专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（江苏专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题02阅读理解（说明文） （一） （2025•江苏常州高级中学•二模） It is not uncommon for people to say they have no sense of direction. The sense of direction represents the ability to find one’s way. In other words, it is about getting from point A to point B without a hitch. The journey begins with determining the initial position using landmarks in the environment. It’s really about choosing a route and following it. It is also a question of testing that this same route is the correct one, with the mental representation of space or the help of tools such as maps. Finally, the ability to identify the point of arrival is obviously very important. In a study published in 2009, scientist Giuseppe Iaria, a scientist of the University of Calgary (Canada), who specialized cognitive neutral(认知神经) networks indicated that people lacking a sense of direction have a special condition: Develop mental Topographical Disorientation(DTD). The sense of direction required large neutral networks for proper functioning, according to the expert. However, the fact is that a majority of people are unable to put a map in their head while on the move. In her book Mind in Motion(2019), Professor Emeritus of Psychology at St an ford University(USA)Barbara Tversky explains how most people do it. She introduced a combination of methods. It’s a mix of turn-by-turn directions, bird’s-eye views and general information in the form of maps. However, it should be noted that most medium-complexity navigation(导航) directions depend in part on the ability of people to understand the perspective of a map. In other words, people without a sense of direction follow a route in pieces. Thus, they have no expanded understanding for space and navigate their environment without any mental map of their destinations. However, there is a solution, namely to guide the person through a series of short routed. 1．What does the underlined phrase “without a hitch” in paragraph I mean? A．With ease. B．By oneself. C．At ease. D．Without reflection. 2．What is the cause of going short of a sense of direction? A．Being unable to put a map at hand. B．Expanded understanding for space. C．Lack of guiding through short routed. D．Neutral networks’ improper functioning. 3．What could be a challenge for someone without a sense of direction? A．Reading a map. B．Forming a map in mind. C．Following a route in pieces. D．Finishing a series of short routed. 4．What can be inferred from the text? A．Mental map contributes to the sense of direction. B．Having no sense of direction is merely an excuse. C．Most people have long routed in their mind. D．People with a sense of direction don’t need a map. （二） （2025•江苏常州金坛区第一中学•二模） “Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. “Technology has become religion,” writes Greg Epstein, a “humanist” chaplain (牧师) who works at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in his controversial new book, Tech Agnostic. Believe him? There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. Like monasteries, tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules. Techies can sound as if they are expressing religious principles, too. Google’s original motto — “Don’t be evil” — has biblical tones. Mr. Musk has described his interplanetary ambitions as aiming to “extend the light of consciousness to the stars”. The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. Epstein excels when he applies religious knowledge to tech research, providing unique insights. His observations are fascinating and insightful. But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. For every technology, he has found someone to criticize it exaggeratedly, then slightly softens the criticism (for the sake of fairness), but still lets the point stand. This is a missed opportunity. Too few have explored tech leaders’ religious beliefs, from AI pioneers’ fascination with Jewish mysticism to Jobs’ Zen Buddhism practice. Meanwhile, Pope (教皇) Francis has held several meetings with AI experts in Rome. At the start of the book, Mr. Epstein asks: “Am I speaking literally? Yes.” He is not lying. The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. 5．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an explanation. B．To introduce the topic. C．To support an argument. D．To summarize the information. 6．The underlined word “monasteries” in paragraph 3 probably refers to ________. A．religious places B．corporate offices C．educational centers D．government buildings 7．How does Epstein deal with the second half of his book? A．He explores new and unique insights. B．He focuses on positive aspects of technology. C．He voices fierce criticism against technology. D．He repeats common concerns about technology. 8．What does the author think about the book? A．It provides a detailed guide to technology. B．It has an appealing idea but lacks deep analysis. C．It offers a balanced view of technology’s impact. D．It criticizes technology without providing solutions. （三） （2025·江苏南京·二模） A father told his son that he should not accept the Theory of Evolution just because he leaned about it in Biology class at school. He went on to say that he is teaching his son to think critically. But he isn’t. Many people assume that critical thinking refers to questioning and criticizing in the more negative sense of the word. If they are rejecting what they are told by experts, they falsely believe that they are thinking critically. This is not uncommon. Many people claim that everything is just someone’s opinion and no one is actually right or wrong. They believe they are thinking critically when they’re actually doing the very opposite. There are many definitions of critical thinking. To put simply, it refers to identifying and evaluating arguments, finding inconsistencies in arguments, problem solving, and thinking about our own beliefs and why we hold them. Diane Halpern, author of Thought &Knowledge, uses this definition:“Critical thinkers are able to change their mind or the conclusion that they reached, when new information warrants such a change.” A closed-minded person responds negatively when presented with new ideas that challenge their existing beliefs. These are the people who insist that even an expert's opinion is no better than anyone else’s. In contrast, an open-minded person suspends judgment. They seek out more information, including information that goes against beliefs they currently hold. They review the evidence that’s available and are always open to new ways of thinking. They consider all options and insist on finding a solution. So you need to ask questions and be open-minded about the answers. You need to know how to do research and look for reliable sources. You have to think about your own thinking and question why you hold the beliefs you do. Be aware of the pre-set ideas you bring to the argument, and learn to evaluate evidence. 9．Why does the author mention the father-son example in paragraph 1? A．To promote the practice of critical thinking. B．To criticize the current education system. C．To present a widespread misconception. D．To introduce an innovative idea. 10．What does the underlined word “warrants” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Justifies. B．Matches. C．Transforms. D．Identifies. 11．How are open-minded people different from the closed-minded? A．They respect expert authority. B．They internalize their own beliefs. C．They keep an option-solution balance. D．They resist the urge to judge prematurely. 12．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．How to evaluate evidence. B．The process of critical thinking. C．How to become a critical thinker. D．The benefits of being open-minded. （四） （2025·江苏南京中华中学·二模） The ability to connect an event with its consequences — experts use the term associative learning — is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment. Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area. This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders, which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life. Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups: babies (0-3), primary school children (6-12), teenagers (13-19), and adults. Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks. Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability. The research team was amazed by the results: “We’d initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age,” says Dr. Carolin Konrad. However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn’t reach the performance level of primary school children. It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups. Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions, whereas adults showed minimal progress. This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon — the brain’s higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength. The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary. “This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns,” concludes Konrad. “Early identification of association of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks.” 13．Which is an example of associative learning? A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand. B．A student works harder after getting good grades. C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket. D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints. 14．What were the participants required to do in the experiments? A．Identify the relationship between different groups. B．Watch and record their own performance over time. C．Assess their learning progress during the sessions. D．Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks. 15．What surprised the researchers about associative learning? A．Adults possessed greater adaptability. B．Primary schoolers outperformed others. C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance. D．Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge. 16．Why is the “sensitive period” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To show learning ability differences across all ages. B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way. C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood. D．To demonstrate the brain’s ability to adapt in adulthood. （五） （2025·江苏苏北七市·二模） In a world where tech companies often compete to create the next productivity tool, a new device is breaking away from the pack. Meet Friend: a new wearable AI companion that you wear around your neck. The small device records your every word and interaction and responds accordingly by text. They cost $99 and are expected to ship out in early 2025. The device comes at a time when loneliness and social isolation (孤独) are at record highs. Studies indicate that 61% of young people in the U.S. suffer from serious loneliness, a statistic that reveals a growing mental health crisis. While AI reshapes all the ways we interact in jobs, healthcare and entertainment — more and more people report feeling socially isolated, Schiffmann, Meet Friend’s founder, sees it differently: the device isn’t a replacement for human relationships but rather a way to fill the gaps when human companionship is hard to come by. AI companionship is controversial (有争议的). While some people, like Schiffmann, argue that it can help people feel less isolated, others worry that AI relationships might displace real human connections, and thus make people feel more lonely. If you are someone who already struggles with human interactions, the thinking goes, why would you continue to subject yourself to them when you have an AI friend who's fun and uncomplicated, and doesn’t come with all the baggage of another person? But so far, the research doesn’t seem to support this fear. Drake-Maples at Stanford University surveyed more than 1,000 students who used the AI chatbot Replika, and investigated their feelings of loneliness and perceived social support. Roughly half of these users reported decreased anxiety, and a feeling of social support. Nearly a quarter of those surveyed said they are more able to handle stress in their current relationship because of Replika’s advice. It is still a new field though, and Drake-Maples says there needs to be guidelines. “I strongly believe that you do need to have ethical guidelines around AI companions pushing people back when appropriate, towards human relationships,” she says. These could be gentle reminders like “Hey, you should go chat with somebody about that” or “Go practice this now with a real human.” 17．What is Meet Friend aimed at? A．Replacing human relationships. B．Boosting the productivity at work. C．Offering a new approach to connection. D．Detecting early symptoms of mental illness. 18．What does the underlined part “the thinking” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．AI helps avoid life’s stress. B．AI worsens feelings of loneliness. C．Human relationships are hard to keep. D．It's easy to communicate with an AI friend. 19．What is Drake-Maples’ attitude towards AI companionship? A．Cautious. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 20．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Can we trust an AI friend? B．Will AI change human nature? C．Can an AI friend make us less lonely? D．Will AI redefine mental health crisis? （六） （2025·江苏南通如皋市·二模） A puzzling primate (灵长类动物) might be the offspring (后代) of two distantly related species. And this monkey business is worrying scientists. Six years ago, tour guide Brenden Miles was traveling down the Kinabatangan River. He was on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo. Suddenly, he spotted an odd-looking primate, so he snapped a few photos. At first, he thought it could be a silvered leaf monkey with rare coloring. But then he noticed other details: The monkey’s tail was thicker than it should be, and its nose was long like that of a proboscis monkey. Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. But what was especially surprising in this case is that the monkey’s suspected parents a male proboscis monkey and a female silvered leaf monkey — are distant relatives. Scientists are concerned that this might signal that the creature’s parent species are in trouble. “Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid,” said Nadine Ruppert, a primatologist who studied the mystery monkey. Oil palm plantations have been expanding along the Kinabatangan River. As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. “In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river,” Ruppert said. “Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. In close quarters, the male of the bigger species can dominate. In this case, the proboscis male might easily displace males of the silvered leaf monkey.” The mystery monkey has made people living in the area very excited. “The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them,” Ruppert said. “Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally.” In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. 21．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The discovery of a rare species. B．A photographer’s unusual adventure. C．The new features of a strange primate. D．Differences between two monkey species. 22．What can be inferred about the two suspected parent monkey species? A．They have to fight for oil palm fruit. B．They were previously close relatives. C．Proboscis monkeys are smaller in size. D．Shared habitats influence their interaction. 23．What may cause hybridization according to the text? A．Natural disasters. B．Unsustainable farming. C．Extensive deforestation. D．Competitions within the species. 24．How does Nadine Ruppert feel about the appearance of the “mystery monkey”? A．Puzzled. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Relieved. （七） （2025·江苏南通·二模） The Internet is a busy place, with billions of interactions, millions of content pieces, and large numbers of social media accounts and data about people. But in recent years, the so-called “dead Internet theory” has gained popularity. The theory suggests that most activity online is generated by bots (网上机器人) and AI agents, not by humans. Thanks to generative AI, plenty of AI-generated models and influencers now often show up online. AI-generated content has changed the dynamics of the Internet, making it cheaper than ever to become a content creator. It makes sense, especially from a creator’s perspective. If you spend a few hours on a video for your social pages, you expect to get likes, follows, and subscriptions. However, if you can produce three videos within the same time with AI assistance, you’re increasing your chances of creating those things within the same period. However, AI could lead to an Internet that feels dead due to a lack of obviously original content and articles that lack a human-touch — regardless of viewpoint, experience or humour. Fortunately, one glimmer of hope here is that some online giants have been taking action to reduce bot use, or so they say. Such measures are partly due to advertisers becoming more understanding regarding what makes up real human views versus bot-generated ones. So, no, the Internet is not dead. At least not yet. Dead Internet theory may be hyperbole (夸张), but it raises two important points. First, the Internet is undoubtedly moving in this direction. Second, and more significantly, the theory causes a broader unease about the emotional and social dynamics online. Social media is now the primary news source for many users around the world. Therefore, there’s potential for AI agents to promote false information and interact with each other to boost engagement, which does leave room for concern. So we do have to accept that humans share online spaces with bots and AI agents. As information spreads faster than ever across digital platforms, caution is advised: Never assume it’s actually a human you’re interacting with on the other side of your screen. 25．What can be learned about “dead Internet theory”? A．AI agents and bots dominate online activities. B．Content found online is frequently repeated. C．Humans are losing interest in online interactions. D．Social media collapse due to information overload. 26．Why do today’s creators turn to Al for content production? A．To guarantee the originality of their content. B．To make content creation completely effortless. C．To enhance efficiency of achieving their goals. D．To adapt to the changing dynamics of the Internet. 27．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of social media in news distribution. B．Digital platforms as the main source of news. C．The analysis of the reasons for Internet death. D．Social media’s influence and its potential issues. 28．What is the author’s advice on interacting online? A．Decrease the application of artificial intelligence. B．Protect personal privacy by limiting shared details. C．Try to identify the reliability of real human beings. D．Keep a watchful eye on the Internet interactions. （八） （2025·江苏前黄中学·二模） For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, the word “inspiration” means the breathing-in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create. Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power. The Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works. Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct. But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton’s major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜), Newton provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory. More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow”. His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. His discovery also paved the way for the development of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars. 29．According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history? A．Their works focused on the supernatural. B．Their unique abilities came from within. C．They possessed both logic and magic. D．They were strange but indeed gifted. 30．How did the Romantic poets react to Newton’s discovery about light and color? A．They credited Newton’s insights to mystical influences. B．They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena. C．They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry. D．They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty. 31．Why does the author mention John Keats’ and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s views on Newton? A．To contrast their criticism with science’s artistic value. B．To highlight the effect of scientific breakthroughs on art. C．To show Romantic poets’ objection to scientific progress. D．To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists. 32．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Distinguishing Art from Science B．Isaac Newton’s Influence on Arts C．Shared Wonder of Art and Science D．The Artistic Interpretation of Science （九） （2025·江苏苏锡常镇·二模） “If your skin is getting older, you are getting older, so be careful,” says Claudia Cavadas at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Could our fight to remove wrinkles help restore youth both inside and out? As skin ages, more and more cells enter a lifeless state called senescence (衰老). As time marches on, the mechanisms (机制) for clearing senescent cells out start to decline and they build up in tissues. This is bad news. The build-up of these cells has been shown to be a direct cause of some of the conditions that are generally more common in older age. To support her assumption around wrinkles driving whole-body ageing, Cavadas is planning to test experimental drugs on animal models of aged skin. “The evidence is still fragile, but, in a year, we will have experimental data” she says. Whether resisting skin ageing resists whole-body ageing will need to be seen. But there is another good reason to slow down skin ageing at least. Aged skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do, says a plastic surgeon. Its barrier functions weaken, wounds are slower to heal (康复), sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened. How about anti-wrinkle creams? At present, there is limited evidence that they are genuine anti-ageing treatments. We do, however, have one method for preventing skin ageing: sunscreen, which absorbs UV rays before they do damage to the skin. It is never too soon to start. Even though the first visible signs of skin ageing usually don’t appear until our mid-20s, the potential processes are under way much earlier. Apparently, wrinkle treatment should no longer be seen as a “skin-deep” thing, but as a vital part of staying biologically young and healthy. Everyone should pay attention to that, because we all have skin in this game. 33．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The definition of senescence. B．The causes of skin ageing. C．The process of cell declining. D．The consequences of skin ageing. 34．What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Artificial. B．Considerable. C．Insubstantial. D．Convincing. 35．Which is a disadvantage of the aged skin? A．It tends to be sensitive to touches. B．The cut on it recovers quickly. C．The barrier functions work poorly. D．It stops guarding against diseases. 36．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Anti-wrinkle creams are quite useful. B．Wrinkle treatment is important to health. C．Sunscreen may pose potential risk to the skin. D．Wrinkle treatment is a practice proven skin-deep. （十） （2025·江苏泰州中学·二模） In this period of anxiety about the size of our waists and what we consume, simple dietary rules are appealing.“Eat like our ancestors”is a particularly catchy slogan (口号) to live by. But who are these ancestors we are supposed to follow? Are they our great-great-grandparents, cooking healthy things? Or are they hairy animals we imagine “cavemen“ to be? The popular ancient diet blames modern health problems on the birth of agriculture, claiming that we should stick to eating meat, nuts and berries. This kind of stone age trend is based on the false assumption that palaeolithic (旧石器时代的) peoples all ate the same food, regardless of their location. Nevertheless, England’s 9,000-year-old Cheddar Man would not have eaten the same foods as his contemporaries on the Kenyan plain. The amount of meat peoples ate, and how much was obtained by hunting, are also up for debate. Moreover, the stone age trend is focused on what’s perceived to be good for our bodies, without any concern for the rest of nature, including other humans whose livelihoods are threatened by western overconsumption. Were I to eat like my Punjabi farming great-grandparents, my diet would be based on the wheat and milk products that people in the Punjab have relied on for probably at least the last two thousand years. But delicious and “original” as it might be for me to follow its lead, the morals of industrially farmed milk products in the 21st century make the situation more confusing and complicated. Now, probably more than ever before, what we eat connects us to the fate of other beings, human and non-human, and to the fate of our planet. A dogmatic (武断的) approach to this would be a mistake. Better to preserve what’s worth keeping and remain clear-eyed about our cooking past, much of which is unknowable, immoral and impossible to follow in any case. 37．What does the text concern? A．An ancient study. B．An immoral case. C．A balanced diet. D．A popular belief. 38．Why does the author mention Cheddar Man in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate an opinion. B．To present a fact. C．To clarify a concept. D．To introduce a theory. 39．What does the author focus on in paragraph 4? A．The eating behavior of our great-grandparents. B．The connection between food choice and nature. C．The relationship among eating,hunting and farming. D．The impact of food overconsumption on the environment. 40．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Punjabi diet:popular again B．Should we eat like our ancestors? C．Is the fate of the planet in our hands? D．Our cooking past:a complicated history （十一） （2025·江苏盐城射阳中学·二模） “Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. “Technology has become religion,” writes Greg Epstein, a “humanist” chaplain (牧师) who works at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in his controversial new book, Tech Agnostic. Believe him? There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. Like monasteries, tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules. Techies can sound as if they are expressing religious principles, too. Google’s original motto — “Don’t be evil” — has biblical tones. Mr. Musk has described his interplanetary ambitions as aiming to “extend the light of consciousness to the stars”. The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. Epstein excels when he applies religious knowledge to tech research, providing unique insights. His observations are fascinating and insightful. But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. For every technology, he has found someone to criticize it exaggeratedly, then slightly softens the criticism (for the sake of fairness), but still lets the point stand. This is a missed opportunity. Too few have explored tech leaders’ religious beliefs, from AI pioneers’ fascination with Jewish mysticism to Jobs’ Zen Buddhism practice. Meanwhile, Pope (教皇) Francis has held several meetings with AI experts in Rome. At the start of the book, Mr. Epstein asks: “Am I speaking literally? Yes.” He is not lying. The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. 41．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an explanation. B．To introduce the topic. C．To support an argument. D．To summarize the information. 42．The underlined word “monasteries” in paragraph 3 probably refers to ________. A．religious places B．corporate offices C．educational centers D．government buildings 43．How does Epstein deal with the second half of his book? A．He explores new and unique insights. B．He focuses on positive aspects of technology. C．He voices fierce criticism against technology. D．He repeats common concerns about technology. 44．What does the author think about the book? A．It provides a detailed guide to technology. B．It has an appealing idea but lacks deep analysis. C．It offers a balanced view of technology’s impact. D．It criticizes technology without providing solutions. （十二） （2025·江苏盐城射阳中学·二模） At 6 a.m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the AIorders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 45．What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A．Monitor pigs’ well-being. B．Clean pigs’ living spaces. C．Deliver medical services to pigs. D．Provide standardized diets for pigs. 46．What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Skeptical. 47．What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A．Banning the use of AI. B．Restricting AI to basic tasks. C．Keeping professionals involved. D．Minimizing human intervention. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B．Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C．Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D．Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions （十三） （2025·江苏南京·二模） Inspired by an event held by the Dallas-based Daddy Stroller (婴儿车) Social Club (DSSC) , a group for fathers, Brandon Shaw wrote an 83-page typed letter to his father. From the Blacklit bookstore, Kalvin Bridgewater led 15 dads, including his own father, who was seated next to Shaw, in an emotional event where the men dug into what they hated, loved, misunderstood and appreciated about their fathers as they grew up. Founded by Bridgewater in 2021, DSSC initially met with about 30 dads per event but skyrocketed in popularity after two online videos became hits in April 2024. It now attracts over 150 dads at events, where fathers bond over shared experiences and provide emotional backing for one another. DSSC’s appeal is broad, attracting dads from various professions, including doctors, engineers, and electricians. The group emphasizes emotional support, with members regularly checking in on one another. As Shaw shared, the group provides a space where men can be open, asking, “How are you feeling?” Shaw, who joined the group when he first became a father, said it has made him more patient and understanding. Bridgewater, who became a certified doula (产妇陪护师) to better support his wife through pregnancy (孕期), also ensures DSSC allows partners some time for themselves. At a May event, scheduled just before Mother’s Day, mothers had the day off while fathers spent time bonding with their children. Brandon Shaw described the experience as transformative, saying it helped him connect with his own weaknesses, something he had previously kept hidden. He sent the letter he wrote to his father for Father’s Day. It arrives soon. He said he doesn’t expect a response and just hopes his father reads it. As Bridgewater puts it, fatherhood is just about “being honest and sharing”. 50．What can be inferred about DSSC from the first two paragraphs? A．It creates a group of father influencers. B．It repairs broken father-son relationships. C．It promotes fathers’ emotional well-being. D．It highlights fathers’ vital role in childcare. 51．What makes DSSC appealing? A．Parenting instructions. B．Good childcare service. C．Supportive atmosphere. D．Diverse member backgrounds. 52．Why is the May event mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate another aim of DSSC． B．To justify the founder’s personal experience. C．To stress the importance of DSSC． D．To show an ideal husband-wife relationship. 53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The severity of parental issues. B．DSSC’s influence on its members. C．The necessity to identify weaknesses. D．Bridgewater’s devotion to fatherhood. （十四） （2025·江苏常州高级中学·二模） A biography of Caminada written by Angela Buckley reveals a series of striking similarities between him and the fictional character, in terms of their unusual methods and character. The son of an Italian father and Irish mother, Caminada was based in Manchester, but was involved in cases which took him across the country. Most of his career was spent with Manchester City Police Force although he later operated, like Holmes, as a “consulting detective”. He became well-known in the mid-1880s, shortly before Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet and parallels soon emerged between the two. As the fictional character relied on a network of underworld contacts the Baker Street Irregulars — so Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers, whom he would often meet in the back seat of a church. These characters helped him build up an encyclopedic knowledge of the criminal fraternity (兄弟会), among whom he would often move in disguise another method in common with Holmes. His skill with disguises was so renowned that on one occasion his own chief police officer was unable to recognize him. Mrs. Buckley identifies Caminada’s “Moriaty” figure as Bob Horridge, a violent, intelligent career criminal, with whom he had a 20-year fight, which began when Caminada arrested him for stealing a watch, landing him with a sentence of seven years’ penal servitude because of his previous crimes. This harsh sentence for a relatively small crime angered Horridge so much that he swore revenge (报复) on the detective. His good luck finally ended after he shot two police officers. Caminada tracked him to Liverpool where the detective, disguised once more, eventually arrested him. Caminada’s “Irene Adler” was Alicia Ormonde, an apparently well-educated woman with a noble background and expensive tastes, who was actually an experienced criminal wanted for frauds and thefts. Caminada tracked her down and arrested her, but in an echo of Holmes’ fascination with Adler the detective apparently became attracted by her. The case took place in 1890, a year before Adler appeared in A Scandal in Bohemia. Other individuals have previously been put forward as the basis for Holmes. However, Mrs. Buckley, whose book is called The Real Sherlock Holmes, believes that Caminada was used to give Holmes a better grounding in actual casework among the criminal fraternity inspiring his detecting styles and some of the puzzling cases he encountered. 54．What do we know about Caminada from the passage? A．He was the only basis for Holmes B．He had a mixed knowledge of crimes. C．He died after the last Holmes book was set D．He had a whole life career as a “consulting detective”. 55．Which of the following CANNOT prove that Caminada was the basis for Holmes? A．Caminada became a national figure shortly before Holmes’ first appearance. B．Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers in the Baker Street. C．Caminada had a Moriaty-like enemy for a long period of time. D．Caminada often changed his appearances to look into cases 56．What can we infer from paragraph 6 and 7? A．Caminada arrested the two criminals in disguise. B．Caminada tracked both of the two criminals for years C．Caminada fell in love with Alicia Ormonde in the case D．Both Horridge and Ormonde took revenge on Caminada. 57．What is the most suitable title of the passage? A．Clues to a real Holmes B．Caminada and his legend C．Wisdom of a detective D．Detecting styles of Sherlock Holmes 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02阅读理解（说明文） （一） （2025•江苏常州高级中学•二模） It is not uncommon for people to say they have no sense of direction. The sense of direction represents the ability to find one’s way. In other words, it is about getting from point A to point B without a hitch. The journey begins with determining the initial position using landmarks in the environment. It’s really about choosing a route and following it. It is also a question of testing that this same route is the correct one, with the mental representation of space or the help of tools such as maps. Finally, the ability to identify the point of arrival is obviously very important. In a study published in 2009, scientist Giuseppe Iaria, a scientist of the University of Calgary (Canada), who specialized cognitive neutral(认知神经) networks indicated that people lacking a sense of direction have a special condition: Develop mental Topographical Disorientation(DTD). The sense of direction required large neutral networks for proper functioning, according to the expert. However, the fact is that a majority of people are unable to put a map in their head while on the move. In her book Mind in Motion(2019), Professor Emeritus of Psychology at St an ford University(USA)Barbara Tversky explains how most people do it. She introduced a combination of methods. It’s a mix of turn-by-turn directions, bird’s-eye views and general information in the form of maps. However, it should be noted that most medium-complexity navigation(导航) directions depend in part on the ability of people to understand the perspective of a map. In other words, people without a sense of direction follow a route in pieces. Thus, they have no expanded understanding for space and navigate their environment without any mental map of their destinations. However, there is a solution, namely to guide the person through a series of short routed. 1．What does the underlined phrase “without a hitch” in paragraph I mean? A．With ease. B．By oneself. C．At ease. D．Without reflection. 2．What is the cause of going short of a sense of direction? A．Being unable to put a map at hand. B．Expanded understanding for space. C．Lack of guiding through short routed. D．Neutral networks’ improper functioning. 3．What could be a challenge for someone without a sense of direction? A．Reading a map. B．Forming a map in mind. C．Following a route in pieces. D．Finishing a series of short routed. 4．What can be inferred from the text? A．Mental map contributes to the sense of direction. B．Having no sense of direction is merely an excuse. C．Most people have long routed in their mind. D．People with a sense of direction don’t need a map. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是方向感以及缺乏方向感的原因及解决方法。 1．词句猜测题。根据上文“The sense of direction represents the ability to find one’s way.”（方向感代表了一个人找到路的能力）和画线短语所在句子“In other words, it is about getting from point A to point B without a hitch.”中in other words(换句话说)可知，画线短语所在句子解释了上文，即和上文意思表达一样，由此可推知，方向感代表了一个人找到路的能力，即方向感就是顺利地从A点到达B点，with ease“轻松地”与without a hitch(毫不费力地)意义相近，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The sense of direction required large neutral networks for proper functioning, according to the expert.”（这位专家表示，方向感需要巨大认知神经网络才能正常运行。）可知，缺乏方向感是因为神经网络的功能异常，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In a study published in 2009, scientist Giuseppe Iaria, a scientist of the University of Calgary (Canada), who specialized cognitive neutral(认知神经) networks indicated that people lacking a sense of direction have a special condition: Develop mental Topographical Disorientation(DTD).”（在2009年发表的一项研究中，加拿大卡尔加里大学的科学家约瑟夫艾里亚专门研究了认知神经网络，他表示，缺乏方向感的人有一个特殊的条件：发展心理地图障碍）可知，没有方向感的人，对于在大脑中形成地图是一种挑战，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The sense of direction required large neutral networks for proper functioning, according to the expert. However, the fact is that a majority of people are unable to put a map in their head while on the move.”（这位专家表示，方向感需要巨大的认知神经网络才能正常运行。然而，事实是，大多数人在旅途中都无法在大脑中形成地图。）可知，心理地图，有助于形成方向感，故选A项。 （二） （2025•江苏常州金坛区第一中学•二模） “Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. “Technology has become religion,” writes Greg Epstein, a “humanist” chaplain (牧师) who works at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in his controversial new book, Tech Agnostic. Believe him? There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. Like monasteries, tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules. Techies can sound as if they are expressing religious principles, too. Google’s original motto — “Don’t be evil” — has biblical tones. Mr. Musk has described his interplanetary ambitions as aiming to “extend the light of consciousness to the stars”. The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. Epstein excels when he applies religious knowledge to tech research, providing unique insights. His observations are fascinating and insightful. But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. For every technology, he has found someone to criticize it exaggeratedly, then slightly softens the criticism (for the sake of fairness), but still lets the point stand. This is a missed opportunity. Too few have explored tech leaders’ religious beliefs, from AI pioneers’ fascination with Jewish mysticism to Jobs’ Zen Buddhism practice. Meanwhile, Pope (教皇) Francis has held several meetings with AI experts in Rome. At the start of the book, Mr. Epstein asks: “Am I speaking literally? Yes.” He is not lying. The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. 5．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an explanation. B．To introduce the topic. C．To support an argument. D．To summarize the information. 6．The underlined word “monasteries” in paragraph 3 probably refers to ________. A．religious places B．corporate offices C．educational centers D．government buildings 7．How does Epstein deal with the second half of his book? A．He explores new and unique insights. B．He focuses on positive aspects of technology. C．He voices fierce criticism against technology. D．He repeats common concerns about technology. 8．What does the author think about the book? A．It provides a detailed guide to technology. B．It has an appealing idea but lacks deep analysis. C．It offers a balanced view of technology’s impact. D．It criticizes technology without providing solutions. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Epstein的书Tech Agnostic，这本书探讨了科技与宗教的相似性，提出了有趣的理论，但未能进行深入分析。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段““Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. (“整个地铁都沉浸在手中的小设备中。某种形式的敬拜?”Joyce Carol Oates在2019年发布的这条推文，配上一张乘客拿着手机的照片，仿佛在祈祷，这体现了社会是如何将技术视为神圣的。大多数人在醒来和睡觉前都会查看手机，取代了前几代人的祷告习惯)”可知，第一段通过Joyce Carol Oates的推文和照片，描述了人们在地铁上专注使用手机的现象，并引出技术在现代社会中被“神圣化”的主题，为后续介绍以技术与宗教的相似性为主题的书奠定了基础，因此其主要功能是引入话题。故选B项。 6．词句猜测题。画线词的前文“There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. (有很多相似之处。科技和宗教都有自己的“神”，在硅谷，这些“神”可能是乔布斯或马斯克等拥有忠实追随者的传奇领袖。科技公司和宗教也被认为是无所不能和富有的)”提到科技和宗教有众多相似之处，包括其领导者及对机构本身的认知，再结合画线词的后文“tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules (科技公司行事隐秘，拥有独特的文化和规则)”可推知，科技公司的这种氛围类似于宗教中的修道院，画线词意思应该是“修道院”，属于宗教场所。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. (但这样的见解在书的后半部分是罕见的。相反，他列举了一长串人们熟悉的对科技的担忧，将过度的屏幕时间、不稳定的零工经济工作，以及通过面部识别和在线广告进行的过度监控归咎于科技)”可知，Epstein在书的后半部分重复了人们对技术的普遍担忧。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. (Tech Agnostic的前半部分很好地探讨了科技公司是如何说服人们忠实地相信他们的使命和团队的)”、第五段中“But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. (但这样的见解在书的后半部分是罕见的)”和最后一段中“The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. (这本书提出了一个有趣的理论，但在充分论述这个主题方面存在不足)”可知，作者认为书的理论很有趣，前半部分做得很好，但后半部分缺乏见解。由此可知，作者的想法应该是“这本书有一个吸引人的想法，但缺乏深入的分析”。故选B项。 （三） （2025·江苏南京·二模） A father told his son that he should not accept the Theory of Evolution just because he leaned about it in Biology class at school. He went on to say that he is teaching his son to think critically. But he isn’t. Many people assume that critical thinking refers to questioning and criticizing in the more negative sense of the word. If they are rejecting what they are told by experts, they falsely believe that they are thinking critically. This is not uncommon. Many people claim that everything is just someone’s opinion and no one is actually right or wrong. They believe they are thinking critically when they’re actually doing the very opposite. There are many definitions of critical thinking. To put simply, it refers to identifying and evaluating arguments, finding inconsistencies in arguments, problem solving, and thinking about our own beliefs and why we hold them. Diane Halpern, author of Thought &Knowledge, uses this definition:“Critical thinkers are able to change their mind or the conclusion that they reached, when new information warrants such a change.” A closed-minded person responds negatively when presented with new ideas that challenge their existing beliefs. These are the people who insist that even an expert's opinion is no better than anyone else’s. In contrast, an open-minded person suspends judgment. They seek out more information, including information that goes against beliefs they currently hold. They review the evidence that’s available and are always open to new ways of thinking. They consider all options and insist on finding a solution. So you need to ask questions and be open-minded about the answers. You need to know how to do research and look for reliable sources. You have to think about your own thinking and question why you hold the beliefs you do. Be aware of the pre-set ideas you bring to the argument, and learn to evaluate evidence. 9．Why does the author mention the father-son example in paragraph 1? A．To promote the practice of critical thinking. B．To criticize the current education system. C．To present a widespread misconception. D．To introduce an innovative idea. 10．What does the underlined word “warrants” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Justifies. B．Matches. C．Transforms. D．Identifies. 11．How are open-minded people different from the closed-minded? A．They respect expert authority. B．They internalize their own beliefs. C．They keep an option-solution balance. D．They resist the urge to judge prematurely. 12．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．How to evaluate evidence. B．The process of critical thinking. C．How to become a critical thinker. D．The benefits of being open-minded. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了批判性思维的定义，以及思想开放的人和思想封闭的人对批判性思维的不同表现，最后介绍了如何成为一个批判性思考者。 9．推理判断题。根据第一段“A father told his son that he should not accept the Theory of Evolution just because he learned about it in Biology class at school. He went on to say that he is teaching his son to think critically. But he isn't.(一位父亲告诉他的儿子，他不应该仅仅因为在学校的生物课上学到了进化论就接受它。他接着说，他正在教他的儿子进行批判性思考。但实际上他并没有教)”以及第二段“Many people assume that critical thinking refers to questioning and criticizing in the more negative sense of the word. If they are rejecting what they are told by experts, they falsely believe that they are thinking critically. This is not uncommon(许多人认为批判性思维是指在更消极的意义上进行质疑和批评。如果他们拒绝专家告诉他们的事情，他们错误地认为自己在进行批判性思考。这种情况并不少见)”可知，作者在第一段提到父子的例子是为了呈现一种普遍存在的误解，即很多人错误地认为拒绝专家的观点就是批判性思维，实际上并不是。故选C项。 10．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Critical thinkers are able to change their mind or the conclusion that they reached, when new information warrants such a change(当新的信息warrants这种改变时，批判性思考者能够改变他们的想法或他们得出的结论)”可知，此处表示当新信息证明这种改变是合理的时候，批判性思考者能够改变想法或结论，可推理出“warrants”意思是“证明…… 是合理的；为…… 辩护”，故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“A closed-minded person responds negatively when presented with new ideas that challenge their existing beliefs. These are the people who insist that even an expert's opinion is no better than anyone else's. In contrast, an open-minded person suspends judgment. They seek out more information, including information that goes against beliefs they currently hold. They review the evidence that's available and are always open to new ways of thinking(一个思想封闭的人在面对挑战他们现有信念的新想法时会做出消极的反应。这些人坚持认为，即使是专家的意见也不比其他人的好。相比之下，一个思想开放的人会暂缓判断。他们会寻找更多的信息，包括与他们目前所持信念相悖的信息。他们审查现有的证据，并且总是对新的思维方式持开放态度)”可知，思想开放的人与思想封闭的人不同之处在于，思想开放的人会暂缓判断，即他们抵制过早做出判断的冲动。故选D项。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So you need to ask questions and be open-minded about the answers. You need to know how to do research and look for reliable sources. You have to think about your own thinking and question why you hold the beliefs you do. Be aware of the pre-set ideas you bring to the argument, and learn to evaluate evidence(所以你需要提出问题，并对答案持开放态度。你需要知道如何进行研究并寻找可靠的来源。你必须思考自己的思维，并质疑自己为什么持有这样的信念。意识到你在论证中带入的预设想法，并学会评估证据)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是如何成为一个批判性思考者，即提出问题、对答案持开放态度、进行研究、思考自己的思维、质疑自己的信念、意识到预设想法和评估证据等。故选C项。 （四） （2025·江苏南京中华中学·二模） The ability to connect an event with its consequences — experts use the term associative learning — is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment. Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area. This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders, which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life. Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups: babies (0-3), primary school children (6-12), teenagers (13-19), and adults. Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks. Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability. The research team was amazed by the results: “We’d initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age,” says Dr. Carolin Konrad. However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn’t reach the performance level of primary school children. It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups. Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions, whereas adults showed minimal progress. This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon — the brain’s higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength. The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary. “This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns,” concludes Konrad. “Early identification of association of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks.” 13．Which is an example of associative learning? A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand. B．A student works harder after getting good grades. C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket. D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints. 14．What were the participants required to do in the experiments? A．Identify the relationship between different groups. B．Watch and record their own performance over time. C．Assess their learning progress during the sessions. D．Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks. 15．What surprised the researchers about associative learning? A．Adults possessed greater adaptability. B．Primary schoolers outperformed others. C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance. D．Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge. 16．Why is the “sensitive period” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To show learning ability differences across all ages. B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way. C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood. D．To demonstrate the brain’s ability to adapt in adulthood. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异，以及儿童期学习的高效性对心理健康的影响。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ability to connect an event with its consequences — experts use the term associative learning — is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment.(将事件与其结果联系起来的能力——专家称之为联想学习——是适应环境的一项关键技能。)” 可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件（取得好成绩）与结果（更加努力学习）之间的关联。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks.(参与者需要通过计算机任务识别视觉图片与相应奖励之间的模式。)” 可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D项。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn’t reach the performance level of primary school children.(然而，小学阶段的表现出现了明显的峰值：“这个年龄段的孩子取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小。”尽管成年人和青少年比婴儿学得更快，但他们的表现水平并未达到小学生的程度。)”可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生阶段的孩子取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小，由此可知，小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B项。 16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon — the brain’s higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.(这一发现突显了“敏感期”现象——儿童时期大脑具有更高的可塑性，这使得他们能够更高效地巩固知识。)”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习更高效，由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C项。 （五） （2025·江苏苏北七市·二模） In a world where tech companies often compete to create the next productivity tool, a new device is breaking away from the pack. Meet Friend: a new wearable AI companion that you wear around your neck. The small device records your every word and interaction and responds accordingly by text. They cost $99 and are expected to ship out in early 2025. The device comes at a time when loneliness and social isolation (孤独) are at record highs. Studies indicate that 61% of young people in the U.S. suffer from serious loneliness, a statistic that reveals a growing mental health crisis. While AI reshapes all the ways we interact in jobs, healthcare and entertainment — more and more people report feeling socially isolated, Schiffmann, Meet Friend’s founder, sees it differently: the device isn’t a replacement for human relationships but rather a way to fill the gaps when human companionship is hard to come by. AI companionship is controversial (有争议的). While some people, like Schiffmann, argue that it can help people feel less isolated, others worry that AI relationships might displace real human connections, and thus make people feel more lonely. If you are someone who already struggles with human interactions, the thinking goes, why would you continue to subject yourself to them when you have an AI friend who's fun and uncomplicated, and doesn’t come with all the baggage of another person? But so far, the research doesn’t seem to support this fear. Drake-Maples at Stanford University surveyed more than 1,000 students who used the AI chatbot Replika, and investigated their feelings of loneliness and perceived social support. Roughly half of these users reported decreased anxiety, and a feeling of social support. Nearly a quarter of those surveyed said they are more able to handle stress in their current relationship because of Replika’s advice. It is still a new field though, and Drake-Maples says there needs to be guidelines. “I strongly believe that you do need to have ethical guidelines around AI companions pushing people back when appropriate, towards human relationships,” she says. These could be gentle reminders like “Hey, you should go chat with somebody about that” or “Go practice this now with a real human.” 17．What is Meet Friend aimed at? A．Replacing human relationships. B．Boosting the productivity at work. C．Offering a new approach to connection. D．Detecting early symptoms of mental illness. 18．What does the underlined part “the thinking” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．AI helps avoid life’s stress. B．AI worsens feelings of loneliness. C．Human relationships are hard to keep. D．It's easy to communicate with an AI friend. 19．What is Drake-Maples’ attitude towards AI companionship? A．Cautious. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. 20．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Can we trust an AI friend? B．Will AI change human nature? C．Can an AI friend make us less lonely? D．Will AI redefine mental health crisis? 【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新型人工智能设备（Meet Friend），既有研究支持其积极作用，也探讨争议（可能加剧孤独），最终还是要对AI能否缓解孤独持谨慎态度。 17．细节理解题。由第二段中“Schiffmann, Meet Friend’s founder, sees it differently: the device isn’t a replacement for human relationships but rather a way to fill the gaps when human companionship is hard to come by. (Meet Friend的创始人Schiffmann对此有不同的看法：该设备不是人际关系的替代品，而是在难以获得人类陪伴时填补空白的一种方式)”可知，Meet Friend的创始人强调该设备并非替代人际关系，而是在人际陪伴稀缺时填补空白，其目标是提供一种新的连接方式。故选C项。 18．词句猜测题。由第三段中“While some people, like Schiffmann, argue that it can help people feel less isolated, others worry that AI relationships might displace real human connections, and thus make people feel more lonely. If you are someone who already struggles with human interactions, the thinking goes (虽然有些人，比如Schiffmann，认为它可以帮助人们减少孤立感，但其他人担心人工智能关系可能会取代真正的人际关系，从而使人们感到更加孤独。如果你是一个已经在与人类互动方面苦苦挣扎的人，the thinking是)”可知，划线的the thinking指代前文争议观点：若人们依赖轻松有趣的AI朋友，可能逃避现实中复杂的人际互动，进而加剧孤独感。故选B项。 19．推理判断题。由第四段中“Roughly half of these users reported decreased anxiety, and a feeling of social support. Nearly a quarter of those surveyed said they are more able to handle stress in their current relationship because of Replika’s advice. (这些用户中大约有一半报告说焦虑减轻，并有一种社会支持的感觉。近四分之一的受访者表示，由于Replika的建议，他们更能应对当前关系中的压力)”和最后一段中“It is still a new field though, and Drake-Maples says there needs to be guidelines. “I strongly believe that you do need to have ethical guidelines around AI companions pushing people back when appropriate, towards human relationships,” she says. (然而，这仍然是一个新领域，Drake Maples表示需要制定指导方针。她说：“我坚信，你确实需要制定关于人工智能伴侣的道德准则，在适当的时候将人们推回人际关系。”)”可知，Drake Maples虽提到AI对部分用户有积极作用，但强调需制定伦理指南，并推动AI提醒用户回归真实关系，体现其谨慎态度。故选A项。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“AI能否缓解孤独”展开：既有研究支持其积极作用，也探讨争议（可能加剧孤独），最终还是要对AI能否缓解孤独持谨慎态度，C项“人工智能朋友能让我们不那么孤独吗”。故选C项。 （六） （2025·江苏南通如皋市·二模） A puzzling primate (灵长类动物) might be the offspring (后代) of two distantly related species. And this monkey business is worrying scientists. Six years ago, tour guide Brenden Miles was traveling down the Kinabatangan River. He was on the Southeast Asian island of Borneo. Suddenly, he spotted an odd-looking primate, so he snapped a few photos. At first, he thought it could be a silvered leaf monkey with rare coloring. But then he noticed other details: The monkey’s tail was thicker than it should be, and its nose was long like that of a proboscis monkey. Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. But what was especially surprising in this case is that the monkey’s suspected parents a male proboscis monkey and a female silvered leaf monkey — are distant relatives. Scientists are concerned that this might signal that the creature’s parent species are in trouble. “Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid,” said Nadine Ruppert, a primatologist who studied the mystery monkey. Oil palm plantations have been expanding along the Kinabatangan River. As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. “In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river,” Ruppert said. “Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. In close quarters, the male of the bigger species can dominate. In this case, the proboscis male might easily displace males of the silvered leaf monkey.” The mystery monkey has made people living in the area very excited. “The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them,” Ruppert said. “Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally.” In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. 21．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The discovery of a rare species. B．A photographer’s unusual adventure. C．The new features of a strange primate. D．Differences between two monkey species. 22．What can be inferred about the two suspected parent monkey species? A．They have to fight for oil palm fruit. B．They were previously close relatives. C．Proboscis monkeys are smaller in size. D．Shared habitats influence their interaction. 23．What may cause hybridization according to the text? A．Natural disasters. B．Unsustainable farming. C．Extensive deforestation. D．Competitions within the species. 24．How does Nadine Ruppert feel about the appearance of the “mystery monkey”? A．Puzzled. B．Concerned. C．Excited. D．Relieved. 【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一只神秘的灵长类动物可能是两个亲缘关系较远的物种——长鼻猴和银叶猴——的后代，这一发现令科学家们感到担忧。 21．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Scientists have now studied those photos. They suspect that this mystery monkey is a hybrid (杂交物种). Sometimes closely related species hybridize. This happens only occasionally in the wild. (科学家们现在研究了这些照片。他们怀疑这只神秘的猴子是杂交的。有时近亲种杂交。这种情况在野外只会偶尔发生。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是稀有物种的发现。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Changes to the parent monkeys’ habitat might explain a hybrid (母猴栖息地的变化可能解释了这只杂交猴)”，“In some spots, the suspected parent monkey species have been squeezed into small patches of forest along that river (在一些地方，被怀疑是母猴的物种已经被挤进了那条河沿岸的小块森林里)”和“Monkeys there could have to compete more for mates. (那里的猴子可能不得不为配偶进行更多的竞争。)”可知，共同的栖息地影响了疑似为亲本的猴子物种的相互作用。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“As forests turn to farmland, wildlife habitats can be harmed or lost. (随着森林变成农田，野生动物栖息地可能受到损害或丧失。)”和最后一段“In Borneo and around the world, human activities and climate change are hurting animal habitats. As natural habitats are lost, mating between different species might increase. (在婆罗洲和世界各地，人类活动和气候变化正在损害动物栖息地。随着自然栖息地的丧失，不同物种之间的交配可能会增加。)”可知，大量的砍伐森林可能导致杂化，故选C。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The hybrid is gorgeous, but we don’t want to see more of them (这只杂交猴子很漂亮，但我们不希望看到更多这样的猴子)”和“Both proboscis monkeys and silvered leaf monkeys may lack enough food and space to behave as they would naturally. (长鼻猴和银叶猴都可能缺乏足够的食物和空间来自然地生活。)”可知，Nadine Ruppert对“神秘猴子”的出现是担忧的，故选B。 （七） （2025·江苏南通·二模） The Internet is a busy place, with billions of interactions, millions of content pieces, and large numbers of social media accounts and data about people. But in recent years, the so-called “dead Internet theory” has gained popularity. The theory suggests that most activity online is generated by bots (网上机器人) and AI agents, not by humans. Thanks to generative AI, plenty of AI-generated models and influencers now often show up online. AI-generated content has changed the dynamics of the Internet, making it cheaper than ever to become a content creator. It makes sense, especially from a creator’s perspective. If you spend a few hours on a video for your social pages, you expect to get likes, follows, and subscriptions. However, if you can produce three videos within the same time with AI assistance, you’re increasing your chances of creating those things within the same period. However, AI could lead to an Internet that feels dead due to a lack of obviously original content and articles that lack a human-touch — regardless of viewpoint, experience or humour. Fortunately, one glimmer of hope here is that some online giants have been taking action to reduce bot use, or so they say. Such measures are partly due to advertisers becoming more understanding regarding what makes up real human views versus bot-generated ones. So, no, the Internet is not dead. At least not yet. Dead Internet theory may be hyperbole (夸张), but it raises two important points. First, the Internet is undoubtedly moving in this direction. Second, and more significantly, the theory causes a broader unease about the emotional and social dynamics online. Social media is now the primary news source for many users around the world. Therefore, there’s potential for AI agents to promote false information and interact with each other to boost engagement, which does leave room for concern. So we do have to accept that humans share online spaces with bots and AI agents. As information spreads faster than ever across digital platforms, caution is advised: Never assume it’s actually a human you’re interacting with on the other side of your screen. 25．What can be learned about “dead Internet theory”? A．AI agents and bots dominate online activities. B．Content found online is frequently repeated. C．Humans are losing interest in online interactions. D．Social media collapse due to information overload. 26．Why do today’s creators turn to Al for content production? A．To guarantee the originality of their content. B．To make content creation completely effortless. C．To enhance efficiency of achieving their goals. D．To adapt to the changing dynamics of the Internet. 27．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The role of social media in news distribution. B．Digital platforms as the main source of news. C．The analysis of the reasons for Internet death. D．Social media’s influence and its potential issues. 28．What is the author’s advice on interacting online? A．Decrease the application of artificial intelligence. B．Protect personal privacy by limiting shared details. C．Try to identify the reliability of real human beings. D．Keep a watchful eye on the Internet interactions. 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析“互联网死亡理论”，探讨了人工智能和机器人对互联网内容和互动的影响。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“But in recent years, the so-called “dead Internet theory” has gained popularity. The theory suggests that most activity online is generated by bots(网上机器人) and AI agents, not by humans.(但近年来，所谓的“互联网死亡理论”开始流行起来。该理论认为，大多数在线活动是由机器人和人工智能代理产生的，而不是人类。)”可知，“互联网死亡理论”认为AI代理和机器人主导了在线活动。故选A项。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“If you spend a few hours on a video for your social pages, you expect to get likes, follows, and subscriptions. However, if you can produce three videos within the same time with AI assistance, you’re increasing your chances of creating those things within the same period.(如果你在你的社交页面上花了几个小时制作视频，你希望得到喜欢、关注和订阅。然而，如果你能在人工智能的帮助下在同一时间内制作三个视频，你就增加了在同一时间内创造这些东西的机会。)”可知，创作者使用AI是为了提升效率以实现目标。故选C项。 27．主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容“Dead Internet theory may be hyperbole, but it raises two important points. First, the Internet is undoubtedly moving in this direction. Second, and more significantly, the theory causes a broader unease about the emotional and social dynamics online. Social media is now the primary news source for many users around the world. Therefore, there’s potential for AI agents to promote false information and interact with each other to boost engagement, which does leave room for concern.(互联网死亡理论可能有些夸张，但它提出了两个重要的观点。首先，互联网无疑正朝着这个方向发展。其次，更重要的是，该理论引起了人们对网络情感和社会动态的广泛不安。社交媒体现在是世界各地许多用户的主要新闻来源。因此，人工智能代理有可能传播虚假信息，并相互互动以提高参与度，这确实留下了令人担忧的空间。)” 可知，本段不仅讨论了社交媒体作为新闻来源的角色，还强调了AI代理可能传播虚假信息和互动以增加参与度的潜在问题。因此，D选项“社交媒体的影响及其潜在问题”最能概括该段的主要内容。故选D项。 28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“As information spreads faster than ever across digital platforms, caution is advised: Never assume it’s actually a human you’re interacting with on the other side of your screen.(随着信息在数字平台上的传播速度比以往任何时候都要快，我们要提醒大家：永远不要以为在屏幕另一边与你互动的实际上是一个人。)”可知，作者建议对网络互动保持警惕。故选D项。 （八） （2025·江苏前黄中学·二模） For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, the word “inspiration” means the breathing-in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create. Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power. The Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works. Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct. But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton’s major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜), Newton provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory. More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow”. His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. His discovery also paved the way for the development of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars. 29．According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history? A．Their works focused on the supernatural. B．Their unique abilities came from within. C．They possessed both logic and magic. D．They were strange but indeed gifted. 30．How did the Romantic poets react to Newton’s discovery about light and color? A．They credited Newton’s insights to mystical influences. B．They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena. C．They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry. D．They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty. 31．Why does the author mention John Keats’ and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s views on Newton? A．To contrast their criticism with science’s artistic value. B．To highlight the effect of scientific breakthroughs on art. C．To show Romantic poets’ objection to scientific progress. D．To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists. 32．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Distinguishing Art from Science B．Isaac Newton’s Influence on Arts C．Shared Wonder of Art and Science D．The Artistic Interpretation of Science 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了历史上艺术实践很神秘，艺术被认为与逻辑分离。但随着科学的进步，现在科学家对星星的研究也能带来和诗人、艺术家看到星星时类似的惊奇感，表明艺术和科学存在共同的惊奇之处 。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists — inspiration — has its own magical qualities. Literally, the word “inspiration” means the breathing-in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create.(在历史上的大部分时间里，艺术实践都是神秘的，艺术家们被视为有些奇怪，往往是疯狂的。即使是最常与艺术家联系在一起的词——灵感——也有它自己神奇的特质。从字面上看，“灵感”这个词的意思是灵魂的吸入。艺术家被认为是具有独特创作灵感的人)”可知，历史上对艺术家的普遍看法是他们很奇怪，但确实很有天赋。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow”.(100多年后，最著名的浪漫主义诗人之一约翰·济慈指责牛顿“拆散彩虹”，降低了美)”可知，浪漫主义诗人认为牛顿关于光和颜色的发现淡化了自然现象的诗意之美。故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow”. His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. His discovery also paved the way for the development of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light.(100多年后，最著名的浪漫主义诗人之一约翰·济慈指责牛顿“拆散彩虹”，降低了美。他的同事塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治有一句名言：需要500个牛顿的灵魂才能产生一个莎士比亚。然而，从另一个角度来看，牛顿并没有减少彩虹的美丽；他加强了它。在探索彩虹的秘密过程中，牛顿展示了艺术家的奇迹、创造力和灵感。他的发现也为光谱学的发展铺平了道路，光谱学是一种分析光的化学组成的方法)”可推知，作者提到约翰济慈和塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治对牛顿的看法是为了将他们的批评与科学的艺术价值进行对比。故选A。 32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars.(这种能力所产生的惊奇感与诗人或艺术家凝视同样的星星时所感受到的惊奇感并无太大区别)”可知，文章主要说明了历史上艺术实践很神秘，艺术被认为与逻辑分离。但随着科学的进步，现在科学家对星星的研究也能带来和诗人、艺术家看到星星时类似的惊奇感，表明艺术和科学存在共同的惊奇之处 。由此可知，C选项“艺术与科学的共同奇迹”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。 （九） （2025·江苏苏锡常镇·二模） “If your skin is getting older, you are getting older, so be careful,” says Claudia Cavadas at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Could our fight to remove wrinkles help restore youth both inside and out? As skin ages, more and more cells enter a lifeless state called senescence (衰老). As time marches on, the mechanisms (机制) for clearing senescent cells out start to decline and they build up in tissues. This is bad news. The build-up of these cells has been shown to be a direct cause of some of the conditions that are generally more common in older age. To support her assumption around wrinkles driving whole-body ageing, Cavadas is planning to test experimental drugs on animal models of aged skin. “The evidence is still fragile, but, in a year, we will have experimental data” she says. Whether resisting skin ageing resists whole-body ageing will need to be seen. But there is another good reason to slow down skin ageing at least. Aged skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do, says a plastic surgeon. Its barrier functions weaken, wounds are slower to heal (康复), sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened. How about anti-wrinkle creams? At present, there is limited evidence that they are genuine anti-ageing treatments. We do, however, have one method for preventing skin ageing: sunscreen, which absorbs UV rays before they do damage to the skin. It is never too soon to start. Even though the first visible signs of skin ageing usually don’t appear until our mid-20s, the potential processes are under way much earlier. Apparently, wrinkle treatment should no longer be seen as a “skin-deep” thing, but as a vital part of staying biologically young and healthy. Everyone should pay attention to that, because we all have skin in this game. 33．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The definition of senescence. B．The causes of skin ageing. C．The process of cell declining. D．The consequences of skin ageing. 34．What does the underlined word “fragile” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Artificial. B．Considerable. C．Insubstantial. D．Convincing. 35．Which is a disadvantage of the aged skin? A．It tends to be sensitive to touches. B．The cut on it recovers quickly. C．The barrier functions work poorly. D．It stops guarding against diseases. 36．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．Anti-wrinkle creams are quite useful. B．Wrinkle treatment is important to health. C．Sunscreen may pose potential risk to the skin. D．Wrinkle treatment is a practice proven skin-deep. 【答案】33．D 34．C 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了皮肤老化与全身老化的关系，以及科学家对此的研究和探索，同时涉及了抗衰老的方法和防晒的重要性。 33．主旨大意题。文章第二段第一句“As skin ages, more and more cells enter a lifeless state called senescence(衰老) .(随着皮肤老化，越来越多的细胞进入一种无活力的状态，这种状态被称为衰老)”描述了随着皮肤老化，细胞进入衰老状态；接着提到“As time marches on, the mechanisms (机制) for clearing senescent cells out start to decline and they build up in tissues.(随着时间的推移，清除衰老细胞的机制开始衰退，衰老细胞在组织中不断积聚)”即清除衰老细胞的机制衰退，衰老细胞在组织中积聚；最后一句“The build-up of these cells has been shown to be a direct cause of some of the conditions that are generally more common in older age.(已经证实，这些细胞的积聚是一些老年常见病症的直接诱因)”表明这些细胞的积聚是老年常见病症的直接诱因。因此第二段主要讲述了皮肤老化的后果。故选D。 34．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句““The evidence is still fragile, but, in a year, we will have experimental data” she says.(她说：“目前的证据还fragile，但一年后，我们将获得实验数据。”)”中的but可知，后面说“一年后我们将有实验数据”，说明目前证据还不充分。选项C“Insubstantial(不充实的；无实质内容的；不牢固的)”符合目前证据还不够有力，还比较薄弱的意思。故选C。 35．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Aged skin is worse than young skin at pretty much everything it is supposed to do, says a plastic surgeon. Its barrier functions weaken, wounds are slower to heal (康复), sensitivity to touch declines and its ability to defend diseases is weakened.(一位整形外科医生说，衰老的皮肤在几乎所有它应有的功能方面都比年轻皮肤差。皮肤的屏障功能减弱，伤口愈合速度变慢，对触摸的敏感度下降，抵御疾病的能力也变弱了)”可知，老年皮肤的屏障功能会减弱，即其屏障功能较差。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Apparently, wrinkle treatment should no longer be seen as a “skin-deep” thing, but as a vital part of staying biologically young and healthy. Everyone should pay attention to that, because we all have skin in this game.(显然，皱纹治疗不应再被视为一件“表面”的事情，而应被视为保持生理年轻和健康的重要部分。每个人都应该重视这一点，因为在这场与衰老的对抗中，我们都拥有皮肤)”可知，皱纹治疗不应只被看作是表面的事情，而是保持生理年轻和健康的重要部分。由此推知，皱纹治疗对健康很重要。故选B。 （十） （2025·江苏泰州中学·二模） In this period of anxiety about the size of our waists and what we consume, simple dietary rules are appealing.“Eat like our ancestors”is a particularly catchy slogan (口号) to live by. But who are these ancestors we are supposed to follow? Are they our great-great-grandparents, cooking healthy things? Or are they hairy animals we imagine “cavemen“ to be? The popular ancient diet blames modern health problems on the birth of agriculture, claiming that we should stick to eating meat, nuts and berries. This kind of stone age trend is based on the false assumption that palaeolithic (旧石器时代的) peoples all ate the same food, regardless of their location. Nevertheless, England’s 9,000-year-old Cheddar Man would not have eaten the same foods as his contemporaries on the Kenyan plain. The amount of meat peoples ate, and how much was obtained by hunting, are also up for debate. Moreover, the stone age trend is focused on what’s perceived to be good for our bodies, without any concern for the rest of nature, including other humans whose livelihoods are threatened by western overconsumption. Were I to eat like my Punjabi farming great-grandparents, my diet would be based on the wheat and milk products that people in the Punjab have relied on for probably at least the last two thousand years. But delicious and “original” as it might be for me to follow its lead, the morals of industrially farmed milk products in the 21st century make the situation more confusing and complicated. Now, probably more than ever before, what we eat connects us to the fate of other beings, human and non-human, and to the fate of our planet. A dogmatic (武断的) approach to this would be a mistake. Better to preserve what’s worth keeping and remain clear-eyed about our cooking past, much of which is unknowable, immoral and impossible to follow in any case. 37．What does the text concern? A．An ancient study. B．An immoral case. C．A balanced diet. D．A popular belief. 38．Why does the author mention Cheddar Man in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate an opinion. B．To present a fact. C．To clarify a concept. D．To introduce a theory. 39．What does the author focus on in paragraph 4? A．The eating behavior of our great-grandparents. B．The connection between food choice and nature. C．The relationship among eating,hunting and farming. D．The impact of food overconsumption on the environment. 40．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Punjabi diet:popular again B．Should we eat like our ancestors? C．Is the fate of the planet in our hands? D．Our cooking past:a complicated history 【答案】37．D 38．A 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了从石器时代到现代等不同时期人类的饮食选择的见解与看法，说明我们最好保留值得保留的东西，并对我们的饮食历史保持清醒的认识。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“In this period of anxiety about the size of our waists and what we consume, simple dietary rules are appealing. “Eat like our ancestors” is a particularly catchy slogan (口号) to live by.(在这个对腰围大小和消费的东西感到焦虑的时期，简单的饮食规则很有吸引力。“像我们的祖先一样吃饭”是一个特别吸引人的口号。)”可知，在现代，简单的饮食规则很有吸引力，现在最受欢迎的口号是“像我们祖先那样吃饭”，从而引出本文的话题。由此可知本文关注的话题为一种受欢迎的信念。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nevertheless, England’s 9,000-year-old Cheddar Man would not have eaten the same foods as his contemporaries on the Kenyan plain.(然而，拥有9000年历史的英格兰切达人不会吃与他在肯尼亚平原上的同时代人相同的食物。)”讲述的是英国九千年前的Cheddar Man吃的食物与肯尼亚平原上的同时代人不同，由此可知，此处阐述的是一种观点和看法。故选A项。 39．主旨大意题。分析段落的结构可知，第四段中的首句“Moreover, the stone age trend is focused on what’s perceived to be good for our bodies, without any concern for the rest of nature, including other humans whose livelihoods are threatened by western overconsumption.(此外，石器时代的趋势集中在被认为对我们身体有益的东西上，而不关心自然界的其他部分，包括其他生计受到西方过度消费威胁的人。)”是本段的主题句，此段讲述的是石器时代人们选择的是我们认为对我们身体有益的东西，根本不考虑大自然的其他方面。由此可知，该段分析的是石器时代人们对食物的选择与大自然的关系。故选B项。 40．主旨大意题。根据首段中的““Eat like our ancestors” is a particularly catchy slogan (口号) to live by.(“像我们的祖先一样吃饭”是一个特别吸引人的口号。)”引出本文讲述的话题，接下来文章又分析不同时代的人们对饮食观点和看法，再结合文章尾段中的“Better to preserve what’s worth keeping and remain clear-eyed about our cooking past, much of which is unknowable, immoral and impossible to follow in any case.(最好保留值得保留的东西，并对我们的烹饪历史保持清醒，其中大部分是不可知的，不道德的，无论如何都不可能遵循的。)”可知，我们在对食物作出选择的时候要保持清醒的头脑，不能一味地跟随以前的消费想法，综合以上分析，该段的标题可以为“我们要不要像我们的祖先那样消费？”。故选B项。 （十一） （2025·江苏盐城射阳中学·二模） “Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. “Technology has become religion,” writes Greg Epstein, a “humanist” chaplain (牧师) who works at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in his controversial new book, Tech Agnostic. Believe him? There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. Like monasteries, tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules. Techies can sound as if they are expressing religious principles, too. Google’s original motto — “Don’t be evil” — has biblical tones. Mr. Musk has described his interplanetary ambitions as aiming to “extend the light of consciousness to the stars”. The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. Epstein excels when he applies religious knowledge to tech research, providing unique insights. His observations are fascinating and insightful. But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. For every technology, he has found someone to criticize it exaggeratedly, then slightly softens the criticism (for the sake of fairness), but still lets the point stand. This is a missed opportunity. Too few have explored tech leaders’ religious beliefs, from AI pioneers’ fascination with Jewish mysticism to Jobs’ Zen Buddhism practice. Meanwhile, Pope (教皇) Francis has held several meetings with AI experts in Rome. At the start of the book, Mr. Epstein asks: “Am I speaking literally? Yes.” He is not lying. The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. 41．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To give an explanation. B．To introduce the topic. C．To support an argument. D．To summarize the information. 42．The underlined word “monasteries” in paragraph 3 probably refers to ________. A．religious places B．corporate offices C．educational centers D．government buildings 43．How does Epstein deal with the second half of his book? A．He explores new and unique insights. B．He focuses on positive aspects of technology. C．He voices fierce criticism against technology. D．He repeats common concerns about technology. 44．What does the author think about the book? A．It provides a detailed guide to technology. B．It has an appealing idea but lacks deep analysis. C．It offers a balanced view of technology’s impact. D．It criticizes technology without providing solutions. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．D 44．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Epstein的书Tech Agnostic，这本书探讨了科技与宗教的相似性，提出了有趣的理论，但未能进行深入分析。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段““Entire subway absorbed in the small devices held in hand. Some sort of worship?” The tweet by Joyce Carol Oates in 2019, alongside a photo of riders holding mobile phones, as if in prayer, captures how society holds technology sacred. Most people check their phones on waking and before sleeping, replacing an earlier generations’ prayer routine. (“整个地铁都沉浸在手中的小设备中。某种形式的敬拜?”Joyce Carol Oates在2019年发布的这条推文，配上一张乘客拿着手机的照片，仿佛在祈祷，这体现了社会是如何将技术视为神圣的。大多数人在醒来和睡觉前都会查看手机，取代了前几代人的祷告习惯)”可知，第一段通过Joyce Carol Oates的推文和照片，描述了人们在地铁上专注使用手机的现象，并引出技术在现代社会中被“神圣化”的主题，为后续介绍以技术与宗教的相似性为主题的书奠定了基础，因此其主要功能是引入话题。故选B项。 42．词句猜测题。画线词的前文“There are plenty of parallels. Both tech and religion have gods, which in Silicon Valley might be legendary leaders such as Jobs or Musk, with devoted followers. Tech firms and religions are also considered as all-powerful and wealthy. (有很多相似之处。科技和宗教都有自己的“神”，在硅谷，这些“神”可能是乔布斯或马斯克等拥有忠实追随者的传奇领袖。科技公司和宗教也被认为是无所不能和富有的)”提到科技和宗教有众多相似之处，包括其领导者及对机构本身的认知，再结合画线词的后文“tech companies are secretive and boast unique cultures and rules (科技公司行事隐秘，拥有独特的文化和规则)”可推知，科技公司的这种氛围类似于宗教中的修道院，画线词意思应该是“修道院”，属于宗教场所。故选A项。 43．细节理解题。根据第五段中“But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. Instead, he recites a long list of familiar worries about technology, blaming it for excessive screen time, unstable gig economy jobs, and heavy monitoring via facial recognition and online ads. (但这样的见解在书的后半部分是罕见的。相反，他列举了一长串人们熟悉的对科技的担忧，将过度的屏幕时间、不稳定的零工经济工作，以及通过面部识别和在线广告进行的过度监控归咎于科技)”可知，Epstein在书的后半部分重复了人们对技术的普遍担忧。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The first half of Tech Agnostic does an excellent job of exploring how tech companies have persuaded people to faithfully believe in their mission and team. (Tech Agnostic的前半部分很好地探讨了科技公司是如何说服人们忠实地相信他们的使命和团队的)”、第五段中“But such insights are rare in the second half of the book. (但这样的见解在书的后半部分是罕见的)”和最后一段中“The book presents an interesting theory but falls short in fully addressing the topic. (这本书提出了一个有趣的理论，但在充分论述这个主题方面存在不足)”可知，作者认为书的理论很有趣，前半部分做得很好，但后半部分缺乏见解。由此可知，作者的想法应该是“这本书有一个吸引人的想法，但缺乏深入的分析”。故选B项。 （十二） （2025·江苏盐城射阳中学·二模） At 6 a.m. in an English village, hundreds of pinkish white sows are waking up for breakfast. But first, they have to get their pictures taken. As each pig squeezes into her feeding area, a tiny camera snaps a photo of her face. And in less than 1 second, an artificial intelligence system identifies her based on facial features. Armed with that information, the AIorders a customized meal to shoot into the trough (食槽). Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room. These hungry piggies are the testers of Intellipig, a system being developed by scientists to deal with a fundamental problem in animal welfare: we human beings are just not the best at understanding how animals are feeling. Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives. But like most scientists considering the powers of AI, animal behavior researchers worry about putting too much stock in machines, especially when animal welfare is at risk. “Maybe a machine will end up being better than us; I don’t know,” says Emma Baxter, an animal behavior scientist. “I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.” 45．What can the Intellipig system do automatically? A．Monitor pigs’ well-being. B．Clean pigs’ living spaces. C．Deliver medical services to pigs. D．Provide standardized diets for pigs. 46．What is Melvyn Smith’s attitude towards AI’s role in animal care? A．Concerned. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Skeptical. 47．What approach does Emma Baxter support when it comes to AI and animal care? A．Banning the use of AI. B．Restricting AI to basic tasks. C．Keeping professionals involved. D．Minimizing human intervention. 48．What is the best title for the text? A．Intellipig: AI Provides 24/7 Animal Care B．Intellipig: AI Can Understand Animal Speech C．Intellipig: AI Replaces Farmers in Animal Care D．Intellipig: AI Assists in Detecting Animal Emotions 【答案】45．A 46．B 47．C 48．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Intellipig通过面部识别技术对猪食物和情绪方面的全面照顾。 46．细节理解题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，该系统会继续分析它的照片，寻找其面部表情中可能表明它正处于疼痛、生病或情绪困扰状态的负面迹象。如果发现了任何此类迹象，系统会立即向农民发出警报——而此时这位农民正在隔壁房间里惬意地喝着晨间咖啡)”可知，Intellipig系统能够自动监测猪的健康状况，包括身体和情绪方面，故选A。 47．推理判断题。根据第四段“Tools like Intellipig could usher in (开启) a new era of caring for animals that gives higher priority to their health, welfare, and protection, says Melvyn Smith, an engineer leading the design of the Intellipig system. There are indications that they could go even further. Eventually, AI might even outshine humans in interpreting a range of more complex emotions like happiness, frustration, or fear, he says — feelings that are equally important to understand if we are to give animals the best possible lives.(负责设计Intellipig系统的工程师梅尔文・史密斯表示，像Intellipig这样的工具能够开启一个关爱动物的新时代，在这个时代里，动物的健康、福利和保护被置于更高的优先地位。有迹象表明，这些工具还能发挥更大的作用。他说，最终，人工智能在解读诸如快乐、沮丧或恐惧等一系列更为复杂的情绪方面，甚至可能会超越人类——如果我们想要给予动物尽可能好的生活，理解这些情绪同样至关重要)”可推知，Melvyn Smith对人工智能在动物护理方面持积极乐观态度，故选B。 48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Emma Baxter所说的话“I hope there’s room for experts, to make sure that the AI is actually doing what it says it is.(我希望有专家参与的空间，以确保人工智能确实在做它所说的事情)”可推知，她希望专业人士仍然参与其中，以确保AI系统发挥应有作用，故选C。 49．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Meanwhile, the system continues to analyze her photo, looking for negative signs in her facial expression that she might be in pain, sick, or in emotional distress. If it finds any, it sends an immediate alert to the farmer — the guy enjoying a morning coffee over in the next room.(与此同时，该系统会继续分析它的照片，寻找其面部表情中可能表明它正处于疼痛、生病或情绪困扰状态的负面迹象。如果发现了任何此类迹象，系统会立即向农民发出警报——而此时这位农民正在隔壁房间里惬意地喝着晨间咖啡)”以及文章重点介绍了AI如何通过识别动物面部特征来判断情绪和健康状态，而不是提供全天候照料或替代农场主，D选项“Intellipig：人工智能协助检测动物情绪”准确概括了文章的主要内容，是文章最佳标题。故选D。 （十三） （2025·江苏南京·二模） Inspired by an event held by the Dallas-based Daddy Stroller (婴儿车) Social Club (DSSC) , a group for fathers, Brandon Shaw wrote an 83-page typed letter to his father. From the Blacklit bookstore, Kalvin Bridgewater led 15 dads, including his own father, who was seated next to Shaw, in an emotional event where the men dug into what they hated, loved, misunderstood and appreciated about their fathers as they grew up. Founded by Bridgewater in 2021, DSSC initially met with about 30 dads per event but skyrocketed in popularity after two online videos became hits in April 2024. It now attracts over 150 dads at events, where fathers bond over shared experiences and provide emotional backing for one another. DSSC’s appeal is broad, attracting dads from various professions, including doctors, engineers, and electricians. The group emphasizes emotional support, with members regularly checking in on one another. As Shaw shared, the group provides a space where men can be open, asking, “How are you feeling?” Shaw, who joined the group when he first became a father, said it has made him more patient and understanding. Bridgewater, who became a certified doula (产妇陪护师) to better support his wife through pregnancy (孕期), also ensures DSSC allows partners some time for themselves. At a May event, scheduled just before Mother’s Day, mothers had the day off while fathers spent time bonding with their children. Brandon Shaw described the experience as transformative, saying it helped him connect with his own weaknesses, something he had previously kept hidden. He sent the letter he wrote to his father for Father’s Day. It arrives soon. He said he doesn’t expect a response and just hopes his father reads it. As Bridgewater puts it, fatherhood is just about “being honest and sharing”. 50．What can be inferred about DSSC from the first two paragraphs? A．It creates a group of father influencers. B．It repairs broken father-son relationships. C．It promotes fathers’ emotional well-being. D．It highlights fathers’ vital role in childcare. 51．What makes DSSC appealing? A．Parenting instructions. B．Good childcare service. C．Supportive atmosphere. D．Diverse member backgrounds. 52．Why is the May event mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate another aim of DSSC． B．To justify the founder’s personal experience. C．To stress the importance of DSSC． D．To show an ideal husband-wife relationship. 53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The severity of parental issues. B．DSSC’s influence on its members. C．The necessity to identify weaknesses. D．Bridgewater’s devotion to fatherhood. 【答案】50．C 51．C 52．A 53．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达拉斯Daddy Stroller Social Club (DSSC)如何通过组织活动促进父亲们的情感支持和相互理解，改善他们的心理健康。 50．推理判断题。根据第一段中“From the Blacklit bookstore, Kalvin Bridgewater led 15 dads, including his own father, who was seated next to Shaw, in an emotional event where the men dug into what they hated, loved, misunderstood and appreciated about their fathers as they grew up.(在Blacklit书店，Kalvin Bridgewater带领15位父亲，包括坐在Shaw旁边的他自己的父亲，参加了一个充满情感的活动，在活动中，这些男人们深入挖掘了他们成长过程中对父亲的讨厌、喜爱、误解和感激之情)”以及第二段中“It now attracts over 150 dads at events, where fathers bond over shared experiences and provide emotional backing for one another.(现在，该活动吸引了150多位父亲，父亲们在这里通过共同的经历建立联系，并相互提供情感支持)”可知，在DSSC组织的活动中，父亲们挖掘自己对父亲的情感，并且在活动中通过共同的经历建立联系，互相提供情感支持，故可推知，DSSC促进了父亲们的情感健康。故选C。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段中“DSSC’s appeal is broad, attracting dads from various professions, including doctors, engineers, and electricians. The group emphasizes emotional support, with members regularly checking in on one another. As Shaw shared, the group provides a space where men can be open, asking, “How are you feeling? ”(DSSC的吸引力广泛，吸引了来自不同职业的父亲们加入，包括医生、工程师和电工。该团体强调情感支持，成员之间经常互相问候关心。正如Shaw所分享的，这个小组提供了一个可以让男人们敞开心扉的空间，在这里大家可以问：“你感觉怎么样？”)”可知，DSSC吸引人的是其支持性的氛围。故选C。 52．推理判断题。根据第四段“Bridgewater, who became a certified doula (产妇陪护师) to better support his wife through pregnancy (孕期) , also ensures DSSC allows partners some time for themselves. At a May event, scheduled just before Mother’s Day, mothers had the day off while fathers spent time bonding with their children.(Bridgewater为了更好地在妻子怀孕期间支持她，成为了一名有证书的助产士，他还确保DSSC能让伴侣们有一些自己的时间。在5月的一个活动上，该活动安排在母亲节前夕，母亲们休息一天，而父亲们则花时间与孩子们建立联系)”可推知，第四段提到5月的活动是为了说明DSSC的另一个目标，即让伴侣们有一些自己的时间。故选A。 53．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Brandon Shaw described the experience as transformative, saying it helped him connect with his own weaknesses, something he had previously kept hidden. He sent the letter he wrote to his father for Father’s Day. It arrives soon. He said he doesn’t expect a response and just hopes his father reads it. As Bridgewater puts it, fatherhood is just about “being honest and sharing”.(Brandon Shaw称这次经历改变了他，帮助他正视自己的弱点，这是他以前一直隐藏的。他把写给父亲的信寄了出去，作为父亲节的礼物。信很快就会到。他说他并不期待回复，只是希望父亲能读到这封信。正如Bridgewater所说，为人父就是“要诚实，要分享”)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是DSSC对其成员的影响。故选B。 （十四） （2025·江苏常州高级中学·二模） A biography of Caminada written by Angela Buckley reveals a series of striking similarities between him and the fictional character, in terms of their unusual methods and character. The son of an Italian father and Irish mother, Caminada was based in Manchester, but was involved in cases which took him across the country. Most of his career was spent with Manchester City Police Force although he later operated, like Holmes, as a “consulting detective”. He became well-known in the mid-1880s, shortly before Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet and parallels soon emerged between the two. As the fictional character relied on a network of underworld contacts the Baker Street Irregulars — so Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers, whom he would often meet in the back seat of a church. These characters helped him build up an encyclopedic knowledge of the criminal fraternity (兄弟会), among whom he would often move in disguise another method in common with Holmes. His skill with disguises was so renowned that on one occasion his own chief police officer was unable to recognize him. Mrs. Buckley identifies Caminada’s “Moriaty” figure as Bob Horridge, a violent, intelligent career criminal, with whom he had a 20-year fight, which began when Caminada arrested him for stealing a watch, landing him with a sentence of seven years’ penal servitude because of his previous crimes. This harsh sentence for a relatively small crime angered Horridge so much that he swore revenge (报复) on the detective. His good luck finally ended after he shot two police officers. Caminada tracked him to Liverpool where the detective, disguised once more, eventually arrested him. Caminada’s “Irene Adler” was Alicia Ormonde, an apparently well-educated woman with a noble background and expensive tastes, who was actually an experienced criminal wanted for frauds and thefts. Caminada tracked her down and arrested her, but in an echo of Holmes’ fascination with Adler the detective apparently became attracted by her. The case took place in 1890, a year before Adler appeared in A Scandal in Bohemia. Other individuals have previously been put forward as the basis for Holmes. However, Mrs. Buckley, whose book is called The Real Sherlock Holmes, believes that Caminada was used to give Holmes a better grounding in actual casework among the criminal fraternity inspiring his detecting styles and some of the puzzling cases he encountered. 54．What do we know about Caminada from the passage? A．He was the only basis for Holmes B．He had a mixed knowledge of crimes. C．He died after the last Holmes book was set D．He had a whole life career as a “consulting detective”. 55．Which of the following CANNOT prove that Caminada was the basis for Holmes? A．Caminada became a national figure shortly before Holmes’ first appearance. B．Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers in the Baker Street. C．Caminada had a Moriaty-like enemy for a long period of time. D．Caminada often changed his appearances to look into cases 56．What can we infer from paragraph 6 and 7? A．Caminada arrested the two criminals in disguise. B．Caminada tracked both of the two criminals for years C．Caminada fell in love with Alicia Ormonde in the case D．Both Horridge and Ormonde took revenge on Caminada. 57．What is the most suitable title of the passage? A．Clues to a real Holmes B．Caminada and his legend C．Wisdom of a detective D．Detecting styles of Sherlock Holmes 【答案】54．B 55．B 56．C 57．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个和福尔摩斯十分相似的人——安吉拉·巴克利，卡米纳达给福尔摩斯提供了一个更好的基础，帮助他在犯罪团伙中处理实际案件，启发了他的侦查风格和他遇到的一些令人费解的案件。 54．细节理解题。根据第四段“These characters helped him build up an encyclopedic knowledge of the criminal fraternity (兄弟会), among whom he would often move in disguise another method in common with Holmes. (这些角色帮助他建立了对犯罪团伙的百科全书式的了解，他经常在犯罪团伙中乔装打扮，这是他和福尔摩斯的另一个共同点。)”可知，卡米纳达对犯罪的了解好坏参半。故选B。 55．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the fictional character relied on a network of underworld contacts the Baker Street Irregulars — so Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers, whom he would often meet in the back seat of a church. (由于这个虚构的角色依赖于贝克街非正规军的地下关系网，所以卡米纳达以他广泛的线人网络而闻名，他经常在教堂的后座上见到这些线人。)”可知，B选项“卡米纳达以他在贝克街广泛的线人网络而闻名”不能证明卡米纳达是福尔摩斯的原型。故选B。 56．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Caminada tracked her down and arrested her, but in an echo of Holmes’ fascination with Adler the detective apparently became attracted by her .(卡米纳达追踪并逮捕了她，但正如福尔摩斯对阿德勒的迷恋一样，这位侦探显然也被她吸引了。)”可知，卡米纳达爱上了Alicia Ormonde。故选C。 57．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Most of his career was spent with Manchester City Police Force although he later operated, like Holmes, as a “consulting detective”. He became well-known in the mid-1880s, shortly before Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet and parallels soon emerged between the two. (他的大部分职业生涯都是在曼彻斯特市警察局度过的，尽管他后来像福尔摩斯一样担任“咨询侦探”。他在19世纪80年代中期成名，就在夏洛克·福尔摩斯首次出现在《血字的研究》之前不久，两人之间很快出现了相似之处。)”结合文章主要介绍了一个和福尔摩斯十分相似的人——安吉拉·巴克利，卡米纳达给福尔摩斯提供了一个更好的基础，帮助他在犯罪团伙中处理实际案件，启发了他的侦查风格和他遇到的一些令人费解的案件。可知，A选项“真实福尔摩斯的线索”最符合文章标题。故选A。 1 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$