专题4 代词七大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版内蒙古自治区(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-06-26
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编写说明:2026版内蒙古自治区(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和句型的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版内蒙古自治区(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第4个专题,内容为代词。 内蒙古2026年对口招生考试一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题4 代词(讲+练) 【考点解读】 从近三年的高考试题中可以看出,代词考点主要考查学生对各类代词的掌握程度,重点在于能否根据句子结构和语境,准确选用合适的形式,并正确理解其在句子中充当的成分,尤其是在易混淆点上的辨析与应用能力。 代词概说 (Introduction to Pronouns) 定义: 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词,避免重复,使语言简洁。 作用: 在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 【知识点清单一】人称代词 (Personal Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 人称代词的功能: 指代人或事物,表明说话人、听话人、第三者之间的人称和数的关系。 二、 人称代词的分类: 分为主格和宾格。 1. 主格 (Subjective Case): 在句子中作主语,通常位于动词之前。 I (我), you (你,你们), he (他), she (她), it (它), we (我们), they (他们/她们/它们) 2. 宾格 (Objective Case): 在句子中作宾语(动词或介词的宾语),通常位于动词之后或介词之后。 me (我), you (你,你们), him (他), her (她), it (它), us (我们), them (他们/她们/它们) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 主格与宾格的混淆: 错误:He give she a book. (give是及物动词,后面需要宾语) 正确:He give her a book. 错误:Look at I. (look at是介词短语,后面需要宾语) 正确:Look at me. 错误:The teacher is talking to we students. (talk to是介词短语) 正确:The teacher is talking to us students. 2. 并列人称代词的排列顺序: 通常按“第二人称(you) -> 第三人称(he/she/it/they) -> 第一人称(I/we)”的顺序排列。 例:You, he and I will go together. (我和你、他一起走) You, she and I need to finish the work. (你、她和我需要完成工作) 注意:承担错误责任时,第一人称放在前面。I and he made the mistake. 3. it的特殊用法: ●指代上文提到过的事物或动物。 I have a cat. It is very cute. ●指代婴儿或性别不明的人。 Is it a boy or a girl? ●指代时间、天气、距离、环境等。 It is 8 o'clock now. It is fine today. ●作形式主语或形式宾语,代替后面的不定式、动名词或从句。 It is important to learn English. (真正主语是不定式to learn English) I find it difficult to finish the task on time. (真正宾语是不定式to finish...) 【即时训练】 1. Look at _______! I have something important to tell _______. A. he, him B. him, he C. his, him D. him, his 2. _______ is my brother, and _______ is my sister. A. He, she B. Him, her C. His, her D. She, he 3. My parents love _______ very much, and _______ love them too. A. I, me B. me, I C. my, me D. me, my 4. The teacher gave the books to _______ and _______. A. I, she B. me, her C. my, her D. me, she 5. _______ are students in Class Two. _______ study hard every day. A. We, Us B. Us, We C. Our, We D. We, We 6. Please help _______ with _______ homework, will you? A. me, me B. I, my C. me, my D. I, me 7. Who is that boy over there? — _______ is my cousin. A. He B. Him C. His D. She 8. The students are all here except _______ and _______. A. I, she B. me, her C. my, her D. me, she 9. _______ parents often take _______ to the park on weekends. A. My, I B. My, me C. Me, I D. Mine, me 10. Can you see _______ in the mirror? It's _______. A. something, I B. anything, me C. something, me D. anything, I 11. The cat is sleeping on _______ armchair. Please ask _______ to get off. A. her, it B. its, it C. her, her D. its, her 12. — Who broke the window? — _______ did it by _______. A. He, himself B. Him, himself C. His, himself D. He, his 13. _______ are good friends. We often help _______. A. Us, us B. We, us C. We, we D. Us, we 14. This is Lily. _______ is a kind girl. _______ always helps others. A. She, She B. Her, Her C. She, Her D. Her, She 15. The box is too heavy for _______. Can you help _______? A. I, me B. me, I C. my, me D. me, me 【知识点清单二】物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 物主代词的功能: 表示所有关系,相当于“……的”。 二、 物主代词的分类: 分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 1. 形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives): 在句子中作定语,修饰名词,后面必须跟名词。 my (我的), your (你的,你们的), his (他的), her (她的), its (它的), our (我们的), their (他们的/她们的/它们的) 例:This is my book. Her name is Li Mei. 2. 名词性物主代词 (Possessive Nouns): 具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语,后面不能再跟名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。 mine (我的), yours (你的,你们的), his (他的), hers (她的), its (它的), ours (我们的), theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的) 例:This book is mine. ( = This book is my book.) Is this yours? ( = Is this your thing/pen/...) His is on the desk. ( = His book/pencil-box is on the desk.) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 形容词性物主代词后面忘记加名词: 错误:I like her. 正确:I like her book. / I like hers. (如果指代前面提到过的名词) 2. 名词性物主代词后面错误地加了名词: 错误:This pen is mys. 正确:This pen is mine. 3. 区分his, its: 这两个既是形容词性物主代词,也是名词性物主代词,形式相同。 【即时训练】 1. This is _______ classroom. Over there is _______. A. our, theirs B. ours, their C. our, their D. ours, theirs 2. _______ bike is red, but _______ is blue. A. His, Hers B. His, Her C. He's, Her D. Him, Hers 3. I like this coat very much. It's very beautiful. It's _______. A. mine B. my C. me D. myself 4. Excuse me, is this _______ pen? No, it's not _______. _______ is on the desk. A. your, yours, Mine B. yours, your, My C. your, yours, My D. yours, your, Mine 5. These are _______ books. Please give them to _______. A. they, them B. their, them C. theirs, they D. their, theirs 6. This isn't _______ bag. _______ is black. A. her, Hers B. hers, Her C. her, Her D. hers, Hers 7. Where are _______ parents? They are at _______ home now. A. you, you B. your, your C. your, yours D. you, yours 8. I have a sister. _______ name is Lucy. A. Her B. She C. Hers D. Hes 9. Is that _______ pencil-box? No, it's _______. A. she, her B. her, she C. hers, her D. her, hers 10. _______ room is big, but _______ is small. A. Our, Their B. Ours, Theirs C. Our, Theirs D. Ours, Their 11. I lost _______ keys. Can I use _______? A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, yours D. mine, your 12. This is _______ teacher. _______ is very kind to us. A. she, She B. her, Her C. she, Her D. her, She 13. The red car is _______. _______ is very fast. A. his, It B. him, Its C. his, Its D. him, It 14. Are these _______ shoes? Yes, they are _______. A. their, theirs B. theirs, their C. their, theirs D. theirs, theirs 15. _______ house is near the river, but _______ is far from it. A. Her, His B. Hers, His C. Her, His D. Hers, His 【知识点清单三】反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 反身代词的功能:表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物,意为“……自己”。 二、 反身代词的构成:人称代词或物主代词 + -self (单数) / -selves (复数)。 myself (我自己), yourself (你自己), himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己), ourselves (我们自己), yourselves (你们自己), themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 三、 反身代词的用法: 1. 作宾语: 表示动作回到动作执行者本身。 I teach myself English. (我自学英语。) The cat hurt itself. (猫自己弄伤了。) 2. 作表语: 表示“就是本人/本人亲自”。 It was I myself who did it. (这件事是我亲自做的。) 3. 作同位语: 表示强调,常放在名词、代词或动词之后,意为“亲自,本人”。 I myself can do it. = I can do it myself. (我自己能做。) The king himself came to see me. (国王亲自来看我。) 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 与强调用法混淆: 有时反身代词作同位语强调时,位置比较灵活,但作宾语时必须放在动词之后。 误用: 不要在不需要反身代词的地方使用。例如,想表达“我很好”时,用“I am fine.”,而不是“I am fine myself.”(除非想特别强调“是我自己感觉很好,与他人无关”)。 【即时训练】 1. He cut ______ while cooking dinner last night. A. himself B. himselfs C. himselfself D. hisself 2. Don't be shy. Try to express ______ clearly in the meeting. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 3. The little girl is old enough to dress ______ now. A. herself B. her C. she D. hers 4. The students enjoyed ______ very much at the party last weekend. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they 5. If you need help, you can always depend on ______. A. myself B. yourself C. yourselfs D. your 6. "Be careful when you cross the road," the mother warned ______. A. herself B. himself C. myself D. yourself 7. The actor didn't need a spokesman; he presented ______ in the press conference. A. himself B. him C. he D. his 8. We must do our homework by ______, and we can't copy others'. A. ourselves B. ourselves C. ourself D. ours 9. Peter and John cooked the meal without any help. A. themselves B. themself C. theirself D. them 10. If you want others to respect ______, you should first respect ______. A. you, yourself B. yourself, you C. you, you D. yourself, yourself 【知识点清单四】指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 指示代词的功能: 指明事物,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。 二、 指示代词的分类: this (这个), that (那个) these (这些), those (那些) 三、 指示代词的用法: 1. 单独使用,代替名词: This is my bag. (指较近的事物) That is a car. (指较远的事物) These are apples. (指较近的复数事物) Those are trees. (指较远的复数事物) 2. 作定语修饰名词: This book is interesting. I like those flowers. 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. this/these 与 that/those 的远近区分: 这是最基本也是最容易混淆的地方,注意观察或想象所指事物的距离。 2. this/that 可以指代上文或下文提到的事情: -- I'm tired. (我累了。) -- This is understandable. (这可以理解。) -- I will go to Beijing next week. (下周我将去北京。) -- Really? That would be great! (真的?那太棒了!) 3. that/those 指代上文提到的同类事物,避免重复: The apples I bought yesterday are cheaper than those you bought today. (我昨天买的苹果比你今天买的价格便宜。) 【即时训练】 1. Look at __________ birds over there. They are very beautiful. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2. __________ is my brother, and __________ is my sister. A. This, that B. That, this C. These, those D. Those, these 3. I like __________ flowers more than __________ ones on the table. A. these, those B. those, these C. this, that D. that, this 4. — What's __________ on the desk? — It's a book. A. this B. that C. these D. those 5. — Who is __________ speaking on the phone? — It's my friend. A. this B. that C. these D. those 6. __________ apples are red, and __________ are green. A. This, that B. That, this C. These, those D. Those, these 7. Can you see __________ small boat in the distance? A. this B. that C. these D. those 8. I don't like __________ color. Can you show me __________ ? A. this, that B. that, this C. these, those D. those, these 9. — What did you say just now? — I said __________ . A. this B. that C. these D. those 10. __________ students are from Class One, and over there are __________ from Class Two. A. These, those B. Those, these C. This, that D. That, these 【知识点清单五】疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 疑问代词的功能: 用于构成特殊疑问句,代替名词,表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪个”等。 二、 疑问代词的分类及用法: ●who (谁): 询问人的身份,在句子中作主语。 Who is knocking at the door? (敲门的是谁?) ●whom (谁): 询问人的对象,在句子中作宾语(虽然口语中常被who代替,但语法上应区分)。 Whom did you see just now? (你刚才看见谁了?) -> More common: Who did you see just now? ●whose (谁的): 询问所有者,在句子中作定语。 Whose book is this? (这是谁的书?) ●what (什么): 询问事物或身份(当指人时,常指职业或身份)。 What is this? (这是什么?) What is your father? / What does your father do? (你父亲是做什么的?) ●which (哪个,哪些): 询问特定范围内的选择。 Which color do you like, red or blue? (你更喜欢哪个颜色,红色还是蓝色?) Which students will go on the trip? (哪些学生将去旅行?) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. who/whom 的主宾语区分: 虽然 whom 用得越来越少,但在正式考试或语法分析中仍需注意其作宾语的用法。 2. what/which 的区分: what 是开放式提问,which 是在有限选项中提问。学生容易混淆,比如问颜色时,用 which 更准确。 【知识点清单六】相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 相互代词的功能: 表示两者或两者以上之间的相互关系,意为“互相”。 二、 相互代词的形式: each other (互相,彼此,通常指两者之间) 和 one another (互相,彼此,通常指两者以上之间,但在现代英语中两者常可互换)。 三、 相互代词的用法:在句子中作宾语。 They write to each other every week. (他们每周互相写信。) The students in the class help one another. (班里的学生互相帮助。) 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 不能作主语:不能说 Each other likes music. 应该说 They like music each other. (他们互相喜欢音乐。) 或 They like music. 2. 区分 each 和 each other: each 强调个体,each other 强调相互关系。 Each student has a book. (每个学生都有一本书。) The students give books to each other. (学生们互相赠送书。) 【即时训练】 1. The two students helped _______ with their difficult math homework. A. each other B. one C. other D. another 2. In the small village, everyone knows _______ quite well. A. each other B. one another C. one D. other 3. The twins looked at _______ in the mirror, trying to see who looked better. A. each other B. one another C. one D. themselves 4. The two teams showed great respect _______ during the friendly match. A. each other B. to each other C. one another D. to one another 5. The two neighbours often argue _______ over trivial matters. A. each other B. with each other C. one another D. at each other 【知识点清单七】不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 不定代词的功能: 指代人或事物,但所指对象不明确或不具体。 二、 不定代词的分类: 1. 肯定含义: some (一些), any (一些,任何), many (许多), much (许多), few (很少,修饰可数), a few (几个,修饰可数,表肯定), little (很少,修饰不可数), a little (一点,修饰不可数,表肯定), all (所有,全部), both (两者都), either (两者中的任何一个), neither (两者都不), each (每个), every (每个,每一), one (一个,一个人/物), other (另一个人/物,泛指), another (另一个,泛指), others (其他的人/物,泛指), the other (两者中的另一个,特指), the others (剩下的全部,特指), everyone / everybody (每个人), someone / somebody (某人), anyone / anybody (任何人), everything (每件事,所有事物), something (某事,某物), nothing (没有什么) 2. 否定含义: none (没有人/没有任何东西), no one / nobody (没有人), nothing (没有什么) 三、 用法要点: 1. some 和 any 的区别: some 通常用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句。 但在表示请求、建议、征求意见或期望对方肯定回答的疑问句中,用 some。 Could you give me some water? (你能给我一些水吗?) Somebody is knocking at the door. (有人在敲门。) 2. many, much, few, a few, little, a little 的区别: many 修饰可数名词复数,much 修饰不可数名词,都表示“许多”。 few 修饰可数名词复数,a few 也修饰可数名词复数,但 few 表否定意义(很少,几乎没有),a few 表肯定意义(有几个)。 little 修饰不可数名词,a little 也修饰不可数名词,little 表否定意义(很少,几乎没有),a little 表肯定意义(一点)。 There are few students in the classroom. (教室里几乎没有学生。) There are a few students in the classroom. (教室里有几个学生。) There is little time left. (几乎没有时间了。) There is a little time left. (还剩一点时间。) 3. all, both, every, each 的区别: all 强调“全部”,both 强调“两者都”,each 强调“每一个(个体)”,every 强调“每一个(整体概念)”。注意它们与名词、动词的位置关系。 4. other, another, others, the other, the others 的区别: other 作形容词,泛指“其他的”,后接名词。 another = an + other,泛指“另一个”(三者或以上中的任意一个),可作代词或形容词。 others = other + people/things,泛指“其他的人或物”(部分)。 the other 特指“两者中的另一个”,后可接单数名词,也可单独作代词。the others = the other + 可数名词复数,特指“剩余的全部”。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. (我有两支笔,一支是红的,另一支是蓝的。) I have many pens. One is red, the others are blue. (我有很多支笔,一支是红的,其余的都是蓝的。) Some students are singing, others are dancing. (一些学生在唱歌,其他一些在跳舞。) Please give me another chance. (请再给我一次机会。) 5. 复合不定代词 (someone, anybody, nothing 等): 由 some, any, no, every + one, body, thing 构成。 含有 some 的通常用于肯定句,含有 any 的通常用于否定句和疑问句(特殊用法同 some/any)。 修饰语通常后置。 Is there anything important? (有什么重要的事吗?) He is somebody famous. (他是个名人。) I want to buy something special. (我想买些特别的东西。) 【即时训练】 1. There is _______ interesting in this book. It's just a collection of facts. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 2. I'm thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 3. I have _______ to tell you. Please sit down. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 4. The room is too crowded. There isn't _______ here for me. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 5. _______ knows the answer to this question. It's a secret. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 6. I don't like this color. Do you have _______ else? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 7. _______ of the students in our class likes playing basketball. A. All B. Both C. Every D. Each 8. There are _______ trees on _______ sides of the road. A. both; both B. all; all C. both; either D. all; both 9. You can choose _______ of the two books. They are both interesting. A. either B. neither C. both D. all 10. _______ of the students passed the exam. Only a few failed. A. Most B. Almost C. Mostly D. Mostly 11. I can't find my keys. I think I've lost _______. A. them B. it C. those D. one 12. This book is mine. _______ over there is my friend's. A. One B. It C. That D. This 13. I don't like this color. Do you have _______ in blue? A. one B. it C. that D. this 14. He is not _______ he used to be. He has changed a lot. A. that B. what C. which D. who 15. _______ is important is that we should work hard. A. What B. That C. It D. This 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:2026版内蒙古自治区(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和句型的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版内蒙古自治区(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第4个专题,内容为代词。 内蒙古2026年对口招生考试一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题4 代词(讲+练) 【考点解读】 从近三年的高考试题中可以看出,代词考点主要考查学生对各类代词的掌握程度,重点在于能否根据句子结构和语境,准确选用合适的形式,并正确理解其在句子中充当的成分,尤其是在易混淆点上的辨析与应用能力。 代词概说 (Introduction to Pronouns) 定义: 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词,避免重复,使语言简洁。 作用: 在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 【知识点清单一】人称代词 (Personal Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 人称代词的功能: 指代人或事物,表明说话人、听话人、第三者之间的人称和数的关系。 二、 人称代词的分类: 分为主格和宾格。 1. 主格 (Subjective Case): 在句子中作主语,通常位于动词之前。 I (我), you (你,你们), he (他), she (她), it (它), we (我们), they (他们/她们/它们) 2. 宾格 (Objective Case): 在句子中作宾语(动词或介词的宾语),通常位于动词之后或介词之后。 me (我), you (你,你们), him (他), her (她), it (它), us (我们), them (他们/她们/它们) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 主格与宾格的混淆: 错误:He give she a book. (give是及物动词,后面需要宾语) 正确:He give her a book. 错误:Look at I. (look at是介词短语,后面需要宾语) 正确:Look at me. 错误:The teacher is talking to we students. (talk to是介词短语) 正确:The teacher is talking to us students. 2. 并列人称代词的排列顺序: 通常按“第二人称(you) -> 第三人称(he/she/it/they) -> 第一人称(I/we)”的顺序排列。 例:You, he and I will go together. (我和你、他一起走) You, she and I need to finish the work. (你、她和我需要完成工作) 注意:承担错误责任时,第一人称放在前面。I and he made the mistake. 3. it的特殊用法: ●指代上文提到过的事物或动物。 I have a cat. It is very cute. ●指代婴儿或性别不明的人。 Is it a boy or a girl? ●指代时间、天气、距离、环境等。 It is 8 o'clock now. It is fine today. ●作形式主语或形式宾语,代替后面的不定式、动名词或从句。 It is important to learn English. (真正主语是不定式to learn English) I find it difficult to finish the task on time. (真正宾语是不定式to finish...) 【即时训练】 1. Look at _______! I have something important to tell _______. A. he, him B. him, he C. his, him D. him, his 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词主格和宾格的用法。第一个空在 look at 短语之后,作介词宾语,应用宾格 him。但这里 look at 后面通常直接跟宾格,所以可能是考察后面 tell 的宾语,tell 后面需要宾格,是 him。第二个空作动词 tell 的宾语,应用宾格 him。所以选 A。句意:看他!我有重要的事情要告诉他。 2. _______ is my brother, and _______ is my sister. A. He, she B. Him, her C. His, her D. She, he 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词主格的用法。两个空都在 be 动词 is 之后,作主语,应用主格。第一个空指代男性,用 he;第二个空指代女性,用 she。故选 A。句意:他是我哥哥,她是我姐姐。 3. My parents love _______ very much, and _______ love them too. A. I, me B. me, I C. my, me D. me, my 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词宾格和主格的用法。第一个空在 love 之后,作宾语,应用宾格 me。第二个空在 love 之前,作主语,应用主格 I。故选 B。句意:我的父母非常爱我,我也爱他们。 4. The teacher gave the books to _______ and _______. A. I, she B. me, her C. my, her D. me, she 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词宾格的用法。give sth. to sb. 中,to 后面跟的是介词宾语,应用宾格。第一个空指代“我”,用 me;第二个空指代“她”,用 her。故选 B。句意:老师把书给了我和她。 5. _______ are students in Class Two. _______ study hard every day. A. We, Us B. Us, We C. Our, We D. We, We 【答案】D 【解析】考查人称代词主格的用法。第一个空在 are 之前,作主语,应用主格 We。第二个空在 study 之前,作主语,应用主格 We。故选 D。句意:我们是二班的学生。我们每天都努力学习。 6. Please help _______ with _______ homework, will you? A. me, me B. I, my C. me, my D. I, me 【答案】C 【解析】考查人称代词宾格和形容词性物主代词的用法。help sb. with sth. 中,sb. 是宾语,应用宾格 me;with 后面是名词 homework,前面应用形容词性物主代词 my。故选 C。句意:请帮助我做我的作业,好吗? 7. Who is that boy over there? — _______ is my cousin. A. He B. Him C. His D. She 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词主格的用法。be 动词 is 之后应用主语,指代 that boy(男性),应用主格 He。句意:那边那个男孩是谁?——他是我的表哥/堂哥。 8. The students are all here except _______ and _______. A. I, she B. me, her C. my, her D. me, she 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词宾格的用法。except 是介词,后面跟宾语,应用宾格。第一个空指代“我”,用 me;第二个空指代“她”,用 her。故选 B。句意:除了我和她,所有学生都在这里。 9. _______ parents often take _______ to the park on weekends. A. My, I B. My, me C. Me, I D. Mine, me 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和人称代词宾格的用法。第一个空修饰名词 parents,应用形容词性物主代词 my。第二个空在 take to 短语中,作介词 to 的宾语,应用宾格 me。故选 B。句意:我的父母经常在周末带我去公园。 10. Can you see _______ in the mirror? It's _______. A. something, I B. anything, me C. something, me D. anything, I 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词和人称代词宾格的用法。see sth. in the mirror 是肯定句,something 常用于肯定句,anything 常用于否定和疑问句,但 something 更自然。第二个空在 It's 之后,看似主语,但实际是 see 的间接宾语(see sb. do sth. 的变体),应用宾格 me。故选 C。句意:你能在镜子里看到什么吗?那是我。 11. The cat is sleeping on _______ armchair. Please ask _______ to get off. A. her, it B. its, it C. her, her D. its, her 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和人称代词宾格的用法。第一个空修饰名词 armchair,cat 是物,用 its。第二个空 ask sb. to do sth. 中,sb. 是宾语,指代 cat,用宾格 it。故选 B。句意:猫睡在它的扶手椅上。请叫它下来。 12. — Who broke the window? — _______ did it by _______. A. He, himself B. Him, himself C. His, himself D. He, his 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词主格和反身代词的用法。第一个空在 did it 之前,作主语,指人,用主格 He。第二个空 by oneself 表示“独自地”,指代 He,用反身代词 himself。故选 A。句意:——谁打破了窗户?——他自己干的。 13. _______ are good friends. We often help _______. A. Us, us B. We, us C. We, we D. Us, we 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词主格和宾格的用法。第一个空在 are 之前,作主语,用主格 We。第二个空在 help 之后,作宾语,用宾格 us。故选 B。句意:我们是好朋友。我们经常互相帮助。 14. This is Lily. _______ is a kind girl. _______ always helps others. A. She, She B. Her, Her C. She, Her D. Her, She 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词主格的用法。第一个空在 is 之后,作主语,用主格 She。第二个空在 always helps 之前,作主语,用主格 She。故选 A。句意:这是莉莉。她是个善良的女孩。她总是帮助别人。 15. The box is too heavy for _______. Can you help _______? A. I, me B. me, I C. my, me D. me, me 【答案】B 【解析】考查人称代词宾格的用法。for 是介词,后面跟宾语,第一个空指代“我”,用宾格 me。第二个空在 help 之后,作宾语,用宾格 me。故选 B。句意:这个箱子对我来说太重了。你能帮助我吗? 【知识点清单二】物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 物主代词的功能: 表示所有关系,相当于“……的”。 二、 物主代词的分类: 分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 1. 形容词性物主代词 (Possessive Adjectives): 在句子中作定语,修饰名词,后面必须跟名词。 my (我的), your (你的,你们的), his (他的), her (她的), its (它的), our (我们的), their (他们的/她们的/它们的) 例:This is my book. Her name is Li Mei. 2. 名词性物主代词 (Possessive Nouns): 具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语,后面不能再跟名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。 mine (我的), yours (你的,你们的), his (他的), hers (她的), its (它的), ours (我们的), theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的) 例:This book is mine. ( = This book is my book.) Is this yours? ( = Is this your thing/pen/...) His is on the desk. ( = His book/pencil-box is on the desk.) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 形容词性物主代词后面忘记加名词: 错误:I like her. 正确:I like her book. / I like hers. (如果指代前面提到过的名词) 2. 名词性物主代词后面错误地加了名词: 错误:This pen is mys. 正确:This pen is mine. 3. 区分his, its: 这两个既是形容词性物主代词,也是名词性物主代词,形式相同。 【即时训练】 1. This is _______ classroom. Over there is _______. A. our, theirs B. ours, their C. our, their D. ours, theirs 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 classroom,应用形容词性物主代词 our。第二个空在 is 之后,后面没有名词,应用名词性物主代词 theirs,意为“他们的教室”。故选 C。句意:这是我们的教室。那边是他们的。 2. _______ bike is red, but _______ is blue. A. His, Hers B. His, Her C. He's, Her D. Him, Hers 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词的用法。两个空都修饰名词 bike,应用形容词性物主代词。第一个空指代男性的车,用 his;第二个空指代女性的车,用 her。故选 A。句意:他的自行车是红色的,但她的(自行车)是蓝色的。 3. I like this coat very much. It's very beautiful. It's _______. A. mine B. my C. me D. myself 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性物主代词的用法。It's 之后没有名词 coat,应用名词性物主代词 mine,意为“我的(外套)”。my 是形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词;me 是宾格;myself 是反身代词。故选 A。句意:我非常喜欢这件外套。它非常漂亮。它是我的。 4. Excuse me, is this _______ pen? No, it's not _______. _______ is on the desk. A. your, yours, Mine B. yours, your, My C. your, yours, My D. yours, your, Mine 【答案】A 【解析】考查物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 pen,用形容词性物主代词 your。第二个空在 not 之后,没有名词,用名词性物主代词 yours。第三个空在 is 之后,没有名词,用名词性物主代词 Mine。故选 A。句意:打扰一下,这是你的钢笔吗?不,它不是你的。我的在桌子上。 5. These are _______ books. Please give them to _______. A. they, them B. their, them C. theirs, they D. their, theirs 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和宾格的用法。第一个空修饰名词 books,用形容词性物主代词 their。第二个空在 give to 之后,作介词宾语,用宾格 them。故选 B。句意:这些是他们的书。请把它们交给他们。 6. This isn't _______ bag. _______ is black. A. her, Hers B. hers, Her C. her, Her D. hers, Hers 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 bag,用形容词性物主代词 her。第二个空在 is 之后,后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 Hers。故选 C。句意:这不是她的包。她的(包)是黑色的。 7. Where are _______ parents? They are at _______ home now. A. you, you B. your, your C. your, yours D. you, yours 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 parents,用形容词性物主代词 your。第二个空在 at home 中,home 前需要修饰语,用名词性物主代词 yours,意为“你(们)的家”。故选 C。句意:你的父母在哪里?他们现在在家。 8. I have a sister. _______ name is Lucy. A. Her B. She C. Hers D. Hes 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词的用法。name 前需要形容词作定语,用形容词性物主代词 her,意为“她的”。She 是主格;Hers 是名词性物主代词;Hes 不是一个正确的代词形式。故选 A。句意:我有一个姐姐。她的名字是露西。 9. Is that _______ pencil-box? No, it's _______. A. she, her B. her, she C. hers, her D. her, hers 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 pencil-box,用形容词性物主代词 her。第二个空在 is 之后,后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 hers。故选 D。句意:那是她的铅笔盒吗?不,它是她的(铅笔盒)。 10. _______ room is big, but _______ is small. A. Our, Their B. Ours, Theirs C. Our, Theirs D. Ours, Their 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 room,用形容词性物主代词 our。第二个空在 is 之后,后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 theirs。故选 C。句意:我们的房间很大,但他们的(房间)很小。 11. I lost _______ keys. Can I use _______? A. my, your B. mine, yours C. my, yours D. mine, your 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 keys,用形容词性物主代词 my。第二个空在 use 之后,作宾语,但这里 use 后面通常跟名词或代词作宾语,如果省略了 keys,则应用名词性物主代词 yours。故选 C。句意:我丢失了我的钥匙。我能用你的(钥匙)吗? 12. This is _______ teacher. _______ is very kind to us. A. she, She B. her, Her C. she, Her D. her, She 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和主格的用法。第一个空修饰名词 teacher,用形容词性物主代词 her。第二个空在 is 之后,作主语,用主格 she。故选 D。句意:她是我们的老师。她对我们非常好。 13. The red car is _______. _______ is very fast. A. his, It B. him, Its C. his, Its D. him, It 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和主格的用法。第一个空在 is 之后,后面没有名词 car,用名词性物主代词 his。第二个空在 is 之后,指代前面的 the red car,作主语,用主格 it。故选 A。句意:那辆红色的车是他的。它(车)非常快。 14. Are these _______ shoes? Yes, they are _______. A. their, theirs B. theirs, their C. their, theirs D. theirs, theirs 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词 shoes,用形容词性物主代词 their。第二个空在 are 之后,后面没有名词 shoes,用名词性物主代词 theirs。故选 C。句意:这些是他们的鞋吗?是的,它们是他们的。 15. _______ house is near the river, but _______ is far from it. A. Her, His B. Hers, His C. Her, His D. Hers, His 【答案】A 【解析】考查形容词性物主代词的用法。两个空都修饰名词 house,应用形容词性物主代词。第一个空指代女性的房子,用 her;第二个空指代男性的房子,用 his。故选 A。句意:她的房子靠近河边,但他的(房子)离它很远。 【知识点清单三】反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 反身代词的功能:表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物,意为“……自己”。 二、 反身代词的构成:人称代词或物主代词 + -self (单数) / -selves (复数)。 myself (我自己), yourself (你自己), himself (他自己), herself (她自己), itself (它自己), ourselves (我们自己), yourselves (你们自己), themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) 三、 反身代词的用法: 1. 作宾语: 表示动作回到动作执行者本身。 I teach myself English. (我自学英语。) The cat hurt itself. (猫自己弄伤了。) 2. 作表语: 表示“就是本人/本人亲自”。 It was I myself who did it. (这件事是我亲自做的。) 3. 作同位语: 表示强调,常放在名词、代词或动词之后,意为“亲自,本人”。 I myself can do it. = I can do it myself. (我自己能做。) The king himself came to see me. (国王亲自来看我。) 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 与强调用法混淆: 有时反身代词作同位语强调时,位置比较灵活,但作宾语时必须放在动词之后。 误用: 不要在不需要反身代词的地方使用。例如,想表达“我很好”时,用“I am fine.”,而不是“I am fine myself.”(除非想特别强调“是我自己感觉很好,与他人无关”)。 【即时训练】 1. He cut ______ while cooking dinner last night. A. himself B. himselfs C. himselfself D. hisself 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句中主语是 He(他),反身代词应与其一致,用 himself。反身代词没有 hisself 或 himselfs 这样的形式。故选 A。句意:他昨晚做饭时割伤了自己。 2. Don't be shy. Try to express ______ clearly in the meeting. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句中主语是 you(你/你们,通常指单数你”时),反身代词应用 yourself。如果主语是复数 you(你们),则用 yourselves。根据语境,通常指单数你”,故选 B。句意:别害羞。试着在会议上清晰地表达你自己。 3. The little girl is old enough to dress ______ now. A. herself B. her C. she D. hers 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句中主语是 The little girl(小女孩),反身代词应与其一致,用 herself。her 是宾格或所有格形容词,she 是主格,hers 是名词性所有格,都不能作反身代词。故选 A。句意:这个小女孩现在足够大了,可以自己穿衣服了。 4. The students enjoyed ______ very much at the party last weekend. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they 【答案】C 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句中主语是 The students(学生们),是复数,反身代词应用 themselves。them 是宾格,their 是所有格形容词,they 是主格,都不能作反身代词。故选 C。句意:学生们在上周末的聚会上玩得很开心。 5. If you need help, you can always depend on ______. A. myself B. yourself C. yourselfs D. your 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句中 depend on(依赖)后面的宾语是指你自己”,应用反身代词 yourself。myself 是我”的反身代词,与主语 you 不一致;yourselfs 不是正确的形式;your 是所有格形容词。故选 B。句意:如果你需要帮助,你总是可以依靠你自己。 6. "Be careful when you cross the road," the mother warned ______. A. herself B. himself C. myself D. yourself 【答案】D 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。warned 后面是指警告的对象”,这里是母亲在警告她自己”,应用反身代词 yourself(虽然主语是母亲 she,但这里强调的是对听话人/自己提出的建议,常用 yourself)。如果主语是第一人称 I,则用 myself;第三人称 he/she/it,则用 himself/herself。这里最符合语境的是 yourself。句意:过马路时要小心,”母亲警告自己。 7. The actor didn't need a spokesman; he presented ______ in the press conference. A. himself B. him C. he D. his 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。presented(介绍,呈现)后面是指介绍的客体”,即他自己”,应用反身代词 himself。him 是宾格,he 是主格,his 是所有格形容词,都不能作反身代词。故选 A。句意:这位演员不需要发言人;他在新闻发布会上亲自介绍了自己。 8. We must do our homework by ______, and we can't copy others'. A. ourselves B. ourselves C. ourself D. ours 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。by oneself(独自地,靠自己地)是固定搭配。主语是 We(我们),是复数,所以用 ourselves。ourself 不是正确的反身代词形式;ours 是名词性所有格。故选 A。句意:我们必须自己完成作业,不能抄袭别人的。 9. Peter and John cooked the meal without any help. A. themselves B. themself C. theirself D. them 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。主语是 Peter and John(彼得和约翰),是复数,反身代词应用 themselves。themself 和 theirself 不是正确的反身代词形式。故选 A。句意:彼得和约翰没有任何帮助,自己做了这顿饭。 10. If you want others to respect ______, you should first respect ______. A. you, yourself B. yourself, you C. you, you D. yourself, yourself 【答案】A 【解析】考查人称代词宾格和反身代词的用法。第一个空是动词 respect(尊重)的宾语,指代他人”,应用宾格 you。第二个空是动词 respect 的宾语,指代你自己”,应用反身代词 yourself。故选 A。句意:如果你想得到他人的尊重,你应该首先尊重你自己。 【知识点清单四】指示代词 (Demonstrative Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 指示代词的功能: 指明事物,表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。 二、 指示代词的分类: this (这个), that (那个) these (这些), those (那些) 三、 指示代词的用法: 1. 单独使用,代替名词: This is my bag. (指较近的事物) That is a car. (指较远的事物) These are apples. (指较近的复数事物) Those are trees. (指较远的复数事物) 2. 作定语修饰名词: This book is interesting. I like those flowers. 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. this/these 与 that/those 的远近区分: 这是最基本也是最容易混淆的地方,注意观察或想象所指事物的距离。 2. this/that 可以指代上文或下文提到的事情: -- I'm tired. (我累了。) -- This is understandable. (这可以理解。) -- I will go to Beijing next week. (下周我将去北京。) -- Really? That would be great! (真的?那太棒了!) 3. that/those 指代上文提到的同类事物,避免重复: The apples I bought yesterday are cheaper than those you bought today. (我昨天买的苹果比你今天买的价格便宜。) 【即时训练】 1. Look at __________ birds over there. They are very beautiful. A. this B. that C. these D. those 【答案】D 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。句中 birds 是复数名词,且指代的是“那边”的鸟,应用复数指示代词 those。故选 D。句意:看那边那些鸟。它们非常漂亮。 2. __________ is my brother, and __________ is my sister. A. This, that B. That, this C. These, those D. Those, these 【答案】A 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。第一个空指代近处的人(哥哥),用 this;第二个空指代稍远处的人(姐姐),用 that。故选 A。句意:这是我的哥哥,那是我的姐姐。 3. I like __________ flowers more than __________ ones on the table. A. these, those B. those, these C. this, that D. that, this 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。ones 指代 flowers,是复数。第一个空指代离说话人较远的“这些”花,用 those;第二个空指代离说话人较近的“那些”花(桌子上的),用 these。故选 B。句意:我更喜欢那些花,而不是桌子上的这些。 4. — What's __________ on the desk? — It's a book. A. this B. that C. these D. those 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。问句询问的是“桌子上的那个东西是什么?”,指代单数物品,且通常指较近处的东西,用 that。答句中的 It's a book 也提示了单数。故选 B。句意:——桌子上的那个是什么?——那是一本书。 5. — Who is __________ speaking on the phone? — It's my friend. A. this B. that C. these D. those 【答案】A 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。在打电话时,询问“谁在打电话”通常用 this is... speaking。故选 A。句意:——打电话的这位是谁?——是我的朋友。 6. __________ apples are red, and __________ are green. A. This, that B. That, this C. These, those D. Those, these 【答案】C 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。apples 是复数名词,第一个空指代“这些”苹果,用 these;第二个空指代“那些”苹果,用 those。故选 C。句意:这些苹果是红色的,那些是绿色的。 7. Can you see __________ small boat in the distance? A. this B. that C. these D. those 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。boat 是单数名词,且 in the distance(在远处)提示应用 that。故选 B。句意:你能看到远处那只小船吗? 8. I don't like __________ color. Can you show me __________ ? A. this, that B. that, this C. these, those D. those, these 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。color 是单数名词,第一个空指代“那个”颜色,用 that。第二个空 show me... 指示“这个”(新的颜色),用 this。故选 B。句意:我不喜欢那个颜色。你能给我看看这个吗? 9. — What did you say just now? — I said __________ . A. this B. that C. these D. those 【答案】B 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。just now(刚才)指代过去说过的话,是单数概念,用 that 来指代。故选 B。句意:——你刚才说什么了?——我说的是那个。 10. __________ students are from Class One, and over there are __________ from Class Two. A. These, those B. Those, these C. This, that D. That, these 【答案】A 【解析】考查指示代词的用法。students 是复数名词,第一个空指代“这些”学生(近处),用 these;第二个空指代“那些”学生(远处),用 those。故选 A。句意:这些学生是一班的,那边那些是二班的。 【知识点清单五】疑问代词 (Interrogative Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 疑问代词的功能: 用于构成特殊疑问句,代替名词,表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪个”等。 二、 疑问代词的分类及用法: ●who (谁): 询问人的身份,在句子中作主语。 Who is knocking at the door? (敲门的是谁?) ●whom (谁): 询问人的对象,在句子中作宾语(虽然口语中常被who代替,但语法上应区分)。 Whom did you see just now? (你刚才看见谁了?) -> More common: Who did you see just now? ●whose (谁的): 询问所有者,在句子中作定语。 Whose book is this? (这是谁的书?) ●what (什么): 询问事物或身份(当指人时,常指职业或身份)。 What is this? (这是什么?) What is your father? / What does your father do? (你父亲是做什么的?) ●which (哪个,哪些): 询问特定范围内的选择。 Which color do you like, red or blue? (你更喜欢哪个颜色,红色还是蓝色?) Which students will go on the trip? (哪些学生将去旅行?) 三、 常见考点与易错点: 1. who/whom 的主宾语区分: 虽然 whom 用得越来越少,但在正式考试或语法分析中仍需注意其作宾语的用法。 2. what/which 的区分: what 是开放式提问,which 是在有限选项中提问。学生容易混淆,比如问颜色时,用 which 更准确。 【知识点清单六】相互代词 (Reciprocal Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 相互代词的功能: 表示两者或两者以上之间的相互关系,意为“互相”。 二、 相互代词的形式: each other (互相,彼此,通常指两者之间) 和 one another (互相,彼此,通常指两者以上之间,但在现代英语中两者常可互换)。 三、 相互代词的用法:在句子中作宾语。 They write to each other every week. (他们每周互相写信。) The students in the class help one another. (班里的学生互相帮助。) 四、 常见考点与易错点: 1. 不能作主语:不能说 Each other likes music. 应该说 They like music each other. (他们互相喜欢音乐。) 或 They like music. 2. 区分 each 和 each other: each 强调个体,each other 强调相互关系。 Each student has a book. (每个学生都有一本书。) The students give books to each other. (学生们互相赠送书。) 【即时训练】 1. The two students helped _______ with their difficult math homework. A. each other B. one C. other D. another 【答案】A 【解析】考查相互代词的用法。句意:这两个学生互相帮助完成了他们困难的数学作业。这里需要表达“互相帮助”的概念。each other和one another是相互代词,表示两者或两者以上之间互相。选项B的one指“一个”,不符合语境;选项C的other是形容词或代词,单独使用指“另一个”,但这里需要的是表示互相的代词;选项D的another指“另一个”,强调“又一个,不同的一个”,不符合互相的含义。因此,只有each other最符合句意。故选A项。 2. In the small village, everyone knows _______ quite well. A. each other B. one another C. one D. other 【答案】B 【解析】考查相互代词的用法及与each other的区别。句意:在这个小村庄里,每个人彼此都相当熟悉。句中的everyone是单数,指“每个人”,强调群体中个体之间的互相关系。传统上认为,one another用于三者或三者以上之间,each other用于两者之间。但现代英语中,两者常可互换。然而,当主语是everyone, everybody, all等泛指单数时,one another有时被认为更合适,因为它指代的是群体中个体间的相互关系,而非简单的两者。选项C的one指“一个”,不符合语境;选项D的other指“其他的”,不表示互相。故选B项更佳。 3. The twins looked at _______ in the mirror, trying to see who looked better. A. each other B. one another C. one D. themselves 【答案】A 【解析】考查相互代词与反身代词的区别。句意:这对双胞胎在镜子中互相看着对方,试图看谁看起来更好。这里描述的是双胞胎之间互相看对方。each other和one another都可以表示“互相”,指两者之间。选项C的one指“一个”,不符合语境;选项D的themselves是反身代词,表示“他们自己”,强调动作回到动作执行者本身,这里不是双胞胎各自看自己,而是互相看对方。故选A项。 4. The two teams showed great respect _______ during the friendly match. A. each other B. to each other C. one another D. to one another 【答案】B 【解析】考查相互代词与介词的搭配。句意:在友谊赛中,两队互相表现出极大的尊重。动词show respect后面常跟介词to,表示“对……表示尊重”。因此,需要选择能与to搭配表示互相的选项。each other和one another可以直接作宾语,但与to搭配时,to each other和to one another是正确的表达方式。选项A和C缺少介词to;选项D虽然语法正确,但B选项to each other在两者之间使用更为常见。故选B项。 5. The two neighbours often argue _______ over trivial matters. A. each other B. with each other C. one another D. at each other 【答案】B 【解析】考查相互代词与介词的搭配。句意:这对邻居经常就琐碎的事情互相争吵。动词argue后面常跟介词with或at,表示“与……争吵”。因此,需要选择能与with或at搭配表示互相的选项。each other和one another可以直接作宾语,但与with或at搭配时,with each other和at each other是正确的表达方式。选项A和C缺少介词;选项D at each other虽然可以表示争吵,但更强调互相指责或争吵的激烈场面,而with each other更侧重于一般的互相争吵。选项B with each other更符合语境。故选B项。 【知识点清单七】不定代词 (Indefinite Pronouns) 【要点精讲】 一、 不定代词的功能: 指代人或事物,但所指对象不明确或不具体。 二、 不定代词的分类: 1. 肯定含义: some (一些), any (一些,任何), many (许多), much (许多), few (很少,修饰可数), a few (几个,修饰可数,表肯定), little (很少,修饰不可数), a little (一点,修饰不可数,表肯定), all (所有,全部), both (两者都), either (两者中的任何一个), neither (两者都不), each (每个), every (每个,每一), one (一个,一个人/物), other (另一个人/物,泛指), another (另一个,泛指), others (其他的人/物,泛指), the other (两者中的另一个,特指), the others (剩下的全部,特指), everyone / everybody (每个人), someone / somebody (某人), anyone / anybody (任何人), everything (每件事,所有事物), something (某事,某物), nothing (没有什么) 2. 否定含义: none (没有人/没有任何东西), no one / nobody (没有人), nothing (没有什么) 三、 用法要点: 1. some 和 any 的区别: some 通常用于肯定句,any 用于否定句和疑问句。 但在表示请求、建议、征求意见或期望对方肯定回答的疑问句中,用 some。 Could you give me some water? (你能给我一些水吗?) Somebody is knocking at the door. (有人在敲门。) 2. many, much, few, a few, little, a little 的区别: many 修饰可数名词复数,much 修饰不可数名词,都表示“许多”。 few 修饰可数名词复数,a few 也修饰可数名词复数,但 few 表否定意义(很少,几乎没有),a few 表肯定意义(有几个)。 little 修饰不可数名词,a little 也修饰不可数名词,little 表否定意义(很少,几乎没有),a little 表肯定意义(一点)。 There are few students in the classroom. (教室里几乎没有学生。) There are a few students in the classroom. (教室里有几个学生。) There is little time left. (几乎没有时间了。) There is a little time left. (还剩一点时间。) 3. all, both, every, each 的区别: all 强调“全部”,both 强调“两者都”,each 强调“每一个(个体)”,every 强调“每一个(整体概念)”。注意它们与名词、动词的位置关系。 4. other, another, others, the other, the others 的区别: other 作形容词,泛指“其他的”,后接名词。 another = an + other,泛指“另一个”(三者或以上中的任意一个),可作代词或形容词。 others = other + people/things,泛指“其他的人或物”(部分)。 the other 特指“两者中的另一个”,后可接单数名词,也可单独作代词。the others = the other + 可数名词复数,特指“剩余的全部”。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. (我有两支笔,一支是红的,另一支是蓝的。) I have many pens. One is red, the others are blue. (我有很多支笔,一支是红的,其余的都是蓝的。) Some students are singing, others are dancing. (一些学生在唱歌,其他一些在跳舞。) Please give me another chance. (请再给我一次机会。) 5. 复合不定代词 (someone, anybody, nothing 等): 由 some, any, no, every + one, body, thing 构成。 含有 some 的通常用于肯定句,含有 any 的通常用于否定句和疑问句(特殊用法同 some/any)。 修饰语通常后置。 Is there anything important? (有什么重要的事吗?) He is somebody famous. (他是个名人。) I want to buy something special. (我想买些特别的东西。) 【即时训练】 1. There is _______ interesting in this book. It's just a collection of facts. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:这本书里没什么有趣的。它只是一些事实的集合。根据后半句“It's just a collection of facts.”可知,前半句表示“没什么有趣的”,应用nothing。something常用于肯定句,表示“某事”;everything表示“一切”;anything常用于否定句和疑问句。故选B项。 2. I'm thirsty. Can I have _______ to drink? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我渴了。我能喝点东西吗?在表示请求、建议、希望等意味的问句中,常用something。anything常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示“任何事”。nothing表示“没什么”;everything表示“一切”。故选A项。 3. I have _______ to tell you. Please sit down. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我有重要的事情要告诉你。请坐下来。当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,形容词应放在不定代词之后。something important意为“重要的事情”。故选A项。 4. The room is too crowded. There isn't _______ here for me. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:这个房间太拥挤了。这里没有我的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示“没有地方”,在否定句中应用anything。something常用于肯定句;nothing表示“没什么”;everything表示“一切”。故选C项。 5. _______ knows the answer to this question. It's a secret. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:没人知道这个问题的答案。这是个秘密。根据后半句“It's a secret.”可知,前半句表示“没人知道”,应用nobody。somebody意为“某人”;anybody意为“任何人”;everybody意为“每个人”。故选C项。 6. I don't like this color. Do you have _______ else? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我不喜欢这个颜色。你还有别的吗?在否定句中,常用anything else表示“别的任何东西”。something常用于肯定句;nothing表示“没什么”;everything表示“一切”。故选B项。 7. _______ of the students in our class likes playing basketball. A. All B. Both C. Every D. Each 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:我们班所有的学生都喜欢打篮球。students是复数名词,表示“所有的学生”应用all。both意为“两者都”,不能修饰三个或三个以上的人或物;every和each常作形容词,不能直接修饰名词作主语,需与of连用。故选A项。 8. There are _______ trees on _______ sides of the road. A. both; both B. all; all C. both; either D. all; both 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:路的两侧都有树。trees是复数名词,表示“两边的树”,应用both修饰。on both sides of...意为“在……的两边”。sides是复数名词,表示“两边的”,应用either修饰。either side of...意为“在……的任一边”。故选C项。 9. You can choose _______ of the two books. They are both interesting. A. either B. neither C. both D. all 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:你可以从这两本书中选择一本。它们都很有趣。根据后半句“They are both interesting.”可知,前半句表示“你可以选择两本中的任意一本”,应用either。neither意为“两者都不”;both意为“两者都”,后面不能跟of;all意为“所有”。故选A项。 10. _______ of the students passed the exam. Only a few failed. A. Most B. Almost C. Mostly D. Mostly 【答案】A 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:大多数学生通过了考试。只有少数人没通过。most作代词时,意为“大多数,大部分”,可单独作主语、宾语等。almost是副词,意为“几乎”;mostly是副词,意为“主要地,大部分地”。根据句意可知,此处应用most。故选A项。 11. I can't find my keys. I think I've lost _______. A. them B. it C. those D. one 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:我找不到我的钥匙了。我想我把它们弄丢了。keys是复数名词,指代前面的keys,应用them。it指代单数名词;those是指示代词;one指代前面提到的单数可数名词。故选A项。 12. This book is mine. _______ over there is my friend's. A. One B. It C. That D. This 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:这本书是我的。那边的那个是我朋友的。根据over there可知,应用指示代词that指代单数名词book。one指代前面提到的单数可数名词,但通常用于泛指;it指代前面提到的同一事物;this指代近处的事物。故选C项。 13. I don't like this color. Do you have _______ in blue? A. one B. it C. that D. this 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:我不喜欢这个颜色。你有没有蓝色的那个?one指代前面提到的单数可数名词,此处指代a color,表示“一个颜色”。it指代前面提到的同一事物;that指代远处的事物;this指代近处的事物。根据句意可知,此处应用one。故选A项。 14. He is not _______ he used to be. He has changed a lot. A. that B. what C. which D. who 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:他不再是过去的他了。他改变了很多。what引导名词性从句,作be动词的表语,意为“……的样子,……的人”。that用作指示代词或关系代词;which用作疑问代词或关系代词;who用作疑问代词或关系代词。根据句意可知,此处应用what。故选B项。 15. _______ is important is that we should work hard. A. What B. That C. It D. This 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:重要的是我们应该努力工作。what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”。that用作指示代词或引导从句;it用作人称代词或引导词;this用作指示代词。根据句意可知,此处应用what。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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