专题02 语法-2025年小升初英语暑假专项提升（人教PEP版）

专题02 语法 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ · 内容导航 · 一：核心语法复习 二：6个语法考点过关练 题型一：核心语法复习 以下是人教 PEP 版英语五年级下册 Unit 1 至 Unit 4 的考点总结，结合语法、词汇、句型及考试高频题型，帮助学生精准把握核心内容： Unit 1 How tall are you? 一、核心语法 1. 形容词比较级 (1) 规则变化： 单音节词直接加 - er：tall→taller, short→shorter 以辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i+er：heavy→heavier, happy→happier 双写辅音字母 + er：big→bigger, thin→thinner (2) 不规则变化： good/well→better, bad/ill→worse 倍数表达：A + be + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B（例：The tree is three times taller than me.） 2. 比较级标志词 than, much/a little/a lot + 比较级，even（甚至） 二、高频词汇 必背形容词：taller, shorter, heavier, thinner, older, younger 单位与名词：metre, kilogram, dinosaur, hall, countryside 短语：both of, go hiking, lower and lower 三、核心句型 1. 询问身高 / 体重： How tall/heavy + be + 主语？ 例：How tall is your brother?（He is 1.65 metres.） 2. 比较级结构： A + be + 比较级 + than + B 例：My schoolbag is heavier than yours.1 3. 最高级表达： A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围 例：That’s the tallest dinosaur in the hall.1 四、考试高频题型 · 选择题 考点：比较级规则变化、倍数表达 例：The elephant is ______ than the horse. (A. heavy B. heavier C. heaviest)8 · 句子排序 逻辑：先引出比较对象，再提问或描述结果 例：( )Which monkey is stronger? ( )The yellow one is taller. 正确顺序：2→11 · 写作 主题：对比人物或动物（如：My Best Friend） 结构：开头介绍对象→中间分点对比→结尾总结差异 五、易错点提醒 错误：My ruler is long than yours. 正确：My ruler is longer than yours.（比较级需加 - er） Unit 2 Last weekend 一、核心语法 1. 一般过去时 (1) 规则动词过去式： 直接 + ed：clean→cleaned, wash→washed 以 e 结尾 + d：like→liked, live→lived (2) 不规则动词：go→went, see→saw, have→had 2. 时间状语：last weekend, yesterday, the day before yesterday 二、高频词汇 动词过去式：cleaned, washed, visited, watched, played 短语：stay at home, have a cold, see a film 名词：magazine, hotel, lamp 三、核心句型 1. 询问过去活动： What did + 主语 + do + 时间？ 例：What did you do last night?（I watched TV.） 2. 一般疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Did you read a book?（Yes, I did.） 3. 感受表达： I was + 形容词（happy, tired, excited） 例：I was tired but happy. 四、考试高频题型 · 动词填空 考点：规则与不规则动词过去式 例：She ______ (visit) her grandparents yesterday. · 补全对话 逻辑：先提问后回答，注意时间顺序 例：A: How was your weekend? B: ______ (It was great.) · 写作 主题：描述周末活动（如：My Last Weekend） 结构：按时间顺序描述活动，加入感受 五、易错点提醒 错误：I goed to the park yesterday. 正确：I went to the park yesterday.（不规则动词需单独记忆） Unit 3 Where did you go? 一、核心语法 1. 过去式特殊疑问句 结构：疑问词（Where/What/How）+ did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例：Where did you go over your holiday?（I went to Beijing.） 2. 交通方式表达： go + 地点 + by + 交通工具（例：go to Turpan by train） 二、高频词汇 动词过去式：rode, hurt, ate, took, bought 名词：mule, beach, basket, gift 短语：go camping, eat fresh food, take pictures 三、核心句型 1. 询问地点与活动： Where did + 主语 + go? What did + 主语 + do? 例：Where did you go?（I went to the beach.）What did you do?（I swam and ate seafood.） 2. 交通方式问答： How did + 主语 + go + 地点？ 例：How did you go to Beijing?（By plane.） 四、考试高频题型 · 阅读理解 考点：提取旅行时间、地点、活动信息 例：根据短文回答：Where did Amy go last summer? · 写作 主题：游记（如：A Trip to Beijing） 结构：按地点顺序描述活动，加入感官细节（如：The food was delicious.） · 补全对话 逻辑：通过疑问词匹配回答（如：Where→地点，What→活动） 五、易错点提醒 错误：How did you went there? 正确：How did you go there?（did 后用动词原形） Unit 4 Then and now 一、核心语法 1. there be 句型对比 (1) 过去：There was/were + 事物 + 过去时间 例：There was no gym in my old school. (2) 现在：Now there is/are + 事物 例：Now there is a big gym. 2. 能力变化表达： (1) 过去：主语 + couldn’t + 动词原形 例：I couldn’t ride a bike before. (2) 现在：Now + 主语 + can + 动词原形 例：Now I can ride it well. 二、高频词汇 名词：dining hall, gym, grass, badminton 短语：go cycling, ice-skate, play badminton 时间词：ago, before, now, last year 三、核心句型 1. 变化对比：Before, … Now, … 例：Before, I was quiet. Now, I’m active. 2. there be 句型：There was no + 单数事物 + 过去时间 例：There was no computer in my time. 四、考试高频题型 · 句型转换 考点：there be 句型过去式与现在式转换 例：There is a library now. → There was no library before. · 写作 主题：变化对比（如：Our School） 结构：分点对比过去与现在，使用 there be 和能力变化句型 · 选择题 考点：there be 的单复数与时态 例：There ______ many trees in the park ten years ago. (A. was B. were C. are) 五、易错点提醒 错误：There were no computers and Internet. 正确：There were no computers or Internet.（否定句中用 or 连接） 题型二：6个语法考点过关练 [语法1] 形容词的比较级和最高级 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Zoom is ________(heavy) than Zip. 2. The sun is ________(big) than the moon. 3. Winter is the ________(cold) season of a year. 4. My PE teacher is ________(funny) than my maths teacher. 5. My father is ________(old) than my mother. 6. Things are getting ________ and ________. (bad) 7. Joe is as ________(thin) as me. 8. ________(many) people come to the meeting than last time. 9. This story is ________(interesting) than that one. 10. I'm not as ________(smart) as Linda. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Jim is 1.53 metres. Peter is 3 centimetres________ than him. A. longer B. taller C. heavier ( )2. The Yangtze River is ________ river in China. A. long B. longest C. the longest ( ) 3. The weather is getting ________. A. hotter and hot B. hot and hotter C. hotter and hotter ( ) 4. She is ________ of all. A. clever B. cleverer C. the cleverest ( )5. This bike is as ________ as that red one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest ( )6. The ________ English you practice, the ________ your English is. A. more; better B. much; better C. more; good ( )7. I'm one year ________ than you. A. old B. older C. oldest ( ) 8. I have ________ arms of all the girls. A. long B. longer C. the longest [语法2] 特殊疑问句 一、根据句意，填上合适的疑问词(组)。 1.—________________ is thinner, Amy or Sarah?—Amy. 2.—________________ is that tree? —It's 3.78 metres. 3.—________________ are you? —I'm 62 kilograms. 4.—________________ is your dress? —Size L. 5.—________________ is your father? —He is 37 years old. 二、对画线部分提问。 1. My PE teacher is 75 kilograms. ________ ________ is your PE teacher? 2. My shoes are size 38. ________ ________ are your shoes? 3. That dinosaur is 5.56 metres tall. ________ ________ is that dinosaur? 4. My new T-shirt is 56 yuan. ________ ________ is your new T-shirt? [语法3] 一般过去时的用法(一) 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. dance _________________ 2. carry _________________ 3. cry ___________________ 4. stop ___________________ 5. am __________________ 6. laugh _________________ 7. study ___________________ 8. play __________________ 9. help _________________ 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. —What ________ you ________ last weekend? (do) —We ________ (drink) tea at home. 2. I watched some funny ________ (show) there. 3. —How ________ your weekend? —It ________ good. (we) 4. We ________ (play) football next weekend. 三、单项选择。 ( )1. I ________TV with my family at home last night. A. watch B. am watching C. watched ( )2. Mr White went fishing ________. A. every week B. yesterday C. tomorrow ( )3. Tom ________ at home yesterday afternoon. A. is B. was C. were ( )4.—________ John ________ his clothes last weekend? —yes. A. Does; wash B. Did; washed C. Did; wash ( )5.—What ________ you ________ last Sunday? —I played football. A. do; do B. did; did C. did; do [语法4] 一般过去时的用法(二) 一、用动词的适当形式填空。 1.—What ________(is) the weather like yesterday? —It ________(is) rainy. 2. There ________(are) lots of trees many years ago in my town. 3. I________(read) some interesting books in the library last weekend. 4. Tom ________(run) faster than me last Friday. 5. Sarah ________(see) a film about the spaceship last night. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—Did you ________ pictures in Lhasa? —Yes,I did. A. take B. took C. taking ( )2. I went camping with friends ________. A. now B. every week C. yesterday ( )3. I rode a horse last Sunday. It ________ fun. A. are B. was C. were ( )4. My father didn't ________ tea with my grandma yesterday afternoon. A. drink B. drank C. drinking ( )5.—Where ________ you go over the summer holiday? —I went to Shanghai. A. are B. do C. did [语法5] 动词过去式的不规则变化 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We ________(have) a big dinner with our family last Spring Festival. 2. Bobby ________(throw) a banana skin on the ground just now. 3. There ________(are) a lot of white clouds in the blue sky a moment ago. 4. Yang Ling ________(read) an interesting story yesterday evening. 二、把下列句子改成一般过去时。 1. I meet him on my way to school. ________________________________________________ 2. We take some photos during the trip. ________________________________________________ 3. He has a great time at the party. ________________________________________________ 4. They don't get good jobs. ________________________________________________ [语法6] there be句型及 have的用法归纳 一、用 have或 there be 的适当形式填空。 1. Mr White ________ two cute cats and a dog. 2. ________ some toys on the table. 3. ________ a library and two computer rooms in my school. 4. I ________a new schoolbag. It's pretty. 5. ________ any gyms in your city five years ago? 6. ________ no dining hall in our school last year. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. There ________ a garden in our school five years ago. A. is B. was C. were ( )2. There aren't ________ tall buildings in my village. A. a B. some C. any ( )3. There ________ nothing we could do about it. A. is B. was C. were ( ) 4. There ________ some water in the bottle just now. A. are B. was C. has ( )5. Jim ________ twenty books. A. there is B. have C. has ( ) 6. There's going to ________ something new in tomorrow's newspapers. A. has B. having C. be ( )7.—Do you ________ any apples? —Yes,________ some in the basket. A. there are; have B. have; there are C. have; there is ( )8. There ________ a cat and three dogs in the picture. A. is B. be C. are 参考答案 [语法1] 形容词的比较级和最高级 一、1. heavier 2. bigger 3. coldest 4. funnier 5. older 6. worse; worse 7. thin 8. More 9. more interesting 10. smart 解析：根据句子中的 than和句意可判断1，2，4，5，8，9题的形容词都应用其比较级形式。第3题根据句意可知该形容词需要用最高级形式。“比较级+ and+比较级”意为“越来越……”,故第6题形容词应用其比较级形式。as… as意为“和⋯⋯一样”; not as… as意为“⋯⋯不如⋯⋯”,形容词用原级，故第7和第10小题填形容词的原级。 二、1. B 解析：此处是比较身高, 用 taller。 2. C 解析：句意为“长江是中国最长的河”。形容词最高级前要加定冠词 the。 3. C 解析：get意为“变得”。“比较级+ and+比较级”意为“越来越⋯⋯”。 4. C 解析：of all表示一个比较范围, 故用 clever的最高级形式 cleverest。形容词最高级前要加 the。 5. A 解析：as… as意为“和……一样”, 形容词用原级。 6. A 解析：“the+比较级, the+比较级”意为“越……, 越……”。 7. B 解析：由 than可知，前面的形容词用比较级形式。 8. C 解析：of all the girls为一个比较范围, 故用 long的最高级形式 longest。形容词最高级前要加 the。 [语法2] 特殊疑问句 一、1. Who 解析：根据题意可知用疑问词 Who。 2. How tall 解析：根据答语可知询问树的高度, 用疑问词组 How tall。 3. How heavy 解析：根据答语可知询问的是体重, 用疑问词组 How heavy。 4. What size 解析：根据答语可知询问的是裙子的尺码, 用疑问词组 What size。 5. How old 解析：根据答语可知询问的是父亲的年龄, 用疑问词组 How old。 二、1. How heavy 2. What size 3. How tall 4. How much 解析：解答此类题首先要明确句意，确认画线部分的词义，然后确定疑问词(组)即可。 [语法3] 一般过去时的用法(一) 一、1.danced 2.carried 3.cried 4.stopped 5.was 6.laughed 7.studied 8.played 9.helped 二、1. did; do; drank 解析：由 last weekend 可知,时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。did后的动词用原形, drink的过去式为 drank。 2. shows 解析：show为可数名词, some 后面跟可数名词的复数形式，故填 shows。 3. was; was 4. will play/ are going to play 解析：next weekend 意为“下周末”，是一般将来时态的标志。 三、1. C 解析：根据时间状语 last night可知该句为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。 2. B 解析：根据 went fishing可知该句为一般过去时，所以用表示过去的时间状语。 3. B 解析：根据时间状语 yesterday afternoon 可知该句为一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，所以 be动词需用 was。 4. C 解析：根据时间状语 last weekend 可知该句为一般过去时，且句式为一般疑问句，需借助助动词 did，其后动词用原形。 5. C 解析：根据时间状语 last Sunday可知该句为一般过去时，且句式为特殊疑问句，需借助助动词 did，其后动词用原形。 [语法4] 一般过去时的用法(二) 一、1. was; was 解析：根据“yesterday”可知该对话时态为一般过去时，is的过去式为 was。 2. were 解析：根据“many years ago”可知该句时态为一般过去时，are的过去式为 were。 3. read 解析：根据“last weekend”可知该句时态为一般过去时，read 的过去式仍为 read。 4. ran 解析：根据“last Friday”可知该句时态为一般过去时，run的过去式为 ran。 5. saw 解析：根据“last night”可知该句时态为一般过去时，see的过去式为 saw。 二、1. A 解析：以 Did开头的一般疑问句中的谓语动词用原形。 2. C 解析：根据“went camping”可知该句时态为一般过去时，所以时间状语用表示过去的 yesterday。 3. B 解析：根据“last Sunday”可知该句时态为一般过去时，且It为第三人称单数，所以 be动词用 was。 4. A解析：含有实义动词的一般过去时的否定句结构为“主语+ didn’t+动词原形+其他.”。 5. C 解析：根据“over the summer holiday”和“went”可知该句时态为一般过去时，助动词应用 did。 [语法5] 动词过去式的不规则变化 一、1. had 2. threw 3. were4. read 二、1. I met him on my way to school. 2. We took some photos during the trip. 3. He had a great time at the party. 4. They didn't get good jobs. [语法6] there be句型及 have的用法归纳 一、1. has解析：题意为“怀特先生有两只可爱的猫和一只狗”。因主语为 Mr White 所以用 has。 2. There are 解析：题意为“桌子上有一些玩具”。some toys为复数, be 动词用 are。 3. There is 解析：题意为“我的学校有一个图书馆和两间计算机教室”。a library为单数，根据there be 句型的“就近原则”, be动词用 is。 4. have解析：题意为“我有一个新书包，它很漂亮”。因主语为I, “有”用 have表示。 5. Were there解析：题意为“五年前你的城市有体育馆吗?”。gyms为复数， be动词用were，同时该句为一般疑问句， were需提前。 6. There was 解析：题意为“去年我们的学校没有食堂”。dining hall为单数,句子为一般过去时, be动词用 was。 二、1. B 解析：根据“five years ago”可知该句为一般过去时,且 a garden为单数,故 be动词用was。 2. C 解析： buildings为复数, 否定句中 some 要改为 any。 3. B 解析： nothing为不定代词, 通常用作单数, 且由 could 可知句子为一般过去时。 4. B 解析： just now 意为“刚才”, water为不可数名词,故 be动词用 was。 5. C解析：该句意为“吉姆有20本书”。表示的是“所属”的“有”，Jim作主语，动词用第三人称单数形式 has。 6. C 7. B 8. A 解析：根据 there be 句型的“就近原则”, a cat为单数, 故用 is。 第 1 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$