精品解析：上海市复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension (1*10+1.5*10=25分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman would prefer to stay home this evening. B. The woman and the man have plans to dine out together. C. The man has changed his mind about the new restaurant. D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman for dinner. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A plane trip. B. A rental car. C. A hotel room. D. Concert tickets. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman needs to get a calendar. B. The calendar shows the wrong month. C The woman did not remember her appointment. D. The appointment must be changed to a different day. 4. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is not sure what is wrong with the car. B. The woman should continue driving. C. He forgot to make reservations. D. They will arrive late for dinner. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Their team nearly lost the game. B. Their team usually wins its games. C. She did not realize that their team had won. D. She called to find out the score of the game. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Tell Mary about the movie. B. Join him and Mary at the movie. C. Ask Mary what she is doing tonight. D. Invite a group of friends to go to the movie. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Professor Campbell changed the conference time. B. Professor Campbell will not attend the concert. C. He will stay until the conference is finished. D. He will wait for the woman. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The laundry is around the corner. B. She recently purchased liquid soap. C. She will buy some soap for the man. D. The man can buy liquid soap at the store. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It is very expensive. B. It is next to the Holiday Motel. C. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel. D. It is a little farther than the Holiday Motel. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Snow in October is unusual. B. Winter is her favorite season. C. She does not believe it will snow. D. Canadian winters are rather long. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. It is easier than thought. B. It needs a large sum of money. C. It is not what everyone can do. D. It requires no support from others. 12. A. It is a company managed by kids. B. It teaches kids how to start a business. C. It is intended to make kids more sociable. D. It discovers children who are born for business. 13. A. They will perform better academically. B. They will be more supportive at school. C. They will be better at dealing with failure. D. They will spend their own money more wisely. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. 17,897. B. 2,600. C. 355 million. D. 80. 15. A. They were created before 1948. B. They all feature Charlie Brown. C. They have been shrunk for this exhibition. D. They are larger than their publicized versions. 16. A. It’s the name that he gave his pet dog. B. It’s the name his mother chose for their dog. C. It’s the name of the dog that gave him inspiration. D. It’s the name of the character in his first comic strip. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. The architectural design of a new museum. B. The life of a well-known Canadian architect. C. The variety of museums in Washington, D. C. D. The changing function of the modern museum. 18. A. Both feature similar exhibits. B. Both are located in Washington, D. C. C. Both were built around a central square. D. Both were designed by the same architect. 19. A. A classical temple. B. A natural landscape. C. A well-known museum. D. A modern office building. 20. A. Traditional values of Native Americans. B. Traditional forms of classical architecture. C. Traditional views on the purpose of a museum. D. Traditional notions of respect for elected leaders. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (50分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 21. The first light of _______ crept over the hills, painting the sky in _______ of gold and rose. A. dawn; shades B. morning; shadows C. dusk; shades D. dawn; shadows 22. The drug is made to _______ people with diabetes but has become a craze among elite circles, with people beating a ______ to its door for its weight-loss properties. A. cure; road B. treat; path C. treat; road D. cure; path 23. His _______ appearance — tailored suits, polished manners — made the charge of violent assault seem almost surreal, like a bad translation of reality. A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected 24. We _______ in romanticizing overwork, but burnout is no trophy, and you are gravely mistaken if you deem trading well-being for a badge of honor a price _______ paying. A. persist; worth B. insist; worthy C. insist; worth D. persists; worthy 25. Startup founders rarely _______ to become relationship managers. But the moment you _______ building a company with someone else, you also start managing a high-stakes relationship under extreme stress. A. set about; commit in B. set out; commit in C. set out; commit to D. set about; commit to 26. Big Brother was not _______ a real person _______ a mythic _______, a face on posters and a voice on telescreens, designed to embody the Outer Party’s absolute control over every aspect of life in Oceania. A. too much ... as; characteristic B. too much ... as; figure C. so much ... as; characteristic; D. so much ... as; figure 27. ________ his childhood with aching precision, his memoir carries tremendous power in the ________ depiction of poverty: the single light bulb shared between rooms, the sound of an empty stomach. A. Having detailed; literary B. Detailing; literary C. Having detailed; literal D. Detailing; literal 28. Though once _______ twenty-seven years in prison, Nelson Mandela _______ much of his growth and achievement _______ his days living in that small cell, where he finally had the privilege to read and think, and left prison more informed than when he went in. A. sentenced for; owed ... for B. sentenced to; owed ... to C. sentenced to; owed ... for D. sentenced for; owed ... to 29. The activist group, named The North Atlantic Fella Organisation (NAFO), is _______ for combatting pro-Russia propaganda related to the Ukraine war. As 2024 nears, the group has now turned its attention to Trump’s social network, by launching a campaign to take over the _______ topics section on the website. A. recognized; trending B. known; trendy C. known; trending D. recognized; trendy 30. People usually put material in the bottom of a container to raise the soil’s water table. To reduce the risk of root rot, make sure the soil layer _______ several inches under the plant, keeping moisture _______ beneath the roots. A. extends; on hold B. expands; in place C. extends; in place D. expands; on hold 31. The recent COP28 agreement _______ disputes over climate reparations by establishing a “loss and damage” fund, yet developing nations argued that the allocated $700 million was merely _______ when compared to the actual costs of rising sea levels and extreme weather events. A. negotiated; performative B. settled; symbolic C. settled; performative D. negotiated; symbolic 32. Had it been performed in another era, where solemnity demanded solemnity in return, the music’s lightness _______ out of place. But here, though the setting was somber and the lyrics were often heavy, the music’s lightness _______ the performance with a sense of optimism. A. would have seemed; powered B. would seem; charged C. would have seemed; charged D. would seem; powered 33. The movie’s $35 premium ticket sparked outrage among budget-conscious moviegoers. However, its near-perfect 98% Rotten Tomatoes _______, backed up by glowing reviews praising its groundbreaking visuals and emotional depth, ultimately silenced _______ and justified the pricing. A. ranking; commentators B. ranking; critics C. rating; commentators D. rating; critics 34. Shakespeare’s radical _______ of gender in Twelfth Night, in which Viola disguises herself as a man, amplifies its themes via the literary _______ of dramatic irony, where the audience knows more than the characters, making the play both funny and moving. A. treatment; genre B. approach; device C. treatment; device D. approach; genre 35. The child star, _______ to a third-rate actor after struggling with drug addiction for a decade, confessed: “I was born with something that made people whisper ‘genius’, however I traded _______ for newspaper headlines”. A. reduced; fame B. limited; fame C. limited; talent D. reduced; talent 36. A 2024 OECD report confirms that people in _______ occupations have a lower life _______ —by an average of 5.2 years—compared to white-collar workers, citing exposure to toxins, physical strain, and limited healthcare access as key factors. A. skilled; expectancy B. manual; expectancy C. skilled; longevity D. manual; longevity 37. It is a _______ musical instrument, made of brass and _______ back to the nineteenth century. A. small charming French; dated B. small charming French; dating C. charming small French; dated D. charming small French; dating 38. The conductor’s choice to pair Mozart with jazz improvisation was a _______ of genius — the orchestra’s _______ enthusiasm blurred the lines between classical precision and spontaneous joy. A. source; intensive B. stroke; infectious C. source; infectious D. stroke; intensive 39. It is clear that there is _______ with the computer in the classroom. Technical failures such as frequent _______, slow processing speeds and unresponsive software disrupt teaching and learning badly. A. something wrong seriously; crashes B. something wrong seriously; crushes C. something seriously wrong; crushes D. something seriously wrong; crashes 40. During the peak of the summer season, the climatic disparity between Edinburgh and southern regions of the UK can result in a difference in temperature that is _______ nine degrees Celsius — a variation that underscores the nation’s pronounced geographical and meteorological _______. A. as much as; contrasts B. as high as; trends C. as high as; contrasts D. as much as; trends 41. — Have the children discovered the cave yet? — Yes! I’ve just read up to _______ they finally find it — hidden behind the waterfall, its walls glittering with those strange crystals you mentioned. A. which B. what C. that D. where 42. Helen, a mere laundry worker, spent decades scrubbing stains in a steamy basement and had always saved _______ to make her “dream fund” grow one wrinkled dollar at a time. A. what little she earned B. how little she earned C. for little she earned D. with little she earned 43. _______ for his unexpected invitation last week, I wouldn’t be standing here today, making small talks with this buzzing crowd of strangers who _______ come out for the special occasion — an unimaginable scenario for an introvert like me. A. Were it not; have B. Had it not been; has C. Were it not; has D. Had it not been; have 44. In recent years, with growing environmental awareness, people have started recycling various materials like paper, plastic and glass — items which they _______ away without a second thought in the past. A. had thrown B. would be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 45. The general emphasized that precautions were non-negotiable during the chemical weapons drill and he commanded that all personnel_______ full protective gear to avoid the potentially lethal consequences. A. wear B. had worn C. wore D. would be wearing 46. Sarah stared at the finished puzzle in disbelief — all the edge pieces were perfectly connected, but the center section was entirely blank. She _______ such a careless oversight while assembling it. A. couldn’t have made B. shouldn’t make C. mustn’t have made D. wouldn’t have made 47. Science thrives when statistics _______ politics, but when extreme politics _______ statistics, both truth and democracy suffer. A. guide; dictate B. guides; dictate C. guide; dictates D. guides; dictates 48. Many a student in the class ____ that Jack is the only one of the students who ____ the chance to attend a key university. A. thinks; has B. think; have C. think; has D. thinks; have 49. Following days of violent protests and looting in downtown Los Angeles, officials now warn that law and order _______ across the region, with police _______ stretched thin, local businesses boarding up storefronts, and emergency declarations being considered to curb the escalating chaos. A. has deteriorated; resources B. have deteriorated; resources C. has deteriorated; sources D. have deteriorated; sources 50. The remains of my New Year’s resolutions _______ dusty gym clothes, and what remains of my ambition _______ this half-eaten bag of chips. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit, social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand ____51____ (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters ____52____ be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of ____53____, others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? ____54____ ____55____ the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — ____56____ initial studies and sketches to the final, ____57____ (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts ____58____ the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the ____59____ (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential ____60____ (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights ____61____ otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A. spanning B. condition C. mute D. bridging E. fascinated F. current G. intended H. pioneer I. novel J. wake K. dawn Sakamoto Ryuichi, who died on March 28th after a long battle with cancer, once described his musical method thus: “I open my ears to the world.” But what Mr. Sakamoto heard, few others could. As a member of the Japanese techno-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra, he helped ____62____ modern electronic music. His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world, testimony to the influence of his genre- ____63____ career. Mr. Sakamoto was born in Tokyo in 1952 and took to music early. He graduated from one of Tokyo’s top conservatories, where he studied Western classical music, becoming especially ____64____ by Claude Debussy. There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa. Early in his career, Mr. Sakamoto trained his ears on the sound of technology. Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), a group he formed in 1978 alongside Hosono Haruomi and Takahashi Yukihiro, used synthesizers in instrumental songs ____65____ for dancing — a ____66____ combination at the time. “Errors or noises absorb me and I wonder if a new cultural ____67____ could emerge from this deficiency,” YMO’s success made Mr. Sakamoto a star in Japan, leading to a role opposite David Bowie in Oshima Nagisa’s 1983 film “Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence”. Mr. Sakamoto agreed to act in the movie on ____68____ that he could score (配乐) it. His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan, propelled him to global fame — and established him as an artist ____69____ east and west. Unusually for a Japanese musician, Mr. Sakamoto used his fame to speak out on social and political issues, including environmental preservation and the oppression of Okinawans. Nuclear power was a particular problem. “They know nuclear power is unnecessary and dangerous,” he railed in an interview in 2006, five years before an earthquake and tsunami rocked north-east Japan and triggered a nuclear meltdown in Fukushima. In the ____70____ of the disaster, Mr. Sakamoto travelled often to the region to support local residents. In 2014 a first cancer diagnosis shook Mr. Sakamoto’s life. But even that could not ____71____ his longing to hear more. The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”. In “Coda”, a documentary about Mr. Sakamoto released two years later, he can be seen traversing the North Pole and dropping microphones underneath the ice. “I’m fishing the sound,” he says, grinning at the camera, before declaring his catch “the purest I’ve ever heard”. III. Reading Comprehension (1*15 + 2*15 = 45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has ____72____ people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame ____73____. Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to ____74____ youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more ____75____ than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that ____76____ her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people ____77____ later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they ____78____ that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be ____79____ different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly ____80____ to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those ____81____ to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual ____82____, but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their ____83____ work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of ____84____, trying this and trying that, a slow process of ____85____ and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into ____86____. 72. A. united B. sorted C. engaged D. labeled 73. A. overnight B. by chance C. late in life D. at an early age 74. A. marvel B. glorify C. document D. approve 75. A. consequential B. predictable C. respectful D. conclusive 76. A. deserved B. restored C. saved D. established 77. A. bounce back B. hit their peak C. turn over a new leaf D. come into play 78. A. draw B. master C. possess D. lack 79. A. qualitatively B. tremendously C. initially D. distinctly 80. A. subject B. essential C. equivalent D. invisible 81. A. indifferent B. superior C. close D. familiar 82. A. boomers B. seekers C. models D. geniuses 83. A. finished B. worthwhile C. individual D. intellectual 84 A. ebb and flow B. trial and error C. think and act D. hit and miss 85. A. evolution B. accumulation C. progression D. exploitation 86. A. dragons B. phoenixes C. swans D. peacocks Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Do you like the thick brush strokes and soft color palettes of an impressionist painting such as those by Claude Monet? Or do you prefer the bold colors and abstract shapes of a Rothko? Individual art tastes have a certain mystique to them, but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like. The new study asked more than 1,500 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences. The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art. “The main point is that we are gaining an insight into the mechanism that people use to make aesthetic judgments,” says O’Doherty, a neuroscientist in the team. In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features—traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color—as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still. The computer program then estimates how much a specific feature is taken into account when making a decision about how much to like a particular piece of art. Both features are combined when making these decisions. Once the computer has estimated that, then it can successfully predict a person’s liking for another previously unseen piece of art. The researchers also discovered that the volunteers tended to cluster into three general categories: those who like paintings with real-life objects, such as an impressionist painting; those who like colorful abstract paintings; and those who like complex paintings, such as Picasso’s cubist portraits. The majority of people fell into the first “real-life object” category. While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.” 87. What was the main purpose of the Caltech study mentioned in the passage? A. To examine why people have different tastes in paintings. B. To compare different painting styles like impressionism and cubism. C. To prove that computers can create better art than humans. D. To determine the accuracy of computers’ prediction of art preferences. 88. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “high-level features” in the study? A. They were ignored by the computer program in the study. B. They involve subjective judgment. C. They are less accurate than low-level features in predicting preferences. D. They are easily quantifiable by machines. 89. The word “idiosyncratic” in the last paragraph most closely means A. vital B. predictable C. individual D. complex 90. Based on the passage, what is the likely next step for this research? A. Teaching computers to paint original artwork. B. Incorporating additional personal data into the prediction model. C. Eliminating the use of low-level features in predictions. D. Focusing mainly on impressionist paintings. (B) The Met High School Internship Program The Met High School Internship Program offers paid opportunities for students who are two to three years from graduating high school in New York City. This program allows students to connect with art, museums, and creative professionals as they develop professional skills, network, and gain work experience. How to Apply The application requires: A completed application form Short essay responses One letter of recommendation from a teacher, school administrator, or another adult who is not related to you and can write about why you would be a great intern for The Met. What Does a School-Year High School Intern Do at The Met? The internship consists of: Bootcamp: Eight hours of trainings and workshops to prepare interns for the internship. Departmental placements: Each intern spends 40 hours of the internship observing and being supervised and mentored by a staff member in one of the Museum’s departments. The placement is chosen according to the intern’s interests and experience. Career Labs: Curators (策展人), educators, designers, conservators, and other staff discuss their professional paths and roles at the Museum and lead workshops that help interns try out an element of their work. Teens Take The Met: Met High School interns come together to work The Met's big spring teen night, when teens drop in for numerous activities across the Museum, including art making, performances, music, and more. Interns help with wayfinding, assisting partners and teens with check-in, event coverage via social media, and facilitating various art-making activities. In addition, they help by preparing and sorting art-making materials or creating teen-inspired posters. Who Can Apply? Any student who: is in grade 10 or 11 and either resides in or attends a high school or home school in New York City; has not completed another paid or unpaid internship at The Met; is available to attend all sessions of the internship program. Connect your career interests with art and careers at the Museum. You don’t need prior experience or specific knowledge of art or art history to apply — just a desire and commitment to bridge your passions to the diverse career opportunities and art at The Met! 91 Who is the most qualified to write a recommendation letter for the applicant? A. A former Met intern who participated in the program last year. B. The applicant's cousin who works as a museum curator. C. A supervisor from the applicant’s previous internship program. D. The applicant's classmate who just won the school Art Design Contest. 92. Which activity in the internship program specifically requires interns to demonstrate communication skills? A. Bootcamp B. Departmental placements C. Career Labs D. Teens Take The Met! 93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a goal of The Met High School Internship Program? A. Building connections with creative professionals. B. Enhancing students’ academic performance in school. C. Providing hands-on work experience in museum settings. D. Facilitating career networking opportunities. (C) It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide. There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 94. The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A. identical meals produce identical bodily responses B. the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C. continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D. hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 95. The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A. inherited genetic defects B. environmental toxin exposure C. random DNA replication error D. terrible food choices 96. Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A. overemphasizing trivial biological data B. neglecting fundamental health principles C. rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D. underestimating genetic factors 97. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B. Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C. More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D. Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “____98____,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. ____99____ “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. ____100____ The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. ____101____ There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A. This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B. The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C. I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D. Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E. While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F. Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 102. 还没有将锻炼纳入日常生活的一部分就先花大钱购买运动装备是人们的通病。(typical, commit) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 103. 深色食物富含人体必需营养物质，是保持身材和维持长期健康的理想选择。(source, option）（汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 104. 尽管饱受疲惫之苦，她仍时常伏案工作，并充满热忱地谈及博览群书和保持自律的重要性。 （suffer；occupy）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 105. 作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。（further; award；empower）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ V. Writing (15分) 106. As the chief editor of your school newspaper, you received a letter from one of the students, seeking advice on a sleep-related issue. Read the letter, and give your reply. Dear Editor, I’m writing because I’ve been struggling with poor sleep lately, and it’s starting to affect my schoolwork and mood. Most nights, I find it hard to fall asleep, even when I’m tired. By morning, I feel exhausted, and it’s hard to focus in class. Could you help me? I’d really appreciate some tips. Thank you very much! Elisa Directions: Write a letter of 200 words to offer advice on how to solve the problem mentioned by Elisa. Your reply should include: A clear description of the problem that Elisa encountered; A reasonable analysis of possible causes of the problem; Some feasible solutions to the problem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$One listening comprehension section a short conversations directions. In section a, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said, the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once after you hear a conversation and the question about IT, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you've heard. When you are a little late, I was beginning to think you'd forgotten about having dinner with me. Oh, come on, how could you think that I told you I really wanted to try that new restaurant tonight? Question, what can be learned from the conversation? Two, hello, yes. I'd like to make a reservation for one round trip new york to boston, leaving this saturday and returning sunday the very next day. I can do that for you. We have several flights daily taking up from gordian and landing at logan. When do you wish to depart? Question, what are the two speakers mainly talking about? Three, hey, barba, check your calendar here. Don't you know it's february ary? Oh, did I forget to change . IT question? What can we learn from the conversation? Or the car is overheating again, I am going to have to pull over. I guess we can forget about making IT to the restaurant in time for our reservation question. What does the man mean? Five, I can't believe our basketball team won the game in the last five seconds. IT was a close call, though wasn't IT . question. What does the woman mean? Six, i'll be really interested here in that film you and mary are going to see tonight. IT sounds really good. Why don't you come along and see for yourself? Question, what does the man suggest the woman do? Seven, we need to leave for the concert no later than three o'clock. What time is your conference over? I'm not sure it's up to professor cambell, but if i'm not back by two forty five, go ahead without me. Question, what does the man mean? Eight, hi, um sorry to interrupt your steady group, but can I borrow some liquid soap? I'm all . out me too, but I know that they sell some at the store around the corner. Question, what does the woman mean? Nine part of me. Could you tell me if the holiday motel is near here? Uh, not too far, but you might want to consider the first class in is right around the corner. And it's much Better question. What does the man imply about the first class in. Ten, Jenny, listen to this. It's only october twenty first, and it's supposed to snow today. That must be why the people here in canada say there are only two seasons this winter and next winter. Question, what does the woman mean? Section b directions in section b, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation, the passengers and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you've heard. Questions eleven through thirteen are based on the following talk. When you look into the future, do you see yourself working for someone else or owning your own company? You might expect most people to look for jobs once they finish their studies, but research shows that that more people in the U. K. Than ever before want to become entrepreneurs. And entrepreneur is someone who sets up their own business, hoping to make a profit from IT. The best thing about starting a business is that it's much less scary than that sounds. Virtually anyone can do IT. All you need is a good idea, a bit of support in some money to start off one company that helps kids get started on their own business. Adventures is Young enterprise, which has a range of competitions and chAllenges to motivate and inspire you. Becoming an entrepreneur is an exciting and fun way for Young people to make friends and learn how to work together in teams, says alison Colinton from Young enterprise, being entrepreneurial can help unlock Young people's potential and discover their skills. When running their business, Young people will face failures and need to learn how to keep going. They'll need to develop the confidence to talk to people and convince them to buy their products. They'll need to keep on top of their costs in any profit they make. This can be a fun in different way to learn and develop skills, flexibility and problem solving using real money within a supported learning environment. Now listen again. When you look into the future, do you see yourself working for someone else or owning your own company? You might expect most people to look for jobs once they finish their studies, but research shows that more people in the U. K. Than ever before, want to become entrepreneurs and entrepreneur. R is someone who sets up their own business, hoping to make a profit from IT. The best thing about starting a business is that it's much less scary than that sounds. Virtually anyone can do IT. All you need is a good idea, a bit of support in some money to start off one company that helps kids get started on their own business. Adventures is Young enterprise, which has a range of competitions and chAllenges to motivate and inspire you. Becoming an entrepreneur is an exciting and fun way for Young people to make friends and learn how to work together in teams, says alison Colinton. From Young enterprise, being entrepreneurs can help unlock Young people's potential and discover their skills. When running their business, Young people will face failures and need to learn how to keep going. They'll need to develop the confidence to talk to people and convince them to buy their products. They'll need to keep on top of their costs in any profit they make. This can be a fun and different way to learn and develop skills, flexibility and problem solving using real money within a supported learning environment. Questions eleven, what does the speaker say about starting a business? Twelve, what can be learned about Young enterprise from the talk? Thirteen, according to alison Colinton, how can running a business help kids? Questions fourteen through sixteen are based on the following passage. One of the world's most popular and influential comic strips, peanuts, is the subject of an exhibition at summerset house in london this autumn. Stein, popular characters such as snoopy, charlie Brown and Lucy. The comic was created by cartoonist Charles and shorts and ran daily from one thousand nine and fifty until two thousand. A total of seventy thousand eight hundred ninety seven comics trips were eventually produced at the height of its pain. IT appeared in two thousand six hundred newspapers and more than three hundred fifty five million people across the world reit. The exhibition features eighty original hand drone strips showcased in their original size. They were drawn large then chunk for publication, so visitors can admire the artwork in detail. The show also celebrates the seventeen th anniversary of charlie Brown, who first appeared in when the shoulder z earlier comic strips. Schultz started drawing comics after his father paid for him to take an art course while he was at school. In one thousand hundred and forty eight, he created a comic strip about children called leo folks after he made a few changes, he was certain newspapers across the world under a new title, peanuts. Snoopy is the most famous character in peanuts and was inspired by shutters. Pet, a mixed breed dog called Spike shot, chose the name's snoopy because his mother had said to him before he died that if they ever got another dog that's the name SHE would give IT. Now listen again. One of the world's most popular and influential comic strips, peanuts, is the subject of an exhibition at summerset house in london this autumn. Stein, popular characters such as snowberry, charlie Brown and Lucy. The comic was created by cartoonist Charles and shorts and ran daily from one thousand hundred and fifty until two thousand. A total of seventeen thousand eight hundred ninety seven comics strips were eventually produced at the height of its fame. IT appeared in two thousand six hundred newspapers and more than three hundred fifty five million people across the world, right IT. The exhibition features eighty original hand drawn strips showcased in their original size. They were drawn large then shunk for publication, so visitors can admire the artwork in detail. The show also celebrates the seventeen th anniversary of charlie Brown, who first appeared in one of shuttles earlier comic strips. Schultz started drawing comics after his father paid for him to take an art course while he was at school. In one thousand hundred and forty eight, he created a comic strip about children called little folks. After he made a few changes, he was certain newspapers across the world under a new title, peanuts. Snoopy is the most famous character in peanuts and was inspired by shoulder Z. A mixed breed dog called Spike shot chose the name's snoopy because his mother had said to him before he died that if they ever got another dog that's the name SHE would . give IT questions. Fourteen, how many comic strips were eventually produced in terms of peanuts? Fifteen, what can be learned about the strips showcased in the exhibition? Sixteen, why did shots call the most famous character in peanuts snoop Y? Questions seventeen through twenty are based on the following conversation. I think i've finally decided what to write about in my paper is a new museum in washington, D. C. Really, I picked the museum to a science museum up in canada. IT looks sort of like a . spaceship I read about that. I was built about twenty years ago, I think, by the same architect who designed the building. I'm interested in Douglas smith. That's him. But I can't imagine Smith designing anything in the traditional classical style. Well, this new structure has to fit in with the architecture of the surrounding buildings, but its style is anything but traditional. I don't mean that it's one of those big glass boxes they call modern architecture. Though this build has rounded free farm shapes and sweeping curves. IT is supposed to represent the natural forms like the kenyan clifts in the western states, rock formations that were shaped by water and the . wind sounds fantastic. But I wonder why that sort of style would be chosen for a building in washington, D. C. That's easy. This place is called the national museum of american indian, and it's devoted to exhibits of native american cultures, including those of the west. And for smith, this is his own family treasure, too. In in designing this museum, he was careful to respect the various native american values in traditions like paying attention to the directions of wins in the position of the sun in different seasons of the year. Wow, a non traditional building designed to showcase some of north americans. All these traditions. interesting. Now listen again. I think i've finally decided what to write about in my paper is a new museum in washington, D. C. really. I picked the museum to a science museum up in canada. IT looks sort of like a spaceship. I read about that. I was built about twenty years ago, I think, by the same architect who designed the building. I'm interested in Douglas smith. That's him. But I can't imagine Smith designing anything in the traditional classical style. Well, this new structure has to fit in with the architecture of the surrounding buildings, but its style is anything but traditional. I don't mean that it's one of those big glass boxes they call modern architecture, though this build has rounded free farm shapes and sweeping curves. IT is supposed to represent the natural forms like the kenyon clifts in the western states. Rock formations that were shaped by water and the . wind sounds fantastic. But I wonder why that sort of style would be chosen for a building in washington, D. C. That's easy. This place is called the national museum of american indian, and it's devoted to exhibits of native american cultures, including those of the west. And for smith, this is his own family treasure, too. In in designing this museum, he was careful to respect the various native american values in traditions like paying attention to the directions of winds in the position of the sun in different seasons of the year. Wow, a non traditional building designed to showcase some of north americans all these traditions. Interesting . questions. Seventeen, what is the conversation mainly about. Eighteen, what do the two museums mentioned in the conversations have in common? Nineteen, what did Douglas Smith design the new building to look like? Twenty, what kind of traditions are represented in smyth's new building? That's the end of listening . comprehension. 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分） I. Listening Comprehension (1*10+1.5*10=25分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman would prefer to stay home this evening. B. The woman and the man have plans to dine out together. C. The man has changed his mind about the new restaurant. D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman for dinner. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: You are a little late. I was beginning to think that you’d forgotten about having dinner with me. M: Oh come on, how could you think that? I told you I really wanted to try that new restaurant tonight. Q: What can be learned from the conversation? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A plane trip. B. A rental car. C. A hotel room. D. Concert tickets. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hello? Yes, I’d like to make a reservation for one round trip, New York to Boston, leaving this Saturday and returning Sunday the very next day. W: I can do that for you. We have several flights daily taking off from Gordian and landing at Logan. When did you wish to depart? Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The woman needs to get a calendar. B. The calendar shows the wrong month. C. The woman did not remember her appointment. D. The appointment must be changed to a different day. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Hey Barbara, check your calendar here. Don’t you know it’s February? W: Oh did I forget to change it? Q: What can be learned from the conversation? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. He is not sure what is wrong with the car. B. The woman should continue driving. C. He forgot to make reservations. D. They will arrive late for dinner. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: The car is overheating again. I am going to have to pull over. M: I guess we can forget about making it to the restaurant in time for our reservation. Q: What does the man mean? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Their team nearly lost the game. B. Their team usually wins its games. C. She did not realize that their team had won. D. She called to find out the score of the game. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: I can’t believe our basketball team won the game in the last five seconds. W: It was a close call, though. Wasn’t it? Q: What does the woman mean? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Tell Mary about the movie. B. Join him and Mary at the movie. C. Ask Mary what she is doing tonight. D. Invite a group of friends to go to the movie. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I’ll be really interested here in that film you and Mary are going to see tonight. It sounds really good. M: Why don’t you come along and see for yourself? Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Professor Campbell changed the conference time. B. Professor Campbell will not attend the concert. C. He will stay until the conference is finished. D. He will wait for the woman. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: We need to leave for the concert no later than 3 o’clock. What time is your conference over? M: I’m not sure, it’s up to Professor Campbell. But if I’m not back by 2:45, go ahead without me. Q: What does the man mean? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The laundry is around the corner. B. She recently purchased liquid soap. C. She will buy some soap for the man. D. The man can buy liquid soap at the store. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, uh, sorry to interrupt your study group, but can I borrow some liquid soap? I’m all out. W: Me too. But I know that they sell some at the store around the corner. Q: What does the woman mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It is very expensive. B. It is next to the Holiday Motel. C. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel. D. It is a little farther than the Holiday Motel. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Pardon me, could you tell me if the Holiday Motel is near here? M: Uh, not too far. But you might want to consider the First Class Inn. It’s right around the corner, and it’s much better. Q: What does the man imply about the First Class Inn? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Snow in October is unusual. B. Winter is her favorite season. C. She does not believe it will snow. D. Canadian winters are rather long. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Jennie, listen to this. It’s only October 21st, and it’s supposed to snow today. W: That must be why the people here in Canada say that there are only two seasons: this winter and next winter. Q: What does the woman mean? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. It is easier than thought. B. It needs a large sum of money. C. It is not what everyone can do. D. It requires no support from others. 12. A. It is a company managed by kids. B. It teaches kids how to start a business. C. It is intended to make kids more sociable. D. It discovers children who are born for business. 13. A. They will perform better academically. B. They will be more supportive at school. C. They will be better at dealing with failure. D. They will spend their own money more wisely. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 【解析】 【原文】When you look into the future, do you see yourself working for someone else or owning your own company? You might expect most people to look for jobs once they finish their studies, but research shows that more people in the UK than ever before want to become entrepreneurs. An entrepreneur is someone who sets up their own business, hoping to make a profit from it. The best thing about starting a business is that it’s much less scary than it sounds. Virtually anyone can do it; all you need is a good idea, a bit of support and some money to start off. One company that helps kids get started on their own business adventures is Young Enterprise, which has a range of competitions and challenges to motivate and inspire you. “Becoming an entrepreneur is an exciting and fun way for young people to make friends and learn how to work together in teams,” says Alison Collington from Young Enterprise. “Being entrepreneurial can help unlock young people’s potential and discover their skills. When running their business, young people will face failures and need to learn how to keep going. They’ll need to develop the confidence to talk to people and convince them to buy their products. They’ll need to keep on top of their costs and any profit they make. This can be a fun and different way to learn and develop skills, flexibility and problem-solving, using real money within a supported learning environment.” Questions 11.What does the speaker say about starting a business? 12.What can be learned about Young Enterprise from the talk? 13.According to Alison Collington, how can running a business help kids? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. 17,897. B. 2,600. C. 355 million. D. 80. 15. A. They were created before 1948. B. They all feature Charlie Brown. C. They have been shrunk for this exhibition. D. They are larger than their publicized versions. 16. A. It’s the name that he gave his pet dog. B. It’s the name his mother chose for their dog. C. It’s the name of the dog that gave him inspiration. D. It’s the name of the character in his first comic strip. 【答案】14. A 15. D 16. B 【解析】 【原文】M: One of the world’s most popular and influential comic strips, Peanuts is the subject of an exhibition at Somerset House in London this autumn, starring popular characters such as Snoopy, Charlie Brown and Lucy. The comic was created by cartoonist Charles M. Schulz and ran daily from 1950 until 2000; a total of 17,897 comic strips were eventually produced. At the height of its fame, it appeared in 2,600 newspapers, and more than 355 million people across the world read it. The exhibition features 80 original hand-drawn strips showcased in their original size (they were drawn large, then shrunk for publication), so visitors can admire the artwork in detail. The show also celebrates the 70th anniversary of Charlie Brown, who first appeared in one of Schulz’s earlier comic strips. Schulz started drawing comics after his father paid for him to take an art course while he was at school. In 1948, he created a comic strip about children called Li’l Folks. After he made a few changes it was sold to newspapers across the world under a new title: Peanuts. Snoopy is the most famous character in Peanuts, and was inspired by Schulz’s pet, a mixed-breed dog called Spike. Schulz chose the name Snoopy because his mother had said to him before she died that if they ever got another dog that’s the name she would give it. Questions: 14. How many comic strips were eventually produced in terms of Peanuts? 15. What can be learned about the strips showcased in the exhibition? 16. Why did Schulz call the most famous character in Peanuts Snoopy? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. The architectural design of a new museum. B. The life of a well-known Canadian architect. C. The variety of museums in Washington, D. C. D. The changing function of the modern museum. 18. A. Both feature similar exhibits. B. Both are located in Washington, D. C. C. Both were built around a central square. D. Both were designed by the same architect. 19. A. A classical temple. B. A natural landscape. C. A well-known museum. D. A modern office building. 20. A. Traditional values of Native Americans. B. Traditional forms of classical architecture. C. Traditional views on the purpose of a museum. D. Traditional notions of respect for elected leaders. 【答案】17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】W: I think I’ve finally decided what to write about in my paper. It’s a new museum in Washington D.C. M: Really? I picked a museum too, a science museum up in Canada. It looks sort of like spaceship. W: I read about that. It was built about 20 years ago, I think, by the same architect who designed the building I’m interested in. Douglas Smith. M: That’s him! But I can’t imagine Smith designing anything in the traditional classical style. W: Well, this new structure has to fit in with the architecture of the surrounding buildings, but its style is anything but traditional. I don’t mean that it’s one of those big glass boxes they call modern architecture though. This build has rounded free form shapes and sweeping curves. It is supposed to represent the natural forms like the Canyon cliffs in the western states, rock formations that were shaped by water and the wind. M: Sounds fantastic. But I wonder why that sort of style would be chosen for a building in Washington D.C. W: That’s easy. This place is called the National Museum of American Indian. And it’s devoted to exhibits of Native American cultures, including those of the west. And for Smith this is his own family treasure too. And in designing this museum he was careful to respect the various Native American values and traditions, like paying attention to the directions of winds and the position of the sun in different seasons of the year. M: Wow, a non-traditional building, designed to showcase some of North American’s oldest traditions. Interesting! Questions What is the conversation mainly about? What do the two museums mentioned in the conversations have in common? What did Douglas Smith design the new building to look like? What kinds of traditions are represented in Smith’s new building? II. Grammar and Vocabulary (50分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 21. The first light of _______ crept over the hills, painting the sky in _______ of gold and rose. A. dawn; shades B. morning; shadows C. dusk; shades D. dawn; shadows 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一缕晨光爬过山丘，把天空染成金色和玫瑰色。A. dawn黎明；shades色度，深浅；B. morning早晨；shadows阴影；C. dusk黄昏；shades色度，深浅；D. dawn黎明；shadows阴影。“The first light”指“第一缕光线”，对应一天中黎明（dawn）时分，而morning范围比较广；“shades”表示“（颜色的）浓淡、深浅”，符合天空被霞光染色的场景，而“shadows”意为“阴影”，与“gold and rose”（明亮的色彩）矛盾。故选A。 22. The drug is made to _______ people with diabetes but has become a craze among elite circles, with people beating a ______ to its door for its weight-loss properties. A. cure; road B. treat; path C. treat; road D. cure; path 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：这种药物是用来治疗糖尿病患者的，但在精英阶层中已经成为一种狂热，人们因其减肥功效而蜂拥而至。A. cure; road治愈、治好(病人或动物)；道路；B. treat; path治疗；路径；C. treat; road治疗；道路；D. cure; path治愈、治好(病人或动物)；路径。treat不强调彻底根治，cure指完全消除疾病，但糖尿病目前无法根治，且后文提到该药因减肥功效走红，暗示其并非根治药物；beat a path to one’s door (蜂拥而至)，强调因需求旺盛而人群主动踏出小路（path 指踩踏形成的小径），而road指人为修建的宽阔道路。故选B项。 23. His _______ appearance — tailored suits, polished manners — made the charge of violent assault seem almost surreal, like a bad translation of reality. A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respected 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他体面的外表——剪裁考究的西装、优雅的举止——让他对暴力袭击的指控显得近乎超现实，就像对现实的糟糕解读。A. respectful恭敬的，表示尊敬的；B. respectable体面的，值得尊敬的，正派的；C. respective各自的，分别的；D. respected受尊敬的。根据后文和句意可知，此处为形容词respectable“体面的，值得尊敬的，正派的”作定语修饰appearance，满足句意要求。故选B项。 24. We _______ in romanticizing overwork, but burnout is no trophy, and you are gravely mistaken if you deem trading well-being for a badge of honor a price _______ paying. A. persist; worth B. insist; worthy C. insist; worth D. persists; worthy 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们坚持把过度工作浪漫化，但精疲力竭并不是战利品，如果你认为用幸福换取荣誉徽章是值得付出的代价，那你就大错特错了。A. persist坚持；worth值得的；B. insist坚决主张；worthy值得的；C. insist坚决主张；worth值得的；D. persists坚持；worthy值得的。由“in romanticizing overwork”可知，第一空所在句子表示“我们坚持把过度工作浪漫化”，空格处意为“坚持”，we是复数，时态是一般现在时，第一空用原形；由第二空后的paying可知，第二空用worth，worthy要和of连用，故选A。 25. Startup founders rarely _______ to become relationship managers. But the moment you _______ building a company with someone else, you also start managing a high-stakes relationship under extreme stress. A. set about; commit in B. set out; commit in C. set out; commit to D. set about; commit to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：初创公司的创始人很少打算成为关系经理。但当你承诺与他人建立公司的那一刻，你也开始在极端压力下管理一段高风险的关系。set about doing sth. (着手/开始做某事)，set out to do sth. (开始做某事)，commit in非标准短语，commit to (承诺)符合句意。故选C项。 26. Big Brother was not _______ a real person _______ a mythic _______, a face on posters and a voice on telescreens, designed to embody the Outer Party’s absolute control over every aspect of life in Oceania. A. too much ... as; characteristic B. too much ... as; figure C. so much ... as; characteristic; D. so much ... as; figure 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和名词词义辨析。句意：与其说老大哥是一个真实的人，不如说他是一个神话般的人物，海报上的一张脸，电幕上的一个声音，旨在体现外党对大洋洲生活各个方面的绝对控制。not so much A as B (与其说是A，不如说是B)，characteristic (特征)，figure (人物)，figure在句中作表语，与a real person呼应，意为“人物”。故选D项。 27. ________ his childhood with aching precision, his memoir carries tremendous power in the ________ depiction of poverty: the single light bulb shared between rooms, the sound of an empty stomach. A. Having detailed; literary B. Detailing; literary C. Having detailed; literal D. Detailing; literal 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：他在回忆录中以令人痛心的精确细节描绘了自己的童年，在字里行间对贫困进行了极具力量的直白刻画：房间共用的那盏孤零零的灯泡，以及空空如也的胃部发出的声响。句中谓语是carries，第一空用非谓语动词，his memoir和detail之间是主谓关系，且表伴随，因此第一空用现在分词表主动，作状语，不强调动作先于主句，填Detailing；literary意为“文学的”，literal意为“逐字的，写实的”，由“the single light bulb shared between rooms, the sound of an empty stomach”可知，此处是指对贫困的写实的描写，第二空意为“写实的”，故选D。 28. Though once _______ twenty-seven years in prison, Nelson Mandela _______ much of his growth and achievement _______ his days living in that small cell, where he finally had the privilege to read and think, and left prison more informed than when he went in. A. sentenced for; owed ... for B. sentenced to; owed ... to C. sentenced to; owed ... for D. sentenced for; owed ... to 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管纳尔逊·曼德拉曾被判处27年监禁，但他的成长和成就在很大程度上归功于他在那个小牢房里的日子，在那里他终于有了阅读和思考的特权，离开监狱时比入狱时更了解情况。sentence sb. to + 时间 (判处某人……刑期)，其被动为be sentenced to + 时间 (被判处……刑期)，owe ... to (把……归功于)，sentence/owe for是错误搭配。故选B项。 29. The activist group, named The North Atlantic Fella Organisation (NAFO), is _______ for combatting pro-Russia propaganda related to the Ukraine war. As 2024 nears, the group has now turned its attention to Trump’s social network, by launching a campaign to take over the _______ topics section on the website. A. recognized; trending B. known; trendy C. known; trending D. recognized; trendy 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和形容词辨析。句意：这个名为北大西洋伙伴组织（NAFO）的活动团体以对抗与俄乌战争相关的亲俄宣传而闻名。随着2024年临近，该组织现在将注意力转向特朗普的社交网络，发起了一场接管该网站热门话题板块的运动。分析句子可知，第一空应用be known for，为固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”，强调某事物因特定行为或特点被熟知，符合语境，be recognized for虽也可表示 “因……被认可”，但更侧重“因成就或贡献获得官方或权威认可”，而此处并非强调“认可”；第二空应填trending，为形容词，意为“流行的；热门的”，“trending topics” 是固定搭配，指社交媒体上当前热度高、讨论量大的话题板块，符合语境。而trendy也表示 “时髦的”，但更侧重 “符合时尚潮流、受追捧的（如服饰、风格等）”不符合语境。故选C项。 30. People usually put material in the bottom of a container to raise the soil’s water table. To reduce the risk of root rot, make sure the soil layer _______ several inches under the plant, keeping moisture _______ beneath the roots. A. extends; on hold B. expands; in place C. extends; in place D. expands; on hold 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义和介词短语辨析。句意：人们通常在容器底部放置材料来提高土壤的地下水位。为了降低根腐病的风险，确保土壤层在植物下方延伸几英寸，保持水分在根部下方固定。extend (延伸)，expand (扩张（体积或面积）)，on hold (暂停、搁置)，in place (在适当位置)，句子强调土壤层深度的线性延伸，应用extends，in place强调位置稳定，避免根部积水腐烂。故选C项。 31. The recent COP28 agreement _______ disputes over climate reparations by establishing a “loss and damage” fund, yet developing nations argued that the allocated $700 million was merely _______ when compared to the actual costs of rising sea levels and extreme weather events. A. negotiated; performative B. settled; symbolic C. settled; performative D. negotiated; symbolic 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：最近达成的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第二十八次缔约方大会（COP28）协议通过设立“损失与损害”基金解决了气候赔偿方面的争议，然而，发展中国家认为，与海平面上升和极端天气事件造成的实际成本相比，所分配的7亿美元资金仅仅是象征性的。A. negotiated协商；performative富有表现力的；B. settled解决；symbolic有象征意义的；C. settled解决；performative富有表现力的；D. negotiated协商；symbolic有象征意义的。由agreement和disputes over climate reparations可知，协议解决气候赔偿方面的争议，第一空意为“解决”；由“when compared to the actual costs of rising sea levels and extreme weather events”可知，与海平面上升和极端天气事件造成的实际成本相比，所分配的7亿美元资金仅仅是象征性的，第二空意为“有象征意义的”。故选B。 32. Had it been performed in another era, where solemnity demanded solemnity in return, the music’s lightness _______ out of place. But here, though the setting was somber and the lyrics were often heavy, the music’s lightness _______ the performance with a sense of optimism. A. would have seemed; powered B. would seem; charged C. would have seemed; charged D. would seem; powered 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词词义辨析。句意：如果在另一个时代演奏，那个时代庄重要求有与之对应的庄重，那么这首音乐的轻快风格就会显得格格不入。但在这里，尽管场景忧郁，歌词也常常沉重，但音乐的轻快风格给演出注入了一种乐观的感觉。第一空处，“Had been performed in another era”是省略了“if”的虚拟条件句，其完整形式是“If it had been performed in another era”，其中使用了过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反的假设，与之相应的主句要用“would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词”的形式，故“would have seemed”符合这一虚拟语气的结构。第二空处，动词power意为“给……提供动力”，charge意为“赋予、使充满”，结合句中“a sense of optimism”可知，表示“赋予一种乐观的感觉”更符合语境。故选C项。 33. The movie’s $35 premium ticket sparked outrage among budget-conscious moviegoers. However, its near-perfect 98% Rotten Tomatoes _______, backed up by glowing reviews praising its groundbreaking visuals and emotional depth, ultimately silenced _______ and justified the pricing. A. ranking; commentators B. ranking; critics C. rating; commentators D. rating; critics 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部电影35美元的高价票在精打细算的电影观众中引发了愤怒。然而，它在烂番茄上近乎完美的98%的评分，以及赞扬其开创性的视觉效果和情感深度的热情评论，最终让批评者们闭上了嘴，并证明了这一定价的合理性。A. ranking排名，commentators评论员；B. ranking排名，critics批评者；C. rating评分，commentators评论员；D. rating评分，critics批评者。根据“98% Rotten Tomatoes”可知，此处指的是烂番茄上的评分，第一个空处因应使用rating，表示“评分”；根据“sparked outrage”和“ultimately silenced”可知，此处指的是那些原本对高价票感到愤怒的人，即批评者。因此应使用critics，表示“批评者”。故选D。 34. Shakespeare’s radical _______ of gender in Twelfth Night, in which Viola disguises herself as a man, amplifies its themes via the literary _______ of dramatic irony, where the audience knows more than the characters, making the play both funny and moving. A. treatment; genre B. approach; device C. treatment; device D. approach; genre 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚在《第十二夜》中对性别的激进处理，在剧中维奥拉把自己伪装成一个男人，通过戏剧讽刺的文学手段放大了它的主题，观众比角色知道得更多，使戏剧既有趣又感人。1. 分析第一个空：性别处理的词汇辨析 treatment：指对主题、题材的“处理方式”，强调具体的表现手法或呈现角度，如“treatment of gender”（对性别的刻画处理）。approach：侧重“方法、途径”，更抽象，如“an approach to solving problems”。在文学语境中，“对性别的处理”常用 treatment，排除B、D。2. 分析第二个空：文学手法的词汇辨析device：指“文学手法、技巧”，如隐喻、反讽等具体创作手段，dramatic irony（戏剧反讽）属于典型的文学 device。genre：指“文学类型、体裁”，如悲剧、喜剧、小说等，与 “戏剧反讽” 的性质不符。因此第二个空应选 device。故选C项。 35. The child star, _______ to a third-rate actor after struggling with drug addiction for a decade, confessed: “I was born with something that made people whisper ‘genius’, however I traded _______ for newspaper headlines”. A. reduced; fame B. limited; fame C limited; talent D. reduced; talent 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：在与毒瘾斗争了十年之后，这位童星沦为了三流演员，他坦言：“我生来就有某种让人低声说‘天才’的东西，但我用天赋换来了报纸头条。”(be) reduced to“沦落为”；(be) limited to“限于”，结合第一空前的“The child star”和后面“to a third-rate actor”可知，此处指“这位童星沦为了三流演员”；fame“名声”，talent“天赋”，根据“I was born with something that made people whisper ‘genius’”可知，第二空所在句指“但我用天赋换来了报纸头条”。故选D。 36. A 2024 OECD report confirms that people in _______ occupations have a lower life _______ —by an average of 5.2 years—compared to white-collar workers, citing exposure to toxins, physical strain, and limited healthcare access as key factors. A. skilled; expectancy B. manual; expectancy C. skilled; longevity D. manual; longevity 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：一份2024年经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的报告证实，与白领工人相比，从事体力劳动职业的人群预期寿命平均低5.2年，报告指出接触毒素、身体劳损以及医疗资源获取有限是关键因素。skilled熟练的，有技能的；manual体力的；expectancy期待；预期；longevity长寿；寿命。根据“compared to white-collar workers,”可知，这里是将白领工人与体力劳动职业的人相对比；根据“by an average of 5.2 years”可知，这里指预期寿命。故选B。 37. It is a _______ musical instrument, made of brass and _______ back to the nineteenth century. A. small charming French; dated B. small charming French; dating C. charming small French; dated D. charming small French; dating 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词排序和非谓语动词。句意：这是一种迷人的法国小型乐器，由铜管制成，可以追溯到19世纪。英语中形容词的排序为“限定词、数词、描绘性形容词、大小高低长短等、形状、年龄、颜色、国籍、物质材料、用途”，charming属于描绘性形容词，small属于大小类，French属于国籍，故正确排序是charming small French；date back to和musical instrument之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作定语。故选D。 38. The conductor’s choice to pair Mozart with jazz improvisation was a _______ of genius — the orchestra’s _______ enthusiasm blurred the lines between classical precision and spontaneous joy. A. source; intensive B. stroke; infectious C. source; infectious D. stroke; intensive 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词及形容词词义辨析。句意：指挥家将莫扎特与爵士即兴演奏结合的选择堪称绝妙的主意——乐团极具感染力的热情模糊了古典音乐的精确与即兴的喜悦之间的界限。source来源，根源；stroke（灵感）突发；intensive加强的，强烈的；infectious有感染力的。结合“The conductor’s choice to pair Mozart with jazz improvisation”可知，第一空应用stroke，和of genius搭配，构成固定短语a stroke of genius，意为“聪明的办法，绝妙的主意”；结合“blurred the lines between classical precision and spontaneous joy”可知，第二空应用infectious“有感染力的”，体现乐团的热情的影响。故选B。 39. It is clear that there is _______ with the computer in the classroom. Technical failures such as frequent _______, slow processing speeds and unresponsive software disrupt teaching and learning badly. A. something wrong seriously; crashes B. something wrong seriously; crushes C. something seriously wrong; crushes D. something seriously wrong; crashes 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：显然，教室里的电脑存在严重问题。频繁死机、处理速度缓慢以及软件无响应等技术故障严重干扰了教学和学习。there is something wrong with是固定用法，意为“某物有点问题”，seriously修饰wrong时，seriously放在wrong前面，因此第一空是something seriously wrong；crash意为“瘫痪，死机”，crush意为“热恋，迷恋”，由Technical failures可知，第二空是“死机”，因此第二空是crashes。故选D。 40. During the peak of the summer season, the climatic disparity between Edinburgh and southern regions of the UK can result in a difference in temperature that is _______ nine degrees Celsius — a variation that underscores the nation’s pronounced geographical and meteorological _______. A. as much as; contrasts B. as high as; trends C. as high as; contrasts D. as much as; trends 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和名词词义辨析。句意：在夏季的高峰期，爱丁堡和英国南部地区之间的气候差异可能导致温度差异高达9摄氏度，这一变化突显了英国明显的地理和气象差异。as much as (与……差不多、多达……)表示“量”上的比较，as high as (高达)，contrasts (明显的差异)，trends (趋势)，“温度差异高达9摄氏度”指的是温度在数量上差幅度高达9摄氏度，第二个空“contrasts”作名词，是“geographical and meteorological”的中心词，表示地理和气象的对比，与句意“突显差异”一致。故选A项。 41. — Have the children discovered the cave yet? — Yes! I’ve just read up to _______ they finally find it — hidden behind the waterfall, its walls glittering with those strange crystals you mentioned. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——孩子们发现那个山洞了吗？——是的！我刚刚读到他们最终找到它的地方——隐藏在瀑布后面，它的墙壁上闪烁着你提到的那些奇怪的水晶。 该空引导宾语从句，且该空在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where。故选D项。 42. Helen, a mere laundry worker, spent decades scrubbing stains in a steamy basement and had always saved _______ to make her “dream fund” grow one wrinkled dollar at a time. A. what little she earned B. how little she earned C. for little she earned D. with little she earned 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：海伦只是一名洗衣工，几十年来一直在蒸汽弥漫的地下室里搓洗衣物，她省下微薄的收入，让她的“梦想基金”得以一点一点地增长——每次只存进一张皱巴巴的美元。空处需引导名词性从句作saved的宾语，可先排除C、D两项，该宾语从句是感叹句的形式，little作earned的宾语，为代词，意为“一点儿，少得几乎没有”，应用what修饰。故选A。 43. _______ for his unexpected invitation last week, I wouldn’t be standing here today, making small talks with this buzzing crowd of strangers who _______ come out for the special occasion — an unimaginable scenario for an introvert like me. A. Were it not; have B. Had it not been; has C. Were it not; has D. Had it not been; have 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气和主谓一致。句意：若不是因为他上周的意外邀请，我今天就不会站在这里，和这群为特殊场合蜂拥而至的陌生人寒暄——对于像我这样的内向者来说，这简直是不可想象的场景。根据“last week”可知，第一空表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，因此需用过去完成时的虚拟语气had it not been；who引导定语从句，先行词strangers是复数，因此动词需用复数形式。故选D。 44. In recent years, with growing environmental awareness, people have started recycling various materials like paper, plastic and glass — items which they _______ away without a second thought in the past. A. had thrown B. would be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气辨析。句意：近年来，随着环保意识的增强，人们开始回收纸张、塑料和玻璃等各种材料——这些物品在过去他们会毫不犹豫地扔掉。根据“in the past”以及语境可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，“would have done” 结构用于虚拟语气中，表示过去本来会做某事而实际上未做。“would have thrown”符合“过去常常会扔掉”的虚拟含义。故选 D。 45. The general emphasized that precautions were non-negotiable during the chemical weapons drill and he commanded that all personnel_______ full protective gear to avoid the potentially lethal consequences. A. wear B. had worn C. wore D. would be wearing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这位将军强调，在化学武器演习期间，预防措施是不容商讨的，他命令所有人员必须穿戴全套防护装备，以避免可能致命的后果。command that sb. should do sth.是固定句型，意为“命令某人做某事”，should可省略，故选A。 46. Sarah stared at the finished puzzle in disbelief — all the edge pieces were perfectly connected, but the center section was entirely blank. She _______ such a careless oversight while assembling it. A. couldn’t have made B. shouldn’t make C. mustn’t have made D. wouldn’t have made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：莎拉难以置信地盯着完成的拼图——所有的边缘部分都完美地连接在一起，但中间部分却一片空白。她在组装时不可能疏忽大意。整句都是过去发生的动作，couldn’t have done表示对过去行为的否定推测（过去不可能做过某事），故选A项。 47. Science thrives when statistics _______ politics, but when extreme politics _______ statistics, both truth and democracy suffer. A. guide; dictate B. guides; dictate C. guide; dictates D. guides; dictates 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：当统计指导政治时，科学就会蓬勃发展，但当极端政治支配统计时，真理和民主都会受到损害。分析第一个空：在“when statistics _______ politics”部分中，“statistics”在这里表示“统计学”，是复数概念。当主语是复数时，谓语动词要用原形，故排除选项B和D。分析第二个空：在 “when extreme politics _______ statistics”部分中，“politics”表示“政治”“政治活动”等抽象概念时，是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。“dictate”（支配，影响）的第三人称单数形式是“dictates”。故选C项。 48. Many a student in the class ____ that Jack is the only one of the students who ____ the chance to attend a key university. A. thinks; has B. think; have C. think; has D. thinks; have 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：班上很多学生认为Jack是唯一一个有机会上重点大学的学生。根据“many a + 可数名词单数+ 谓语单数”可知，第一空谓语动词用三单现形式；第二空的主语who代指先行词the only one of the students，也是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现形式，故选A项。 【点睛】本题第二空考查定语从句中的主谓一致，请对比以下两句： Jack is the only one of the students who has the chance to attend a key university. Jack是唯一一个有机会上重点大学的学生 Jack is one of the students who have the chance to attend a key university. Jack是众多有机会上重点大学的学生中的一个。 当先行词被one of修饰时，关系代词指代前面的复数名词，即是复数意义；当先行词被the only one of修饰时，关系代词是单数意义，因为符合条件的只有一人。 49. Following days of violent protests and looting in downtown Los Angeles, officials now warn that law and order _______ across the region, with police _______ stretched thin, local businesses boarding up storefronts, and emergency declarations being considered to curb the escalating chaos. A. has deteriorated; resources B. have deteriorated; resources C. has deteriorated; sources D. have deteriorated; sources 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和名词辨析。句意：在洛杉矶市中心连续数天的暴力抗议和抢劫之后，官员们警告称，该地区的法律与秩序已经恶化——警力资源紧张，当地企业纷纷用木板封住店面，当局正考虑发布紧急状态以遏制不断升级的混乱。resource资源；source来源。law and order通常被视为一个整体概念，因此第一空的动词应用第三人称单数形式；结合“stretched thin”可知，此处指警力资源有限，resource“资源”符合题意。故选A。 50. The remains of my New Year’s resolutions _______ dusty gym clothes, and what remains of my ambition _______ this half-eaten bag of chips. A. are; are B. is; are C. is; is D. are; is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：我的新年决心只剩下满是灰尘的运动服，而我的雄心壮志只剩下这袋吃了一半的薯片。分析句子结构和语法规则：“the remains of...”表示 “……的剩余部分；…… 的遗迹”，这里的“remains”是复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以“The remains of my New Year’s resolutions”这一主语对应的谓语动词要用复数，A选项和D选项中的“are”符合这一要求。“what remains of...”是一个主语从句，在这个句子中，“what remains of my ambition”这个主语从句作主语，把它看成一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。综合以上分析，第一个空应填“are”，第二个空应填“is”。故选D项。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Art Builds Understanding At the just completed Designing for Empathy Summit social scientists and museum leaders gathered to discuss how museums can build empathy and contribute to developing understanding and meaning-making. Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand ____51____ (meaningful) aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights gained when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters ____52____ be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing. The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art through its role in facilitating a better understanding of ____53____, others, and the world. The question is how that happens–what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art? ____54____ ____55____ the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large. To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand, adapt, and fine-tune them as they develop the work, resulting in the build-up of layers of materials — ____56____ initial studies and sketches to the final, ____57____ (refine) piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts ____58____ the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the ____59____ (finish) touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process. After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to gain insight and access the ideas of the artist. Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential ____60____ (communicate) across space and time and create connections and insights ____61____ otherwise would not happen. What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums. 【答案】51. the most meaningful 52. can 53. ourselves 54. According 55. to 56. from 57. refined 58. where 59. finishing 60. to communicate 61. that##which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在共情设计峰会中，专家讨论博物馆借艺术体验构建共情，依审美认知理论及镜像模型，艺术可跨时空沟通，需主动参与。 【51题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：尽管关于艺术体验的学术研究历史悠久，但研究人员尚未捕捉和理解这些体验中最有意义的方面，包括我们参观博物馆时获得的思想和见解，看到有意义的艺术作品后的相遇感，或者体验艺术后的思维变化。空处需填形容词来修饰名词 “aspects”，结合句意可知，应为形容词最高级形式the most meaningful，意思是“最有意义的”。故填the most meaningful。 【52题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这些强大的相遇可以鼓舞人心，令人振奋，并有助于幸福和繁荣。表示“能够”应用情态动词can。故填can。 【53题详解】 考查代词。句意：审美认知主义理论通过艺术在促进更好地理解我们自己、他人和世界方面的作用来描述艺术的价值。根据句意可知，这里需要一个反身代词与“others”（他人）和 “the world”（世界）相对应，表示“我们自己”，所以填“ourselves”。故填ourselves。 【54题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：根据巴勃罗・P・L・蒂尼奥提出的艺术镜像模型，审美接受与艺术创作是一种倒置的镜像。表示“根据”应用介词短语according to，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填According。 【55题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：根据巴勃罗・P・L・蒂尼奥提出的艺术镜像模型，审美接受与艺术创作是一种倒置的镜像。表示“根据”应用介词短语according to。故填to。 【56题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从…… 到……”。故填from。 【57题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为了做到这一点，他们探索关键的想法，并在他们发展工作的过程中不断扩展、调整和微调它们，从而形成从最初的研究和草图到最终的精致作品的材料层。空处需填形容词作定语来修饰名词piece，“refine”是动词，其过去分词形式“refined”可以作形容词，意思是 “精致的；精炼的”。故填refined。 【58题详解】 考查地点状语从句。句意：观众与艺术品的最初互动从艺术家离开的地方开始。分析句子 “A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts ____ the artist has left off.”，这里是一个地点状语从句，“where”表示“在…… 地方”，意思是“观赏者与艺术品的初始互动从艺术家停下的地方开始”。故填where。 【59题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：他们的互动首先涉及处理表面特征，如颜色，纹理，以及艺术家在创作过程的最后阶段应用的最后润色。finishing touches是固定短语，意思是“最后润色；最后修饰”，这里表示艺术家在创作过程最后阶段所做的修饰，所以填“finishing”。故填finishing。 【60题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。have the potential to do sth.是固定用法，意思是 “有做某事的潜力”，空处需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to communicate。 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：艺术具有跨越空间和时间进行交流的潜力，并创造出原本不会发生的联系和见解。设空处引导定从句，先行词connections and insights，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A. spanning B. condition C. mute D. bridging E. fascinated F. current G. intended H. pioneer I. novel J. wake K. dawn Sakamoto Ryuichi, who died on March 28th after a long battle with cancer, once described his musical method thus: “I open my ears to the world.” But what Mr. Sakamoto heard, few others could. As a member of the Japanese techno-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra, he helped ____62____ modern electronic music. His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world, testimony to the influence of his genre- ____63____ career. Mr. Sakamoto was born in Tokyo in 1952 and took to music early. He graduated from one of Tokyo’s top conservatories where he studied Western classical music, becoming especially ____64____ by Claude Debussy. There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa. Early in his career, Mr. Sakamoto trained his ears on the sound of technology. Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), a group he formed in 1978 alongside Hosono Haruomi and Takahashi Yukihiro, used synthesizers in instrumental songs ____65____ for dancing — a ____66____ combination at the time. “Errors or noises absorb me and I wonder if a new cultural ____67____ could emerge from this deficiency,” YMO’s success made Mr. Sakamoto a star in Japan, leading to a role opposite David Bowie in Oshima Nagisa’s 1983 film “Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence”. Mr. Sakamoto agreed to act in the movie on ____68____ that he could score (配乐) it. His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan, propelled him to global fame — and established him as an artist ____69____ east and west. Unusually for a Japanese musician, Mr. Sakamoto used his fame to speak out on social and political issues, including environmental preservation and the oppression of Okinawans. Nuclear power was a particular problem. “They know nuclear power is unnecessary and dangerous,” he railed in an interview in 2006, five years before an earthquake and tsunami rocked north-east Japan and triggered a nuclear meltdown in Fukushima. In the ____70____ of the disaster, Mr. Sakamoto travelled often to the region to support local residents. In 2014 a first cancer diagnosis shook Mr. Sakamoto’s life. But even that could not ____71____ his longing to hear more. The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”. In “Coda”, a documentary about Mr. Sakamoto released two years later, he can be seen traversing the North Pole and dropping microphones underneath the ice. “I’m fishing the sound,” he says, grinning at the camera, before declaring his catch “the purest I’ve ever heard”. 【答案】62. H 63. A 64. E 65. G 66. I 67. F 68. B 69. D 70. J 71. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本著名音乐人士坂本龙一（Sakamoto Ryuichi）的生平、贡献和音乐特色等。 【62题详解】 考查动词。句意：作为日本电子流行乐队Yellow Magic Orchestra的成员，他帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河。由下文“His passing elicited tributes from musical luminaries (杰出人物) around the world(他的去世引起了世界各地音乐名人的致敬)”可知坂本龙一在世界音乐界地位很高，说明他应该是帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河，动词pioneer (开创)符合句意。故选H项。 【63题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的去世引起了世界各地音乐名人的致敬，这证明了他跨流派职业生涯的影响。由下文“he studied Western classical music(他学习西方古典音乐)”和“There, he also explored an interest in the traditional music of Okinawa as well as in that of India and Africa.(在那里，他还探索了对冲绳传统音乐以及印度和非洲传统音乐的兴趣)”可知坂本龙一专研过多种音乐流派，动词spanning (跨越)符合句意。故选A项。 64题详解】 考查动词。句意：他毕业于东京一所顶尖的音乐学院，在那里他学习西方古典音乐，对克劳德·德彪西特别着迷。由上文“he studied Western classical music(他学习西方古典音乐)”可知，坂本龙一学习西方古典音乐，是因为被法国音乐家克劳德·德彪西吸引，动词fascinated (深深吸引)符合句意，故选E项。 【65题详解】 考查动词。句意：Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO)是他于1978年与Hosono Haruomi和Takahashi Yukihiro一起成立的一个团体，在用于跳舞的器乐歌曲中使用了音响合成器——这在当时是一种新颖的组合。由下文“dancing”可知，歌曲是用于跳舞的，动词intended (打算)符合句意。故选G项。 【66题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO)是他于1978年与Hosono Haruomi和Takahashi Yukihiro一起成立的一个团体，在用于跳舞的器乐歌曲中使用了音响合成器——这在当时是一种新颖的组合。由上文“synthesizers”可知，使用音响合成器合成音乐，这很新颖，形容词novel (新颖的)符合句意。故选I项。 【67题详解】 考查名词。句意：“错误或噪音吸引了我，我想知道这种缺陷是否会产生一种新的文化潮流。”由上文“he helped modern electronic music(他帮助开创了现代电子音乐的先河)”可知，使用音响合成器合成音乐，坂本龙一想知道是否会产生一种新的文化潮流，名词current (潮流)符合句意。故选F项。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：坂本同意出演这部电影，条件是他能为其配乐。由本处语境可知，他出演电影的条件是配乐，名词condition (条件)符合句意。故选B项。 【69题详解】 考查动词。句意：他的作品融合了旋律优美的钢琴和弦、扫频音响合成器和爪哇加麦兰，使他享誉全球，并确立了他作为连接东西方的艺术家的地位。由上文“His compositions, which blended melodic piano chords, sweeping synthesizers and Javanese gamelan”可知，他将东西方艺术连接起来，动词bridging (架桥于、弥合)符合句意。故选D项。 【70题详解】 考查名词。句意：灾难发生后，坂本先生经常前往该地区支持当地居民。由本处语境可知，灾难之后他去支援，in the wake of (在……后)符合句意。故选J项。 【71题详解】 考查动词。句意：但即便如此，癌症不能减弱他对倾听声音的渴望。由下文“The next year he composed the score for Mr. Iñárritu’s “The Revenant”.(第二年，他为伊纳里图的《荒野猎人》谱曲)”可知，癌症不能减弱他对声音的渴望，动词mute (减弱)符合句意。故选C项。 III. Reading Comprehension (1*15 + 2*15 = 45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Today we live in a society structured to promote early bloomers. Our school system has ____72____ people by the time they are 18, using grades and SAT scores. Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind. Many prominent models of success, like Bill Gates or Taylor Swift, achieved fame ____73____. Magazines publish lists with headlines like “30 Under 30” to ____74____ youthful superstars on the rise. “Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history. But for many people, the talents that bloom later in life are more ____75____ than the ones that bloom early. A 2019 study by researchers in Denmark found that, on average, Nobel Prize winners made their crucial discoveries at the age of 44. Even brilliant people apparently need at least a couple of decades to master their field. Successful late bloomers are all around us. Colonel Harland Sanders started Kentucky Fried Chicken in his 60s. Isak Dinesen published the book that ____76____ her literary reputation, Out of Africa, at 52. If Samuel Johnson had died at 40, few would remember him, but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. Why do some people ____77____ later than others? In his book Late Bloomers, the journalist Rich Karlgaard points out that this is really two questions: First, why didn’t these people bloom earlier? Second, what traits or skills did they ____78____ that enabled them to bloom late? It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable—they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age. Late bloomers tend to be ____79____ different, displaying a different set of abilities that are mostly ____80____ to or discouraged by our current education system. They usually have to invent their own paths. Late bloomers “fulfill their potential frequently in novel and unexpected ways,” Karlgaard writes, “surprising even those ____81____ to them.” These people don’t do as much advance planning as the conceptual ____82____, but they regard their entire lives as experiments. They try something and learn, and then they try something else and learn more. Their focus is not on their ____83____ work, which they often toss away haphazardly. Their focus is on the process of learning itself: Am I closer to understanding, to mastering? They live their lives as a long period of ____84____, trying this and trying that, a slow process of ____85____ and elaboration, so the quality of their work peaks late in life. They are the ugly ducklings of human achievement, who, over the decades, turn themselves into ____86____. 72. A. united B. sorted C. engaged D. labeled 73. A. overnight B. by chance C. late in life D. at an early age 74. A. marvel B. glorify C. document D. approve 75. A. consequential B. predictable C. respectful D. conclusive 76. A. deserved B. restored C. saved D. established 77. A. bounce back B. hit their peak C. turn over a new leaf D. come into play 78. A. draw B. master C. possess D. lack 79. A. qualitatively B. tremendously C. initially D. distinctly 80. A. subject B. essential C. equivalent D. invisible 81. A. indifferent B. superior C. close D. familiar 82. A. boomers B. seekers C. models D. geniuses 83. A. finished B. worthwhile C. individual D. intellectual 84. A. ebb and flow B. trial and error C. think and act D. hit and miss 85. A. evolution B. accumulation C. progression D. exploitation 86. A. dragons B. phoenixes C. swans D. peacocks 【答案】72. B 73. D 74. B 75. A 76. D 77. B 78. C 79. A 80. D 81. C 82. D 83. A 84. B 85. B 86. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述晚成者的价值及晚成的原因。 【72题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的学校系统在人们18岁时就通过分数和SAT成绩将他们分类。A. united联合；B. sorted分类；C. engaged参与；D. labeled贴标签。根据下文“using grades and SAT scores”可知，学校系统通过分数和SAT成绩将学生分类。故选B。 【73题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些像比尔·盖茨或泰勒·斯威夫特这样的成功典范，在很年轻的时候就取得了名声。A. overnight一夜之间；B. by chance偶然；C. late in life在晚年；D. at an early age在年轻的时候。根据前文“Some of these people zoom to prestigious academic launching pads while others get left behind.”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说早成者，即年轻时就取得成功的人。故选D。 【74题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：杂志会刊登像“ 30岁或30岁以下”这样的头条来赞美正在崛起的年轻的超级明星。A. marvel惊叹；B. glorify赞美；C. document记录；D. approve批准。根据下文““Young people are just smarter,” Zuckerberg once declared, a statement that might rank among the most controversial in history.”可知，杂志刊登这样的头条是为了赞美这些年轻的超级明星。故选B。 【75题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但对许多人来说，晚年才绽放的才能比早年绽放的才能更有意义。A. consequential有意义的；B. predictable可预测的；C. respectful恭敬的；D. conclusive决定性的。根据空后“than the ones that bloom early”以及后文提到的诺贝尔奖获得者在晚年做出重要发现可知，此处是在说晚年绽放的才能更有意义。故选A。 【76题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊萨克·迪内森在52岁时出版了奠定她文学声誉的书《走出非洲》。A. deserved值得；B. restored恢复；C. saved拯救；D. established建立、奠定。根据下文“but now he is considered one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language”可知，他被认为是英语史上最伟大的作家之一，所以说这本书奠定了她的文学声誉。故选D。 【77题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰？A. bounce back反弹；B. hit their peak达到巅峰；C. turn over a new leaf改过自新；D. come into play开始起作用。根据空后“later than others”以及后文提到的晚成者可知，此处是在说为什么有些人比其他人更晚达到巅峰。故选B。 【78题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成？A. draw画；B. master掌握；C. possess拥有；D. lack缺乏。根据下文“It turns out that late bloomers are not simply early bloomers on a delayed timetable — they didn’t just do the things early bloomers did but at a later age.”可知，此处是在说他们拥有哪些特质或技能使他们能够晚成。故选C。 【79题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：晚成者往往在本质上有所不同，展示出一套与我们当前教育体系大多忽视或劝阻的能力。A. qualitatively本质上；B. tremendously极大地；C. initially最初；D. distinctly明显地。根据下文“displaying a different set of abilities”可知，晚成者与早成者在本质上是截然不同的。故选A。 【80题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. subject受……影响的；B. essential基本的；C. equivalent等价的；D. invisible看不见的，被忽视的。根据空后“to or discouraged by our current education system”可知，晚成者展示的能力大多被当前教育体系忽视或劝阻。故选D。 【81题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡尔加德写道，晚成者“经常以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥他们的潜力，甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶”。A. indifferent漠不关心的；B. superior优越的；C. close亲近的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空前“surprising even those”以及后文提到的晚成者以新颖和意想不到的方式发挥潜力可知，此处是在说甚至让那些亲近他们的人都感到惊讶。故选C。 【82题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人不像概念上的天才那样做太多预先计划，但他们把自己的整个生活都视为实验。A. boomers繁荣者；B. seekers寻求者；C. models模范；D. geniuses天才。根据“but they regard their entire lives as experiments”以及前文提到的晚成者与早成者的不同可知，与晚成者对比的是 “天才型早成者”。故选D。 【83题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的注意力不在于他们完成的作品，他们经常随意地丢弃。A. finished完成的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. individual个人的；D. intellectual智力的。根据下文“which they often toss away haphazardly”可知，他们的注意力不在于完成的作品。故选A。 【84题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程，尝试这个，尝试那个，一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程，所以他们的工作质量在晚年达到顶峰。A. ebb and flow涨落；B. trial and error尝试和错误；C. think and act思考和行动；D. hit and miss碰运气。根据下文“trying this and trying that”可知，他们把生活看作是一个漫长的尝试和错误的过程。故选B。 【85题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. evolution进化；B. accumulation积累；C. progression进展；D. exploitation开发。根据空后“and elaboration”以及前文提到的尝试和错误的过程可知，此处是在说这是一个缓慢的积累和完善的过程。故选B。 【86题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们是人类成就中的丑小鸭，几十年后，他们变成了天鹅。A. dragons龙；B. phoenixes凤凰；C. swans天鹅；D. peacocks孔雀。根据前文“the ugly ducklings of human achievement”以及“turn themselves into”可知，此处是在说他们从丑小鸭变成了天鹅，象征着从平凡到卓越的转变。根据常识，通常拿丑小鸭和天鹅作对比，来突出华丽的转身，故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Do you like the thick brush strokes and soft color palettes of an impressionist painting such as those by Claude Monet? Or do you prefer the bold colors and abstract shapes of a Rothko? Individual art tastes have a certain mystique to them, but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like. The new study asked more than 1,500 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences. The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art. “The main point is that we are gaining an insight into the mechanism that people use to make aesthetic judgments,” says O’Doherty, a neuroscientist in the team. In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features—traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color—as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still. The computer program then estimates how much a specific feature is taken into account when making a decision about how much to like a particular piece of art. Both features are combined when making these decisions. Once the computer has estimated that, then it can successfully predict a person’s liking for another previously unseen piece of art. The researchers also discovered that the volunteers tended to cluster into three general categories: those who like paintings with real-life objects, such as an impressionist painting; those who like colorful abstract paintings; and those who like complex paintings, such as Picasso’s cubist portraits. The majority of people fell into the first “real-life object” category. While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.” 87. What was the main purpose of the Caltech study mentioned in the passage? A. To examine why people have different tastes in paintings. B. To compare different painting styles like impressionism and cubism. C. To prove that computers can create better art than humans. D. To determine the accuracy of computers’ prediction of art preferences. 88. Which of the following statements is TRUE about “high-level features” in the study? A. They were ignored by the computer program in the study. B. They involve subjective judgment. C. They are less accurate than low-level features in predicting preferences. D. They are easily quantifiable by machines. 89. The word “idiosyncratic” in the last paragraph most closely means A. vital B. predictable C. individual D. complex 90. Based on the passage, what is the likely next step for this research? A. Teaching computers to paint original artwork. B. Incorporating additional personal data into the prediction model. C. Eliminating the use of low-level features in predictions. D. Focusing mainly on impressionist paintings. 【答案】87. D 88. B 89. C 90. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了计算机程序能预测人们艺术偏好的研究。 【87题详解】 细节理解题。 根据第一段“but now a new Caltech study shows that a simple computer program can accurately predict which paintings a person will like.(但现在加州理工学院的一项新研究表明，一个简单的计算机程序可以准确预测一个人会喜欢哪些画作) 以及根据第二段中“The new study asked more than 1,500 volunteers to rate paintings in the genres of impressionism, cubism, abstract, and color field. The volunteers’ answers were fed into a computer program, which then could predict the volunteers’ art preferences.(这项新研究让1500多名志愿者对印象派、立体派、抽象派和色域派等不同流派的画作进行评分。志愿者的答案被输入到一个计算机程序中，该程序可以预测志愿者的艺术偏好) ”以及第三段中“The findings not only demonstrated that computers could make these predictions but also led to a new understanding about how people judge art.(研究结果不仅证明了计算机可以进行这些预测，还让我们对人们如何评判艺术有了新的认识)”可知，Caltech研究的主要目的是确定计算机预测艺术偏好的准确性。故选D。 【88题详解】 推理判断题。 根据第四段“In the study, the team programmed the computer to break a painting's visual attributes down into what they called low-level features — traits like contrast, saturation (饱和度), and color — as well as high-level features, which require human judgment and include traits such as whether the painting is dynamic or still.(在研究中，研究团队让计算机将画作的视觉属性分解为他们所说的低级特征——如对比度、饱和度和颜色等特性——以及需要人类判断的高级特征，包括画作是动态的还是静态的等特性)”可推知，研究中的“高级特征”涉及主观判断。故选B。 【89题详解】 词句猜测题。 根据最后一段中“There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.(O’Doherty说：“我们无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面。这种更idiosyncratic的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关。”)”可知，无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面，所以此处指这种更个人的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关，“idiosyncratic”在此处意为“个人的，独特的”。故选C。 【90题详解】 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“While the computer program was successful at predicting the volunteers’ art preferences, the researchers say there is still more to learn about the nuances that go into any one individual’s taste. “There are aspects of individual preferences that we have not succeeded in explaining using this method,” says O’Doherty. “This more idiosyncratic component may relate to past experiences and other personal traits that might influence valuation.”(虽然计算机程序在预测志愿者的艺术偏好方面取得了成功，但研究人员表示，对于每个人品味的细微差别，我们还有很多需要了解的地方。O’Doherty说：“我们无法用这种方法解释个人偏好的某些方面。这种更独特的成分可能与过去的经历和其他可能影响评估的个人特质有关。”)”可推知，这项研究的下一步很可能是将额外的个人数据纳入预测模型。故选B。 (B) The Met High School Internship Program The Met High School Internship Program offers paid opportunities for students who are two to three years from graduating high school in New York City. This program allows students to connect with art, museums, and creative professionals as they develop professional skills, network, and gain work experience. How to Apply The application requires: A completed application form Short essay responses One letter of recommendation from a teacher, school administrator, or another adult who is not related to you and can write about why you would be a great intern for The Met. What Does a School-Year High School Intern Do at The Met? The internship consists of: Bootcamp: Eight hours of trainings and workshops to prepare interns for the internship. Departmental placements: Each intern spends 40 hours of the internship observing and being supervised and mentored by a staff member in one of the Museum’s departments. The placement is chosen according to the intern’s interests and experience. Career Labs: Curators (策展人), educators, designers, conservators, and other staff discuss their professional paths and roles at the Museum and lead workshops that help interns try out an element of their work. Teens Take The Met: Met High School interns come together to work The Met's big spring teen night, when teens drop in for numerous activities across the Museum, including art making, performances, music, and more. Interns help with wayfinding, assisting partners and teens with check-in, event coverage via social media, and facilitating various art-making activities. In addition, they help by preparing and sorting art-making materials or creating teen-inspired posters. Who Can Apply? Any student who: is in grade 10 or 11 and either resides in or attends a high school or home school in New York City; has not completed another paid or unpaid internship at The Met; is available to attend all sessions of the internship program. Connect your career interests with art and careers at the Museum. You don’t need prior experience or specific knowledge of art or art history to apply — just a desire and commitment to bridge your passions to the diverse career opportunities and art at The Met! 91. Who is the most qualified to write a recommendation letter for the applicant? A. A former Met intern who participated in the program last year. B. The applicant's cousin who works as a museum curator. C. A supervisor from the applicant’s previous internship program. D. The applicant's classmate who just won the school Art Design Contest. 92. Which activity in the internship program specifically requires interns to demonstrate communication skills? A. Bootcamp B. Departmental placements C. Career Labs D. Teens Take The Met! 93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a goal of The Met High School Internship Program? A. Building connections with creative professionals. B. Enhancing students’ academic performance in school. C. Providing hands-on work experience in museum settings. D. Facilitating career networking opportunities. 【答案】91. C 92. D 93. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了大都会高中实习项目详情。 【91题详解】 细节理解题。根据How to Apply部分中“One letter of recommendation from a teacher, school administrator, or another adult who is not related to you and can write about why you would be a great intern for The Met.(由一位与你无关的老师、学校管理人员或其他成年人撰写的一封推荐信，信中需说明你为什么是该博物馆实习生的合适人选)”可知，最符合写推荐信要求的是来自申请人之前实习项目的负责人，因为其与申请人无关且能证明申请人的工作能力。故选C。 【92题详解】 细节理解题。根据What Does a School-Year High School Intern Do at The Met?部分中“Teens Take The Met: Met High School interns come together to work The Met's big spring teen night, when teens drop in for numerous activities across the Museum, including art making, performances, music, and more. Interns help with wayfinding, assisting partners and teens with check-in, event coverage via social media, and facilitating various art-making activities.(青少年参与大都会博物馆之夜：大都会高中实习生会一起参与大都会博物馆的大型春季青少年之夜活动，届时青少年会在博物馆内参加各种活动，包括艺术创作、表演、音乐等。实习生负责指引方向、协助同伴和青少年登记、通过社交媒体报道活动，以及协助开展各种艺术创作活动)”可知，在“Teens Take The Met!”活动中，实习生需要指引方向、协助登记、通过社交媒体报道活动等，这些活动都需要实习生具备良好的沟通能力。故选D。 【93题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This program allows students to connect with art, museums, and creative professionals as they develop professional skills, network, and gain work experience.(该项目允许学生在培养专业技能、建立人脉和积累工作经验的同时，与艺术、博物馆和创意专业人士建立联系)”可知，该项目的目标包括与创意专业人士建立联系、在博物馆环境中提供实践工作经验以及促进职业社交机会，但并未提及“提高学生在学校的学业成绩”。故选B。 (C) It’s easy to feel as though you’re doing something wrong these days if you don’t know your VO2-Max and how many hours of REM sleep you get each night, or if you’re not taking a dozen different supplements and scrutinizing every bite of food that makes its way into your mouth. “Biohackers” and other longevity seekers would have you believe that if you diligently measure your every bodily function and meticulously tailor your nutrition and exercise routine, you can reprogram your body to live longer and evade dreaded diseases. These folks’ logical flaw is to assume that the biological processes in your body are just as predictable and controllable as a microchip. What they don’t understand, or choose to ignore, is that the human organism is far too complex and unpredictable for that level of control. Take, for example, a recent fad among people without diabetes to closely monitor their bodies’ glucose (葡萄糖) levels. They claim to use the data generated by these devices to learn how to customize their diet for optimal glucose levels. The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. A scatter chart the researchers made comparing the glucose results from one meal against the identical meal a week later looked like it could have been made by a person throwing darts blindfolded. Randomness is inherent to life. Our parents’ chromosomes (染色体) are shuffled like a deck of cards before we receive half of each of their genetic code. Diseases are often the result of random processes. More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide. There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. Of course, none of this is meant to imply that there is nothing we can do to affect our health. Basic health maxims (箴言) still apply: Don’t smoke. Don’t drink excessive amounts of alcohol. If you’re obese, lose some weight. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. Exercise. Get age-appropriate vaccinations and cancer screens. But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. If you’re doing these things because you believe you can exert complete control over your health outcomes like a programmer writing a piece of code, my message is: Don’t sweat the small stuff. 94. The glucose monitoring study is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to demonstrate that ______. A. identical meals produce identical bodily responses B. the human body is highly variable and unpredictable C. continuous glucose monitors are inaccurate D. hospital conditions affect metabolic rates 95. The passage states that most cancer-causing mutations occur because of ______. A. inherited genetic defects B. environmental toxin exposure C. random DNA replication error D. terrible food choices 96. Which of the following behaviors does the expression “Don’t sweat the small stuff” (last paragraph) criticize? A. overemphasizing trivial biological data B. neglecting fundamental health principles C. rejecting cutting-edge medical technology D. underestimating genetic factors 97. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Genetic testing provides the most reliable health predictions among all forms of biohacking. B. Biohacking shifts the blame onto individuals for health problems that are often just bad luck. C. More advanced technology is needed to fully understand complex human biological systems. D. Ignoring modern health technologies is the key to better well-being. 【答案】94. B 95. C 96. A 97. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述生物黑客等长寿追求者观点的逻辑缺陷，指出人体复杂不可控，无需过度关注细节。 【94题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The trouble is that our bodies’ glucose response to food intake is far too inconsistent to produce informative results. Researchers in a recent study fed participants identical meals separated by one week in a highly controlled hospital environment, while the participants wore continuous glucose monitors. Even when eating identical meals under these artificial conditions, the glucose measurements from a given participant looked no more similar than when the participants each ate an entirely different meal. (问题在于，我们身体对食物摄入的葡萄糖反应极不稳定，无法得出有参考价值的结果。近期一项研究中，研究人员在高度可控的医院环境中，让参与者间隔一周食用完全相同的餐食，同时让他们佩戴持续葡萄糖监测仪。即便在这种人为控制的条件下食用相同餐食，同一参与者的葡萄糖测量结果之间的相似性，也并不比他们各自食用完全不同餐食时更高。)”可知，第三段提到葡萄糖监测研究是为了证明人体具有高度可变性和不可预测性。故选B项。 【95题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“More than two-thirds of cancer-causing mutations are not due to anything we’ve put our bodies through. They are the unavoidable result of random errors introduced in our DNA by the molecular machines that copy our DNA before our cells divide. (超过三分之二的致癌突变不是由于我们对身体所做的任何事情。它们是细胞分裂前复制DNA的分子机器在DNA中引入随机错误的不可避免的结果。)”可知，文章指出大多数致癌突变的发生是因为随机的DNA复制错误。故选C项。 【96题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“But obsessing over minute-to-minute changes in your glucose level or tracking your blood levels of a dozen different vitamins and minerals is unlikely to make a massive impact on your health. (但是，沉迷于葡萄糖水平的每分钟变化或追踪十几种不同维生素和矿物质的血液水平不太可能对您的健康产生巨大影响。)”可知，沉迷于健康数据不太可能对健康产生巨大影响，由此可知，作者反对过度关注琐碎的生理数据，所以划线句子“Don’t sweat the small stuff. (不要为小事烦恼。)”批评了“过度强调琐碎的生物数据”的行为。故选A项。 【97题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“There is a growing industry of people and companies selling biohacking advice, tracking devices, and supplements. They believe they are selling people hope for better health. In reality, they may be selling people guilt that they haven’t done more already to control their health and may create a burden of unachievable expectations. (越来越多的人和公司出售生物黑客建议、追踪设备和补充剂。他们认为自己在向人们出售改善健康的希望。实际上，他们可能在让人们感到内疚，因为他们没有做更多的事情来控制自己的健康，并可能造成无法实现的期望的负担。)”可推断，生物黑客将健康问题的责任推给个人，而这些问题往往只是运气不好。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are TWO MORE sentences than you need. Why People Feel “Tired but Wired” after Little Sleep? A full night’s rest is key to waking up alert and energized for the day. But many report feeling weirdly wired — and paradoxically (矛盾地) more productive — despite snoozing for three to four hours instead of the seven to nine hours most experts recommend for adults. But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest. “____98____,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep medicine researcher at Stanford Medicine. “Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.” When the brain senses sleep disruption, it protectively acts as if something might be very wrong, and survival instincts kick in. The body produces a physiological reaction to keep the brain alert and energized, explains Ben Simon, a neuroscientist and sleep researcher at the University of California, Berkeley. The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. ____99____ “That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says. ____100____ The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary, and it does not mean people’s brains are fully functional, however. Ben Simon says sleep loss experiments show people’s memory and attention are immediately impaired after a single night of sleep deprivation. ____101____ There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack. As Ben Simon puts it, “It took Mother Nature millions of years to perfect sleep — to give us optimal performance and mental health.” A. This in turn prompts the liver to release sugar as an immediate energy supply during the fight-or-flight response. B. The bottom line remains unchanged: You can’t cheat sleep. C. I can’t deny that, subjectively, people are feeling kind of wired. D. Some people mistakenly believe their heightened alertness reflects improved cognitive abilities. E. While caffeine may temporarily keep you awake, it cannot replace actual restorative sleep. F. Zeitzer adds that the rise in cortisol from insufficient sleep is only a small bump, just enough to hide fatigue for a few hours after waking. 【答案】98. C 99. A 100. F 101. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了为什么睡眠不足但异常亢奋的原因 【98题详解】 与下文“Physiologically speaking, that’s not happening. They’re not actually more alert.(从生理上讲，这并没有发生。他们实际上并没有变得更加警觉)”形成对比，C选项“我不能否认，主观上，人们感觉有点亢奋。”为Jamie Zeitzer的引语前半部分，承认了上文“But sleep scientists say the energy jolt some people claim to experience after acute sleep deprivation stems from a natural but fleeting sense of alertness that the brain uses to temporarily cope with insufficient rest.(但睡眠科学家表示，一些人声称在急性睡眠剥夺后经历的能量冲击源于大脑用来暂时应对休息不足的一种自然但短暂的警觉性)”人们主观上感觉“兴奋”这一现象，又与下文否认生理上的警觉提升形成对比，强调主观感受与生理现实矛盾。故选C项。 【99题详解】 由上文“The network of our nervous system produces the fight-or-flight response, which uses stored energy to react against approaching predators. A single night of sleep deprivation is a stressor, which acts via the central nervous system to activate the stress response network between the brain and the adrenal glands (肾上腺). The adrenal glands then secrete the wakefulness-promoting hormones — cortisol (皮质醇) and adrenaline. (我们的神经系统网络产生战斗或逃跑反应，它利用储存的能量对接近的捕食者做出反应。一夜睡眠不足是一种压力源，它通过中枢神经系统激活大脑和肾上腺之间的压力反应网络。肾上腺随后分泌促进清醒的激素——皮质醇和肾上腺素)”可知，上文描述肾上腺分泌皮质醇和肾上腺素后，该空需解释其在战斗或逃跑反应中的作用，A选项“这反过来又促使肝脏在战斗或逃跑反应中释放糖作为即时能量供应。”说明肝脏释放糖作为能量供应，逻辑连贯。故选A项。 【100题详解】 由上文““That level of energy people might feel after a short sleep might actually be the stress response the body and brain are provoking to fight off sleep loss,” Ben Simon says.(Ben Simon说：“人们在短暂睡眠后可能感受到的这种能量水平实际上可能是身体和大脑为对抗睡眠不足而引发的压力反应。”)”可知，Ben Simon指出能量感源于压力反应（讲的是其缺陷），该空需承接上文补充其局限性，F选项“Zeitzer补充说，睡眠不足引起的皮质醇升高只是一个很小的波动，只足以掩盖醒来后几个小时的疲劳。”解释皮质醇上升仅短暂掩盖疲劳，与下一段“The energy boost from the sympathetic nervous system is temporary(交感神经系统的能量提升是暂时的)”衔接。故选F项。 【101题详解】 下文“There is no shortcut to being ready to seize the day — not when sleep is already the greatest life hack.(要准备好抓住每一天，没有捷径可走——尤其是在睡眠已经是最棒的生活方式的时候)”强调睡眠无捷径，需总结性语句，B选项“底线保持不变：你不能欺骗睡眠。”点明核心结论，呼应睡眠的重要性。故选B项。 IV. Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 102. 还没有将锻炼纳入日常生活的一部分就先花大钱购买运动装备是人们的通病。(typical, commit) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is typical of people to commit substantial amounts of money to purchasing sports equipment before establishing exercise as part of their daily routine. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，固定句型It is typical of sb. to do sth. (某人做某事是典型的)，commit...to... (把……投入)后接动名词形式作宾语，substantial amounts of money (大钱)，purchase (购买)，sports equipment (运动装备)，介词before (在……以前)后接动名词形式作宾语，establish...as... (确立……为……)，exercise (锻炼)，part of their daily routine (他们日常生活的一部分)，故翻译为：It is typical of people to commit substantial amounts of money to purchasing sports equipment before establishing exercise as part of their daily routine. 103. 深色食物富含人体必需营养物质，是保持身材和维持长期健康的理想选择。(source, option）（汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Food in dark colors is a good source of essential nutrients, making them an ideal option for those who want to stay fit and maintain long-term health. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、形容词、动词短语、定语从句和非谓语动词。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时；“深色食物”可用名词短语food in dark colors，food不可数，“富含人体必需营养物质”可理解为“是人体必需营养物质的好来源”，“是”用be动词is，“……的好来源”可用名词短语a good source of，“人体必需营养物质”可用名词短语essential nutrients；“是保持身材和维持长期健康的理想选择”可理解为“使它们成为保持身材和维持长期健康的理想选择”，用现在分词作结果状语，表示随谓语行为自然产生的结果，“使”可用动词make，“它们”用代词them，“……的理想选择”可用名词短语an ideal option for；“选择”是针对“想保持身材和维持长期健康的人”而言的，可用代词those作for的宾语，用关系代词who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词those，“想做某事”可用动词短语want to do，“保持身材”可用动词短语stay fit，“和”用并列连词and，“维持长期健康”可用动词短语maintain long-term health。故翻译为Food in dark colors is a good source of essential nutrients, making them an ideal option for those who want to stay fit and maintain long-term health. 104. 尽管饱受疲惫之苦，她仍时常伏案工作，并充满热忱地谈及博览群书和保持自律的重要性。 （suffer；occupy）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although suffering from fatigue, she often occupied herself with desk work and spoke with considerable passion about the importance of reading extensively and staying disciplined. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句、动词短语、非谓语动词和名词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“尽管饱受疲惫之苦”可作让步状语，“她仍时常伏案工作，并充满热忱地谈及…… 的重要性”为主句。涉及到“suffer from”（遭受…… 之苦）和 “occupy oneself with sth.”（忙于某事）这两个短语的用法，以及非谓语动词作状语的知识。翻译“尽管饱受疲惫之苦”：“suffer from fatigue”表示“饱受疲惫之苦”。在句中作让步状语，因为句子主语“she”和“suffer from”之间是主动关系（即她遭受疲惫，是主动的动作），所以用现在分词形式“Although suffering from fatigue”。翻译“她仍时常伏案工作”：“occupy oneself with sth.”表示“忙于某事”，这里主语是 “she”，所以是“she occupied herself with desk - work”，“often”表示“时常”，放在实义动词“occupied”之前 。翻译“充满热忱地谈及博览群书和保持自律的重要性”：“speak about...”表示“谈及……”，“with considerable passion”表示“充满热忱地”，用来修饰“speak”这个动作。“the importance of...”表示“…… 的重要性”，“reading extensively”表示“博览群书”，“staying disciplined” 表示 “保持自律”，所以这部分翻译为spoke with considerable passion about the importance of reading extensively and staying disciplined。故翻译为Although suffering from fatigue, she often occupied herself with desk work and spoke with considerable passion about the importance of reading extensively and staying disciplined. 105. 作为南非首任黑人总统，曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体。他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。（further; award；empower）（汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】As the first black president of South Africa, Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语和被动语态。根据句意，“致力于”和“被授予”均为过去发生的动作，全句使用一般过去时；表示“作为”为as，位于句首，首字母需大写，“南非首任黑人总统”为the first black president of South Africa，所以表示“作为南非首任黑人总统”为介词短语As the first black president of South Africa作状语；表示“曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体”为主句，“曼德拉”为Mandela作主语，“毕生致力于”为dedicated his life to，“推动南非的改革事业”为further the cause of transforming South Africa，位于介词之后，所以further使用动名词形式furthering，表示“通过教育赋能弱势群体”为empower underprivileged people through education，作介词to的宾语，所以动词使用动名词形式，使用and连接两个动名词短语，所以“曼德拉毕生致力于推动南非的改革事业以及通过教育赋能弱势群体”可译为Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education.；表示“他因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力而被授予诺贝尔和平奖”为第二句，“他”为He作主语，“被授予”为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was awarded，“诺贝尔和平奖”为the Nobel Peace Prize，“因其在促进社会和经济改革方面的非凡努力”为for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms，所以第二句译为He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms.。故翻译为As the first black president of South Africa, Mandela dedicated his life to furthering the cause of transforming South Africa and empowering underprivileged people through education. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his extraordinary efforts to promote social and economic reforms. V. Writing (15分) 106. As the chief editor of your school newspaper, you received a letter from one of the students, seeking advice on a sleep-related issue. Read the letter, and give your reply. Dear Editor, I’m writing because I’ve been struggling with poor sleep lately, and it’s starting to affect my schoolwork and mood. Most nights, I find it hard to fall asleep, even when I’m tired. By morning, I feel exhausted, and it’s hard to focus in class. Could you help me? I’d really appreciate some tips. Thank you very much! Elisa Directions: Write a letter of 200 words to offer advice on how to solve the problem mentioned by Elisa. Your reply should include: A clear description of the problem that Elisa encountered; A reasonable analysis of possible causes of the problem; Some feasible solutions to the problem. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Elisa, Thank you for reaching out. I understand you’re struggling with falling asleep at night despite feeling tired, leading to daytime exhaustion, difficulty focusing in class, and a negative impact on your mood and schoolwork. This is a common but frustrating problem. Several factors could be contributing. The pressure of schoolwork might be keeping your mind active at bedtime. Using phones or computers late exposes you to blue light, which disrupts your body’s natural sleep signal (melatonin). An irregular sleep schedule or consuming caffeine/energy drinks late in the day can also interfere. First, establish a routine. You can create a relaxing pre-bed ritual. About an hour before bed, wind down. Read a (physical) book, take a warm bath, or listen to calm music. Second, optimize your environment. You can ensure your bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool. Consider blackout curtains or earplugs if needed. Besides, manage worries. If school stress keeps you awake, try writing down your concerns earlier in the evening to clear your mind. Finally, move wisely. Regular exercise during the day helps sleep, but avoid intense workouts close to bedtime. Start with one or two changes and be patient. I hope these tips help you find restful sleep soon! Yours, Chief Editor, School Newspaper 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。作为你们校报的主编，要求考生给有睡眠相关问题而寻求建议来信的学生Elisa回信，就如何解决Elisa提到的问题提供建议。 详解】1.词汇积累 尽管：despite→in spite of 导致：lead to→result in 集中(注意力)：focus→concentrate 此外：besides→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This is a common but frustrating problem. 拓展句：There is no doubt that this is a common but frustrating problem. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Using phones or computers late exposes you to blue light, which disrupts your body’s natural sleep signal (melatonin). (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If school stress keeps you awake, try writing down your concerns earlier in the evening to clear your mind. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$