第9节 特殊句式-高中英语学霸笔记

争分语法 计划和保特活力的能力。根语包意可知，空格处意为“除非，如果不”， 引导条件状语从包，故B项正确。 四、练习题 列 1.(2017.)If you don't understand something,you may research,study, and talk to other peopte you figure it out. 2.(2016全国Ⅱ）Over time,,_the population grew,.Peop(e began cutting food into smatt pieces,so it would cook more quickly. 3.(2017北京） birds use their feathers for fight,some of their feathers are for other purpose. 4.(2016)ondine shopping has changed our tife,not att of its effects have been positive. 5.(2017-江苏)Located the beit meets the road,Jiangsu contribute more to the beit and road construction. 6.（2016~地京）I read(y enjoy(istening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. 第九节 特殊句式 一、考点分析 英语中的特殊句式包持强调句、倒装句和省略包等，由于这些包式所 体魂的英语表达习惯多与汉语思雏不太一致，所以造成了线们实标用时的 困雄。高考命趣者也正是以此为切入点考查考生对这些特殊包式的理解和 把握。因此要求考生把握各种特殊句式在具体语境中的运用。 二、知识梳理 1.倒装句 (1)完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前 篮球，也许你 ①There be(stand,ie,exist.…）包型 认为这只是一 场运动，但战 e.g.There is a garden behind the house. 把它当成空气， ②表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语放在句首 我每天的呼吸 here,there,now then,up,down,in the noon,on the watt,out,off 都要靠它，这 e-g.Here comes the bus.(当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装，如Here it is.) 就是篮球的意 Away went the girt. 义。篮球是生 ③表语位于句首是，其倒装结构为“表语+迁系动词+主语” e-g.Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.（形容词作表语) Gone are the days when we were poor..(过去分词作表语) 117 名校学霸笔记英语 In each room are ten students..（介词短语作表语) (2)部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词)放在主语 之前 ①含香定意义的副词 never,not hardly,setdom,not untit,not onty...but(atso)... 有0的词或短语放在句首，结构为：表否定意义的词/词组+助动 洞/情态动洞/be+主语+谓动+… e.g.Never before have I seen such a moving fitm. Not untit he returned did we have supper, ②Dng+副词/介词短语/状语从包+助动洞/情态的洞/bet主 语+谓语动词+… e.g.Only then did I reatize that I was wrong. Onty in this way can you improve your pronunciation. Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(空包倒装) ※ng修饰主语时，匀子不倒装。 e.g.Ondy he can hetp you. ③So(也)，Neither/Wor(也不)+情态动词/助动词/be+主语 e.g.You can swim,so can he. I have never been to abroad,neither(nor)has he. -He (ike watching footbatt matches but he doesn't Like playing footbatt. -So it is (the same)with sb. (有两个谓语动词是作答用，表示“也”) 一Tom is thirteen. 一So is Lucy,(Lucy也18岁，前后指两个人) 一So he is.(Tom的确13岁，前后指一个人) ④频废副词(often,always,many a time等)置于句首，句子用部分倒装 e.g.When I you (=If I were you),I would take his advice. ⑤so(such).that..包型，so(such)置于句首时用倒装 e.g.So fast dose he run that I can't catch up with him. Such a clever boy is he that he can work out this exercise easily. (3)其他倒装结构 ①as,though引导的让步状语从包 ad/ady/名词/动词/+as/though t主语+- e.g.Successfut as/though he is,he is not proud. Child as he is,he knows to hetp others. Dbject as you may,I witl go. 118 争分语法 ①May表祝思 e.g.May you succeed May our friendship tive forever 2.强调日 (1)Its/was+被强调部分+that/who+包子剩余成分 强调人用that/who,强调物用that 在奋斗过程 所是调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从包，但结构要完整，被强调 中，找学会了 的成分是主语，安语，状语，但不能是定语或谓语。 怎样打球。找 eg.It is I who/that am right..(主语) 想那就是作为 Itis(ucky that we met at the school gate.（丧话) 职业球员的全 It is in the park that Tom(ost his watch.(状语) 部。你明白了 When was it that you called me yesterday? 你不可能每晚 What is it that you want me to do? 静打得很好， (2)强调句型的一般疑问句 但你不停的奋 Is/was it+被强调舒分tthat./who+其他成分？ 斗会有好事到 e.g.Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out? 来的。 Is it professor Wang that/who teaches you English (3)强调句型的特珠疑问词 特殊疑问词tis/was+ittthat+其他成分 e.g.Who was it that broke the window When was it that you called me yesterday? What is it that you want me to do? (4)有时可以用It might be..that..或It must have been..that..包型表 示强调 e.g.It might be his father that you're think of. It must have been his brother that you saw. （5)not.…unti认.，句型的强调句 Itis/was not unti试..that+其他成分 e.g.It was not untit ten o'clock that he went to bed. (6)强调句型中的t与作形式主语的t比较 去掉tis/was和that剩余部分仍能构成一个完整包子，就是强调匀 型，否则就不是。 e.g.It is there that accidents often happen. →Accidents often happen there..事故经第在邸里发生。 It is clear that not all boys like football →Clear not all boys Like footbait（x） 119 名校学霸笔记英语 不是完整包子结构，因此不是强调包。 (7)强调句型 ①Itis/was.…that.,Its/was+时间+when/before从包，Its+时间 +sice从包，It was not(ong before.·句型的区别 eg.It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.(强调包) It was midnight when/.before I got back home yesterday.（非提调包) It was two years ago that I began to(earn English.（强调句）找是从两年 前开始学英语的。 It is two years since I began to tearn English. ②Its.since.自从…m以来已有…m（时间) It wasn't(ong before..不久以后就 It was two years/days before…过了两年/两天就 It wilt be two years/days before.,还得两年/两天才 It witl not be two years/.days before.,用不了两年/两天就会 Note:试比较 It was two years before he came back from abroad. It was two years later that he came back from abroad. 都表示他两年后间国，注意强调包中状语的表达方式。 (8)对谓语动词的强调用do,did,does. e.g.Do come this evening. 3.省略包 (1)不定式的省略 D#be afraid,expect forget,hope,intend,Like,Love,mean prefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面，常用to代替被省略司。 e.g.I asked him to see the fiim,but he didn't want to. ②在have,need,ought,used等后面用to. e.g.I didn't want to go there,but I had to. ③在gtad,happy,pleased,de(ighted等后面，用to. e.g.If you'd like me to help you,I'd be only too glad to. ④香定形式的省略用not to. e.g.-Shalt I go instead of him? -I prefer not to. ⑤如果不定式中含有be,have,have been通常要保留tobe,to have,to have been. e.g. 120 争分语法 -Are you a sailor? 一Wo,but I used to be. (2)状语从句中的省略 列 ①当状语从匀中主语和主句中主语一致，且从句中含有b动词时， 可省略从包中的主语和b动词，此时从包中可能出现下列情况。 连词(as,as计，once)+名词 e.g.Once (he was)a teacher,he now works in a company. 连词（though,whether,when）+形容词 e-g.Work hard whenlyou are)young,OT you'(从regret..少壮不多力，老大 徒伤悲。 连词(whether,as计，whi试e)t介河短语 e.g.He tooked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something. 连词(when,whi试e,though).+现在分词 e.g.White (I was watking atong the street,I heard my name catted. 连词(when,计，even计，unless,once,unti认，than,as)+过去分词 e-g.The exhibition is more as计(he was)to speak.(对事实的猜测) ②当从包主语是t,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把t和b 一起省略，如连词（计，unless,when,whenever)+形容词。 e.g.If (it is necessary,you'd better refer to the dictionary. ③可以用so/not代替上文内容，有计so/not结构 e.g.Get up early tomorrow.If not (If you don't get up early )you witt miss the first bus. He may not be at home then.If so (If he is not at home),teave him a note. Note:状语从包省略看似复杂，其实也就是名词(n.)、形容词(ad(.) 介词短语(PreP.)、现在分词(vig),过去分词(y~ed)、不定式(to do)这六类，连词间基本相通，重在多看多记，重要考壹v-ng,yed,tod和三种， 考查时变换灵活，要多做题。 4.主渭一致 我从不害怡挑 (1)并列主语的主谓一致 战“…线从不 ①两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表两个不同的裤念，调语 拍走筋新的一 动词常用复数形式。 步，如采战失 e.g.Tom and Jack were close friends. 败了，那找会 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 爬起来重新开 ②两个单数名洞用and连接，表间一人，间一物，间一瓶念，或表示 始。 不可分割的整体，谓语动词用平数形式。 e.g.The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 121 名校学霸笔记英语 那位歌舞演员（指间一个人）要来参加线们晚会。 Wote:若是用the singer and the dancer,就是两个人，后面凌用are。 e.g.A knife and fork are on the table. ③被every,each,many a,no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动 词用单数，其后跟一个限定洞，可省略。 e.g.Each boy and (each)girt has an apple Many a teacher has see the firm. ④一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件 或几件事，这种名词作主语时，要根据意义一致原则决定谓语的单复数形 式 eg.Simple and plain(iving(生活简朴)isa9 ood quality English and American(iterature(英国知美国文学)are appealing to her. ⑤由and连接的两个what作主语时，要根据意义一致原则决定谓语动 词的单复数形式。 e.g.What he says and does do not agree. 他的吾，行不一致。（两件事） What he says and does doesn't concern me. 他的言行与找无关。（一件事) ⑥由or,either...or.…,neither...nor...,not onty ...but(also)连接主语时， 按就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数和临近主语一致。 e.g.One or two friends are coming this evening. Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. ⑦主语twith,a(ong with,together with,as wet以as,rather than,as much as,but,except等+名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数要与前而的主语一敢。 e.g.Tom (as welt as two of his friends was invited to the party. The teacher together with his students is going there on foot. (2)数次与量词作主语时的主谓一致 ①表时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，作整体 看待，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.Twenty years is a ong time in his life. Nte:如强调具体的数量，则要阅复数动词 e.g.Twenty years have passed since his father died. ②分词修饰名洞作主语时，动词单复数取决于意义。 e.g.About one third of the books are worth reading. A (arge percent of the work was done yesterday. 122 争分语法 ③由kind,form,Pair,tyPe,sort,s驴ecies，,series of等修饰的主语，动 词的单复数取决于这些词的单复数。 e.g.This new kind of buses is now on show. Att kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. ④a number,variety,9 roup of+n.复数ty.复数 Quantities o叶+可数名词复数/不可数名词ty.复 找总是党得找 e.g.Besides a targe guantity of mails,bags were found. 会投失前20 Quantities of food were on the table. 投，并且相停 (3)某望名词做主语时的主谓一致 郡第21球一 ①集体名司famity,c(ass,team,crew,9rop,audience,committee,police 定会进」我只 做主语，动词单复数依主语所指意义而定，当作整体来看，动词用单数： 是不停奋斗！ 若强调成员时，动洞用复数。 e.g.The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girts. The class are doing experiments. ②trousers,产ants,9 lasses,com驴asses,jeans等做主语，动词用复数， 但若前面用了a pair of/two...pairs of谓语讷词与Pair保持一致。 e.g.Here are some new pairs of glasses. My btue trousers have worn out. This pair of scissors was made in Hangzhou. (4)What引导的从何做主语，谓语动词用单数或复数祝情况而定， 一般用单数，若表语是复数名词，则用复数谓语动词。 e.g.What he said (eaves much for us to think about. What her father left her are ondy some books. 5.there be包型 (1)There be结构符合就近原则 e.g.There is a pen,two books,and many pencils on the desk. (2)There be有很多时态 There was/witk be/have been /can't be... (3）There be中的be有时可用seem to be,happen to be,is(i谈ely to be 或remain stand,(ie,9o,exist,fol(ow,(ive,come,OCCuT替换。 e.g.There is (ikely to be something wrong with his computer. (4)There be句型的非谓语形式 e.g.I never dreamed of there being a picture on the watt. I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. It is naturat for them there to be a generation gap between them. There being not enough time teft,we have to hurry. 123 名校学霸笔记英语 There having been no water for two days,the traveders were att thirsty. 三、例稳 1.(2018.地京）In any unsafe situation,simp(y the button and a highly-trained agent witl get you the hetp you need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 【答集】A 【解析】句意为：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下这个按纽，一个 训叫练有素的代理商就会使你得到你所需要的帮助。分析包子结构可知，指 出包型是，祈使匀+and+陈述匀，故A项正确。 2.(2018~天津）y washir鸿machine this week,so I have to wash my ctothes by hand. A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 【答策】C 【解新】根据本句中的时间状语this week和so I had to wash my clothes y hand可知，此处表示洗衣机正在被修理，应用现在进待时的被动语态， 故C项正确。 3.(20l8·天津)It was only when the car putted up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. A.which B.that C.when D.where 【答策】B 【解析】句意为：直到车停在找们的房子前面，找们才看到丽丽坐在 季容座位上。分析句子结构，可知这是一个强调句，强调的是时间状语 从包“Dn(y when the car pu(edu炉in front of our house'”,强调句的结构是it s/wast被强调的部分+that/whot其他部分，被强调的部分，只有指人是 才用who,所以此处应用that,故B项正确。 四、练习题 1.(2016)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hoted the coach picks up tourists. 2.（2017:全国I改错)The instructor kept repeating the words,.speed up, stow down,turning (eft. 3.(2018福建福州综合质量检测)And is Taiji that has he(ped her understand the vatue of going stowly. 4.(20l7:河地石家庄)No sooner(have)I9 ot to the station than the train Left. 5.(2017,江苏启东)I'm sure you'd rather she went to schoot by bus you? 6.(20l7:广东三校联考)It was not unti试dark he found what he thought was the correct way to sotve the problem. 124练习题答案 间状语从句，表示中的动作Tesearch,study,and talk to other people,一直延 续到until引导的从包所表达的时间才结束。 2.【答集】as或when 【解析】随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片， 根据句意和园子结构，可知空处引导状语从包，表示“随看”，或“当… 时”，故填as或when 有时候世界虽 3.【答集】Attho4gh/Tho4gh/While 然是假的，但 【解析】句意为，尽管乌类用羽毛飞行，但是他们的一些羽毛也是 并不缺少真心 有其他用途，根据包意可知，空处用Ath0ugh引导让步状语从匀，也可填 对待找们的 Though/White. 人。 4.【答襄】A(though./Though./While 【解析】包意为，虽然网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影 响并不全是积极的，此处W试e意为“虽然”引导让步状语从匀也可填 A(though/Though. 5.【答襄】where 【解析】句意为江苏位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，将对“一蒂一路” 的建设做出更多的贡献，where在此引导地点状语。 6.【答集】because 【解析】包意为，找非常喜欢听音乐，因为它舱帮助找放松，让找不 再去想一天中其他的烦心事，根据句意可知，这里应用because引导原因 状语从园，说明喜欢听音乐的原因。 九、特殊匀式 I.【答裹】that 【解析】包意为，你懂错地方了，教练是在旅馆接游容的，分析包子 结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，所以用that. 2.【答集】turning玫为turn 【解析】考查渭语动词，此处为祈使句，并和上文中的speed4p和 s(ow down并列，故把turning议为turn. 3.【答巢】t 【解祈】此处是强调句型，ts+被强调的成分+that+其他，所以填 it. 4.【答裹】had 【解析】句意为找一到站火车就启动了，no sooner...than…表示“一… 就““”，前面的主自通常使用过去完成时，后面的从包使用一般过去时， 如果将no sooner提到主语前，前面的主包要部分倒装，即had提到主包前， 251 名校学霸笔记英语 从句语序不变。 5.【答集】wou(dn't 【解析】在既有主包又有从包的时候，如果主句部分是I think.1 suppose,I'm sure,其反意疑问部分，要和从句的主语和渭语保特一致， 所以此处填wou(dn't. 6.【答集】that 【解析】凌题考查的是not unti认的强调匀式：t?as not unti+被强调 部分+that+其他，其中he found后面是要语从包，从包中what he thought 是what引导的主语从包。 十、阅读理解一一细节理解题练习题 【答象】 21.A 22.D 23.A 【解析】 21.细节理解恐，凌提问的是，如果你想去野营，你会选择哪项活动？ 22.细节理解总，该提问的是，学生们将在周二和W试s0n老师一起做 什么？ 23.推理判断忍，凌提问的是potty about potter这个活动将持续多久？ 十一、阅读理解一一主台大意题练习题 【答豪】 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.B 【解析1 36.细节理解题，凌提问的是马拉秘比赛前一个月作者怎么了？ 37.你判断题，该提问的是作者为什么提到她七岁时的体育课？根据 关键勾可推知，作者这么做是为了展示自乙确实没有运动天赋，故选C 38.细节理解毯，该提问的是作者第一次马拉松结果如何？根据关键 句可知作者坚持完成了马拉松地赛，并获得了一枚类章，吉他成功了，误 选A. 37,主旨大意题，凌提问的是，这篇文章主要告诉了找们什么，作者， 通过叙述他坚特带仿跑完马拉松，并在地赛中获得了奖章来启迪人们，不 要复限于世俗标签，坚持下去的人一定会取得成功，故选B. 252