专题11 Unit5 Languages Around the World课文篇-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版2019）

Unit5 Languages Around the World课文篇 Reading and Thinking ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Chinese writing system 汉字书写体系 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n.［C］体系；制度；系统 2.connect...and/to/with... 连接……和…… 3.all the way through 一直, 自始至终 4.despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管（=in spite of） 5.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 6.the main factor主要因素 factor /ˈfæktə（r）/ n.［C］因素；要素 7.a picture-based language基于图形的语言 base /beɪs/ vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n.［C］底部；根据 8.date back （to） 追溯到 9.bone /bəʊn/ n.［C］骨头 10.shell /ʃel/ n.［C，U］ 壳；［C］壳状物 11.symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.［C］符号；象征 12.carve /kɑ:v/ vt. & vi.雕刻 13.the Shang Dynasty商朝 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.［C］ 王朝；朝代 14.well-developed adj. 完善的；发展良好的 15.over the years 多年以来；这些年来 16.geographically /ˌdʒi:əˈgræfɪkli/ adv. 在地理上地 17.varieties of（=a variety of = various）多种多样的 variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n.［C］ （植物、语言等的）变体 18.dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］ 地方话,方言 19.character /ˈkærəktə（r）/ n.［C］文字,符号 20.emperor /ˈempərə（r）/ n.［C］皇帝 21.unite /juˈnaɪt/ vt.& vi. 统一；vi.联合，团结 22.major /ˈmeɪdʒə（r）/ adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 23.in one direction 朝着一个方向 24.be of great importance（=be very important）非常重要 25.dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］地方话；方言 26.means /mi:nz/ n.［C］ 方式；方法；途径（pl.. .means） by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法 27.classic works 经典作品 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.［C］ 经典作品；名著 28.high regard for... 对……十分尊敬/非常重视 regard /rɪˈɡɑ:d/ n.［U］ 尊重；关注 29.Chinese calligraphy中国书法 calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n.［U］ 书法；书法艺术 30.play a（n） ... role in... 在……中扮演……角色 （role可换为part） 31.global affairs 全球事务 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 affair /əˈfeə（r）/ n.［pl.］ 公共事务；［C,usually sing.］事件 32.appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视 33.amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的；令人惊喜的 拓展 amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 ( 课文解析 ) 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。龙骨指动物骨头和壳，古代中国人在上面刻画简单的符号。一些古代符号在今天的汉字中仍可看到。 到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 ( 知识解析 ) 1 native 教材语境Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.听一篇演讲，在母语使用人数最多的两种语言前打钩。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 native adj.本地的；出生地的；原产于某地 的，土产的 native land/country/language故乡/祖国/母语 be native to...原产于…… n.［C］出生于某国（或某地）的人； 本地人；本地的动物（或植物） a native of... ……本地人；原产 于……的动物（或植物） Watching English movies helps me get used to how fast people who speak English as their native language talk. 看英文电影帮助我习惯了以英语为母语的人说话的速度。 The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world，which is native to China. 大熊猫受到全世界人的喜爱, 它原产于中国。 Li Ming is quite familiar with the city because he is a native （of it）. 李明对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是当地人。 The kangaroo is a native of Australia, which can jump very high.袋鼠是原产于澳大利亚的动物,它可以跳得非常高。 1.As you know, I am not a native Beijing. I moved to the city a decade ago. 2.The blueberry is believed to be one of the few fruits native North America. 3.I made friends with the ________（native）, and their reaction（反应） amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists. 2 refer to 教材语境What do the italicised words refer to in the sentences?句子中的斜体词指的是什么? 用法详解 短语 含义/搭配 英文助解 refer to 描述，与……相关，涉及 to describe or be connected to sb./sth. 谈及，提到，说起refer  to...as...将……称为…… to mention or speak about sb./sth. 查阅，参考，征询 to look at sth.or ask sb.for information This paragraph refers to the events of last year Lisa experienced. 这一段说的是莉萨去年经历的事。 The term "Arts" usually refers to humanities and social sciences. "Arts"一词通常指人文和社会科学。 She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 在演讲中她好几次提到这个话题。 People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。 The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty；for detailed information， refer to the book.这种风俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要知道更详细的信息，查阅这本书。 辨析比较 短语 含义 所接内容 refer to 查阅 所查的工具书或资料（如词典、笔记、参考书等） look up 需要查找的对象（如word、phrase等） 相关词语积累： I am writing with reference to your question on how to learn Chinese well. 我给你写信是要谈谈你提出的有关如何学好中文的问题。 1.The Chinese couplets（对联） refer two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper. 2.At one time, people referred to Shanghai the "Paris of the East". 结合refer to和look up的用法完成句子 1.由于太过紧张，玛丽在演讲时一直翻看笔记。 Mary was so nervous that she kept _____________________ during her speech. 2.我经常在词典上或在网上查我不认识的单词。 I often___________________ I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet. 3 despite 教材语境China is widely known for..., despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因……而闻名于世。 用法详解 despite 是介词，意为"即使，尽管"，相当于in spite of。 despite doing sth.尽管做了某事 despite the fact that...尽管发生了某事 Despite the challenges, our team take an optimistic attitude to our work.尽管面临挑战，我们的团队仍对工作持乐观态度。 Despite having failed several times, I refused to give up. 尽管已经失败了好几次，我也不愿放弃。 Tina was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 蒂娜尽管认为物理枯燥无味，却学得很好。 1.Despite _______（face） challenges from modern entertainment（娱乐） forms, Huangmei Opera with a long history is still alive and loved. 2.尽管存在各种问题，有几个队员还是表现得很出色。 __________________________________, several of the players produced excellent performances. 4 base 教材语境At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。 用法详解 （1）vt.以……为基础 base…on…（常用被动语态：be based on ）……以……为基础（或根据） We should base our English learning on real-life situations. 我们应该把英语学习建立在真实情景的基础上。 This news report is based entirely on facts. 这篇新闻报道完全以事实为基础。 I'm going to write a book based on my own experience. 我打算根据我自己的经历写一本书。 （2）n.［C］根据； ［C，usually sing.］根基；基础； ［C,U］ 基地 The director used a true love story as the base for this film. 这位导演以一个真实的爱情故事作为这部电影的素材。 Finally, they returned to the base, safe and sound.最后他们安然无恙地回到了基地。 相关词语积累： 1.用base的适当形式填空 ①_______ on many years of careful observation, his theory was widely accepted by other scientists in the field. ②________ his views on the problems students had had in learning English, he lectured on the best methods of learning foreign languages. 5&6 date back （to），symbol 教材语境 It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。龙骨指动物骨头和壳，古代中国人在上面刻画简单的符号。 date back （to） 用法详解 短语 含义 用法 时态&语态 date back 已存在，追溯 到……以前 后接一个时间长度（have existed for the length of time mentioned） 在句中作谓语时，常用 于一般现在时，无被动 语态 date back to （=date from） 追溯到，始于 后接一个过去的具体时间 （have existed since a particular time in the past） The skills of cooking in China can date back thousands of years.中国的烹饪技艺可以追溯到几千年前。 It is said that cleaning houses before the Spring Festival is an old custom dating back to Yao and Shun period（动词-ing短语作后置定语）. 据说春节前打扫房子这个古老的习俗可以追溯到尧舜时代。（应用文写作之传统习俗） 高考常考查date back （to）/date from的非谓语形式，即dating back （to）/dating from，其在句中多作状语或定语。 back to the 18th century, Peking Opera（京剧） has over twohundred years of history. A.Dating B.Being dated C.To date D.To be dated 与date相关的其他短语： Call me next week and we'll try to fix a date for the next meeting. 下周打电话给我，我们争取为下次会议定个时间。 1.Mo Li Hua is a popular Chinese song which dates back ___ the 19th century. 2.In the past few years, Mr Smith has collected lots of ancient coins _______（date） from the Ming Dynasty. 用date的相关短语完成句子 1.The art of paper cutting in China may _______________________（追溯到） the sixth century. 2.The lake, which ___________ （追溯到……以前） about 3.4 billion years, covers an area of about 80 square miles and is up to 1,500 feet deep. 3._________（到目前为止）, Yang's team has trained hundreds of local farmers, which will allow them to keep up with the advances in modern agriculture. Symbol 用法详解 symbol n.［C］象征；记号，符号 a/the symbol of… ……的象征 Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. 人类在思考、交谈、阅读和写作时也会使用符号。（链高考|2023·浙江1月） Almost in the whole world, the dove is considered as the symbol of peace.几乎全世界都把鸽子看作是和平的象征。 相关词语积累： symbolize vt.象征，代表 symbolic adj.象征性的 a meeting of symbolic importance 具有重要象征意义的一次会议 语法填空 1.Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol ___ good fortune and wealth. 2.Chinese paper cutting is rich in content and its designs usually __________（symbol） good luck. 7&8 variety，character 教材语境…as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。 variety 用法 （1）n. ［C］（植物、语言等的）变体，异体；［sing.］（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 the variety of... ……的不同种类/多种式样 a （wide） variety of/varieties of...各种各样的…… I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我心动。 The article was about the different varieties of English spoken all over the world.这篇文章是关于世界各地所说的各类英语。 （2）n.［U］变化，多样化，多变性 When preparing meals, we need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value.准备饭菜时，我们需要考虑（菜品的）多样性、口味以及营养价值。 相关词语积累： 1.Libraries will often hold reading-group activities targeted（针对） at ________（vary） age groups. 2._________（vary） of solutions ______（have） been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose one to start with. character 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 文字，符号；角色，人物 Chinese characters 汉字 I have learnt some Chinese characters in Mr Li's class and practice writing them every day.我已经从李老师的课上学到了一些汉字，并每天练习书写。 Scar is a cruel and dangerous character in The Lion King.刀疤在《狮子王》中是一个残酷且危险的角色。（应用文写作之电影介绍） （2）n. ［C, usually sing.］品质，性格，特点;［C,usually sing.,U］特征，特色 A man's actions show his character.行为可显示一个人的品性。 The two towns are similar in size but very different in character. 这两个城镇大小差不多，但特色却大不相同。 9 major 教材语境Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country... 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 major adj.主要的，重要的，大的（常作前置定语） / n.［C］主修课程；专业课 / vi.主修 major in...主修…… His daring attitude toward risks is a major part of his character.敢于冒险是他性格一个主要特征。 No matter what your major is, you should make every effort to learn it well.不管你的专业是什么，你都应该尽一切努力学好它。 John majored in finance at university and is now working in a bank.约翰在大学时主修金融，现在他在一家银行工作。 相关词语积累： 1.She majored English at Shanghai International Studies University. 2.Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. However, majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 10 means 教材语境Written Chinese has also become an important means... 汉字也成为……一个重要媒介。 用法详解 means n.［C］方式，方法,途径 a means of （doing） sth. 做某事的方法 by this means通过这种方式 by means of... 借助……手段,依靠……方法 by no means决不,一点儿也不（置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装） by all means当然可以,没问题（常用作交际用语） For most people in the city, the bus is their main means of transport. 对这个城市的大多数人来说，公共汽车是他们的主要交通工具。 We can make great progress in our English study by this means.我们可以通过这种方式在英语学习中取得很大的进步。 Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想借助言语来表达。/言为心声。 By no means will Jane 部分倒装 agree to go hiking this weekend. She has too much work to do.简决不会同意这周末去远足。她有太多工作要做。 —Paul, can I use your new computer?保罗,我能用一下你的新电脑吗?—By all means! 当然可以！ 特别提醒 means单复数同形，单复数同形的名词还有deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊）， species（物种）等。means 作主语，由 every, each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式； 由all, several， many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 All possible means have been tried，but not every means works.所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。 归纳拓展 "用这种方法"的表达还有：in this way with this method in this manner 1.As we all know, body language is an important means communication in each culture. 2.My experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face, and only this way can we make progress. 3.Punishment is no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically（身心）. 用means的相关短语完成句子 1.—Can you tell me something about Zhang Zhongjing? —______________. He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2._____________ WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday communication. 11 regard 教材语境The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form， known as Chinese calligraphy...中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 regard n. ［U］尊重，尊敬；注意，关注 have high regard for... 对……十分尊重/非常重视 n. ［pl.］问候 give...one's regards=give one's regards to...代某人向……问好 vt.将……认为，把……视为，看待 regard...as...把……看作…… I have very high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我非常尊重他和他所取得的成就。 It is impolite that she has no regard for other people's feelings. 她无视别人的感受，这是不礼貌的。 Give my regards to your brother（=Give your brother my regards） when you see him. 看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。 Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts. 把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。 归纳拓展相关词语积累： ［近义］regarding prep. 关于，至于 in/with regard to sth. 关于某事，至于某事 in this/that regard 在这/那方面，在这/那一点上 With/In regard to/Regarding our plan for future, all I can say is that we will work very hard. 关于我们未来的计划，我可以说的就是我们要十分努力地工作。 1.语法填空 1.I have great regard your ability to deal with these difficult problems. 2.Most people don't regard pronunciation a very important part of communication skills. 3.If you ever see George, give him my kind （regard）. 4.The government has declared its strong position （regard） the prevention of river pollution. 2.用regard的相关短语完成句子 1.Human life _______________ （被认为是） part of nature, and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 2.I will be more than happy to see improvements ______________ （在这一方面）. 12 appreciate 教材语境...an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法详解 （1）vt. 欣赏，赏识，重视 Maybe you can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.也许看翻译作品你不能真正欣赏外国文学原著的美妙之处。 （2）vt. 感激，感谢 appreciate （sb./sb.'s） doing... 感激（某人）做…… I would appreciate it（注意it不能省略 if...如果……,我将不胜感激。） I really appreciate you helping me with the heavy luggage.我真的很感谢你帮我搬这么重的行李。 I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice. 如果你能给我一点好的建议我会很感激的。 相关词语积累： appreciation n.［U］欣赏；感激；理解 in appreciation of/for...感谢…… The award is given in appreciation of/for her great contribution to the film industry. 这个奖项是为了感谢她对电影业做出的巨大贡献。 语法填空 1.Since you are familiar with both Chinese and Canadian cultures, I would appreciate if you could give me some advice. 2.I really appreciate you ________ （offer） to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to finish this task by myself. 3.I appreciate____________ （give） the opportunity to work in your company. 4.Tears of ____________（appreciate） welled up in her eyes as she thanked the driver for his help, but he just smiled warmly. 13 "of+抽象名词"结构 教材语境That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。 用法详解 "of+抽象名词"结构 含义 表示具有某种性质或特征 常见抽象名词 benefit、help、importance、interest、significance、use、value等 注意 该结构可转换为抽象名词的同根形容词 抽象名词前可以用any、great、little、much、no、some等修饰，表示程度 Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance（=very important）.帮助下一代拥有健康、积极的童年非常重要。 In fact, sports can be of great benefit （=very beneficial） to our health.事实上，运动对我们的健康很有益。 特别提醒"of+抽象名词"和其同根形容词的转换如下： be of significance=be significant有重大意义的 be of importance=be important重要的 be of value=be valuable宝贵的，很有用的 be of help=be helpful有帮助的 be of use = be useful有用的 be of benefit=be beneficial有益的 be of interest=be interesting有趣的 结合"of+抽象名词"的用法完成句子 1.你会发现这张地图对你周游上海大有帮助。 You'll find this map is ___________________ for you to travel around Shanghai. （help） 2.这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。 The discovery of the new drug is _________________________ to people who suffer from heart trouble. （importance） 3.总之，只要我们合理使用，许多旧书仍然有很大的价值。 All in all, a lot of second-hand books are still ____________________ as long as we put them into use wisely.（value） 14 "no matter+疑问词"引导让步状语从句 教材语境Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 句式剖析 该句是主从复合句。what前省略了no matter,"no matter where…speak"是连词no matter where和no matter what引导的让步状语从句。 用法详解 no matter 与what/who/when/where/how/which等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，表示"无论……，不管……"。此时"no matter+疑问词"与 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever等可以互换。 No matter what（=Whatever） you've decided to do, you must do it with great efforts.你不管决定做什么，都必须努力去做。 But no matter when（=whenever） you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. 但你无论什么时候旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。 No matter which（=Whichever） route you take, it takes almost the same amount of time.不管你走哪一条路，花的时间都差不多。 特别提醒 whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever还可以引导名词性从句，whenever还可引导时间状语从句，wherever还可引导地点状语从句，但此时不能与"no matter+疑问词"互换。 Whatever advice you give me. .（主语从句 ）will be of great help to me. 你给我的任何建议都会对我大有帮助。 I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it（宾语从句）. 谁想要这张票，我就把它给谁。 1.语法填空 1.No matter hard your situation is, you had better not lose heart. 2.Thanks to the Internet, we can make use of all kinds of resources to learn no matter we are. 3.No matter difficulties we meet, we should try to overcome them instead of running away from them. 2.完成句子 1.无论谁违反法律，都将受到惩罚。 ______________________________________, he will be punished. 2.无论你做什么，你如果热爱你所做的事，并足够重视它，就有可能成功。 ________________________________, you will succeed if you love what you're doing and pay enough attention to it. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.As is known to all, the tiger is the　　　　(象征) of bravery and power.  2.　　　　(尽管) so many difficulties in front of her, she didn't lose heart.  3.The compass(指南针) was widely used in sailing in the Song D　　　　.  4.N　　　　English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.  二.单句语法填空 1.This website is visited by 　　　　　(billion)of people every day.   2.Nowadays, we can find a　　　　　(vary) of information on the Internet.  3.Although he has suffered a lot, he has a positive attitude 　　　　　his future life.  4.Zhang Guimei regards her students 　　　　　her own children;she gives all her love to them.  5.She majored 　　　　　chemistry in college and made every effort to improve her grades.  6.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the 　　　　　(globe) black rhino(犀牛) population has dropped as low as 5,500. 7.To stay healthy, eating a proper amount of meat is 　　　　　great importance.  8.The Amazon rainforest 　　　　　(refer) to as the lung of the Earth.  9.　　　　　(base) on a true and moving story, the film affected the audience deeply.  10.The reason 　　　　　we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.  三.选词填空 refer to;ups and downs;date back to;play an important role in 　　The old temple in my hometown 1.　　　　　　 600 hundred years ago and went through 2.　　　　　　 in history. When people 3.　　　　　　 it, they think that it 4.　　　　　　 cultural activities—Every year, various activities are held in this temple.  四.完成句子 1.如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.  2.我们绝不能因噎废食。(means,倒装) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 give up eating for fear of choking.  3.无论什么时间,妈妈总是站在门口,望着远处,盼着我回家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, my mother always stands at the door, looking into the distance and expecting me to come home.  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, my mother always stands at the door, looking into the distance and expecting me to come home. 五.课文语法填空 China is 　1　(wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 　2　(factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.  Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 　3　 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.  By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols　4　(become) a well⁃developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 　5　(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.  Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 　6　 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.   Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with　7　(it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 　8　(write) by Chinese in ancient times.   As China plays a greater role in 　9　(globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 　10　 appreciate China's culture and history.  Reading for Writing ( 单词学习 ) 1.blog /blɒɡ/ n.［C］ 博客；网络日志 2.post /pəʊst/ n.［C］ 帖子 3.forum /ˈfɔ:rəm/ n.［C］ 论坛 4.problems with...……方面的问题 have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题 have problems （in） doing sth. 做某事有问题 5.used to do sth.（过去）常常做某事 辨析 be/get used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做）某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 6.get high marks in... 在……上得分高 7.have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难 8.catch vt. 熟词生义 听清楚，领会 9.compare A with B 把A与B相比 拓展 compare A to B 把A比作B 10.host /həʊst/ n.［C］ 节目主持人；主人；东道主 vt. 主办 派生词 hostess n.［C］ 女主持人；女主人 11.headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n.［C］ 令人头痛的人（或事物），麻烦；头痛 12.a close friend 亲密的朋友 13.request /rɪˈkwest/ n. ［C］& vt.要求，请求 14.relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n.［C］（人、团体、国家之间的） 关系，联系 15.equal /ˈi:kwəl/ n.［C］ 同等的人，相等物 16.bridge the gap （between A and B） 消除（A和B之间的）隔阂 bridge 熟词生义 vt. 弥合（差异），消除（分歧） gap /ɡæp/ n. ［C］间隔；开口；差距 17.demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.［C］ 要求 18.vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/ n.［C，U］ 词汇 19.properly /ˈprɒpəli/ adv.正确地，适当地；恰当地 派生词 proper（adj.正确的，恰当的）+-ly（副词后缀）→properly （adv.） ( 课文解析 ) 学习英语 登录 注册 王乐 嗨，大家好，你们在英语学习中遇到的最大问题是什么呢？ 刘文 嗨！我从小学开始就一直在学英语。我以前英语常常拿高分，但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 贾鑫 听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述我所听到的内容来帮我自己培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。只说"打开窗户！"容易得多，但在英语里那可能听起来很令人不快。我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说"请打开窗户！"，还是说"请你打开窗户，好吗？"，还是说甚至更长的"请问,您介意打开窗户吗？" 李锐 是的，那真的很难！我觉得一切都取决于你在跟谁说话。如果在和亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如"开下窗户"——我们关系密切，彼此平等， 因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。但如果是在和与自己不太亲密的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得更长些——而且我必须以问问题的形说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。如果是在和比我年长的人说话，那么我就应该说"请问，您介意开下窗户吗？"。对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法一连把所有的生词都记在脑子里，也肯定 1 have trouble with 教材语境...but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. ……但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。 用法详解 have trouble with 是固定搭配，此处的trouble是不可数名词，意为"问题，困难"，其前可以用great、some、much、no等修饰。 have trouble with sb.与某人闹矛盾 have trouble with sth.在某方面有困难 Do you have any trouble with your roommates in daily life?在日常生活中你跟室友闹矛盾吗？ If you have trouble with a lesson，repeat it the next day.如果你在学某一课的时候有困难，第二天再学一次。 相关表达归纳: 在试题中有时会把"have trouble doing sth./difficulty （in） doing sth."结构中的trouble/difficulty提前作为先行词，其后跟一个省略关系词的定语从句，让同学们选择定语从句中非谓语动词的形式。其实这类题考查的还是该结构本身，但因加入了定语从句，句子结构变得复杂，从而加大了试题的难度。如： The project results from the difficulties. .many schools have in getting artists of any（省略了关系代词的定语从句，关系代词指代the difficulties，在定语从句中作have的宾语，构成have difficulties （in） doing sth.短语。）. .sort...into schools to work with and inspire children. 该项目源于许多学校在让各类艺术家进校辅导激励孩子时所遇到的困难…… 1.When the members in your club have trouble ________（solve） problems, you should communicate with them and find out the causes of the problems.（应用文写作之人际关系） 2.Some students have trouble ______ English grammar while others have difficulty _____________ （remember） new words. 3.By then, Steve was having a hard time_____________（remember） the names of some of his friends. 4.John is talking about the difficulty he had _________（learn） to write Chinese characters at first. 2 equal 教材语境... our relationship is close and we're equals...……我们关系密切，彼此平等…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 相等物，同等的人 The film has no equal in cinema history. 那部电影在电影史上无与伦比。 It is widely believed that the young reporter. .is the equal of many experienced journalists.人们普遍认为，这位年轻记者与许多有经验的记者不相上下。 （2）adj. （地位、权利等）平等的，同等的；（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，相等的；（能力、勇气等）相当的，能胜任的 be equal to sth.等于……；能应付/胜任…… be equal in.../be of equal... 在某方面平等/相同 They believe that all work is equal in value/of equal value.他们认为所有的工作都具有同等价值。 Not all men are equal in ability.不是所有人都能力相当。 Mary would be equal to the task of running a large department. 玛丽能胜任管理一个大部门的工作。 （3）linking verb 等于，（大小、数量、价值等）与……相等;vt.比得上 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B Four plus six equals ten. 四加六等于十。 No one can equal him in. . chess.在国际象棋界，没人比得过他。 相关词语积累： 1.All people are ______ before the law, so everyone should be treated ________. （equal） 2.One box may look bigger than the other, but in fact they are almost equal volume（容量）. 3.It is only at two points in the year that the night and the day are equal length, which are on the Spring Equinox（春分） and Autumn Equinox. 3 demand 教材语境 ... and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., "Could you open the window, please?"……而且我必须以问问题的形式说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］（坚决的） 要求，所需之物；［U，C］（顾客的）需求，需要 a/the demand for...对……的需求/要求 in demand有需求的,受欢迎的 meet/satisfy one's demands （for...）满足某人（对……）的需求/要求 demand+that从句 ……的要求（that引导同位语从句,从句谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略） There's an increasing demand for learning Chinese these years.近年来学习中文的需求日益增大。 You should buy this bicycle while there are some left； it is in great demand. 趁着还有，你应该买下这辆自行车，它是紧俏商品。 It is said that such a Chinese training course will satisfy your demands. 据说像这样的中文培训课程将会满足你的要求。 The teacher made the demand that all students （should） leave the classroom immediately when the earthquake broke out.地震发生时，老师要求所有的学生立刻离开教室。 （2） vt. 强烈要求；需要 demand sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand+that从句/It is demanded that... 要求……（从句谓语用"should+动词原形", should可以省略） Learning a language demands both time and patience.学习一门语言既需要时间也需要耐心。 Customers demand a reasonable explanation of us for the mistake.顾客要求我们对这个错误作出合理的解释。 The reporter demanded to see the headmaster.那个记者要求见校长。 The company my sister applied to demands that all its employees （should） speak at least two foreign languages.我姐姐申请的那家公司要求所有的员工讲至少两门外语。 1.The teacher demanded that the students _________________（finish） the examination paper within one and a half hours. 2.She demanded ___________ （tell） everything about the accident because she was concerned about it. 3.The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are great demand in this city. 4.With China's development and prosperity（繁荣）, the demand putonghua lessons is on the increase. 5.Like running, race walking is physically ___________（demand）, she says. 4 relate to 教材语境Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨大意有关吗? 用法详解 relate to 与……相关，涉及，谈到 The research relates to the effects of the Internet on teenagers.这项研究涉及互联网对青少年的影响。 Education has always been a hot topic among parents as it relates to the future of their children. 教育一直是父母们的热门话题，因为它关系到孩子的未来。 相关词语积累： In Chinese culture, each year is related to an animal.在中国文化中，每一年与一种动物有关。 In the English class, our teacher requested us to relate our holiday experiences to the whole class. 在英语课上，老师要求我们向全班同学讲述我们的假期经历。 1.语法填空 1.I do not understand how the different parts of the machine relate each other. 2.The view is put forward especially in （relate） to grammar and vocabulary. 2.完成句子 大学应该提供与未来职业相关的知识和技能。 Universities should provide knowledge and skills future careers. 5 have sb. do sth. 教材语境Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not?你不喜欢让人告诉你这条裤子好看或不好看吗? 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 have sb. do sth.表示"让某人做某事"，have在此为使役动词，sb.与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。该结构相当于let/make sb. do sth.以及get sb. to do sth.。 Our teacher has us take turns to clean the classroom every day.老师让我们每天轮流打扫教室。 We should have our own point of view, and shouldn't always have others tell us what is right.我们应该有自己的观点，而不应该总是让别人告诉我们什么是对的。 相关知识积累： have sb./sth. doing sth.意为"让……一直做某事"，强调动作一直在持续，sb./sth.与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。相当于keep/leave sb./sth. doing sth.。 I'm sorry to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。 Don't have the light burning like that. 不要让灯一直那样亮着。 1.语法填空 1.—Can I have the document right now? —Of course．Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary （print） it for you. 2.Some people often forget to turn off the tap（水龙头） after using it and have water _________（run） all the time. 2.单句写作 如果你碰巧遇见他，请让他给我打个电话。___________________________________________________ 6 "感官动词（词组）+宾语+doing"结构 教材语境When I listen to native English speakers talking. .in a video, I can catch only a few words.我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 "感官动词（词组）+宾语+doing"属于"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构的一种，doing表示正在进行的主动动作。常见的感官动词（词组）有：feel、hear、 listen to、notice、see、watch等。 The father sits in the theatre and watches his daughter performing（performing表示正在进行的主动动作） proudly.那位父亲坐在剧院里，骄傲地看他女儿表演。 相关知识积累： 在"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构中，宾补除了doing以外，还有do和done两种形式。以感官动词see为例： see+宾语+do看见……做了 （表示主动,且指动作发生的全过程） see+宾语+done 看见……被做（表示被动,且动作已完成） Did you notice a girl in red enter the building？你注意到一位穿红色衣服的女孩走进楼里面了吗？ When I got home, I saw the window broken.我到家时,看到窗户被打破了。 在"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构中，主动语态中作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但在被动语态中to 要还原。 She is often heard to sing songs. 经常有人听到她唱歌。 语法填空 1.Yesterday, Jack and I were walking down the street when we saw an old man （fall） off his bike. 2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products __________ （develop） after great effort. 3.The head teacher sat on the bench, watching the kids ________（play） football on the playground. 4.The teacher was noticed _________（leave）the teaching building after class. 7 "疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构 教材语境①My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。 ②I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say...我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说…… 用法详解 （1）疑问词包括：疑问代词who、 whom、 what（无选择范围）、 which（有选择范围） 和疑问副词when、 where、 how （2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语和同位语 （3）作主语时谓语动词的数：常用单数形式 How to make a cake（作主语） is what we're going to learn today.今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。 He hasn't decided. .whether to go or stay（作宾语）.他还没有决定去留。 I didn't know whom to ask for help（作宾语） when I was abroad for the first time.我第一次出国的时候，不知道向谁寻求帮助。 This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf（作表语）. 这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。 I have no idea when to tell her the bad news（作同位语） . 我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。 1.语法填空 I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how___________（improve） our English. 2.用"疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构完成句子 1.我们花了很长时间来决定去哪里，但我认为我们计划了一次非常有趣的旅行。 It took us a long time ______________________, but I think we have planned a very interesting trip. 2.这似乎是一段永无止境的旅程，但即使作为一个六岁的小女孩，我也意识到，懂得如何阅读可以打开许多扇门。 It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that _____________________ could open many doors. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.It shocked me that this policy bridged the 　　　　(差距) between us.  2.He gave us a few specific examples to help us deal with current 　　　　(事件).  3.An effective way to increase your v　　　　 is to read more English newspapers.  二.一词多义 1.For further information, please refer to the relevant books. 词义:　　　  2.They would never refer to that matter again, because that would only make them very sad. 词义:　　　  3.The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River refer to the Qutang Gorge, the Wu Gorge, and the Xiling Gorge. 词义:　　　  三.单句语法填空 1.Men and women must be treated 　　　　　(equal) in education and employment.  2.Think of another topic that is 　　　　　(relate) to animals and hold a debate.  3.The scenery of the valley is so beautiful that it is almost beyond　　　　　(describe).  4.There is a china bowl 　　　　　(date) back to the Song Dynasty in this museum.  5.He used　　　　　(live) in a large city, but now he has got used to 　　　　　(live) in the quiet village.  6.She 　　　　　(study)very hard in an effort to catch up with her classmates since last year.   7.I still remember that afternoon 　　　　　I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.  四.选词填空 have trouble with; relate to; take on; depend on 　　When people 1.　　　　　　 the independence of young people, they think some young people 2.　　　　　　their parents too much. So they may 3.　　　　　　 the adaptation(适应) to a new environment after they leave their parents.Therefore, young people should make efforts to learn to be independent and 4.　　　　　　 challenges.  五.完成句子 1.因此,我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观美术馆,我确信我能胜任这项工作。(equal) So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the art gallery and I am sure that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.考试前老师要求作文只能单面书写。(虚拟语气) The teacher demanded that the composition 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　only on one side before the exam.  3.我们很幸运地从一些著名运动员那里得到了关于如何提高我们的技能和强健我们的身体的建议。(疑问词+不定式) We've been fortunate to have got advice from some famous athletes on 　　　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and build up our bodies.  4.他花20万元买的那套房子现在值35万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句;pay) The house　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.  六.课文语法填空 Many people find it difficult 　1　(learn) English. Several Chinese students 　2　 learn English are discussing their biggest problems on an online forum. Liu Wen used to learn English well, 　3　 now he has a lot of trouble with his listening. When listening to native English speakers talking in a video, he can catch only a few 　4　(word) and he can't get the main idea. Jia Xin thinks 　5　(listen) to English radio programmes can help her get used to how fast native speakers talk. She also repeats what she hears. Sometimes she even records her voice and compares her pronunciation 　6　 the radio host's. Her biggest problem is how to be polite in English. Li Rui has 　7　(she) own opinion about Jia Xin's problem. She thinks the way she speaks depends on who she is speaking to. If she speaks to 　8　 stranger, she must make her sentence 　9　 (long) than to a friend. The biggest problem Li Rui is faced with is vocabulary. She can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in her head and she can't remember how to use them 　10　(proper), either.  七.语法填空 When I was in France, I 　1　(try) to practise my language skills. However, my 　2　(break) French was so poor that sometimes I couldn't make myself understood in a conversation, so it ended 　3　 a complete communication breakdown. I did my best to pronounce words clearly but of course I was not a native 　4　(speak) or anywhere speaker approaching that level, so people often misunderstood me.  The other day, I met someone from another part of the country 　5　 had such a strong accent that at times I found it virtually incomprehensible. 　6　was hard to believe that we shared the same language, to be honest. And it wasn't just the accent—as 　7　 matter of fact, he was speaking a different dialect and using slang(俚语), 　8　 (make) it difficult for me to follow him. We had to get someone 　9　(translate) for us.  When you travel, there's sometimes a language barrier that makes communication difficult. But I've found that body language, while not 　10　(exact) the same around the world, is sufficiently universal(广泛适用的), which means that we can “talk” to other people. Gestures and facial expressions allow us to show people that we don't understand, that we want a particular thing, or whatever.  $$ Unit5 Languages Around the World课文篇 Reading and Thinking ( 单词学习 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Chinese writing system 汉字书写体系 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n.［C］体系；制度；系统 2.connect...and/to/with... 连接……和…… 3.all the way through 一直, 自始至终 4.despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管（=in spite of） 5.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 6.the main factor主要因素 factor /ˈfæktə（r）/ n.［C］因素；要素 7.a picture-based language基于图形的语言 base /beɪs/ vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n.［C］底部；根据 8.date back （to） 追溯到 9.bone /bəʊn/ n.［C］骨头 10.shell /ʃel/ n.［C，U］ 壳；［C］壳状物 11.symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.［C］符号；象征 12.carve /kɑ:v/ vt. & vi.雕刻 13.the Shang Dynasty商朝 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.［C］ 王朝；朝代 14.well-developed adj. 完善的；发展良好的 15.over the years 多年以来；这些年来 16.geographically /ˌdʒi:əˈgræfɪkli/ adv. 在地理上地 17.varieties of（=a variety of = various）多种多样的 variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n.［C］ （植物、语言等的）变体 18.dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］ 地方话,方言 19.character /ˈkærəktə（r）/ n.［C］文字,符号 20.emperor /ˈempərə（r）/ n.［C］皇帝 21.unite /juˈnaɪt/ vt.& vi. 统一；vi.联合，团结 22.major /ˈmeɪdʒə（r）/ adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 23.in one direction 朝着一个方向 24.be of great importance（=be very important）非常重要 25.dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］地方话；方言 26.means /mi:nz/ n.［C］ 方式；方法；途径（pl.. .means） by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法 27.classic works 经典作品 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.［C］ 经典作品；名著 28.high regard for... 对……十分尊敬/非常重视 regard /rɪˈɡɑ:d/ n.［U］ 尊重；关注 29.Chinese calligraphy中国书法 calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n.［U］ 书法；书法艺术 30.play a（n） ... role in... 在……中扮演……角色 （role可换为part） 31.global affairs 全球事务 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 affair /əˈfeə（r）/ n.［pl.］ 公共事务；［C,usually sing.］事件 32.appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视 33.amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的；令人惊喜的 拓展 amazed adj. 大为惊奇的 ( 课文解析 ) 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。龙骨指动物骨头和壳，古代中国人在上面刻画简单的符号。一些古代符号在今天的汉字中仍可看到。 到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 1.contributes to2.history3.unified4.Chinese calligraphy ( 知识解析 ) 1 native 教材语境Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.听一篇演讲，在母语使用人数最多的两种语言前打钩。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 native adj.本地的；出生地的；原产于某地 的，土产的 native land/country/language故乡/祖国/母语 be native to...原产于…… n.［C］出生于某国（或某地）的人； 本地人；本地的动物（或植物） a native of... ……本地人；原产 于……的动物（或植物） Watching English movies helps me get used to how fast people who speak English as their native language talk. 看英文电影帮助我习惯了以英语为母语的人说话的速度。 The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world，which is native to China. 大熊猫受到全世界人的喜爱, 它原产于中国。 Li Ming is quite familiar with the city because he is a native （of it）. 李明对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是当地人。 The kangaroo is a native of Australia, which can jump very high.袋鼠是原产于澳大利亚的动物,它可以跳得非常高。 1.As you know, I am not a native Beijing. I moved to the city a decade ago. 2.The blueberry is believed to be one of the few fruits native North America. 3.I made friends with the ________（native）, and their reaction（反应） amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists. 1.of 2.to 3.natives 2 refer to 教材语境What do the italicised words refer to in the sentences?句子中的斜体词指的是什么? 用法详解 短语 含义/搭配 英文助解 refer to 描述，与……相关，涉及 to describe or be connected to sb./sth. 谈及，提到，说起refer  to...as...将……称为…… to mention or speak about sb./sth. 查阅，参考，征询 to look at sth.or ask sb.for information This paragraph refers to the events of last year Lisa experienced. 这一段说的是莉萨去年经历的事。 The term "Arts" usually refers to humanities and social sciences. "Arts"一词通常指人文和社会科学。 She referred to the subject several times during her speech. 在演讲中她好几次提到这个话题。 People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。 The custom may date back to the Tang Dynasty；for detailed information， refer to the book.这种风俗可能追溯到唐朝，想要知道更详细的信息，查阅这本书。 辨析比较 短语 含义 所接内容 refer to 查阅 所查的工具书或资料（如词典、笔记、参考书等） look up 需要查找的对象（如word、phrase等） 相关词语积累： I am writing with reference to your question on how to learn Chinese well. 我给你写信是要谈谈你提出的有关如何学好中文的问题。 1.The Chinese couplets（对联） refer two poetic lines obeying certain rules, often written on red paper. 2.At one time, people referred to Shanghai the "Paris of the East". 1.to 2.as 结合refer to和look up的用法完成句子 1.由于太过紧张，玛丽在演讲时一直翻看笔记。 Mary was so nervous that she kept _____________________ during her speech. 2.我经常在词典上或在网上查我不认识的单词。 I often___________________ I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet. 1.referring to her notes 2.look up the words 3 despite 教材语境China is widely known for..., despite the many ups and downs in its history.尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因……而闻名于世。 用法详解 despite 是介词，意为"即使，尽管"，相当于in spite of。 despite doing sth.尽管做了某事 despite the fact that...尽管发生了某事 Despite the challenges, our team take an optimistic attitude to our work.尽管面临挑战，我们的团队仍对工作持乐观态度。 Despite having failed several times, I refused to give up. 尽管已经失败了好几次，我也不愿放弃。 Tina was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring. 蒂娜尽管认为物理枯燥无味，却学得很好。 1.Despite _______（face） challenges from modern entertainment（娱乐） forms, Huangmei Opera with a long history is still alive and loved. 2.尽管存在各种问题，有几个队员还是表现得很出色。 __________________________________, several of the players produced excellent performances. 1.facing 2.In spite of/Despite all the problems 4 base 教材语境At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。 用法详解 （1）vt.以……为基础 base…on…（常用被动语态：be based on ）……以……为基础（或根据） We should base our English learning on real-life situations. 我们应该把英语学习建立在真实情景的基础上。 This news report is based entirely on facts. 这篇新闻报道完全以事实为基础。 I'm going to write a book based on my own experience. 我打算根据我自己的经历写一本书。 （2）n.［C］根据； ［C，usually sing.］根基；基础； ［C,U］ 基地 The director used a true love story as the base for this film. 这位导演以一个真实的爱情故事作为这部电影的素材。 Finally, they returned to the base, safe and sound.最后他们安然无恙地回到了基地。 相关词语积累： 1.用base的适当形式填空 ①_______ on many years of careful observation, his theory was widely accepted by other scientists in the field. ②________ his views on the problems students had had in learning English, he lectured on the best methods of learning foreign languages. 1.Based 2.Basing 5&6 date back （to），symbol 教材语境 It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期。龙骨指动物骨头和壳，古代中国人在上面刻画简单的符号。 date back （to） 用法详解 短语 含义 用法 时态&语态 date back 已存在，追溯 到……以前 后接一个时间长度（have existed for the length of time mentioned） 在句中作谓语时，常用 于一般现在时，无被动 语态 date back to （=date from） 追溯到，始于 后接一个过去的具体时间 （have existed since a particular time in the past） The skills of cooking in China can date back thousands of years.中国的烹饪技艺可以追溯到几千年前。 It is said that cleaning houses before the Spring Festival is an old custom dating back to Yao and Shun period（动词-ing短语作后置定语）. 据说春节前打扫房子这个古老的习俗可以追溯到尧舜时代。（应用文写作之传统习俗） 高考常考查date back （to）/date from的非谓语形式，即dating back （to）/dating from，其在句中多作状语或定语。 back to the 18th century, Peking Opera（京剧） has over twohundred years of history. A.Dating B.Being dated C.To date D.To be dated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。date back to无被动语态；句中已有谓语动词has，且无连词，故可知此处要用非谓语动词，此处是动词-ing形式作状语。故选A。 与date相关的其他短语： Call me next week and we'll try to fix a date for the next meeting. 下周打电话给我，我们争取为下次会议定个时间。 1.Mo Li Hua is a popular Chinese song which dates back ___ the 19th century. 2.In the past few years, Mr Smith has collected lots of ancient coins _______（date） from the Ming Dynasty. 1.to 2.dating 用date的相关短语完成句子 1.The art of paper cutting in China may _______________________（追溯到） the sixth century. 2.The lake, which ___________ （追溯到……以前） about 3.4 billion years, covers an area of about 80 square miles and is up to 1,500 feet deep. 3._________（到目前为止）, Yang's team has trained hundreds of local farmers, which will allow them to keep up with the advances in modern agriculture. 1.date back to/date from 2.dates back 3.To date Symbol 用法详解 symbol n.［C］象征；记号，符号 a/the symbol of… ……的象征 Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. 人类在思考、交谈、阅读和写作时也会使用符号。（链高考|2023·浙江1月） Almost in the whole world, the dove is considered as the symbol of peace.几乎全世界都把鸽子看作是和平的象征。 相关词语积累： symbolize vt.象征，代表 symbolic adj.象征性的 a meeting of symbolic importance 具有重要象征意义的一次会议 语法填空 1.Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol ___ good fortune and wealth. 2.Chinese paper cutting is rich in content and its designs usually __________（symbol） good luck. 1.of 2.symbolize 7&8 variety，character 教材语境…as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ……这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。 variety 用法 （1）n. ［C］（植物、语言等的）变体，异体；［sing.］（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 the variety of... ……的不同种类/多种式样 a （wide） variety of/varieties of...各种各样的…… I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.所供应的菜肴之丰盛让我心动。 The article was about the different varieties of English spoken all over the world.这篇文章是关于世界各地所说的各类英语。 （2）n.［U］变化，多样化，多变性 When preparing meals, we need to think about variety and taste as well as nutritional value.准备饭菜时，我们需要考虑（菜品的）多样性、口味以及营养价值。 相关词语积累： 1.Libraries will often hold reading-group activities targeted（针对） at ________（vary） age groups. 2._________（vary） of solutions ______（have） been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose one to start with. 1.various 2.Varieties,have character 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 文字，符号；角色，人物 Chinese characters 汉字 I have learnt some Chinese characters in Mr Li's class and practice writing them every day.我已经从李老师的课上学到了一些汉字，并每天练习书写。 Scar is a cruel and dangerous character in The Lion King.刀疤在《狮子王》中是一个残酷且危险的角色。（应用文写作之电影介绍） （2）n. ［C, usually sing.］品质，性格，特点;［C,usually sing.,U］特征，特色 A man's actions show his character.行为可显示一个人的品性。 The two towns are similar in size but very different in character. 这两个城镇大小差不多，但特色却大不相同。 9 major 教材语境Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country... 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 major adj.主要的，重要的，大的（常作前置定语） / n.［C］主修课程；专业课 / vi.主修 major in...主修…… His daring attitude toward risks is a major part of his character.敢于冒险是他性格一个主要特征。 No matter what your major is, you should make every effort to learn it well.不管你的专业是什么，你都应该尽一切努力学好它。 John majored in finance at university and is now working in a bank.约翰在大学时主修金融，现在他在一家银行工作。 相关词语积累： 1.She majored English at Shanghai International Studies University. 2.Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. However, majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 1.in 2.the 10 means 教材语境Written Chinese has also become an important means... 汉字也成为……一个重要媒介。 用法详解 means n.［C］方式，方法,途径 a means of （doing） sth. 做某事的方法 by this means通过这种方式 by means of... 借助……手段,依靠……方法 by no means决不,一点儿也不（置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装） by all means当然可以,没问题（常用作交际用语） For most people in the city, the bus is their main means of transport. 对这个城市的大多数人来说，公共汽车是他们的主要交通工具。 We can make great progress in our English study by this means.我们可以通过这种方式在英语学习中取得很大的进步。 Thoughts are expressed by means of words.思想借助言语来表达。/言为心声。 By no means will Jane 部分倒装 agree to go hiking this weekend. She has too much work to do.简决不会同意这周末去远足。她有太多工作要做。 —Paul, can I use your new computer?保罗,我能用一下你的新电脑吗?—By all means! 当然可以！ 特别提醒 means单复数同形，单复数同形的名词还有deer（鹿），sheep（绵羊）， species（物种）等。means 作主语，由 every, each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式； 由all, several， many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。 All possible means have been tried，but not every means works.所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但并不是每一种方法都奏效。 归纳拓展 "用这种方法"的表达还有：in this way with this method in this manner 1.As we all know, body language is an important means communication in each culture. 2.My experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face, and only this way can we make progress. 3.Punishment is no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically（身心）. 1.of 2.in 3.by 用means的相关短语完成句子 1.—Can you tell me something about Zhang Zhongjing? —______________. He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. 2._____________ WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday communication. 1.By all means 2.By means of 11 regard 教材语境The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form， known as Chinese calligraphy...中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 regard n. ［U］尊重，尊敬；注意，关注 have high regard for... 对……十分尊重/非常重视 n. ［pl.］问候 give...one's regards=give one's regards to...代某人向……问好 vt.将……认为，把……视为，看待 regard...as...把……看作…… I have very high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我非常尊重他和他所取得的成就。 It is impolite that she has no regard for other people's feelings. 她无视别人的感受，这是不礼貌的。 Give my regards to your brother（=Give your brother my regards） when you see him. 看到你哥哥时，代我向他问好。 Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts. 把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。 归纳拓展相关词语积累： ［近义］regarding prep. 关于，至于 in/with regard to sth. 关于某事，至于某事 in this/that regard 在这/那方面，在这/那一点上 With/In regard to/Regarding our plan for future, all I can say is that we will work very hard. 关于我们未来的计划，我可以说的就是我们要十分努力地工作。 1.语法填空 1.I have great regard your ability to deal with these difficult problems. 2.Most people don't regard pronunciation a very important part of communication skills. 3.If you ever see George, give him my kind （regard）. 4.The government has declared its strong position （regard） the prevention of river pollution. 1.for 2.as 3.regards 4.regarding 2.用regard的相关短语完成句子 1.Human life _______________ （被认为是） part of nature, and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 2.I will be more than happy to see improvements ______________ （在这一方面）. 1.is regarded as 2.in this regard 12 appreciate 教材语境...an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language. ……越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 用法详解 （1）vt. 欣赏，赏识，重视 Maybe you can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.也许看翻译作品你不能真正欣赏外国文学原著的美妙之处。 （2）vt. 感激，感谢 appreciate （sb./sb.'s） doing... 感激（某人）做…… I would appreciate it（注意it不能省略 if...如果……,我将不胜感激。） I really appreciate you helping me with the heavy luggage.我真的很感谢你帮我搬这么重的行李。 I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice. 如果你能给我一点好的建议我会很感激的。 相关词语积累： appreciation n.［U］欣赏；感激；理解 in appreciation of/for...感谢…… The award is given in appreciation of/for her great contribution to the film industry. 这个奖项是为了感谢她对电影业做出的巨大贡献。 语法填空 1.Since you are familiar with both Chinese and Canadian cultures, I would appreciate if you could give me some advice. 2.I really appreciate you ________ （offer） to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to finish this task by myself. 3.I appreciate____________ （give） the opportunity to work in your company. 4.Tears of ____________（appreciate） welled up in her eyes as she thanked the driver for his help, but he just smiled warmly. 1.it 2.offering 3.being given 4.appreciation 13 "of+抽象名词"结构 教材语境That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。 用法详解 "of+抽象名词"结构 含义 表示具有某种性质或特征 常见抽象名词 benefit、help、importance、interest、significance、use、value等 注意 该结构可转换为抽象名词的同根形容词 抽象名词前可以用any、great、little、much、no、some等修饰，表示程度 Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance（=very important）.帮助下一代拥有健康、积极的童年非常重要。 In fact, sports can be of great benefit （=very beneficial） to our health.事实上，运动对我们的健康很有益。 特别提醒"of+抽象名词"和其同根形容词的转换如下： be of significance=be significant有重大意义的 be of importance=be important重要的 be of value=be valuable宝贵的，很有用的 be of help=be helpful有帮助的 be of use = be useful有用的 be of benefit=be beneficial有益的 be of interest=be interesting有趣的 结合"of+抽象名词"的用法完成句子 1.你会发现这张地图对你周游上海大有帮助。 You'll find this map is ___________________ for you to travel around Shanghai. （help） 2.这种新药物的发现对心脏病患者来说非常重要。 The discovery of the new drug is _________________________ to people who suffer from heart trouble. （importance） 3.总之，只要我们合理使用，许多旧书仍然有很大的价值。 All in all, a lot of second-hand books are still ____________________ as long as we put them into use wisely.（value） 1.of great/much help 2.of great/much importance 3.of great/much value 14 "no matter+疑问词"引导让步状语从句 教材语境Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 句式剖析 该句是主从复合句。what前省略了no matter,"no matter where…speak"是连词no matter where和no matter what引导的让步状语从句。 用法详解 no matter 与what/who/when/where/how/which等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，表示"无论……，不管……"。此时"no matter+疑问词"与 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever等可以互换。 No matter what（=Whatever） you've decided to do, you must do it with great efforts.你不管决定做什么，都必须努力去做。 But no matter when（=whenever） you travel, it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. 但你无论什么时候旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。 No matter which（=Whichever） route you take, it takes almost the same amount of time.不管你走哪一条路，花的时间都差不多。 特别提醒 whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever还可以引导名词性从句，whenever还可引导时间状语从句，wherever还可引导地点状语从句，但此时不能与"no matter+疑问词"互换。 Whatever advice you give me. .（主语从句 ）will be of great help to me. 你给我的任何建议都会对我大有帮助。 I'll give the ticket to whoever wants it（宾语从句）. 谁想要这张票，我就把它给谁。 1.语法填空 1.No matter hard your situation is, you had better not lose heart. 2.Thanks to the Internet, we can make use of all kinds of resources to learn no matter we are. 3.No matter difficulties we meet, we should try to overcome them instead of running away from them. 1.how 2.where 3.what 2.完成句子 1.无论谁违反法律，都将受到惩罚。 ______________________________________, he will be punished. 2.无论你做什么，你如果热爱你所做的事，并足够重视它，就有可能成功。 ________________________________, you will succeed if you love what you're doing and pay enough attention to it. 1.Whoever/No matter who breaks the law 2.Whatever/No matter what you do ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.As is known to all, the tiger is the　　　　(象征) of bravery and power.  2.　　　　(尽管) so many difficulties in front of her, she didn't lose heart.  3.The compass(指南针) was widely used in sailing in the Song D　　　　.  4.N　　　　English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.  1.symbol　2.Despite　3.Dynasty　4.Native 二.单句语法填空 1.This website is visited by 　　　　　(billion)of people every day.   2.Nowadays, we can find a　　　　　(vary) of information on the Internet.  3.Although he has suffered a lot, he has a positive attitude 　　　　　his future life.  4.Zhang Guimei regards her students 　　　　　her own children;she gives all her love to them.  5.She majored 　　　　　chemistry in college and made every effort to improve her grades.  6.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the 　　　　　(globe) black rhino(犀牛) population has dropped as low as 5,500. 7.To stay healthy, eating a proper amount of meat is 　　　　　great importance.  8.The Amazon rainforest 　　　　　(refer) to as the lung of the Earth.  9.　　　　　(base) on a true and moving story, the film affected the audience deeply.  10.The reason 　　　　　we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.  1.billions　考查数词的用法。句意:每天有数十亿人浏览这个网站。billions of表示“数十亿”。故填billions。 2.variety　考查名词。句意:如今,我们在互联网上能够发现各种各样的信息。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 3.to/towards　考查介词。句意:虽然他吃了很多苦,但他对未来的生活持积极的态度。attitude to/towards...意为“对……的态度”。故填to或towards。 4.as　考查介词。句意:张桂梅把学生视为她自己的孩子,她把自己所有的爱都给她们。regard...as...意为“把……视为……”。故填as。 5.in　考查介词。句意:在大学时,她主修化学,并尽一切努力提高自己的成绩。major in...意为“主修……(专业)”。故填in。 6.global　考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词短语black rhino population,应用形容词。故填global。句意:根据世界自然基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛的数量已经下降到5,500头。 7.of　考查介词。句意:为了保持健康,吃适量的肉很重要。be of importance=be important,故填of。 8.is referred　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:亚马孙雨林被称为地球之肺。此处陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时,且The Amazon rainforest(第三人称单数)和refer to之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is referred。 9.Based　考查形容词短语作状语。句意:这部电影以一个真实感人的故事为基础,深深地打动了观众。be based on...意为“以……为基础”,此处应用形容词短语作状语。故填Based,注意首字母大写。 10.why　考查定语从句。句意:我们必须种树的原因是它们可以给我们提供新鲜的空气。句子为“主系表”结构(The reason...is...),设空处无提示词,前面是The reason,空格到系动词之间的内容意思完整,可推测设空处引导定语从句,先行词是The reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 三.选词填空 refer to;ups and downs;date back to;play an important role in 　　The old temple in my hometown 1.　　　　　　 600 hundred years ago and went through 2.　　　　　　 in history. When people 3.　　　　　　 it, they think that it 4.　　　　　　 cultural activities—Every year, various activities are held in this temple.  1.dates back to　2.ups and downs　3.refer to4.plays an important role in 四.完成句子 1.如果你能给我一些关于如何提高我的英语口语的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.  2.我们绝不能因噎废食。(means,倒装) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 give up eating for fear of choking.  3.无论什么时间,妈妈总是站在门口,望着远处,盼着我回家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, my mother always stands at the door, looking into the distance and expecting me to come home.  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, my mother always stands at the door, looking into the distance and expecting me to come home. 1.I would appreciate it if　2.By no means can we3.①No matter what the time is/No matter what time it is ②Whatever the time is/Whatever time it is 五.课文语法填空 China is 　1　(wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 　2　(factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.  Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 　3　 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.  By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols　4　(become) a well⁃developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 　5　(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.  Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 　6　 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.   Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with　7　(it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 　8　(write) by Chinese in ancient times.   As China plays a greater role in 　9　(globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 　10　 appreciate China's culture and history.  1.widely　考查副词。be widely known for...因……而广为人知。句意:中国因其古老的文明而广为人知,这种古老的文明一直延续到现在。 2.factors　考查名词的数。one of后接可数名词复数。故填factors。句意:这其中的一个主要因素就是汉语书写体系。 3.on　考查介词。be based on...以……为基础,故填介词on。 4.had become　考查动词的时态。由时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知,此处指在过去某一时间之前完成的动作,故用过去完成时。句意:到了商朝,这些符号已经成为一套成熟的书写体系。 5.leading　考查现在分词。分析句子结构,设空处前面的主句和从句已有谓语动词,且设空处前面只有逗号,没有连词,故推测设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处前面表示“由于人们生活在不同的地方”,后面表示“产生了许多种方言和文字”,所以设空处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。 6.an　考查冠词。play an important part in...在……中起重要的作用。important的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。句意:这一书写体系对中国人民与中华文化的统一起到了重要作用。 7.its　考查代词。这里指“中国的现在和它的过去被连接起来”,应用形容词性物主代词its。 8.written　考查过去分词。这里指“由古代中国人写的经典作品”,设空处作后置定语修饰名词短语the classic works,且the classic works与write之间为被动关系,故填过去分词written。 9.global　考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰复数名词affairs,故填形容词global,global affairs表示“全球事务”。 10.and　考查连词。这里指“越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语并欣赏中国的文化和历史”,故填连词and。 Reading for Writing ( 单词学习 ) 1.blog /blɒɡ/ n.［C］ 博客；网络日志 2.post /pəʊst/ n.［C］ 帖子 3.forum /ˈfɔ:rəm/ n.［C］ 论坛 4.problems with...……方面的问题 have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题 have problems （in） doing sth. 做某事有问题 5.used to do sth.（过去）常常做某事 辨析 be/get used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做）某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 6.get high marks in... 在……上得分高 7.have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难 8.catch vt. 熟词生义 听清楚，领会 9.compare A with B 把A与B相比 拓展 compare A to B 把A比作B 10.host /həʊst/ n.［C］ 节目主持人；主人；东道主 vt. 主办 派生词 hostess n.［C］ 女主持人；女主人 11.headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n.［C］ 令人头痛的人（或事物），麻烦；头痛 12.a close friend 亲密的朋友 13.request /rɪˈkwest/ n. ［C］& vt.要求，请求 14.relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n.［C］（人、团体、国家之间的） 关系，联系 15.equal /ˈi:kwəl/ n.［C］ 同等的人，相等物 16.bridge the gap （between A and B） 消除（A和B之间的）隔阂 bridge 熟词生义 vt. 弥合（差异），消除（分歧） gap /ɡæp/ n. ［C］间隔；开口；差距 17.demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.［C］ 要求 18.vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/ n.［C，U］ 词汇 19.properly /ˈprɒpəli/ adv.正确地，适当地；恰当地 派生词 proper（adj.正确的，恰当的）+-ly（副词后缀）→properly （adv.） ( 课文解析 ) 学习英语 登录 注册 王乐 嗨，大家好，你们在英语学习中遇到的最大问题是什么呢？ 刘文 嗨！我从小学开始就一直在学英语。我以前英语常常拿高分，但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 贾鑫 听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述我所听到的内容来帮我自己培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。只说"打开窗户！"容易得多，但在英语里那可能听起来很令人不快。我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说"请打开窗户！"，还是说"请你打开窗户，好吗？"，还是说甚至更长的"请问,您介意打开窗户吗？" 李锐 是的，那真的很难！我觉得一切都取决于你在跟谁说话。如果在和亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如"开下窗户"——我们关系密切，彼此平等， 因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。但如果是在和与自己不太亲密的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得更长些——而且我必须以问问题的形说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。如果是在和比我年长的人说话，那么我就应该说"请问，您介意开下窗户吗？"。对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法一连把所有的生词都记在脑子里，也肯定 1 have trouble with 教材语境...but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening. ……但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。 用法详解 have trouble with 是固定搭配，此处的trouble是不可数名词，意为"问题，困难"，其前可以用great、some、much、no等修饰。 have trouble with sb.与某人闹矛盾 have trouble with sth.在某方面有困难 Do you have any trouble with your roommates in daily life?在日常生活中你跟室友闹矛盾吗？ If you have trouble with a lesson，repeat it the next day.如果你在学某一课的时候有困难，第二天再学一次。 相关表达归纳: 在试题中有时会把"have trouble doing sth./difficulty （in） doing sth."结构中的trouble/difficulty提前作为先行词，其后跟一个省略关系词的定语从句，让同学们选择定语从句中非谓语动词的形式。其实这类题考查的还是该结构本身，但因加入了定语从句，句子结构变得复杂，从而加大了试题的难度。如： The project results from the difficulties. .many schools have in getting artists of any（省略了关系代词的定语从句，关系代词指代the difficulties，在定语从句中作have的宾语，构成have difficulties （in） doing sth.短语。）. .sort...into schools to work with and inspire children. 该项目源于许多学校在让各类艺术家进校辅导激励孩子时所遇到的困难…… 1.When the members in your club have trouble ________（solve） problems, you should communicate with them and find out the causes of the problems.（应用文写作之人际关系） 2.Some students have trouble ______ English grammar while others have difficulty _____________ （remember） new words. 3.By then, Steve was having a hard time_____________（remember） the names of some of his friends. 4.John is talking about the difficulty he had _________（learn） to write Chinese characters at first. 1.solving 2.with,remembering3.remembering 4.learning 2 equal 教材语境... our relationship is close and we're equals...……我们关系密切，彼此平等…… 用法详解 （1）n.［C］ 相等物，同等的人 The film has no equal in cinema history. 那部电影在电影史上无与伦比。 It is widely believed that the young reporter. .is the equal of many experienced journalists.人们普遍认为，这位年轻记者与许多有经验的记者不相上下。 （2）adj. （地位、权利等）平等的，同等的；（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，相等的；（能力、勇气等）相当的，能胜任的 be equal to sth.等于……；能应付/胜任…… be equal in.../be of equal... 在某方面平等/相同 They believe that all work is equal in value/of equal value.他们认为所有的工作都具有同等价值。 Not all men are equal in ability.不是所有人都能力相当。 Mary would be equal to the task of running a large department. 玛丽能胜任管理一个大部门的工作。 （3）linking verb 等于，（大小、数量、价值等）与……相等;vt.比得上 A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B Four plus six equals ten. 四加六等于十。 No one can equal him in. . chess.在国际象棋界，没人比得过他。 相关词语积累： 1.All people are ______ before the law, so everyone should be treated ________. （equal） 2.One box may look bigger than the other, but in fact they are almost equal volume（容量）. 3.It is only at two points in the year that the night and the day are equal length, which are on the Spring Equinox（春分） and Autumn Equinox. 1.equal,equally 2.in 3.of 3 demand 教材语境 ... and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., "Could you open the window, please?"……而且我必须以问问题的形式说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。 用法详解 （1）n.［C］（坚决的） 要求，所需之物；［U，C］（顾客的）需求，需要 a/the demand for...对……的需求/要求 in demand有需求的,受欢迎的 meet/satisfy one's demands （for...）满足某人（对……）的需求/要求 demand+that从句 ……的要求（that引导同位语从句,从句谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略） There's an increasing demand for learning Chinese these years.近年来学习中文的需求日益增大。 You should buy this bicycle while there are some left； it is in great demand. 趁着还有，你应该买下这辆自行车，它是紧俏商品。 It is said that such a Chinese training course will satisfy your demands. 据说像这样的中文培训课程将会满足你的要求。 The teacher made the demand that all students （should） leave the classroom immediately when the earthquake broke out.地震发生时，老师要求所有的学生立刻离开教室。 （2） vt. 强烈要求；需要 demand sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand+that从句/It is demanded that... 要求……（从句谓语用"should+动词原形", should可以省略） Learning a language demands both time and patience.学习一门语言既需要时间也需要耐心。 Customers demand a reasonable explanation of us for the mistake.顾客要求我们对这个错误作出合理的解释。 The reporter demanded to see the headmaster.那个记者要求见校长。 The company my sister applied to demands that all its employees （should） speak at least two foreign languages.我姐姐申请的那家公司要求所有的员工讲至少两门外语。 1.The teacher demanded that the students _________________（finish） the examination paper within one and a half hours. 2.She demanded ___________ （tell） everything about the accident because she was concerned about it. 3.The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are great demand in this city. 4.With China's development and prosperity（繁荣）, the demand putonghua lessons is on the increase. 5.Like running, race walking is physically ___________（demand）, she says. 1.（should） finish 2.to be told 3.in 4.for 5.demanding 4 relate to 教材语境Does each sentence relate to the main idea? 每句话都与主旨大意有关吗? 用法详解 relate to 与……相关，涉及，谈到 The research relates to the effects of the Internet on teenagers.这项研究涉及互联网对青少年的影响。 Education has always been a hot topic among parents as it relates to the future of their children. 教育一直是父母们的热门话题，因为它关系到孩子的未来。 相关词语积累： In Chinese culture, each year is related to an animal.在中国文化中，每一年与一种动物有关。 In the English class, our teacher requested us to relate our holiday experiences to the whole class. 在英语课上，老师要求我们向全班同学讲述我们的假期经历。 1.语法填空 1.I do not understand how the different parts of the machine relate each other. 2.The view is put forward especially in （relate） to grammar and vocabulary. 1.to 2.relation 2.完成句子 大学应该提供与未来职业相关的知识和技能。 Universities should provide knowledge and skills future careers. related to或in relation to或that relate to 5 have sb. do sth. 教材语境Don't you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not?你不喜欢让人告诉你这条裤子好看或不好看吗? 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 have sb. do sth.表示"让某人做某事"，have在此为使役动词，sb.与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。该结构相当于let/make sb. do sth.以及get sb. to do sth.。 Our teacher has us take turns to clean the classroom every day.老师让我们每天轮流打扫教室。 We should have our own point of view, and shouldn't always have others tell us what is right.我们应该有自己的观点，而不应该总是让别人告诉我们什么是对的。 相关知识积累： have sb./sth. doing sth.意为"让……一直做某事"，强调动作一直在持续，sb./sth.与do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。相当于keep/leave sb./sth. doing sth.。 I'm sorry to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。 Don't have the light burning like that. 不要让灯一直那样亮着。 1.语法填空 1.—Can I have the document right now? —Of course．Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary （print） it for you. 2.Some people often forget to turn off the tap（水龙头） after using it and have water _________（run） all the time. 1.print 2.running 2.单句写作 如果你碰巧遇见他，请让他给我打个电话。___________________________________________________ If you happen to meet him，please have him call me. 6 "感官动词（词组）+宾语+doing"结构 教材语境When I listen to native English speakers talking. .in a video, I can catch only a few words.我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 "感官动词（词组）+宾语+doing"属于"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构的一种，doing表示正在进行的主动动作。常见的感官动词（词组）有：feel、hear、 listen to、notice、see、watch等。 The father sits in the theatre and watches his daughter performing（performing表示正在进行的主动动作） proudly.那位父亲坐在剧院里，骄傲地看他女儿表演。 相关知识积累： 在"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构中，宾补除了doing以外，还有do和done两种形式。以感官动词see为例： see+宾语+do看见……做了 （表示主动,且指动作发生的全过程） see+宾语+done 看见……被做（表示被动,且动作已完成） Did you notice a girl in red enter the building？你注意到一位穿红色衣服的女孩走进楼里面了吗？ When I got home, I saw the window broken.我到家时,看到窗户被打破了。 在"感官动词（词组）+宾语+宾补"结构中，主动语态中作宾补的动词不定式不带to，但在被动语态中to 要还原。 She is often heard to sing songs. 经常有人听到她唱歌。 语法填空 1.Yesterday, Jack and I were walking down the street when we saw an old man （fall） off his bike. 2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products __________ （develop） after great effort. 3.The head teacher sat on the bench, watching the kids ________（play） football on the playground. 4.The teacher was noticed _________（leave）the teaching building after class. 1.fall 2.developed 3.playing 4.to leave 7 "疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构 教材语境①My biggest headache is how to be polite in English.我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。 ②I have to think about who I'm talking to and then decide whether to say...我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说…… 用法详解 （1）疑问词包括：疑问代词who、 whom、 what（无选择范围）、 which（有选择范围） 和疑问副词when、 where、 how （2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语和同位语 （3）作主语时谓语动词的数：常用单数形式 How to make a cake（作主语） is what we're going to learn today.今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。 He hasn't decided. .whether to go or stay（作宾语）.他还没有决定去留。 I didn't know whom to ask for help（作宾语） when I was abroad for the first time.我第一次出国的时候，不知道向谁寻求帮助。 This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf（作表语）. 这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。 I have no idea when to tell her the bad news（作同位语） . 我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。 1.语法填空 I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how___________（improve） our English. to improve 2.用"疑问词/whether+动词不定式"结构完成句子 1.我们花了很长时间来决定去哪里，但我认为我们计划了一次非常有趣的旅行。 It took us a long time ______________________, but I think we have planned a very interesting trip. 2.这似乎是一段永无止境的旅程，但即使作为一个六岁的小女孩，我也意识到，懂得如何阅读可以打开许多扇门。 It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that _____________________ could open many doors. 1.to decide where to go 2.knowing how to read ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.It shocked me that this policy bridged the 　　　　(差距) between us.  2.He gave us a few specific examples to help us deal with current 　　　　(事件).  3.An effective way to increase your v　　　　 is to read more English newspapers.  1.gap　2.affairs　3.vocabulary 二.一词多义 1.For further information, please refer to the relevant books. 词义:　　　  2.They would never refer to that matter again, because that would only make them very sad. 词义:　　　  3.The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River refer to the Qutang Gorge, the Wu Gorge, and the Xiling Gorge. 词义:　　　  1.查阅　句意:如需更多信息,请查阅相关书籍。 2.提到　句意:他们再也不会提那件事了,因为那只会使他们非常伤心。 3.指的是　句意:长江三峡指的是瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡。 三.单句语法填空 1.Men and women must be treated 　　　　　(equal) in education and employment.  2.Think of another topic that is 　　　　　(relate) to animals and hold a debate.  3.The scenery of the valley is so beautiful that it is almost beyond　　　　　(describe).  4.There is a china bowl 　　　　　(date) back to the Song Dynasty in this museum.  5.He used　　　　　(live) in a large city, but now he has got used to 　　　　　(live) in the quiet village.  6.She 　　　　　(study)very hard in an effort to catch up with her classmates since last year.   7.I still remember that afternoon 　　　　　I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.  1.equally　考查副词。设空处修饰be treated,需用副词equally。句意:在教育和就业方面,男女必须得到平等对待。 2.related/relative　考查形容词。句意:想出另一个与动物有关的话题,然后举行一次辩论。be related/relative to...意为“与……有关”。故填related或relative。 3.description　考查名词。beyond description意为“无法形容”。句意:这个山谷的景色如此美丽,简直无法形容。故填description。 4.dating　考查现在分词。该句为there be句型,设空处位于主语china bowl(瓷碗)后,提示词为动词,故判断此处应填非谓语动词。date back to与china bowl之间为主动关系(a china bowl dates back to...),故此处需用现在分词dating构成现在分词短语作后置定语,表示“追溯到宋朝的瓷碗”。 5.to live;living　考查used的固定用法。句意:他过去生活在一个大城市里,但是现在他已经习惯了住在这个安静的村庄里。第一空表示“过去常常做某事,曾经做过某事”,用used to do sth.;第二空表示“习惯于做某事”,用get used to doing sth.。 6.has been studying　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:自从去年以来,为了赶上她的同班同学,她一直在努力学习。根据时间状语 since last year和语境可知,她从去年开始一直在努力学习,并且可能还会持续下去,故此处用现在完成进行时,主语为第三人称单数,故填has been studying。 7.when　考查定语从句的引导词。句意:我还记得那天下午,我在公共汽车上睡着了,坐过了站。设空处无提示词,设空处前面是that afternoon,后面内容意思完整,结合句意可以推测设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词that afternoon,将先行词代入从句后为“I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop that afternoon”,关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 四.选词填空 have trouble with; relate to; take on; depend on 　　When people 1.　　　　　　 the independence of young people, they think some young people 2.　　　　　　their parents too much. So they may 3.　　　　　　 the adaptation(适应) to a new environment after they leave their parents.Therefore, young people should make efforts to learn to be independent and 4.　　　　　　 challenges.  1.relate to　2.depend on　3.have trouble with4.take on 五.完成句子 1.因此,我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观美术馆,我确信我能胜任这项工作。(equal) So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the art gallery and I am sure that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.考试前老师要求作文只能单面书写。(虚拟语气) The teacher demanded that the composition 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　only on one side before the exam.  3.我们很幸运地从一些著名运动员那里得到了关于如何提高我们的技能和强健我们的身体的建议。(疑问词+不定式) We've been fortunate to have got advice from some famous athletes on 　　　  　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and build up our bodies.  4.他花20万元买的那套房子现在值35万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句;pay) The house　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.  1.I am equal to the job　2.should be written　3.how to improve our skills　4.for which he paid 六.课文语法填空 Many people find it difficult 　1　(learn) English. Several Chinese students 　2　 learn English are discussing their biggest problems on an online forum. Liu Wen used to learn English well, 　3　 now he has a lot of trouble with his listening. When listening to native English speakers talking in a video, he can catch only a few 　4　(word) and he can't get the main idea. Jia Xin thinks 　5　(listen) to English radio programmes can help her get used to how fast native speakers talk. She also repeats what she hears. Sometimes she even records her voice and compares her pronunciation 　6　 the radio host's. Her biggest problem is how to be polite in English. Li Rui has 　7　(she) own opinion about Jia Xin's problem. She thinks the way she speaks depends on who she is speaking to. If she speaks to 　8　 stranger, she must make her sentence 　9　 (long) than to a friend. The biggest problem Li Rui is faced with is vocabulary. She can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in her head and she can't remember how to use them 　10　(proper), either.  1.to learn　考查动词不定式。该句中find后的it为形式宾语,difficult为宾补,此处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to learn。句意:许多人觉得学英语很难。 2.who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“　2　 learn English”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词students,且定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词who或that。 句意:几个学习英语的中国学生正在一个网络论坛上讨论他们(学习英语时遇到的)最大的问题。  3.but　考查连词。设空处前面的“Liu Wen used to learn English well”和后面的“now he has a lot of trouble with his listening”为转折关系,故填连词but。 4.words　考查名词复数。此处指他只能听懂几个单词。a few后接可数名词的复数形式,故填words。 5.listening　考查动名词。句意:佳欣认为听英语广播节目可以帮助她习惯以英语为母语的人的说话速度。分析句子结构可知,thinks后面为省略了that的宾语从句,“　5　(listen) to English radio programmes”在宾语从句中作主语(后面有谓语can help),表示抽象概念而不表示某次具体动作(排除不定式),故填动名词listening。  6.with/to/and　考查介词/连词。compare...with/to/and...意为“把……和……作比较”。句意:有时她甚至把自己的声音录下来,然后比较自己的发音和电台主持人的发音。 7.her　考查代词。设空处后面为“own+名词”,故填形容词性物主代词her,表示“她自己的”。 8.a　考查冠词。句意:如果她和一个陌生人说话,她一定使自己的句子比和一个朋友说话时的长。stranger意为“陌生人”,为可数名词,此处应填不定冠词,表泛指(一个),stranger以辅音音素开头,故填a。 9.longer　考查形容词比较级。由设空处后面的than可知,此处表示比较,应用形容词比较级longer。 10.properly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰动词use,应用副词properly作状语。 七.语法填空 When I was in France, I 　1　(try) to practise my language skills. However, my 　2　(break) French was so poor that sometimes I couldn't make myself understood in a conversation, so it ended 　3　 a complete communication breakdown. I did my best to pronounce words clearly but of course I was not a native 　4　(speak) or anywhere speaker approaching that level, so people often misunderstood me.  The other day, I met someone from another part of the country 　5　 had such a strong accent that at times I found it virtually incomprehensible. 　6　was hard to believe that we shared the same language, to be honest. And it wasn't just the accent—as 　7　 matter of fact, he was speaking a different dialect and using slang(俚语), 　8　 (make) it difficult for me to follow him. We had to get someone 　9　(translate) for us.  When you travel, there's sometimes a language barrier that makes communication difficult. But I've found that body language, while not 　10　(exact) the same around the world, is sufficiently universal(广泛适用的), which means that we can “talk” to other people. Gestures and facial expressions allow us to show people that we don't understand, that we want a particular thing, or whatever.  语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者结合自己的亲身经历,建议人们在旅游时,如果遇到语言不通所造成的交流障碍,可以利用肢体语言和面部表情来表达自己的想法。 1.tried　考查动词时态。分析句子成分可知,设空处作主句中的谓语动词,由时间状语从句When I was in France中的时态(一般过去时)可知此处也应用一般过去时。故填tried。 2.broken　考查形容词。设空处后是名词French,所以此处应用形容词作定语,形容词broken意为“不流利的;说得结结巴巴的”。故填broken。 3.in　考查介词。句意:然而,我那不流利的法语实在是太糟糕了,以至于有时我无法在谈话中让别人理解我的意思,因此谈话以彻底的交流失败告终。end in...意为“以……告终”。故填in。 4.speaker　考查名词。此处指“我”不是(法语的)母语使用者,native speaker指的是“母语使用者”。设空处前有冠词a,所以应用单数名词。故填speaker。 5.who　考查定语从句的引导词。句意:前几天,我遇到一个来自这个国家另一个地方的人,他的口音很重,以至于有时我几乎听不懂。设空处前面的“from another part of the country”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰someone,设空处无提示词,“　5　had such a strong accent”中缺少主语,由句意可知其主语即前面的someone,由此可知设空处引导定语从句,定语从句的先行词为someone,应用关系代词who。  6.It　考查代词。句意:说实话,很难相信我们说相同的语言。分析句子成分可知,设空处作形式主语,动词不定式短语“to believe that we shared the same language”为真正的主语,故用it作形式主语。设空处位于句子开头,首字母要大写。故填It。 7.a　考查冠词。句意:这不仅仅是口音的问题——事实上,他说的是一种不同的方言,而且使用了俚语,这让我很难听懂他的话。as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。故填a。 8.making　考查现在分词。句意见上一题。分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词且设空处前面无并列连词,故此处应用非谓语动词,结合句意可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 9.to translate　考查动词不定式。句意:我们不得不找个人为我们翻译。get sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。故填to translate。 10.exactly　考查副词。not exactly the same意为“不完全相同”,此处应用副词作状语。故填exactly。 $$