，为移民提供就业，成为经济变革的重要载体。(vehicle) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The team, with enthusiasm and determination, transformed the abandoned beach into a resort, providing employment for immigrants and becoming an important vehicle for economic transformation. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为the team；表示“以热情和决心”可翻译为with enthusiasm and determination；表示“将……变成”可用transform…into…；表示“废弃海滩”为the abandoned beach；表示“度假胜地”可用名词resort；表示“为移民提供就业”可用现在分词短语，与resort构成主动关系，翻译为providing employment for immigrants；表示“成为经济变革的重要载体”用现在分词短语becoming an important vehicle for economic transformation。发生在过去用一般过去时。故翻译为The team, with enthusiasm and determination, transformed the abandoned beach into a resort, providing employment for immigrants and becoming an important vehicle for economic transformation. V. Guided writing (25分) 75. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的高一学生王华，你在某英语论坛上看到一个求助帖，请根据帖子内容写一篇回帖，给出你的建议和理由。 I’ve planned a family trip carefully, hoping to create cherished memories with my 16-year-old child. I’ve selected destinations rich in cultural heritage(遗产)and natural beauty. However, during the trip, my son John spends an overwhelming amount of time on the phone, barely paying attention to the wonderful sights around. I’m worried this constant phone use is ruining the travel experience and preventing us from bonding(情感联系). What should I do? —A worried parent travelling in Xi’an, China ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I understand your concern about your son John’s excessive phone use during your family trip in Xi’an. Here are some suggestions that might help. Firstly, try to have an open conversation with John. Explain how much effort you’ve put into planning this trip, which is aimed at creating cherished memories for the whole family. You could say something like, “I’ve chosen these destinations because they are rich in cultural heritage and natural beauty, and I really want us to enjoy them together.” Secondly, set some phone-free time during the trip. For example, you could decide that during meals or when visiting certain attractions, phones should be put away. This way, John will have no choice but to focus on the present moment and the people around him. Lastly, involve John in the planning process for future trips. Ask him what kind of activities or destinations he would enjoy. This will make him feel more included and excited about the trip, reducing his need to rely on his phone for entertainment. I hope these suggestions will be helpful, and I wish you a wonderful family trip! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对一位在西安旅行的家长在论坛上的求助帖，就其16岁儿子旅行中过度使用手机的问题给出建议和理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 担心：concern → worry 建议：suggestion → advice 帮助：help → assist 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I understand your concern about your son John’s excessive phone use during your family trip in Xi’an. 拓展句：I understand your concern, which is about your son John’s excessive phone use during your family trip in Xi’an. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Here are some suggestions that might help.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Explain how much effort you’ve put into planning this trip, which is aimed at creating cherished memories for the whole family.（运用了how much引导的宾语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $