专题05 Unit2 Travelling Around课文篇-【初升高】2025年新高一英语暑期衔接讲义（人教版2019）

Unit2 Travelling Around课文篇 Listening and Speaking ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.on the coast of…在……海岸 2.narrow/ˈnærəʊ/ adj.狭窄的；勉强的，刚刚好的 3.flat/flæt/ adj.平坦的；扁平的 n.［C］公寓；单元房（英式英语） 4.powerful/ˈpaʊəfl/adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的 搭配 a powerful body 健壮的体魄 a powerful speech 有感染力的演讲 5.empire/ˈempaɪə（r）/ n.［C］帝国 形进emperor/ˈempərə（r）/n.［C］皇帝 6.now-famous site 现在著名的地点 site/saɪt/n.［C］地点；位置；现场 7.take control of控制；接管 8.rule 熟词生义 vt.& vi.统治，控制，支配 9.official/əˈfɪʃl/adj.官方的，正式的；公务的 n.［C］官员；要员 搭配 official language官方语言 ( 课文解析 ) 秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，由三个主要地区构成:狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区，安第斯山脉以及亚马孙热带雨林。 在15至16世纪期间，秘鲁曾是强大的古印加帝国的中心。印加帝王就住在现闻名于世的马丘比丘。西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。 正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 ( 单词学习2 ) 1.accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/n.［U］住处；停留处；［pl.］膳宿 派生构词 accommodate（vt.为……提供住宿）+-ion（名词后缀）→accommodation（n.） 2.unique/juˈni:k/ adj.特有的；独特的；唯一的 搭配 be unique to…是……特有的 a（注意冠词） unique way 一个独特的方法 3.path/pɑ:θ/n.［C］小路；路线，道路 4.on the way to…在前往……的路上 拓展 on the way home/here/there 在回家/来这里/去那里的路上 5.cut sth. to size把某物切割成所需的大小 6.other than（常用于否定句）除……以外 辨析 rather than 而不是 7.fit 熟词生义 n.［C］匹配，相配 8.admire/ədˈmaɪə（r）/ vt.钦佩；赞赏 9.architecture/ˈɑ:kɪtektʃə（r）/n.［U］建筑设计；建筑学 architect/ˈɑ:kɪtekt/n.［C］建筑师 10.connect…to/with… 连接……和…… 11.water plants 水生植物 12.centuries-old adj.上百年的，历史悠久的 构词法 "名词+形容词"构成的复合形容词。常见的还有：worldwide（世界各地的），lifelong（终生的）等。 the centuries-old paper cutting历史悠久的剪纸艺术 13.package tours包价旅游 package/ˈpækɪdʒ/n.［C］包价（旅游）；（必须整体接收的）一套东西；包裹；包装盒 vt.将……包装好 14.contact/ˈkɒntækt/ vt.联络；联系 n.［U］联系；接触 ( 课文解析2 ) 亚马孙热带雨林之旅 在库斯科搭乘短程航班会让您从安第斯山脉飞抵亚马孙热带雨林。您将从那儿乘一天的船前往雨林深处的住宿地。在接下来的三天里， 您可以在当地导游的陪同下，深入雨林进行探索，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。 马丘比丘之旅 在这四天的徒步旅行中，您将沿着奇妙的山径，在安第斯山脉中穿行，直抵马丘比丘市。到达目的地之后，您将有一天的时间来探索这座令人叹为观止的古城。尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。 库斯科之旅 在位于安第斯山脉上的库斯科游玩四天，尽享独特的西班牙与当地印第安文化。库斯科从13世纪至16世纪是印加帝国的首都。您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物、享受当地的美味佳肴，并在当地集市购物。 的的喀喀湖之旅 沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新建公路，驱车行驶一日， 全程饱览乡村美景。湖畔将有小船把您送至岛屿上的当地乌鲁斯家庭，共度三日（美好时光）。岛屿和乌鲁斯人的住房都是利用湖中的水生植物建造而成的。 欢迎您来体验秘鲁的万种风情:这里既有古印加文化和数百年历史的西班牙村庄，也有茂密的雨林、雄伟的山脉和美丽的海岸线。 如需更多关于秘鲁其他旅游套餐的宣传册，请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.org与我们联系。 文化百科 1.库斯科（Cusco）位于秘鲁南部。库斯科古城气候宜人，崇山峻岭和葱郁的林木围绕在城市的四周，因而又有"安第斯山王冠上的明珠"的美称。 2.马丘比丘（Machu Picchu），秘鲁著名的印加帝国古城遗迹，大约建于公元15世纪。这一遗迹于1983年被联合国教科文组织定为世界遗产，是世界上为数不多的文化与自然双重遗产之一。 3.的的喀喀湖（Lake Titicaca）是南美洲第三大湖，是南美洲地势最高的淡水湖。的的喀喀湖四周雪峰环抱，湖水不断得到高山冰雪融水的补充，故而湖水不咸。 1.the Inca civilisation 印加文明 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.［U］文明；文明世界注意 在美式英语中，拼法为civilization。 2.be made up of 意为"由……组成/构成"。 详见P094 3.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə（r）/ n. ［C］士兵 4.transport /ˈtrænspɔ:t/ n.［U］旅行方式；交通运输系统（英式英语，美式英语中通常为transportation） 5.hike/haɪk/vi.徒步旅行；vt.& vi.去……远足 n.［C］远足； 徒步旅行 go hiking去远足 库斯科是一个深受游客欢迎的目的地，这是由于其在南美洲历史上的特殊地位。直到16世纪，库斯科都是南美洲最强大的帝国——印加帝国的首都。印加文明有两件特别有趣的东西令人钦佩。一是他们修建的连通重要城市的道路和小径。这些印加道路由两条南北走向的公路和许多由东向西穿过山脉的小路组成。这些道路（当时）是为印加士兵以及他们的官员修建的。二是在印加人的城市里，琳琅满目的建筑令人赞叹不已，但是这些城市里却没有集市。其中一个有趣的历史问题是：印加人在不购物的情况下是如何生活的！ ( 知识解析 ) 1 apply 教材语境 apply for a visa申请签证 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 apply vi.& vt.申请,请求 apply （to sb./sth.） for... （向某人/某物）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 vt.应用, 使用；努力学习，勤奋工作 apply sth. to（to均为介词） sth. 把某物应用于某事 apply oneself/one's mind to （doing） sth.致力于/专心于（做）某事 vt. 涂，敷，施 / I am writing to apply to our school English club for the post of editor.我写信向我们学校英语社团申请编辑这个职位。 I applied to become a volunteer at the Olympic Games. 我申请在奥运会上做一名志愿者。 We should apply what we learn in class to our future jobs and life.我们应该将课堂上学到的内容运用到我们未来的工作和生活中。 I must apply myself to studying so as to make my dream come true. 为了实现我的梦想，我必须专心学习。 Remember to apply this cream to the cut three times a day. 记住把这种药膏涂在伤口上，一天涂三次。 相关词语积累： The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job. 申请人如果想申请这份工作,就必须先上交他们的申请书。 1.The person who wants to apply ________（join） the organization will be expected to have a good knowledge of English. 2.We should apply theory practice; otherwise, it is of no use. 3.To my delight（高兴）, I was chosen from hundreds of ___________（apply） to attend the opening ceremony. 4.I am so sorry to inform you that your ___________（apply） for this job is turned down due to lack of related information. 2 pack 教材语境pack some clothes打包一些衣服 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 pack vi.& vt.收拾（行李）; vt.打包，包装 pack （sth.） up把（某物）打包，把（某物）装箱 vi.& vt. 挤进，涌进；塞满，挤满 pack （into）...挤满/进…… pack someplace with...……挤满/进某地 n.［C］ （商品的）纸包, 纸袋；一包；全套东西；一群；一帮 a pack of一盒；一包；一群；一帮 in packs成群地 Mr Li packed up and headed for Beijing, where he had applied for a job. 李先生收拾行李，前往北京，在那里他申请了一份工作。 Lily had her luggage packed and got prepared to go camping with her parents. 莉莉打包好了行李，准备和她的父母一起去露营。 Packed with. .tourists from home and abroad, the Forbidden City comes alive. 挤满了来自国内外的游客，故宫热闹了起来。 The club will send a free information pack. 这家俱乐部会邮寄一个免费资料包。 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. 我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。 1.__________________（一群游客） were anxious to reach the destination before lunchtime. 2.Tim was busy ______________________（整理衣服） as he was leaving that night. 3.The stadium _____________________（挤满了歌迷） to see the famous singer. 3 amazing 教材语境Why famous: amazing waterfalls... 为什么著名：令人惊叹的瀑布…… 用法详解 amazing（在句中可作表语、定语或补语，用来说明主语或所修饰词的特征。） adj.令人大为惊奇的，（尤指）令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的 It is amazing that quite a few German travellers are interested in Chinese food. 令人惊奇的是，很多德国旅客对中国饮食很感兴趣。 If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety. 你如果到中国来游览，将会体验到一种有着惊人深度和多样性的文化。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 The amazement on Ann's face showed that she was amazed at the result of the experiment, which her teacher also thought amazing. 安脸上的惊诧表明她对实验的结果感到惊讶，她的老师也觉得这个结果令人吃惊。 用amaze的适当形式填空 1.After-school activities offer an _________ opportunity to students to improve themselves. 2.The audience were ________ by the speaker's_________performance on the stage. 4 arrangement 教材语境 Actually, I've just finished the travel arrangements！ 实际上，我刚刚完成了旅行安排！ 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 arrangement n.［C］ 安排，筹备（通常用复数形式） make arrangements （for…） （为……）做安排 n. ［C］ 布置，安排方式（常用复数形式） / n.［C,U］ 商定，约定 come to an arrangement达成协议 If you make unrealistic arrangements for your study，it may be hard for you to make progress.你如果制订不切实际的学习计划，可能很难取得进步。 The airport is currently reviewing its new security arrangements. 机场目前正在检查新的安保措施。 The two countries come to an arrangement over the peace and development.两国就和平与发展问题达成一项协议。 相关词语积累： I'm very glad to tell you that my class has arranged （for） a visit to a nursing home to see the old people.我非常高兴地告诉你，我们班安排了去养老院看望老人。 The principal arranged for several students to take the guests around.校长安排了几个学生带着客人们四处转转。 1.Without hesitation（犹豫）, I decided to join in this event and made my travel ______________（arrange） for Beijing immediately. 2.Before I set off on the trip to New York, I had made arrangements ____ the repair work. 3.I arranged _________ （meet） Jane after work last night but she didn't turn up. 4.The big party which ____________（arrange） for exchange students is going to be held tomorrow. 5 recognise 教材语境Recognise text type 辨别文章类型 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 recognise （NAmE  recognize） vt.辨别出，认出 recognise one's voice 辨别出某人的声音 recognise sb./sth. by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物 vt.意识到，承认 recognise that/what/how... 意识到/承认…… It is recognised that... 人们意识到…… vt.（正式）认可，接受，赞 成；赏识，公认 be recognised as... 被认为是……；被称赞是……；被公认是…… Sorry, Miss Smith. I failed to recognise your voice on the phone at first.对不起，史密斯小姐。我起初在电话里没有听出你的声音。 The moment I saw him in the street, I recognised him by the way he walked.我在街上一看见他，就从他走路的样子认出了他。 They started talking and quickly recognised how much they had in common.他们开始交谈起来，很快就意识到彼此间有那么多共同点。 Lu Xun is recognised as one of the greatest writers in modern literature.鲁迅被认为是现代文学中最伟大的作家之一。 熟词生义 The firefighter was recognised for having saved many lives in this rescue task.vt. 表扬，表彰 相关词语积累： 1.Though we haven't seen each other for years，I _________________________________（通过他的声音认出他）. 2.____________________（人们意识到） it is time to protect the environment from being polluted. 3.Anne _____________________________________________（被公认是最努力的学生） in our class. 6 narrow 教材语境 ...narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast... ……狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 narrow adj.狭窄的［（反义词） broad adj. 宽阔的］ / adj.勉强的，刚刚好的 a narrow escape死里逃生，险些遇险 a narrow victory险胜 vt.& vi.（使）变窄；（使）缩小 narrow the gap between...and...缩小……与……之间的差距/隔阂 The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass.这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。 He had a narrow escape when a large stone rolled down from the hill suddenly.一块大石头突然从山上滚下来，他险些被砸到。 She won a narrow victory over her great competitor in the tennis competition. 她在那次网球赛中险胜了她的强大对手。 New tax laws will narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. 新税法将会缩小贫富差距。 相关词语积累： narrowly adv.勉强地,以毫厘之差 narrow-minded adj.心胸狭窄的 He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left. 向左转弯时，他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。 7 take control of 教材语境Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. 西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。 用法详解 take（可用get/gain替换） control of意为"控制；接管"， 常用人作主语。 Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning rather than depending on the teacher. 学生们被鼓励自主学习，而不是依靠老师。 Mr Green's leading teaching ability is the reason why he is chosen to take control of the class.格林先生教学能力一流，这就是为什么他会被选来接管这个班级。 与control相关的其他短语： 用control的相关短语完成句子 1.如果我让恐惧控制了自己，我将一事无成。 If I let fear _____________________________, I will achieve nothing. 2.那个司机的车失去了控制，撞到了一棵大树上。 The driver ______________ his car and it knocked into a big tree. 3.史密斯先生掌管公司。也就是说，公司在他的掌管之下。 Mr Smith is _____________ the company. That is to say, the company is _________________him. 8 admire 教材语境Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture… 您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物…… 用法详解 （1）vt.欣赏 admire the scenery/the moon欣赏风景/赏月 Travelling provides me with a chance to admire the scenery along the way. 旅行给了我一个欣赏沿途风景的机会。 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 中秋节期间，家人经常聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。 （2）vt.钦佩，仰慕，赞赏 admire sb.for （doing） sth.因（做）某事而钦佩/赞赏某人 We admire him for the way in which he faces difficulties.我们钦佩他面对困难所采取的方式。 相关词语积累: 语境串记 These admirers admire the famous pianist Alan for his excellent performance, and to express their admiration for him, some of them set up a charity named after him. 这些仰慕者因为著名钢琴家艾伦出色的表演而钦佩他。为 了表达对他的钦佩之情，一些仰慕者成立了一个以他命名的慈善机构。 1.Professor Wang is much admired her research on modern art. 2.We all show ___________（admire）for the organization, which works to build a better future for children. 3.Jack has been admitted（录取） into a key university, which is __________（admire）. 4.There are many _________ （admire） of the famous novelist around the world. 9 contact 教材语境...contact. .us at tourinfo@travelperu.org. ……请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.org与我们联系。 用法详解 （1）vt.（通过信件或电话等）联络，联系 We forgot to exchange numbers—now we can't contact each other. 我们忘记交换电话号码了。现在我们联系不到对方。 （2）n.［U］联系；接触 make contact with sb.与某人取得联系 keep/stay in contact with sb.与某人保持联系 be in contact with sb.与某人有联系 lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系 eye contact目光接触 The Internet makes it easier for us to make contact with our family while travelling around.互联网使我们在旅行时与家人联系更加容易。 I have been in contact with Lily since we first met in an English club last year. 自去年我们在英语俱乐部第一次见面以来，我就一直和莉莉有联系。 I have lost contact with Paul since we graduated from high school. 自从我们高中毕业后，我就和保罗失去了联系。 1.Please do not hesitate to ____________（与我联系） if you have any problems. 2.After ______________（失去联系） for almost twenty years，they met by accident at a party,so they _____________________________（和彼此取得联系） again. 3.I try to _____________________________________________（与我的童年朋友保持联系）, even though we live in different cities now. 10 be made up of 教材语境These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and... 这些印加道路由两条南北走向的公路和……组成。 用法详解 be made up of 意为"由……组成/构成"，其用法为： （1）其主语为表示整体的人或事物，即整体由部分组成。 （2）其主动形式make up意为"组成,构成"，其主语为表示部分的人或事物，即部分构成整体。 The city is made up of different neighborhoods, each with a unique architectural style. 这座城市由不同的街区组成，每个街区都有独特的建筑风格。 这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。 Three doctors and seven nurses make up the medical team now. The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses now. 归纳拓展 make构成的其他短语： make up构成；化妆；编造 make up one's mind 下定决心 make use of 利用make it获得成功；渡过难关 make the most of充分利用；尽情享受 语境串记I always found it hard to understand what the math teacher taught in class, but I made up my mind to make a change and made use of my spare time to make progress with my friend's help.我总是觉得课堂上很难听懂数学老师教的内容，但是在朋友的帮助下，我下定决心要作出改变，利用空闲时间去取得进步。 用make的相关短语完成句子 1.Cultural activities __________（构成） an important part of the Olympic Games. 2.Facing two offers，I haven't ___________________（下定决心） about which one to choose. 3.We should _____________（利用） our free time to take up hobbies and make friends with people who share the same interest with us. 4.When you are faced with difficulties, see them as chances to improve yourself and keep trying, and you'll _________（获得成功）. 11 强调句型 教材语境It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 句式剖析 本句是强调句型，强调的是原因状语for this reason。 用法详解 强调句型 基本结构 It+is/was+被强调部分+that+其他. 注意事项 可强调句子的主语、宾语、表语或状语等，不能强调谓语。 强调句型中的It本身没有意义，但不能用其他词代替。 被强调部分指人时用that或who均可，其他情况通常用that。 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It后的be动词均用单数形式。be动词根据时态选用is或was。 John bought the book in this shop yesterday. 昨天约翰在这家商店买了这本书。 It was John（强调主语John） that bought the book in this shop yesterday. It was the book（强调宾语the book） that John bought in this shop yesterday. It was in this shop（强调地点状语in this shop） that John bought the book yesterday. It was yesterday（强调时间状语yesterday） that John bought the book in this shop. 特别提醒 判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法：去掉It is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句，否则不是。 It was at midnight that I got here yesterday.（这里把It was 和that去掉后, 句子为:I got here at midnight yesterday.句意完整， 符合语法结构，故是强调句。） 1. was her selfless support that helped us get through the crisis quickly. 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 3.It was my sister _________ helped me out when I was in trouble. 12 表语提前引起的全部倒装 教材语境①Below are two texts about Peru.以下是关于秘鲁的两篇短文。 ②Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building. 尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。 用法详解 为保持句子平衡（主语较长）或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装，即可把作表语的形容词、副词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和系动词倒装。 Present at the meeting were the teachers and the students' parents. 出席会议的有老师和学生家长。 Among the guests were Dr. Smith and his children.客人中有史密斯博士和他的孩子们。 1.语法填空 On both sides of the road （be） beautiful flowers now. 2.句式升级（倒装） Kevin was surprised when he heard the news. 13 so that引导的结果状语从句 教材语境Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。 用法详解 so that引导结果状语从句时，意为"因此，结果"。 The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be put off until the next month.大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。 While walking, John checked his smartphone, so that he knocked into a tree. 约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。 14.as引导的时间状语从句，动词-ing短语作后置定语 教材语境Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. 沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新建公路，驱车行驶一日，全程饱览乡村美景。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： Enjoy the beautiful countryside（主句） as you… new highway （connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca）（动词-ing短语作后置定语）.（as引导的时间状语从句） as引导的时间状语从句 用法详解 as引导时间状语从句时，意为"随着，当……时"，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 特别提醒as意为"随着"时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较： 随着时间的流逝，他的记忆力似乎越来越差。 As time goes by, his memory seems to get worse. With time going by, his memory seems to get worse. 动词-ing短语作后置定语 用法详解 动词-ing短语作后置定语时，表示被修饰名词的动作与特征，通常位于被 修饰词之后。动词-ing短语作后置定语（以do为例）的一般用法如下： 形式 doing being done 意义 表示正在进行的主动动作或被修饰词当时所处的状态 表示正在进行的被动动作 扩展成定语从句 关系代词+do的适当形式+其他 关系代词+be动词+being done+其他 The park is full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine（=who enjoy themselves in the sunshine）.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。 The meeting being held in the room now（=that/which is being held in the room now） is of great importance.这个房间里现在正进行的会议很重要。 A man respecting others（=who respects others） will be respected. 敬人者，人敬之。 语法填空 1.Last night, there were millions of people __________（watch） the opening ceremony（仪式） live on TV. 2.My heart breaks at the thought of some of our irreplaceable heritage __________（lose） forever. 3.When we got a call _______（say） she was short-listed（将……列入决选名单），we thought it was a joke. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.At last, after twenty hours on the boat, the travellers arrived at their d　　　　.  2.Which kind of public t　　　　 do you prefer to take:a bus or a train?  3.When in junior high school, we often 　　　　(联系)each other and did our homework together.  4.It was the adventure I had always dreamed of, so I 　　　　(收拾) my bags and set out immediately.  二.单句语法填空 1.As we all know, the ancient garden is unique 　　　　　China.   2.They are making 　　　　　(arrange) for their daughter's wedding.   3.She won the 　　　　　(admire)of many people in her battle against cancer.   4.The expert's research findings received popular 　　　　  (recognise).   5.The meeting has lasted for three days, but we haven't heard the　　 　  (office)decision.   6.When I began my senior high school, I found it 　　　　　(extreme) difficult to learn English well.  7.The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94. We were only beaten 　　　　　(narrow).  8.We were so　　　　　(amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders. 9.As you know, Julia 　　　　　(leave) soon. If you set out for the airport right now, you can see her off.  10.He worked hard at his lessons 　　　　　that he gained good grades in the exams.  三.选词填空 other than; take control of; be made up of 　　Bob is very popular in the school. He 1.　　　　　　 the school football team last month, which 2.　　　　　　 23 members. 3.　　　　　　 that, he is the chairman of the student union. He is so excellent that many students follow his example.  四.完成句子 1.许多毕业生都向华为公司申请了这个职位,但只有少数人通过了面试。(apply) Many graduates　　　　 　　　　 HUAWEI 　　　　the position, but only a few passed the interview.  2.All the teachers and students were present at the activity.(句式升级;完全倒装) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　all the teachers and students.  3.You shared so many interesting things about your country at the cultural festival.(句式升级;强调句型) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　 you shared so many interesting things about your country. 五.课文语法填空 Peru is a country in South America facing the Pacific Ocean. It consists　1　three parts: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.   Spanish is the main official language of Peru. It is because Peru　2　(rule) by Spain from the 16th century to 1821. But before that, Peru was the centre of the ancient Inca Empire, and 　3　(it)emperor lived in what is now known as the site Machu Picchu.   Peru is 　4　amazing destination with something for tourists. Here　5　(be) four magical tours.   In the Amazon Rainforest Tour, you can first take a short flight into the Amazon rainforest and then travel for a day to your　6　(accommodate) by boat. In the following three days, you can explore the unique rainforest with a local guide. In the Machu Picchu Tour, you can go on a four⁃day hike through the Andes Mountains to the city of Machu Picchu. After　7　(explore) the ancient city, you will find it very amazing,　8　(especial) the Incas' dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones so exactly　9　nothing was needed to hold walls together. In the Cusco Tour, it takes you four days to enjoy the Spanish and local Indian culture. In the Lake Titicaca Tour, you will have a chance　10　 (stay)with a local Uros family for three days.   ( 课文解析 ) 1.go well 进展顺利 2.sight/saɪt/n.［C］景象，情景 the sights and sounds of… ……的情景 3.unbelievable/ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl/ adj.难以置信的 派生构词 un-（否定前缀）+believ（e）+-able（形容词后缀）→unbelievable （adj.） 4.statue /ˈstætʃu:/n.［C］雕塑，雕像 5.be known as…作为……而闻名 （=be famous as...） 拓展 be known/famous for…因……而闻名 be known to sb.为某人所熟知 6.treasure house n.［C］宝库，宝地 7.sightseeing /ˈsaɪtsi:ɪŋ/ n.［U］观光，游览 派生构词 sightsee（v.观光）+-ing→sightseeing（n.） go sightseeing 去观光 8.right away立刻，马上 同义immediately/at once/right now/in no time 亲爱的肖莉: 我在中国一切都好。 我喜欢我的新学校和新同学。十月放假期间， 我和父母打算去西安参观兵马俑。我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待想去了。对我来说，兵马俑的故事简直令人难以置信。那里有8 000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为现代人所知，这真是非常神奇。 我们还计划游览西安的其他景点。爸爸和我都期待着参观陕西历史博物馆，因为我爸爸热爱历史，而且我听说这家博物馆被誉为"华夏宝库"!我们还打算游览西安城墙和其他一些著名景点。 我们打算坐火车，在十月假期开始的前一天出发。 上午9:30到达西安之后，我们马上就开始观光，但愿我们能在火车上睡个好觉! 我想今天就写到这里吧!我很快会再给你写信和发照片的!你对即将到来的假期有什么安排吗?期待快点收到你的来信。 你的朋友， 理查德 文化百科 1.兵马俑 1974年3月，临潼县西杨村几个村民在打井时发现几个破碎的用泥土烧制的与真人一样大小的陶俑，经陕西省考古队勘探和试掘，兵马俑重见天日。 1987年，秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑被联合国教科文组织批准列入《世界遗产名录》，并被誉为"世界第八大奇迹"。 2.陕西历史博物馆 陕西历史博物馆，中国第一座大型现代化国家级博物馆，被誉为"古都明珠，华夏宝库"。馆藏文物上起远古人类初始阶段使用的简单石器，下至1840年前社会生活中的各类器物，时间跨度长达一百多万年。 3.西安城墙 西安城墙一般特指西安明城墙，是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣。 1.BCE abbr.公元前 拓展 CE abbr.公元 in the third century BCE 在公元前3世纪 in the fifth century CE 公元5世纪 2. lead sb. to do sth.使得/导致某人做某事 3. tomb /tu:m/ n.［C］坟墓 4. unearth /ʌnˈɜ:θ/ vt.挖掘，发掘（=dig up） 构词法 前缀un- 置于动词前时表示相反的动作。如：unlock（开锁），unpack （从……中取出）等。 兵马俑 来参观兵马俑吧:公元前三世纪制作的8 000多座俑像，守护着中国秦始皇的陵墓!每个俑像的相貌都不相同，这让研究人员认为每座俑像都模仿了一名真实士兵的形象。 这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。当时，70多万人花了近40年时间才建成这座陵墓。然而，直到1974年几位农民打井时（无意）发现了这座陵墓，现代人才知道了这座陵墓和这些陶俑! ( 知识解析 ) 1 credit 教材语境By credit card.用信用卡。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］赊欠,赊购；［U］信用，信誉 a credit card信用卡 on credit 赊账 gain/lose credit 取得/失去信用 It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.在这个商店中你用现金或信用卡支付都可以。 Value our credit.When you lose credit,it will be hard to gain.重视我们的信用，当你失去信用时,它将很难获得。 （2）n.［U］认可，赞扬，称赞 give sb.credit for…为……而称赞某人；相信某人有（某种优点） to sb.'s credit 使某人值得赞扬 get/receive/take the credit for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事得到表扬 Tom was given huge credit for his team performing wonderfully.因为他的团队表现出色，汤姆受到了高度赞扬。 Much to his credit, he has grown to be a responsible person.特别值得赞扬的是，他已成长为一个有责任心的人。 I can't take all the credit for the victory because every player has tried their best.我不能把胜利都归功于自己，因为每个球员都尽了最大的努力。 1. your credit, you gave back the money you found; your honesty is admirable. 2.These scientists should be given credit their great achievements in this area. 2 detail 用法详解 detail n.［pl.］具体情况；［U］全部细节，详情；［C］细微之处 in detail详细地 go into detail（s）详细叙述,逐一说明 I hope you can talk to me about the details of your travelling plan for this vacation. 我希望你能和我谈谈你这个假期旅行计划的细节。 To help us solve this maths problem, our teacher explained every method in detail.为帮助我们解决这道数学题，我们老师详细地讲解了每一种方法。 I can't go into details. .about this thing now. It would take too long.我现在不能细说这件事。太费时间了。 相关词语积累 1.I'm really interested in all that you have said. Can we discuss it _________（详细地）? 2.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check ______________（所有的细节）. 3.The language of the book is vivid and amusing, which gives the readers _____________________（详细的描述）of the lifestyle in Britain. 3 check in 用法详解 （1）（在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到。为不及物 短语动词，若后跟宾语，应加上介词at。 Please check in an hour before the plane takes off.请在飞机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。 The first thing I did when I got to the hotel was to check in at the front desk. 我 到旅馆做的第一件事就是到前台办理登记手续。 （2）托运（行李）。为及物短语动词。 We checked in our luggage and went through to the waiting room.我们托运行李后直接进入了候机室。 相关词语积累： （1）check into（及物短语动词）登记入住（旅馆或私立医院） They arrived in Beijing at midnight and checked into Beijing Hotel.他们于午夜抵达北京并登记住进北京饭店。 （2）check out（of…）结账离开（旅馆等）；调查,核实 Guests must check out of their rooms by noon, or they will be charged for the day. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续， 否则将被收取全日费用。 The accountant checked out the bills and found them right．会计查对了账单，发现正确无误。 1.到达苏州之后，这些代表们在去会议中心之前，先去酒店办理了入住。 After arriving in Suzhou, the representatives first ___________________________________________________ before going to the conference centre. ②史密斯先生不在这儿。他今天早上退房了。 Mr Smith isn't here. ____________________________. 4 request 教材语境Special requests 特别要求 用法详解 （1）n.［C］请求，要求 I'm very glad to receive your e-mail. At your request, I'd like to tell you something about my school life. 很高兴收到你的邮件。应你的要求，我将告诉你一些关于我的学校生活的事情。（应用文写作之邮件开头语） You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.你可以和机器人谈话，问它问题，还可以要求它执行不同的任务。 特别提醒 request作名词时，相关的名词性从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略。 The teacher made a request that we all （should） attend（同位语从句） the lecture on time. 老师要求我们都要按时去听讲座。 （2）vt.（正式或礼貌地）请求，要求 To my surprise, he requested me to travel to Yunnan with him.=To my surprise, he requested that I （should） travel to Yunnan with him. 令我惊讶的是，他请求我和他一起去云南旅行。 It is requested that all students should make a plan for the next semester.每个学生都被要求为下个学期做计划。 1.I come here ___ the request of Mr Smith to help him finish the work. 2.The school requests that all the students _________________（wear） the school uniform on weekdays in school. 5 view 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 view n.［C］景色，风景,（尤指） 乡间美景; ［U，sing.］观看，视野 in view 在视线范围内 out of view不在视野中 come into view出现在视野中 have a good view of... 看得清…… view n.［C］（个人的）看法，意见，见解，态度 in one's view（ =in one's opinion）在某人看来 one’s view（s） on/about sth.某人关于某事的看法. take the view that（that 引导同位语从句）... 认为…… vt.观看；以……看待，把……视为 view sb./sth.as...（常用其被动形式sb./sth. is  viewed as... ）把某人/某物视为…… From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.从泰山顶上,你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。 The dove soon went out of view，but as we turned the corner，it came into view again.这只鸽子很快从视野中消失了，但当我们转过弯，它又出现在视野中。 Standing on the top of the building, you will have a really good view of the whole city.站在这座楼的楼顶，你会将整座城市尽收眼底。 In my view, travelling will make you more independent and confident.在我看来，旅行会使你更加独立和自信。 I take the view that everyone shall be responsible for their own actions.我认为每个人都应该对自己的行为负责。 The Great Wall is viewed as one of the must-see places of interest in the world. 长城被认为是世界上必游的名胜之一。 1.The holiday cottage（小别墅） soon came view as we approached the beach. 2.The kids' views_________ this book are different, but they're not afraid to express their own opinions. 3.The time spent in high school can be viewed a period when teens can learn, explore and prepare for the future higher education. 2.用view的相关短语完成句子 ①We should consider the plan again _________________________________（考虑到未来的发展）. ②Although the present isn't worth much, I value it very much.____________（在我看来），it's the thought that counts（重要）. 6 sight 教材语境I've heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can't wait to go. 我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待想去了。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 sight n. ［C］看见（或看得见）的事物， 景象，情景；［U］看见 catch sight of（突然）看见，瞥见 at the sight of一看见 lose sight of再也见不着；忽略，忘记 at first sight乍一看；初次见到 sight n.［pl.］风景，名胜 / n. ［U］视力；视力范围，视野 lose one's sight失明 in sight看得见,在视野内 out of （one's） sight在（某人的）视线外，在 （某人）看不见的地方 come into sight进入视野；出现 The boat offers enough time for tourists to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of the journey.客轮为游客们提供足够的时间来欣赏旅途中不断变化的景象和声音。 John was walking along the street when he suddenly caught sight of an old friend.约翰正沿着街道走，这时他突然看见一个老朋友。 We fell in love with the cottage at first sight.我们一见到那个乡间小屋就爱上它了。 I've heard that you toured the beautiful sights of the West Lake while you stayed in China.我听说你在中国期间游览了西湖美景。 Out of sight,out of mind.［谚］眼不见，心不烦。 The street was so quiet, with no one in sight.街上静悄悄的，一个人也没有。 The castle was out of sight as we turned the corner.我们拐了个弯，城堡就看不见了。 When the magnificent architecture came into sight, the tourists all held their breath. 当这座宏伟的建筑出现在眼前时，游客都屏住了呼吸。 1.语法填空 We are going to Paris for the weekend to see the_______（sight）.sights 2.用sight的相关短语完成句子 1.As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses ________________（进入眼帘）. 2.As we climbed up the top of the mountain, we _______________________（突然看到了一条河） . 3.The crowd cheered__________________________（一看到这位赛跑选手）, who was reported to have broken the world record. 4.At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________（看不见）. 5.I think a point that many people _____________（忽略）is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule. 7 comment 教材语境Revise your draft according to your partner's comments. 根据同伴的意见修改草稿。 用法详解 （1）n.［C,U］ 意见，评论，议论，解释 make comments/a comment on/about… 对……发表评论 It is impolite to make mean comments on a person's appearance.对一个人的外貌作刻薄的评价是不礼貌的。 （2）vi.& vt.发表意见，评论 comment on/upon…评论…… comment that…评论…… Ann felt she couldn't comment on their decision，not knowing the whole course.不知道整个过程，安觉得她不能评论他们的决定。 John commented that the two essays were rather similar.约翰评论说这两篇文章颇为相似。 1.I think there is no need for us to comment_________his action—it speaks for itself. 2.My writing teacher always gives me suggestions and comments _________ my essays, which helps me improve my writing skills. 8 动词-ing（短语/结构）作结果状语 教材语境Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 每个俑像的相貌都不相同，这让研究人员认为每座俑像都模仿了一名真实士兵的形象。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 语法含义 表示自然而然或意料之中的结果，其前有时可加thus以示强调。 时态特征 其表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此作结果状语的动词-ing（短语/结构）用一般式。 逻辑主语 既可以是句子的主语，也可以是其前的整个句子。当动词-ing（短语/结构）的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 位置 多位于句末，且其前多用逗号隔开。 I have a good command of English, enabling me to communicate with foreigners. 我精通英语,这使我能与外国人交流。 1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________（allow） more patients to be treated. 2.An ancient temple dating back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in fire,________（cause） concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. 9 which引导的非限制性定语从句 教材语境The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. 这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, 主句 which still has not been completely unearthed. which引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为the emperor's huge tomb 用法详解 意义 which引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 用法 which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是指物的单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或其中的一部分。 which引导非限制性定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，且不能省略。 注意 which引导非限制性定语从句时，不能换成that。 I decided to pay a visit to the Summer Palace, which my friend recommended to me（which指代the Summer Palace，which在从句中作宾语。）.我决定去参观颐和园，这是我朋友推荐给我的。 The manager said nothing, which made John nervous（which指代的是前面的整个主句，which在从句中作主语。）.经理什么也没说，这使约翰很紧张。 1.She and her family bicycle to work, _______ helps them keep fit. 2.Road accidents, _______ had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Last summer, we went 　　　　(徒步旅行) in the countryside.  2.China has made 　　　　(/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/) achievements in space technology in the past few years.  3.The editor 　　　　(评论)that it was an excellent article, and I agreed.  4.There are generally four blood 　　　　(类型): A, B, AB, and O.  二.单句语法填空 1.We can keep　　　　　contact with our family and friends with the help of the Internet.  2.We haven't yet been told 　　　　　(official) about the advanced course.   3.Poppy jumped with joy　　　　　the sight of the little dog.(2020浙江1月)  4.All　　　　　(apply) forms will be sent to the decision center for further research.  5.We are looking forward to 　　　　　(receive) acceptance in the meeting to be held next week.  6.If you want to do well in the final exam, you should spend more time　　　　　(prepare) for it.  7.—You are wanted on the phone, Ann!—OK, I 　　　　　(come).  8.Many a new house 　　　　　(build) at present in the disaster area.  9.　　　　　 is reported that the house price has been falling in recent years.  10.It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　　I first came across my new neighbors.  三.完成句子 1.我只是站在那里目送汽车,直到看不见为止。(sight) I just stood there and watched the car until　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.这对双胞胎迫不及待地把早餐端上楼,然后叫醒了他们的妈妈。(wait,carry) The twins 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the breakfast upstairs and then woke their mother up. 3.人们普遍认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。(recognise) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.  4.我们年轻的日子一去不复返了。(表语置于句首的完全倒装) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 when we were young.  5.他说得很清楚,因此每个人都理解了这个过程。(so that) He spoke very clearly, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the process.  6.我叔叔掌管这个俱乐部三年了。(一句多译,control) ①My uncle 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the club three years ago.  ②My uncle 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the club for three years.  ③The club 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　my uncle for three years. 四.课文语法填空 Dear Xiao Li, Everything is going well in China. My parents and I are planning to see the Terracotta Army in Xi'an over the October holiday. It is said that the Terracotta Army is an 　1　(amaze) attraction and I'm dying 　2　(go). To me, the story of the Terracotta Army is unbelievable. Surprisingly, there are more than 8,000 statues, and none of them 　3　(know) until the 1970s.   We're also planning to pay 　4　 visit to several other places in Xi'an. My dad and I have always been longing to visit the Shaanxi History Museum known 　5　 a “Chinese treasure house”. We're also going to the Xi'an City Wall 　6　 a few other famous 　7　(sight).   We're taking the train and leaving before the October holiday 　8　(begin). We're arriving at 9:30 a.m. and will start sightseeing immediately, so I hope we sleep 　9　(good)on the train!   That's all for now. Do you have any plans for 　10　(you)coming holiday?I hope to hear from you soon.  Your friend, Richard $$ Unit2 Travelling Around课文篇 Listening and Speaking ( 单词学习1 ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.on the coast of…在……海岸 2.narrow/ˈnærəʊ/ adj.狭窄的；勉强的，刚刚好的 3.flat/flæt/ adj.平坦的；扁平的 n.［C］公寓；单元房（英式英语） 4.powerful/ˈpaʊəfl/adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的 搭配 a powerful body 健壮的体魄 a powerful speech 有感染力的演讲 5.empire/ˈempaɪə（r）/ n.［C］帝国 形进emperor/ˈempərə（r）/n.［C］皇帝 6.now-famous site 现在著名的地点 site/saɪt/n.［C］地点；位置；现场 7.take control of控制；接管 8.rule 熟词生义 vt.& vi.统治，控制，支配 9.official/əˈfɪʃl/adj.官方的，正式的；公务的 n.［C］官员；要员 搭配 official language官方语言 ( 课文解析 ) 秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，由三个主要地区构成:狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区，安第斯山脉以及亚马孙热带雨林。 在15至16世纪期间，秘鲁曾是强大的古印加帝国的中心。印加帝王就住在现闻名于世的马丘比丘。西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。 正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 ( 单词学习2 ) 1.accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/n.［U］住处；停留处；［pl.］膳宿 派生构词 accommodate（vt.为……提供住宿）+-ion（名词后缀）→accommodation（n.） 2.unique/juˈni:k/ adj.特有的；独特的；唯一的 搭配 be unique to…是……特有的 a（注意冠词） unique way 一个独特的方法 3.path/pɑ:θ/n.［C］小路；路线，道路 4.on the way to…在前往……的路上 拓展 on the way home/here/there 在回家/来这里/去那里的路上 5.cut sth. to size把某物切割成所需的大小 6.other than（常用于否定句）除……以外 辨析 rather than 而不是 7.fit 熟词生义 n.［C］匹配，相配 8.admire/ədˈmaɪə（r）/ vt.钦佩；赞赏 9.architecture/ˈɑ:kɪtektʃə（r）/n.［U］建筑设计；建筑学 architect/ˈɑ:kɪtekt/n.［C］建筑师 10.connect…to/with… 连接……和…… 11.water plants 水生植物 12.centuries-old adj.上百年的，历史悠久的 构词法 "名词+形容词"构成的复合形容词。常见的还有：worldwide（世界各地的），lifelong（终生的）等。 the centuries-old paper cutting历史悠久的剪纸艺术 13.package tours包价旅游 package/ˈpækɪdʒ/n.［C］包价（旅游）；（必须整体接收的）一套东西；包裹；包装盒 vt.将……包装好 14.contact/ˈkɒntækt/ vt.联络；联系 n.［U］联系；接触 ( 课文解析2 ) 亚马孙热带雨林之旅 在库斯科搭乘短程航班会让您从安第斯山脉飞抵亚马孙热带雨林。您将从那儿乘一天的船前往雨林深处的住宿地。在接下来的三天里， 您可以在当地导游的陪同下，深入雨林进行探索，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。 马丘比丘之旅 在这四天的徒步旅行中，您将沿着奇妙的山径，在安第斯山脉中穿行，直抵马丘比丘市。到达目的地之后，您将有一天的时间来探索这座令人叹为观止的古城。尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。 库斯科之旅 在位于安第斯山脉上的库斯科游玩四天，尽享独特的西班牙与当地印第安文化。库斯科从13世纪至16世纪是印加帝国的首都。您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物、享受当地的美味佳肴，并在当地集市购物。 的的喀喀湖之旅 沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新建公路，驱车行驶一日， 全程饱览乡村美景。湖畔将有小船把您送至岛屿上的当地乌鲁斯家庭，共度三日（美好时光）。岛屿和乌鲁斯人的住房都是利用湖中的水生植物建造而成的。 欢迎您来体验秘鲁的万种风情:这里既有古印加文化和数百年历史的西班牙村庄，也有茂密的雨林、雄伟的山脉和美丽的海岸线。 如需更多关于秘鲁其他旅游套餐的宣传册，请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.org与我们联系。 文化百科 1.库斯科（Cusco）位于秘鲁南部。库斯科古城气候宜人，崇山峻岭和葱郁的林木围绕在城市的四周，因而又有"安第斯山王冠上的明珠"的美称。 2.马丘比丘（Machu Picchu），秘鲁著名的印加帝国古城遗迹，大约建于公元15世纪。这一遗迹于1983年被联合国教科文组织定为世界遗产，是世界上为数不多的文化与自然双重遗产之一。 3.的的喀喀湖（Lake Titicaca）是南美洲第三大湖，是南美洲地势最高的淡水湖。的的喀喀湖四周雪峰环抱，湖水不断得到高山冰雪融水的补充，故而湖水不咸。 1.rainforest2.Andes Mountains3.Cusco Tour4.connecting 1.the Inca civilisation 印加文明 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.［U］文明；文明世界注意 在美式英语中，拼法为civilization。 2.be made up of 意为"由……组成/构成"。 详见P094 3.soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə（r）/ n. ［C］士兵 4.transport /ˈtrænspɔ:t/ n.［U］旅行方式；交通运输系统（英式英语，美式英语中通常为transportation） 5.hike/haɪk/vi.徒步旅行；vt.& vi.去……远足 n.［C］远足； 徒步旅行 go hiking去远足 库斯科是一个深受游客欢迎的目的地，这是由于其在南美洲历史上的特殊地位。直到16世纪，库斯科都是南美洲最强大的帝国——印加帝国的首都。印加文明有两件特别有趣的东西令人钦佩。一是他们修建的连通重要城市的道路和小径。这些印加道路由两条南北走向的公路和许多由东向西穿过山脉的小路组成。这些道路（当时）是为印加士兵以及他们的官员修建的。二是在印加人的城市里，琳琅满目的建筑令人赞叹不已，但是这些城市里却没有集市。其中一个有趣的历史问题是：印加人在不购物的情况下是如何生活的！ ( 知识解析 ) 1 apply 教材语境 apply for a visa申请签证 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 apply vi.& vt.申请,请求 apply （to sb./sth.） for... （向某人/某物）申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 vt.应用, 使用；努力学习，勤奋工作 apply sth. to（to均为介词） sth. 把某物应用于某事 apply oneself/one's mind to （doing） sth.致力于/专心于（做）某事 vt. 涂，敷，施 / I am writing to apply to our school English club for the post of editor.我写信向我们学校英语社团申请编辑这个职位。 I applied to become a volunteer at the Olympic Games. 我申请在奥运会上做一名志愿者。 We should apply what we learn in class to our future jobs and life.我们应该将课堂上学到的内容运用到我们未来的工作和生活中。 I must apply myself to studying so as to make my dream come true. 为了实现我的梦想，我必须专心学习。 Remember to apply this cream to the cut three times a day. 记住把这种药膏涂在伤口上，一天涂三次。 相关词语积累： The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job. 申请人如果想申请这份工作,就必须先上交他们的申请书。 1.The person who wants to apply ________（join） the organization will be expected to have a good knowledge of English. 2.We should apply theory practice; otherwise, it is of no use. 3.To my delight（高兴）, I was chosen from hundreds of ___________（apply） to attend the opening ceremony. 4.I am so sorry to inform you that your ___________（apply） for this job is turned down due to lack of related information. 1.to join 2.to 3.applicants 4.application 2 pack 教材语境pack some clothes打包一些衣服 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 pack vi.& vt.收拾（行李）; vt.打包，包装 pack （sth.） up把（某物）打包，把（某物）装箱 vi.& vt. 挤进，涌进；塞满，挤满 pack （into）...挤满/进…… pack someplace with...……挤满/进某地 n.［C］ （商品的）纸包, 纸袋；一包；全套东西；一群；一帮 a pack of一盒；一包；一群；一帮 in packs成群地 Mr Li packed up and headed for Beijing, where he had applied for a job. 李先生收拾行李，前往北京，在那里他申请了一份工作。 Lily had her luggage packed and got prepared to go camping with her parents. 莉莉打包好了行李，准备和她的父母一起去露营。 Packed with. .tourists from home and abroad, the Forbidden City comes alive. 挤满了来自国内外的游客，故宫热闹了起来。 The club will send a free information pack. 这家俱乐部会邮寄一个免费资料包。 We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. 我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。 1.__________________（一群游客） were anxious to reach the destination before lunchtime. 2.Tim was busy ______________________（整理衣服） as he was leaving that night. 3.The stadium _____________________（挤满了歌迷） to see the famous singer. 1.A pack of tourists 2.packing up his clothes 3.was packed with fans 3 amazing 教材语境Why famous: amazing waterfalls... 为什么著名：令人惊叹的瀑布…… 用法详解 amazing（在句中可作表语、定语或补语，用来说明主语或所修饰词的特征。） adj.令人大为惊奇的，（尤指）令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的 It is amazing that quite a few German travellers are interested in Chinese food. 令人惊奇的是，很多德国旅客对中国饮食很感兴趣。 If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety. 你如果到中国来游览，将会体验到一种有着惊人深度和多样性的文化。 相关词语积累： 语境串记 The amazement on Ann's face showed that she was amazed at the result of the experiment, which her teacher also thought amazing. 安脸上的惊诧表明她对实验的结果感到惊讶，她的老师也觉得这个结果令人吃惊。 用amaze的适当形式填空 1.After-school activities offer an _________ opportunity to students to improve themselves. 2.The audience were ________ by the speaker's_________performance on the stage. 1.amazing 2.amazed，amazing 4 arrangement 教材语境 Actually, I've just finished the travel arrangements！ 实际上，我刚刚完成了旅行安排！ 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 arrangement n.［C］ 安排，筹备（通常用复数形式） make arrangements （for…） （为……）做安排 n. ［C］ 布置，安排方式（常用复数形式） / n.［C,U］ 商定，约定 come to an arrangement达成协议 If you make unrealistic arrangements for your study，it may be hard for you to make progress.你如果制订不切实际的学习计划，可能很难取得进步。 The airport is currently reviewing its new security arrangements. 机场目前正在检查新的安保措施。 The two countries come to an arrangement over the peace and development.两国就和平与发展问题达成一项协议。 相关词语积累： I'm very glad to tell you that my class has arranged （for） a visit to a nursing home to see the old people.我非常高兴地告诉你，我们班安排了去养老院看望老人。 The principal arranged for several students to take the guests around.校长安排了几个学生带着客人们四处转转。 1.Without hesitation（犹豫）, I decided to join in this event and made my travel ______________（arrange） for Beijing immediately. 2.Before I set off on the trip to New York, I had made arrangements ____ the repair work. 3.I arranged _________ （meet） Jane after work last night but she didn't turn up. 4.The big party which ____________（arrange） for exchange students is going to be held tomorrow. 1.arrangements 2.for 3.to meet 4.is arranged 5 recognise 教材语境Recognise text type 辨别文章类型 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 recognise （NAmE  recognize） vt.辨别出，认出 recognise one's voice 辨别出某人的声音 recognise sb./sth. by/from... 通过……认出某人/某物 vt.意识到，承认 recognise that/what/how... 意识到/承认…… It is recognised that... 人们意识到…… vt.（正式）认可，接受，赞 成；赏识，公认 be recognised as... 被认为是……；被称赞是……；被公认是…… Sorry, Miss Smith. I failed to recognise your voice on the phone at first.对不起，史密斯小姐。我起初在电话里没有听出你的声音。 The moment I saw him in the street, I recognised him by the way he walked.我在街上一看见他，就从他走路的样子认出了他。 They started talking and quickly recognised how much they had in common.他们开始交谈起来，很快就意识到彼此间有那么多共同点。 Lu Xun is recognised as one of the greatest writers in modern literature.鲁迅被认为是现代文学中最伟大的作家之一。 熟词生义 The firefighter was recognised for having saved many lives in this rescue task.vt. 表扬，表彰 相关词语积累： 1.Though we haven't seen each other for years，I _________________________________（通过他的声音认出他）. 2.____________________（人们意识到） it is time to protect the environment from being polluted. 3.Anne _____________________________________________（被公认是最努力的学生） in our class. 1.recognised him by/from his voice 2.It is recognised that 3.is recognised as the most hard-working student 6 narrow 教材语境 ...narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast... ……狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区…… 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 narrow adj.狭窄的［（反义词） broad adj. 宽阔的］ / adj.勉强的，刚刚好的 a narrow escape死里逃生，险些遇险 a narrow victory险胜 vt.& vi.（使）变窄；（使）缩小 narrow the gap between...and...缩小……与……之间的差距/隔阂 The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass.这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。 He had a narrow escape when a large stone rolled down from the hill suddenly.一块大石头突然从山上滚下来，他险些被砸到。 She won a narrow victory over her great competitor in the tennis competition. 她在那次网球赛中险胜了她的强大对手。 New tax laws will narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. 新税法将会缩小贫富差距。 相关词语积累： narrowly adv.勉强地,以毫厘之差 narrow-minded adj.心胸狭窄的 He was narrowly hit by a bus when he was turning to the left. 向左转弯时，他险些被一辆公共汽车撞到。 7 take control of 教材语境Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. 西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。 用法详解 take（可用get/gain替换） control of意为"控制；接管"， 常用人作主语。 Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning rather than depending on the teacher. 学生们被鼓励自主学习，而不是依靠老师。 Mr Green's leading teaching ability is the reason why he is chosen to take control of the class.格林先生教学能力一流，这就是为什么他会被选来接管这个班级。 与control相关的其他短语： 用control的相关短语完成句子 1.如果我让恐惧控制了自己，我将一事无成。 If I let fear _____________________________, I will achieve nothing. 2.那个司机的车失去了控制，撞到了一棵大树上。 The driver ______________ his car and it knocked into a big tree. 3.史密斯先生掌管公司。也就是说，公司在他的掌管之下。 Mr Smith is _____________ the company. That is to say, the company is _________________him. 1.take/gain/get control of myself 2.lost control of 3.in control of，in the control of 8 admire 教材语境Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture… 您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物…… 用法详解 （1）vt.欣赏 admire the scenery/the moon欣赏风景/赏月 Travelling provides me with a chance to admire the scenery along the way. 旅行给了我一个欣赏沿途风景的机会。 During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 中秋节期间，家人经常聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。 （2）vt.钦佩，仰慕，赞赏 admire sb.for （doing） sth.因（做）某事而钦佩/赞赏某人 We admire him for the way in which he faces difficulties.我们钦佩他面对困难所采取的方式。 相关词语积累: 语境串记 These admirers admire the famous pianist Alan for his excellent performance, and to express their admiration for him, some of them set up a charity named after him. 这些仰慕者因为著名钢琴家艾伦出色的表演而钦佩他。为 了表达对他的钦佩之情，一些仰慕者成立了一个以他命名的慈善机构。 1.Professor Wang is much admired her research on modern art. 2.We all show ___________（admire）for the organization, which works to build a better future for children. 3.Jack has been admitted（录取） into a key university, which is __________（admire）. 4.There are many _________ （admire） of the famous novelist around the world. 1.for 2.admiration 3.admirable 4.admirers 9 contact 教材语境...contact. .us at tourinfo@travelperu.org. ……请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.org与我们联系。 用法详解 （1）vt.（通过信件或电话等）联络，联系 We forgot to exchange numbers—now we can't contact each other. 我们忘记交换电话号码了。现在我们联系不到对方。 （2）n.［U］联系；接触 make contact with sb.与某人取得联系 keep/stay in contact with sb.与某人保持联系 be in contact with sb.与某人有联系 lose contact with sb.与某人失去联系 eye contact目光接触 The Internet makes it easier for us to make contact with our family while travelling around.互联网使我们在旅行时与家人联系更加容易。 I have been in contact with Lily since we first met in an English club last year. 自去年我们在英语俱乐部第一次见面以来，我就一直和莉莉有联系。 I have lost contact with Paul since we graduated from high school. 自从我们高中毕业后，我就和保罗失去了联系。 1.Please do not hesitate to ____________（与我联系） if you have any problems. 2.After ______________（失去联系） for almost twenty years，they met by accident at a party,so they _____________________________（和彼此取得联系） again. 3.I try to _____________________________________________（与我的童年朋友保持联系）, even though we live in different cities now. 1.contact me 2.losing contact 3.made contact with each other 4.keep/stay in contact with my childhood friends 10 be made up of 教材语境These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and... 这些印加道路由两条南北走向的公路和……组成。 用法详解 be made up of 意为"由……组成/构成"，其用法为： （1）其主语为表示整体的人或事物，即整体由部分组成。 （2）其主动形式make up意为"组成,构成"，其主语为表示部分的人或事物，即部分构成整体。 The city is made up of different neighborhoods, each with a unique architectural style. 这座城市由不同的街区组成，每个街区都有独特的建筑风格。 这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。 Three doctors and seven nurses make up the medical team now. The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses now. 归纳拓展 make构成的其他短语： make up构成；化妆；编造 make up one's mind 下定决心 make use of 利用make it获得成功；渡过难关 make the most of充分利用；尽情享受 语境串记I always found it hard to understand what the math teacher taught in class, but I made up my mind to make a change and made use of my spare time to make progress with my friend's help.我总是觉得课堂上很难听懂数学老师教的内容，但是在朋友的帮助下，我下定决心要作出改变，利用空闲时间去取得进步。 用make的相关短语完成句子 1.Cultural activities __________（构成） an important part of the Olympic Games. 2.Facing two offers，I haven't ___________________（下定决心） about which one to choose. 3.We should _____________（利用） our free time to take up hobbies and make friends with people who share the same interest with us. 4.When you are faced with difficulties, see them as chances to improve yourself and keep trying, and you'll _________（获得成功）. 1.make up 2.made up my mind 3.make use of 4.make it 11 强调句型 教材语境It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 句式剖析 本句是强调句型，强调的是原因状语for this reason。 用法详解 强调句型 基本结构 It+is/was+被强调部分+that+其他. 注意事项 可强调句子的主语、宾语、表语或状语等，不能强调谓语。 强调句型中的It本身没有意义，但不能用其他词代替。 被强调部分指人时用that或who均可，其他情况通常用that。 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It后的be动词均用单数形式。be动词根据时态选用is或was。 John bought the book in this shop yesterday. 昨天约翰在这家商店买了这本书。 It was John（强调主语John） that bought the book in this shop yesterday. It was the book（强调宾语the book） that John bought in this shop yesterday. It was in this shop（强调地点状语in this shop） that John bought the book yesterday. It was yesterday（强调时间状语yesterday） that John bought the book in this shop. 特别提醒 判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法：去掉It is/was与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句，否则不是。 It was at midnight that I got here yesterday.（这里把It was 和that去掉后, 句子为:I got here at midnight yesterday.句意完整， 符合语法结构，故是强调句。） 1. was her selfless support that helped us get through the crisis quickly. 2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 3.It was my sister _________ helped me out when I was in trouble. 1.It 2.that 3.that/who 12 表语提前引起的全部倒装 教材语境①Below are two texts about Peru.以下是关于秘鲁的两篇短文。 ②Especially amazing is the Incas' dry stone method of building. 尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。 用法详解 为保持句子平衡（主语较长）或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装，即可把作表语的形容词、副词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和系动词倒装。 Present at the meeting were the teachers and the students' parents. 出席会议的有老师和学生家长。 Among the guests were Dr. Smith and his children.客人中有史密斯博士和他的孩子们。 1.语法填空 On both sides of the road （be） beautiful flowers now. 2.句式升级（倒装） Kevin was surprised when he heard the news. 1.are 2.Surprised was Kevin when he heard the news. 13 so that引导的结果状语从句 教材语境Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。 用法详解 so that引导结果状语从句时，意为"因此，结果"。 The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to be put off until the next month.大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。 While walking, John checked his smartphone, so that he knocked into a tree. 约翰走路时看手机，结果撞到一棵树上了。 14.as引导的时间状语从句，动词-ing短语作后置定语 教材语境Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. 沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新建公路，驱车行驶一日，全程饱览乡村美景。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： Enjoy the beautiful countryside（主句） as you… new highway （connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca）（动词-ing短语作后置定语）.（as引导的时间状语从句） as引导的时间状语从句 用法详解 as引导时间状语从句时，意为"随着，当……时"，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 特别提醒as意为"随着"时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。试比较： 随着时间的流逝，他的记忆力似乎越来越差。 As time goes by, his memory seems to get worse. With time going by, his memory seems to get worse. 动词-ing短语作后置定语 用法详解 动词-ing短语作后置定语时，表示被修饰名词的动作与特征，通常位于被 修饰词之后。动词-ing短语作后置定语（以do为例）的一般用法如下： 形式 doing being done 意义 表示正在进行的主动动作或被修饰词当时所处的状态 表示正在进行的被动动作 扩展成定语从句 关系代词+do的适当形式+其他 关系代词+be动词+being done+其他 The park is full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine（=who enjoy themselves in the sunshine）.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。 The meeting being held in the room now（=that/which is being held in the room now） is of great importance.这个房间里现在正进行的会议很重要。 A man respecting others（=who respects others） will be respected. 敬人者，人敬之。 语法填空 1.Last night, there were millions of people __________（watch） the opening ceremony（仪式） live on TV. 2.My heart breaks at the thought of some of our irreplaceable heritage __________（lose） forever. 3.When we got a call _______（say） she was short-listed（将……列入决选名单），we thought it was a joke. 1.watching 2.being lost 3.saying ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.At last, after twenty hours on the boat, the travellers arrived at their d　　　　.  2.Which kind of public t　　　　 do you prefer to take:a bus or a train?  3.When in junior high school, we often 　　　　(联系)each other and did our homework together.  4.It was the adventure I had always dreamed of, so I 　　　　(收拾) my bags and set out immediately.  1.destination　2.transport　3.contacted　4.packed 二.单句语法填空 1.As we all know, the ancient garden is unique 　　　　　China.   2.They are making 　　　　　(arrange) for their daughter's wedding.   3.She won the 　　　　　(admire)of many people in her battle against cancer.   4.The expert's research findings received popular 　　　　  (recognise).   5.The meeting has lasted for three days, but we haven't heard the　　 　  (office)decision.   6.When I began my senior high school, I found it 　　　　　(extreme) difficult to learn English well.  7.The final score of the basketball match was 93∶94. We were only beaten 　　　　　(narrow).  8.We were so　　　　　(amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders. 9.As you know, Julia 　　　　　(leave) soon. If you set out for the airport right now, you can see her off.  10.He worked hard at his lessons 　　　　　that he gained good grades in the exams.  1.to　考查介词。be unique to...表示“是……特有的/独有的”。这里指“古代园林是中国独有的”。故填to。 2.arrangements　考查名词及其复数形式。make arrangements for...意为“为……做安排”。故填arrangements。 3.admiration　考查名词。根据设空处前面的the和设空处后面的of可知,设空处应填一个名词。故填admiration。win the admiration of...意为“赢得……的钦佩”。 4.recognition　考查名词。设空处作received的宾语且根据设空处前面的popular可知,设空处应为名词,故填recognition,意为“认可”。popular recognition表示“普遍的认可”。 5.official　考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the和后面的名词decision可知,设空处应填一个形容词,故填official。the official decision意为“官方的决定”。 6.extremely　考查副词。设空处与前后文构成“found+形式宾语(it)+宾补(中心词为difficult)+真正的宾语(不定式to learn...)”。此处表示“我发现学好英语非常难”。故设空处应用副词来修饰形容词difficult,表示程度,故填extremely。 7.narrowly　考查副词。根据设空处前面的were only beaten可知,设空处应用一个副词作状语。故填narrowly, 意为“勉强地;以毫厘之差”。 8.amazed　考查形容词。根据设空处前面的We were可知此处应用以“⁃ed”结尾的形容词作表语,表示“(感到)惊讶的”。故填amazed。句中的so作副词,意为“很;非常”,that引导的是宾语从句。句意:我们非常惊讶,他们能在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民待的时间长得多。 9.is leaving　考查现在进行时。句意:如你所知,朱莉娅马上就要走了。如果你现在出发去机场,你可以给她送行。此处表示即将、马上要做的事情,应用现在进行时。主语为第三人称单数,故填is leaving。 10.so　考查so that引导结果状语从句。句意:他努力学习功课,所以在考试中取得了好成绩。so that引导结果状语从句,意为“因此;所以”。故填so。 三.选词填空 other than; take control of; be made up of 　　Bob is very popular in the school. He 1.　　　　　　 the school football team last month, which 2.　　　　　　 23 members. 3.　　　　　　 that, he is the chairman of the student union. He is so excellent that many students follow his example.  1.took control of　2.is made up of　3.Other than 四.完成句子 1.许多毕业生都向华为公司申请了这个职位,但只有少数人通过了面试。(apply) Many graduates　　　　 　　　　 HUAWEI 　　　　the position, but only a few passed the interview.  2.All the teachers and students were present at the activity.(句式升级;完全倒装) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　all the teachers and students.  3.You shared so many interesting things about your country at the cultural festival.(句式升级;强调句型) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　 you shared so many interesting things about your country. 1.applied to;for　2.Present at the activity were　3.It was at the cultural festival that 五.课文语法填空 Peru is a country in South America facing the Pacific Ocean. It consists　1　three parts: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.   Spanish is the main official language of Peru. It is because Peru　2　(rule) by Spain from the 16th century to 1821. But before that, Peru was the centre of the ancient Inca Empire, and 　3　(it)emperor lived in what is now known as the site Machu Picchu.   Peru is 　4　amazing destination with something for tourists. Here　5　(be) four magical tours.   In the Amazon Rainforest Tour, you can first take a short flight into the Amazon rainforest and then travel for a day to your　6　(accommodate) by boat. In the following three days, you can explore the unique rainforest with a local guide. In the Machu Picchu Tour, you can go on a four⁃day hike through the Andes Mountains to the city of Machu Picchu. After　7　(explore) the ancient city, you will find it very amazing,　8　(especial) the Incas' dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones so exactly　9　nothing was needed to hold walls together. In the Cusco Tour, it takes you four days to enjoy the Spanish and local Indian culture. In the Lake Titicaca Tour, you will have a chance　10　 (stay)with a local Uros family for three days.   1.of　考查介词。consist of...为固定短语,意为“由……组成”。故填 of。 2.was ruled　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据from the 16th century to 1821可知这里指发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时;且Peru 与rule之间是被动关系, 表示“秘鲁被西班牙统治”,故用被动语态。Peru为单数意义,故填was ruled。 3.its　考查代词。设空处后面为名词emperor,设空处提示词为it,应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词emperor,表示“它的皇帝”。 4.an　考查冠词。设空处前面为系动词is,后面为“形容词+名词”构成的名词短语,destination为可数名词单数,故填冠词构成“冠词+形容词+名词”形式的名词短语,作表语。amazing以元音音素开头,故填an。 5.are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知这里应用一般现在时;设空处前为副词Here,位于句首,设空处是谓语动词,主语是four magical tours,由此可推知,这是一个完全倒装句,谓语动词要与主语保持一致,所以应用复数are。 6.accommodation　考查名词。根据设空处前的形容词性物主代词your可知,设空处应填名词表示“住处”。故填 accommodation(表示“住处”时为不可数名词)。 7.exploring　考查动名词。根据设空处前的介词After可知,设空处应用动名词形式,故填exploring。 类比启发　在语法填空中,当设空处位于介词后,提示词为动词时,通常填动名词(动词的⁃ing形式)或名词。 8.especially　考查副词。此处指“尤其是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建筑方法”。设空处应用副词especially表示强调,意为“尤其”。 9.that　考查连词。设空处后面的部分结构完整,不缺成分,设空处前面为“so+副词”,故判断此处为so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构。此处指印加的建筑工人把石头切割得非常精确,以至于不需要任何东西来把墙固定在一起。 10.to stay　考查不定式。have a chance to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”。 ( 课文解析 ) 1.go well 进展顺利 2.sight/saɪt/n.［C］景象，情景 the sights and sounds of… ……的情景 3.unbelievable/ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl/ adj.难以置信的 派生构词 un-（否定前缀）+believ（e）+-able（形容词后缀）→unbelievable （adj.） 4.statue /ˈstætʃu:/n.［C］雕塑，雕像 5.be known as…作为……而闻名 （=be famous as...） 拓展 be known/famous for…因……而闻名 be known to sb.为某人所熟知 6.treasure house n.［C］宝库，宝地 7.sightseeing /ˈsaɪtsi:ɪŋ/ n.［U］观光，游览 派生构词 sightsee（v.观光）+-ing→sightseeing（n.） go sightseeing 去观光 8.right away立刻，马上 同义immediately/at once/right now/in no time 亲爱的肖莉: 我在中国一切都好。 我喜欢我的新学校和新同学。十月放假期间， 我和父母打算去西安参观兵马俑。我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待想去了。对我来说，兵马俑的故事简直令人难以置信。那里有8 000多座俑像，直到20世纪70年代才为现代人所知，这真是非常神奇。 我们还计划游览西安的其他景点。爸爸和我都期待着参观陕西历史博物馆，因为我爸爸热爱历史，而且我听说这家博物馆被誉为"华夏宝库"!我们还打算游览西安城墙和其他一些著名景点。 我们打算坐火车，在十月假期开始的前一天出发。 上午9:30到达西安之后，我们马上就开始观光，但愿我们能在火车上睡个好觉! 我想今天就写到这里吧!我很快会再给你写信和发照片的!你对即将到来的假期有什么安排吗?期待快点收到你的来信。 你的朋友， 理查德 文化百科 1.兵马俑 1974年3月，临潼县西杨村几个村民在打井时发现几个破碎的用泥土烧制的与真人一样大小的陶俑，经陕西省考古队勘探和试掘，兵马俑重见天日。 1987年，秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑被联合国教科文组织批准列入《世界遗产名录》，并被誉为"世界第八大奇迹"。 2.陕西历史博物馆 陕西历史博物馆，中国第一座大型现代化国家级博物馆，被誉为"古都明珠，华夏宝库"。馆藏文物上起远古人类初始阶段使用的简单石器，下至1840年前社会生活中的各类器物，时间跨度长达一百多万年。 3.西安城墙 西安城墙一般特指西安明城墙，是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣。 1.BCE abbr.公元前 拓展 CE abbr.公元 in the third century BCE 在公元前3世纪 in the fifth century CE 公元5世纪 2. lead sb. to do sth.使得/导致某人做某事 3. tomb /tu:m/ n.［C］坟墓 4. unearth /ʌnˈɜ:θ/ vt.挖掘，发掘（=dig up） 构词法 前缀un- 置于动词前时表示相反的动作。如：unlock（开锁），unpack （从……中取出）等。 兵马俑 来参观兵马俑吧:公元前三世纪制作的8 000多座俑像，守护着中国秦始皇的陵墓!每个俑像的相貌都不相同，这让研究人员认为每座俑像都模仿了一名真实士兵的形象。 这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。当时，70多万人花了近40年时间才建成这座陵墓。然而，直到1974年几位农民打井时（无意）发现了这座陵墓，现代人才知道了这座陵墓和这些陶俑! ( 知识解析 ) 1 credit 教材语境By credit card.用信用卡。 用法详解 （1）n.［U］赊欠,赊购；［U］信用，信誉 a credit card信用卡 on credit 赊账 gain/lose credit 取得/失去信用 It doesn't matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.在这个商店中你用现金或信用卡支付都可以。 Value our credit.When you lose credit,it will be hard to gain.重视我们的信用，当你失去信用时,它将很难获得。 （2）n.［U］认可，赞扬，称赞 give sb.credit for…为……而称赞某人；相信某人有（某种优点） to sb.'s credit 使某人值得赞扬 get/receive/take the credit for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事得到表扬 Tom was given huge credit for his team performing wonderfully.因为他的团队表现出色，汤姆受到了高度赞扬。 Much to his credit, he has grown to be a responsible person.特别值得赞扬的是，他已成长为一个有责任心的人。 I can't take all the credit for the victory because every player has tried their best.我不能把胜利都归功于自己，因为每个球员都尽了最大的努力。 1. your credit, you gave back the money you found; your honesty is admirable. ②These scientists should be given credit their great achievements in this area. 1.To 2.for 2 detail 用法详解 detail n.［pl.］具体情况；［U］全部细节，详情；［C］细微之处 in detail详细地 go into detail（s）详细叙述,逐一说明 I hope you can talk to me about the details of your travelling plan for this vacation. 我希望你能和我谈谈你这个假期旅行计划的细节。 To help us solve this maths problem, our teacher explained every method in detail.为帮助我们解决这道数学题，我们老师详细地讲解了每一种方法。 I can't go into details. .about this thing now. It would take too long.我现在不能细说这件事。太费时间了。 相关词语积累 1.I'm really interested in all that you have said. Can we discuss it _________（详细地）? 2.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check ______________（所有的细节）. 3.The language of the book is vivid and amusing, which gives the readers _____________________（详细的描述）of the lifestyle in Britain. 1.in detail 2.all the details 3.a detailed description 3 check in 用法详解 （1）（在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到。为不及物 短语动词，若后跟宾语，应加上介词at。 Please check in an hour before the plane takes off.请在飞机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。 The first thing I did when I got to the hotel was to check in at the front desk. 我 到旅馆做的第一件事就是到前台办理登记手续。 （2）托运（行李）。为及物短语动词。 We checked in our luggage and went through to the waiting room.我们托运行李后直接进入了候机室。 相关词语积累： （1）check into（及物短语动词）登记入住（旅馆或私立医院） They arrived in Beijing at midnight and checked into Beijing Hotel.他们于午夜抵达北京并登记住进北京饭店。 （2）check out（of…）结账离开（旅馆等）；调查,核实 Guests must check out of their rooms by noon, or they will be charged for the day. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续， 否则将被收取全日费用。 The accountant checked out the bills and found them right．会计查对了账单，发现正确无误。 1.到达苏州之后，这些代表们在去会议中心之前，先去酒店办理了入住。 After arriving in Suzhou, the representatives first ___________________________________________________ before going to the conference centre. ②史密斯先生不在这儿。他今天早上退房了。 Mr Smith isn't here. ____________________________. 1.checked in at the hotel或checked into the hotel 2.He checked out this morning 4 request 教材语境Special requests 特别要求 用法详解 （1）n.［C］请求，要求 I'm very glad to receive your e-mail. At your request, I'd like to tell you something about my school life. 很高兴收到你的邮件。应你的要求，我将告诉你一些关于我的学校生活的事情。（应用文写作之邮件开头语） You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.你可以和机器人谈话，问它问题，还可以要求它执行不同的任务。 特别提醒 request作名词时，相关的名词性从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略。 The teacher made a request that we all （should） attend（同位语从句） the lecture on time. 老师要求我们都要按时去听讲座。 （2）vt.（正式或礼貌地）请求，要求 To my surprise, he requested me to travel to Yunnan with him.=To my surprise, he requested that I （should） travel to Yunnan with him. 令我惊讶的是，他请求我和他一起去云南旅行。 It is requested that all students should make a plan for the next semester.每个学生都被要求为下个学期做计划。 1.I come here ___ the request of Mr Smith to help him finish the work. 2.The school requests that all the students _________________（wear） the school uniform on weekdays in school. 1.at 2.（should） wear 5 view 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 view n.［C］景色，风景,（尤指） 乡间美景; ［U，sing.］观看，视野 in view 在视线范围内 out of view不在视野中 come into view出现在视野中 have a good view of... 看得清…… view n.［C］（个人的）看法，意见，见解，态度 in one's view（ =in one's opinion）在某人看来 one’s view（s） on/about sth.某人关于某事的看法. take the view that（that 引导同位语从句）... 认为…… vt.观看；以……看待，把……视为 view sb./sth.as...（常用其被动形式sb./sth. is  viewed as... ）把某人/某物视为…… From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.从泰山顶上,你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。 The dove soon went out of view，but as we turned the corner，it came into view again.这只鸽子很快从视野中消失了，但当我们转过弯，它又出现在视野中。 Standing on the top of the building, you will have a really good view of the whole city.站在这座楼的楼顶，你会将整座城市尽收眼底。 In my view, travelling will make you more independent and confident.在我看来，旅行会使你更加独立和自信。 I take the view that everyone shall be responsible for their own actions.我认为每个人都应该对自己的行为负责。 The Great Wall is viewed as one of the must-see places of interest in the world. 长城被认为是世界上必游的名胜之一。 1.The holiday cottage（小别墅） soon came view as we approached the beach. 2.The kids' views_________ this book are different, but they're not afraid to express their own opinions. 3.The time spent in high school can be viewed a period when teens can learn, explore and prepare for the future higher education. 1.into 2.on/about 3.as 2.用view的相关短语完成句子 ①We should consider the plan again _________________________________（考虑到未来的发展）. ②Although the present isn't worth much, I value it very much.____________（在我看来），it's the thought that counts（重要）. 1.in view of the future development 2.In my view 6 sight 教材语境I've heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can't wait to go. 我听说兵马俑是一个令人惊叹的景点，我已经迫不及待想去了。 用法详解 单词 含义 常见搭配 sight n. ［C］看见（或看得见）的事物， 景象，情景；［U］看见 catch sight of（突然）看见，瞥见 at the sight of一看见 lose sight of再也见不着；忽略，忘记 at first sight乍一看；初次见到 sight n.［pl.］风景，名胜 / n. ［U］视力；视力范围，视野 lose one's sight失明 in sight看得见,在视野内 out of （one's） sight在（某人的）视线外，在 （某人）看不见的地方 come into sight进入视野；出现 The boat offers enough time for tourists to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of the journey.客轮为游客们提供足够的时间来欣赏旅途中不断变化的景象和声音。 John was walking along the street when he suddenly caught sight of an old friend.约翰正沿着街道走，这时他突然看见一个老朋友。 We fell in love with the cottage at first sight.我们一见到那个乡间小屋就爱上它了。 I've heard that you toured the beautiful sights of the West Lake while you stayed in China.我听说你在中国期间游览了西湖美景。 Out of sight,out of mind.［谚］眼不见，心不烦。 The street was so quiet, with no one in sight.街上静悄悄的，一个人也没有。 The castle was out of sight as we turned the corner.我们拐了个弯，城堡就看不见了。 When the magnificent architecture came into sight, the tourists all held their breath. 当这座宏伟的建筑出现在眼前时，游客都屏住了呼吸。 1.语法填空 We are going to Paris for the weekend to see the_______（sight）.sights 2.用sight的相关短语完成句子 1.As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses ________________（进入眼帘）. 2.As we climbed up the top of the mountain, we _______________________（突然看到了一条河） . 3.The crowd cheered__________________________（一看到这位赛跑选手）, who was reported to have broken the world record. 4.At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________（看不见）. 5.I think a point that many people _____________（忽略）is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule. 1.came into sight 2.caught sight of a river 3.at the sight of the runner 4.out of sight 5.lose sight of 7 comment 教材语境Revise your draft according to your partner's comments. 根据同伴的意见修改草稿。 用法详解 （1）n.［C,U］ 意见，评论，议论，解释 make comments/a comment on/about… 对……发表评论 It is impolite to make mean comments on a person's appearance.对一个人的外貌作刻薄的评价是不礼貌的。 （2）vi.& vt.发表意见，评论 comment on/upon…评论…… comment that…评论…… Ann felt she couldn't comment on their decision，not knowing the whole course.不知道整个过程，安觉得她不能评论他们的决定。 John commented that the two essays were rather similar.约翰评论说这两篇文章颇为相似。 1.I think there is no need for us to comment_________his action—it speaks for itself. 2.My writing teacher always gives me suggestions and comments _________ my essays, which helps me improve my writing skills. 1.on/upon 2.on/about 8 动词-ing（短语/结构）作结果状语 教材语境Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. 每个俑像的相貌都不相同，这让研究人员认为每座俑像都模仿了一名真实士兵的形象。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： 用法详解 语法含义 表示自然而然或意料之中的结果，其前有时可加thus以示强调。 时态特征 其表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此作结果状语的动词-ing（短语/结构）用一般式。 逻辑主语 既可以是句子的主语，也可以是其前的整个句子。当动词-ing（短语/结构）的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 位置 多位于句末，且其前多用逗号隔开。 I have a good command of English, enabling me to communicate with foreigners. 我精通英语,这使我能与外国人交流。 1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________（allow） more patients to be treated. 2.An ancient temple dating back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in fire,________（cause） concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. 1.allowing 2.causing 9 which引导的非限制性定语从句 教材语境The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. 这些俑像只是秦始皇巨大陵墓的一部分，而整座陵墓尚未完全发掘。 句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下： The statues fill only one part of the emperor's huge tomb, 主句 which still has not been completely unearthed. which引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为the emperor's huge tomb 用法详解 意义 which引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 用法 which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是指物的单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个主句或其中的一部分。 which引导非限制性定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分，且不能省略。 注意 which引导非限制性定语从句时，不能换成that。 I decided to pay a visit to the Summer Palace, which my friend recommended to me（which指代the Summer Palace，which在从句中作宾语。）.我决定去参观颐和园，这是我朋友推荐给我的。 The manager said nothing, which made John nervous（which指代的是前面的整个主句，which在从句中作主语。）.经理什么也没说，这使约翰很紧张。 1.She and her family bicycle to work, _______ helps them keep fit. 2.Road accidents, _______ had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. 1.which 2.which ( 随堂训练 ) 一.单词拼写 1.Last summer, we went 　　　　(徒步旅行) in the countryside.  2.China has made 　　　　(/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/) achievements in space technology in the past few years.  3.The editor 　　　　(评论)that it was an excellent article, and I agreed.  4.There are generally four blood 　　　　(类型): A, B, AB, and O.  1.hiking　2.amazing　3.commented　4.types 二.单句语法填空 1.We can keep　　　　　contact with our family and friends with the help of the Internet.  2.We haven't yet been told 　　　　　(official) about the advanced course.   3.Poppy jumped with joy　　　　　the sight of the little dog.(2020浙江1月)  4.All　　　　　(apply) forms will be sent to the decision center for further research.  5.We are looking forward to 　　　　　(receive) acceptance in the meeting to be held next week.  6.If you want to do well in the final exam, you should spend more time　　　　　(prepare) for it.  7.—You are wanted on the phone, Ann!—OK, I 　　　　　(come).  8.Many a new house 　　　　　(build) at present in the disaster area.  9.　　　　　 is reported that the house price has been falling in recent years.  10.It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　　I first came across my new neighbors.  1.in　考查介词。句意:在互联网的帮助下,我们可以与我们的家人和朋友保持联系。keep in contact with...意为“和……保持联系”。故填in。 2.officially　考查副词。句意:我们还没有被正式告知关于这项高级课程的事。设空处修饰谓语动词,故需用副词officially(正式地)作状语。 3.at　考查介词。句意:看到那只小狗,Poppy就高兴地跳了起来。at the sight of...意为“一看到……”,故填at。 4.application　考查名词。句意:所有的申请表都将被送到决策中心进行进一步的研究。application form表示“申请表”,故填application。 5.receiving　考查动名词。句意:我们期待着在将于下周举行的会议中获得认可。look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”。故填receiving。 6.preparing　考查动名词。句意:如果你想在期末考试中取得好成绩,你应该花更多的时间来为它做准备。spend some time(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填preparing。 7.am coming　考查动词的时态。句意:——安,有你的电话!——好的,我马上来。此处应该用现在进行时表示即将、马上要发生的动作。故填am coming。 8.is being built　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:目前在灾区有许多新房子正在被建造。根据句意和时间状语at present可知用现在进行时(表示现阶段正在进行的动作);Many a new house与build之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;再由“many a+可数名词单数+谓语动词的单数形式”可知填is being built。 9.It　考查固定句型。“It is/was+过去分词(said/believed/reported)+that...”是固定句型,意为“据说/据信/据报道……”。It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句。句意:据报道,近几年房价一直在下跌。 10.that　考查强调句型。分析句子结构,It was后面为一个when引导的时间状语从句,将It was和设空处去掉,剩余内容能还原为一个完整的句子,故推断此句为强调句型(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分),被强调部分为时间状语,故设空处填that。句意:我回到公寓时才第一次遇见我的新邻居。 三.完成句子 1.我只是站在那里目送汽车,直到看不见为止。(sight) I just stood there and watched the car until　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　. 2.这对双胞胎迫不及待地把早餐端上楼,然后叫醒了他们的妈妈。(wait,carry) The twins 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the breakfast upstairs and then woke their mother up. 3.人们普遍认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。(recognise) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.  4.我们年轻的日子一去不复返了。(表语置于句首的完全倒装) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 when we were young.  5.他说得很清楚,因此每个人都理解了这个过程。(so that) He spoke very clearly, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the process.  6.我叔叔掌管这个俱乐部三年了。(一句多译,control) ①My uncle 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the club three years ago.  ②My uncle 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the club for three years.  ③The club 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　my uncle for three years. 1.it was out of sight/I lost sight of it　2.couldn't wait to carry　3.It is widely recognised that　4.Gone are the days　5.so that everyone understood　6.①took control of②is in control of　③is in/under the control of 四.课文语法填空 Dear Xiao Li, Everything is going well in China. My parents and I are planning to see the Terracotta Army in Xi'an over the October holiday. It is said that the Terracotta Army is an 　1　(amaze) attraction and I'm dying 　2　(go). To me, the story of the Terracotta Army is unbelievable. Surprisingly, there are more than 8,000 statues, and none of them 　3　(know) until the 1970s.   We're also planning to pay 　4　 visit to several other places in Xi'an. My dad and I have always been longing to visit the Shaanxi History Museum known 　5　 a “Chinese treasure house”. We're also going to the Xi'an City Wall 　6　 a few other famous 　7　(sight).   We're taking the train and leaving before the October holiday 　8　(begin). We're arriving at 9:30 a.m. and will start sightseeing immediately, so I hope we sleep 　9　(good)on the train!   That's all for now. Do you have any plans for 　10　(you)coming holiday?I hope to hear from you soon.  Your friend, Richard 1.amazing　考查形容词。根据空格后的名词attraction可知,此处修饰物,应用⁃ing形式的形容词。故填amazing。 2.to go　考查不定式。be dying to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。故填to go。 3.was/were known　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:令人惊讶的是,有8,000多尊雕像,但直到20世纪70年代它们才被人知道。根据空后的“until the 1970s”可知这里应用一般过去时,them指代statues,与know之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,none of后接复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数,故填was/were known。 4.a　考查冠词。pay a visit to...意为“参观……”。故填a。 5.as　考查介词。be known as...意为“被称为……,作为……而出名”,此处用过去分词短语(known as...)作后置定语,修饰the Shaanxi History Museum。 6.and　考查连词。设空处前面的“the Xi'an City Wall”和后面的“a few other famous...”为并列关系,故填连词and。 7.sights　考查名词复数。根据空前的“a few other”可知,此处用名词的复数形式,表示一些其他的名胜。sight的复数形式可作“风景,名胜”讲,故填sights。 8.begins　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:我们会乘火车在十月假期开始之前出发。该句是含有before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,时态遵循“主将从现”原则,且before从句中的主语the October holiday为单数意义。故填begins。 9.well　考查副词。设空处位于动词sleep后面,故用副词作状语。故填well。 10.your　考查形容词性物主代词。设空处前面为介词for,后面的中心词为名词holiday,故填形容词性物主代词your与后面的coming holiday构成名词短语,作介词for的宾语。 $$