内容正文:
专题03 语法
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
· 内容导航 ·
一:核心语法复习 二:20个语法考点过关练
题型一:核心语法复习
Unit1 My School
1. There be句型核心语法
(1) 单数形式:There is + 单数名词 / 不可数名词 + 地点状语
(2) 复数形式:There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语
例句:There is a garden near the classroom.(教室附近有个花园)
There are three computers in the room.(房间里有三台电脑)
(3) 语法要点:
主谓一致:be 动词与靠近的主语保持数的一致(就近原则)
示例:There is a book and two pens on the desk.
否定形式:在 be 动词后加 not,如 There isn't a library here.
疑问形式:将 be 动词提至句首,如 Are there any trees in the school?
(4) 常见错误:
单复数混淆:There are a playground.(应改为 There is a playground.)
冠词遗漏:There is library on the first floor.(应加冠词 a)
2. 方位介词用法辨析
介词
词义
例句
in
在...里面
The books are in the bag.
on
在...上面
The map is on the wall.
near
在...附近(不接触)
The garden is near the gate.
next to
在...旁边(紧挨着)
The office is next to the library.
Unit 2 What time is it?
1. 时间表达法语法体系
(1) 整点表达:数字 + o'clock,如 It's six o'clock.(六点整)
(2) 非整点表达:
30 分钟内:分钟 + past + 小时,如 twenty past nine(九点二十分)
超过 30 分钟:(60 - 分钟) + to + (小时 + 1),如 ten to eleven(十点五十分)
(3) 特殊表达:
a quarter past...(一刻钟,15 分)
half past...(半小时,30 分)
2. 时间介词搭配:
at + 具体时刻:at 7:30
in + 上午 / 下午 / 季节:in the morning, in spring
on + 具体日期 / 星期:on Monday, on June 1st
3. It's time 句型语法功能
It's time for + 名词:It's time for lunch.(该吃午饭了)
It's time to + 动词原形:It's time to go home.(该回家了)
Unit 3 Weather
1. 情态动词 can 的语法要点
(1) 基本用法:表示请求许可:Can I go outside?(我能出去吗?)
表示能力:I can speak English.(我会说英语)
(2) 结构规则:
肯定句:主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他
否定句:主语 + can't + 动词原形 + 其他
疑问句:Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
(3) 回答模式:
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + can.
否定回答:No, 主语 + can't.
2. 天气形容词构词法
名词变形容词规则:
① 直接加 - y:sun→sunny, wind→windy
② 去 e 加 - y:nice→nice(例外:large→large 无此变化)
③ 特殊变化:rain→rainy, snow→snowy
Unit 4 At the Farm
1. 指示代词的语法功能
(1) 近指与远指对比:these(这些):近指复数名词,如 These are carrots.(这些是胡萝卜)
those(那些):远指复数名词,如 Those are horses.(那些是马)
(2) 句型结构:
特殊疑问句:What are these/those? They are...
一般疑问句:Are these/those...? Yes, they are./No, they aren't.
2. 可数名词复数规则
(1) 规则变化:
直接加 - s:carrot→carrots, book→books
以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾加 - es:box→boxes, bus→buses
以辅音 + y 结尾改 y 为 i 加 - es:story→stories(本单元无此类型)
(2) 不规则变化:
单复数同形:sheep→sheep, fish→fish
特殊变化:man→men, woman→women(本单元未涉及)
易错提醒:potato→potatoes(需加 - es),tomato→tomatoes
Unit 5 My Clothes
1. 名词所有格语法要点
(1) 单数名词加's:John's shirt(约翰的衬衫)
(2) 复数名词以 s 结尾加 ':students' books(学生们的书)
(3) 复数名词不以 s 结尾加's:children's toys(孩子们的玩具)
(4) 双重所有格:a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋友)—— 本单元初步渗透
2. 物主代词用法对比
(1) 形容词性物主代词:
用法:后接名词,如 my coat, your pants
列表:my(我的)、your(你的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的)
(2) 名词性物主代词:
用法:独立使用,相当于 "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"
列表:mine(我的)、yours(你的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们的)
Unit 6 Shopping
1. How much 句型语法结构
(1) 价格询问规则:
单数物品:How much is + 单数名词?It's + 价格.
复数物品:How much are + 复数名词?They're + 价格.
(2) 货币表达:
人民币:yuan(无复数),如 eighty yuan
美元:dollar(有复数),如 sixty-five dollars
2. 一般过去时初识
(1) 教材呈现:buy 的过去式 bought,如 "I bought a scarf yesterday."(我昨天买了条围巾)
(2) 语法特征:表示过去发生的动作;动词用过去式形式
常与 yesterday, last week 等时间状语连用
(3) 对比练习:
一般现在时:I buy a book every week.
一般过去时:I bought a book yesterday.
题型二:20个语法考点过关练
[语法1] Where询问位置的特殊疑问句
单项选择。
( )1.—________ the art room? —It's on the first floor.
A. Where B. What C. Where's
( )2.—Where is the pencil? —________
A. It's blue. B. It's Judy's. C. It's on the desk.
( )3. Where ________ my new sunglasses?
A. are B. is C. am
( )4. —Where’s the computer room? —________
A. Is it near Classroom 1? B. It’s near Classroom 1. C. No, it isn’t.
( )5. —Where is the computer room? —It’s ________ the art room.
A. next to B. to C. next
( )6. —Where’s the teachers’ office? —It’s on the ________ floor.
A. one B. two C. second
[语法2] 确认近处或远处的事物的句型
( )1. —Is this your classroom? —Yes, _______.
A. this is B. it is C. there is
( )2. —Is this an art room? —_______ We can draw pictures here.
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it is.
( )3. —Is that an art room? —______
A. Yes, it isn’t. B. No, it is. C. Yes, it is.
( )4. That ________ Sarah’s hat. Those ________ Amy’s shoes.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are
( )5. I like _____ red coat and _____ brown shoes.
A. that; that B. those; those C. that; those
[语法3] 询问对方是否有某物的句型
从括号中选择正确的单词填空。
1.—________(Do/ Are) you have a garden?
—Yes, ________(we/ they) do.
2.—Do you have ________(a/ an) art room?
—No, we ________(do/ don't)
[语法4] 序数词的用法
单项选择。
( )1. The computer room is on the ________ floor.
A. one B. two C. first
( )2.—Where is the dining hall?
—It's on teacher ________ second floor.
A. a B. the C./
( )3. Our teaching building has ________ floors. And the teachers' office is on the ________ floor.
A. three; one B. third; first C. three; first
( ) 4. We have ________ computer rooms. They are on the ________ floor.
A. two; second B. two; two C. second; second
( ) 5. ________ bedrooms are in my home.
A. One B. Second C. Two
( ) 6. I have two apples. The ________ one is red. The ________ one is green.
A. first; two B. one; second C. first; second
[语法5] 询问时间的特殊疑问句及其答语
单项选择。
( ) 1. “It's six thirty.” means“It's________. “.
A.6:20 B.6:30 C.6:40
( ) 2. It's seven ________. It's time for breakfast.
A. clock B. time C. o'clock
( ) 3. It's 9:30________ Go to bed, please.
A. p. m. B. a. m. C. in the morning.
( ) 4. “It's 9:00 a. m.” means“________.”
A. It's 9 o'clock in the morning B. It's 9 o'clock in the afternoon
C. It's 9 o'clock in the evening
( ) 5. ________ is it? —It's 2:15p. m.
A. What B. What colour C. What time
( )6.—________ is it now?
—It's 5:30 p. m.
A. What B. What time C. How many
( ) 7.—What time is it?
—It's ________ . It's time to have breakfast.
A.7:00 a. m. B.2:00 p. m. C.8:15 p. m.
[语法6] “It’s time for/to......”句型的用法
一、用to 或 for填空,完成下列句子。
1. It's 6:30 a. m. It's time ________ do morning exercises(做早操).
2. It's 9:10. It's time ________ English class.
3. It's 3 o'clock in the afternoon. It's time ________ jump and run.
4. It's 4:50. It's time ________ home.
5. It's 6:30 p. m. It's time ________ have dinner.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. It's 5:00 p. m. It's time to ________.
A. go home B. school C. dinner
( )2.—Time to go to bed, Sarah. —________
A. Just a minute. B. It's 5 o'clock. C. School is over.
( )3.—Time for English class. ________
—OK. Let's go to the classroom.
A. Come on! B. Thank you! C. You are welcome.
[语法7] “Let’s......”句型的用法
单项选择。
( )1. —Let’s a Math lesson. —OK, Mr Brown.
A.have B.to have C.having
( )2. —I can’t do it. —Let help you.
A.we B.me C.our
( )3. —Let’s go to the park. —
A.Yes, I am. B.Yes, we do. C.All right.
( )4. —Let go home. It’s late. —All right.
A.he B.her C.his
[语法8] 情态动词can的用法
单项选择。
( )1.—________ I go outside to play?
—Yes, you can.
A. Are B. Do C. Can
( )2.—Can I swim, Dad?
—________. It's too cold.
A. Yes, you can B. No, you can't C. Yes, you are
( )3. I can swim, but my father ________.
A. don't B. can't C. isn't
( )4.—Su Yang ________ play football.
—Me too.
A. can't B. can C. doesn't
( )5.—________I have some milk?
—Yes, you ________.
A. Do; can B. Can; can C. Am; are
( )6.—Can I________ football today?
—No, you ________.
A. play; can't B. plays; can't C. play; can
[语法9] 谈论天气的形容词和询问天气状况的句型
一、单项选择。
( )1.—________ the weather like in Sydney? —It's warm.
A. What's B. How's C. How about
( )2. It's cool and rainy ________ Hangzhou.
A. on B. at C. in
二、根据图片提示,补全对话。
1.—What's the weather like today?
—It's________.
2.—What's the weather like in summer?
—________ ________ and ________.
[语法10] 确认天气状况的句型
一、根据图片提示,选出正确的答案。
( )1. Is it warm today?
A. yes, it is. B. No, it isn't.
( )2. Is it rainy in London?
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn't.
二、根据要求完成句子。
1. It's sunny today.(改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ sunny today?
2. Is it cold in New York? (作肯定回答, 并告知气温为5度。)
Yes, ________ ________. It's ________ ________.
[语法11] 指示代词:these/ this和 those/ that的用法
单项选择。
( )1. ________ is my grandpa's farm.
A. This B. These C. Those
( )2. ________ are goats. They love to eat carrots.
A. This B. That C. Those
( )3.—Is that a sheep?
—No,________.
A. it is B. that isn't C. it isn't
( )4.—Are these onions?
—________
A. yes, it is. B. yes, these are. C. No, they aren't.
( )5.—What are these?
—They are ________.
A. animal B. vegetables C. fruit
[语法12] 确认近处或远处多个事物的名称
从括号中选择正确的词填空。
1.—________(Is/ Are) those oranges?
—Yes, they are.
2.—Is ________(this/ these) an orange?
—Yes, it is.
3.—Are they cows?
—No, they ________(are/ aren't). They are sheep.
4.—Are these ________(banana/ bananas)?
—Yes, they are.
[语法13] 询问对方拥有某事物的数量
根据句意及图片提示,补全句子。
1.—How many ________ do you have?
—________.
2. —________ ________ pencils do you have?
—We have ________.
[语法14] 易错辨析:名词的复数
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Look! A ________(sheep) is eating grass.
2. There are many ________(tomato)and ________(potato) on the farm.
3. I have twenty small ________(hen).
4. The knife and ________(fork) is forty yuan.
5. The white ________(horse) is short. It can run fast.
6. These ________(goat) like eating grass.
7. The ________(candy) are on the table.
8. Please give me some ________(box).
[语法15] 名词所有格和物主代词的用法
一、用括号中词汇的适当形式填空。
1. The farm is my ________(father) .
2. These socks are ________________(Chen Jie).
3.—Whose jacket is this?
—It's ________(Mike).
4. The ________(teachers) office is on the second floor.
二、单项选择。
( )1. This is ________ dress.
A. Amy B. Amy's C. Amys
( )2. That is the ________ office.
A. teachers's B. teachers' C. teachers
( )3. These are the ________ carrots.
A. rabbit's B. rabbit C. rabbits
( )4. Those shoes are ________.
A. Sarah B. my C. mine
( )5. Wow!________ coat is so nice.
A. Your B. Yours C. Your's
[语法16] 确认物品归属的句型
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.—Is ________ Tony's?
—Yes, it is.
A. this B. these C. those
( )2.—Are these Gina's? —________
A. yes, it is. B. No, they aren't. C. They're Gina's.
二、从方框中选择正确的词汇补全对话。(每词限用一次)
they this those Jim's it
1.—Are ________ your mother's?
—No,________ aren't. They are ________ .
2.—Is ________ yours?
—Yes,________ is.
[语法17] 询问物品主人的句型
从括号中选择正确的词汇填空。
1.—________(Who's/ Whose) book is this?
—It's ________(my/ mine).
2.—Whose shorts ________ ________(is that/ are those)?
—________(It's/ They're) ________(Sarah/ Sarah's) .
[语法18] 询问物品价格的句型
单项选择。
( )1.—How many ________ do you have? —I have two.
A. umbrella B. umbrellas C. sunglass
( )2.—________ is this hat? —It's fifteen yuan.
A. How many B. How about C. How much
( )3.—________ are you? —I'm fine, thanks.
A. How many B. How much C. How
( )4.—________ is this sweater? —It's ¥79.
A. How B. How much C. How many
( )5.—How much are those gloves? —________ $8.
A. It's B. They're C. These are
[语法19] 请求试穿衣物的句型
单项选择。
( ) 1.—________ I try on the skirt?
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Are B. Do C. Can
( )2.—These pants are nice. Can I________ ?
—Of course.
A. try on it B. try them on C. try on them
[语法20] 询问对方对某物的看法的句型
一、单项选择。
( ) 1.—________ do you like this scarf?
—It's beautiful.
A. What B. How C. Do
( )2.—How do you like those socks?
—________ pretty.
A. It's B. This is C. They're
二、情景交际。
( )1. Amy想问 Sarah 她的新帽子怎么样,她可以问:
A. How do you like my new hat? B. How much is it? C. Can you help me?
( )2. Sarah想告诉 Amy 她的红色帽子很漂亮,她可以说:
A. It's a hat. B. They're bad. C. It's pretty.
参考答案
[语法1] Where询问位置的特殊疑问句
1. C解析:根据答语可知,问句询问的是“美术教室在哪里? ”, 疑问词用 where, 同时 where后还要跟 be 动词 is。故选 C。
2. C解析:问句是对铅笔的位置进行提问,因此,答语应该与位置相关。故选C。
3.A解析:sunglasses 是复数形式,根据主谓一致原则,be 动词要用 are。is 用于主语是单数或第三人称单数时;am 只能与 I 搭配使用,所以选 A。
4.B解析:问句 “Where’s the computer room?” 询问计算机室在哪里,A 选项 “Is it near Classroom 1?” 是一般疑问句,用于询问 “它在 1 教室附近吗?”,不符合语境;C 选项 “No, it isn’t.” 是对一般疑问句的否定回答,也不符合;B 选项 “It’s near Classroom 1.”(它在 1 教室附近)直接回答了计算机室的位置,所以选 B 。
5.A解析:“next to” 是固定短语,表示 “紧挨着,在…… 旁边”,可以用来描述位置关系;B 选项 “to” 单独使用不能表达位置关系;C 选项 “next” 单独使用也不能表达 “在…… 旁边” 的意思,所以选 A 。
6.C解析:表示 “在第几层楼” 要用序数词,A 选项 “one” 和 B 选项 “two” 都是基数词;C 选项 “second” 是序数词,“on the second floor” 表示 “在二楼”,所以选 C 。
[语法2] Where询问位置的特殊疑问句
1.B解析:对于 “Is this...?” 的一般疑问句,肯定回答要用 “Yes, it is.” 。用 it 来指代 this 所问的事物,避免重复使用 this,A 选项 “this is” 表述错误;C 选项 “there is” 不符合该句型的回答结构,所以选 B。
2.A解析:从 “We can draw pictures here.”(我们可以在这里画画)可知,这里是美术教室,所以应该是肯定回答。“Is this...?” 的一般疑问句肯定回答为 “Yes, it is.” ,B 选项是否定回答,不符合语境;C 选项 “No, it is.” 前后矛盾,表述错误,所以选 A 。
3.C解析:“Is that...?” 的一般疑问句,肯定回答是 “Yes, it is.”,否定回答是 “No, it isn’t.” 。A 选项 “Yes, it isn’t.” 和 B 选项 “No, it is.” 均前后矛盾,表述错误,所以选 C 。
4.B解析:that 意为 “那个”,是单数指示代词,作主语时,be 动词用 is;those 意为 “那些”,是复数指示代词,作主语时,be 动词用 are。所以第一空填 is,第二空填 are,选 B 。
5.C解析:that 修饰单数名词,those 修饰复数名词。句中 “red coat”(红色外套)是单数,用 that 修饰;“brown shoes”(棕色鞋子)是复数,用 those 修饰,所以选 C 。
[语法3] 确认近处或远处的事物的句型
1. Do; we 解析: have为实义动词, 需要借助助动词 do引导一般疑问句。根据问句句意“你们有花园吗?”可知,回答时主语应用 we。
2. an; don’t 解析: art的读音是以元音音素开头, 故不定冠词用 an; 因为回答为否定的,故应用 don’t。
[语法4] 询问对方是否有某物的句型
1. C 解析:表示“第几”应用序数词。故选C。
2. B 解析:序数词前需要加定冠词 the。故选B。
3. C解析:句意为“我们的教学楼有三层。教师办公室在一楼”。第一空后面的“floors”是复数,因此空处要用基数词,首先排除 B 项;第二空前有定冠词 the,空处应用序数词,因此排除 A 项。故选 C。
4. A解析:第一空是表示有两个计算机房,表示数量用基数词; 第二空表示在二楼,用序数词。
5. C 解析:句意为“我家有两个卧室”,表示数量用基数词。
6. C解析:句意为“我有两个苹果。第一个是红色的。第二个是绿色的。”,两空均表示顺序,所以选C。
[语法5] 询问时间的特殊疑问句及其答语
一、1. B
2. C 解析:整点的后面用o'clock“……点钟”。
3. A 解析:根据第二句句意“请上床睡觉。”判断是晚上9:30。
4. A 解析:a. m.意为“早上; 上午”。
5. C解析:答语回答的是时间,所以问句是对时间的提问, 用 What time。
6. B解析:根据答语可知, 问句询问的是具体时间, 对具体的时间提问应用 What time。故选B。
7. A解析:由答语第二句句意“到了吃早饭的时间。”, 可知选A。
[语法6] “It’s time for/to......”句型的用法
一、1. to 解析: to 后面跟动词原形, do morning exercises是动词短语。
2. for 解析: for后面跟名词, English class是名词短语。
3. to 解析: to后面跟动词原形, jump and run 是动词短语。
4. for 解析: for后面跟名词, home是名词。
5. to 解析: to后面跟动词原形, have dinner 是动词短语。
二、1. A 解析:“It's time to”后面要跟动词原形, go home是动词短语。B、C 两项都是名词。
2. A
3. A 解析: Come on!意为“赶快! ”。
[语法7] “Let’s......”句型的用法
一、1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
[语法8] 情态动词can的用法
一、1. C 解析:根据答句“Yes, you can.”可知, 问句应用情态动词 can引导。故选 C。
2. B 解析:根据答语中“天太冷了。”可知“不能游泳”。故选 B。
3. B 4.B
5. B 解析:从动词 have判断用助动词 do或者情态动词 can提问,但 Do开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+ do/ does.”, 所以排除A项,答案为B项。
6. A 解析: Can后面跟动词原形,其一般疑问句的否定回答为“No, you can't.”。
[语法9] 谈论天气的形容词和询问天气状况的句型
一、1. A
2. C 解析:表示“在某个城市”, 介词用 in。故选C。
二、1. windy
2. It's hot; sunny
[语法10] 确认天气状况的句型
一、1. B 2. A
二、1. Is it 2. it is;5 degrees
[语法11] 指示代词:these/ this和 those/ that的用法
1. A 解析:is说明主语是单数形式。These 和 Those是指示代词的复数形式。This是单数形式。
2. C 解析:are说明主语是复数形式。This 和That是指示代词的单数形式。
3. C 解析:一般疑问句“Is that…?”的否定回答为“No, it isn't.”。
4. C 解析:一般疑问句“Are these...?”的否定回答为“No, they aren't.”。
5. B 解析:They are 后面跟可数名词复数形式。
[语法12] 确认近处或远处多个事物的名称
1. Are解析:根据 those可知, 空处用 Are。
2. this解析:根据 Is和答语可知,空处的指示代词要用单数形式。
3. aren't 解析:根据问句“Are they...?”可知, 对应的否定回答为“No, they aren't.”。
4. bananas解析:根据“Are these …?”可知, 空处要用可数名词的复数形式。
[语法13] 询问对方拥有某事物的数量
1. carrots; Twelve解析:How many后面接可数名词复数, 因此 carrot 加-s。
2. How many; sixteen 解析:对铅笔的数量提问, 疑问词组用 How many。
[语法14] 易错辨析:名词的复数
1. sheep 解析:冠词a后面跟可数名词单数形式。
2. tomatoes; potatoes 解析:many 后面跟可数名词复数形式。
3. hens 解析:twenty“二十”后面跟可数名词复数形式。
4. fork 解析:knife and fork 为固定短语。
5. horse 解析:从后面的 is判断,空处填可数名词单数形式。
6. goats 解析:根据 These可知, goat要用其复数形式。
7. candies 解析:根据 are 可知, candy要用其复数形式,以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词,要变y为i,再加-es。
8. boxes 解析:根据 some 可知, box要用其复数形式,以-x结尾的单词,要在词尾加-es。
[语法15] 名词所有格和物主代词的用法
一、1. father’s 2. Chen Jie’s 3. Mike’s 4. teachers’
二、1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A
[语法16] 确认物品归属的句型
一、1. A 2. B
二、1. those; they; Jim's 2. this; it
[语法17] 询问物品主人的句型
1. Whose; mine 解析:询问书的所有者是谁,疑问词要用 whose,答语中要用名词性物主代词mine, 在此处相当于 my book。
2. are those; They're; Sarah's
[语法18] 询问物品价格的句型
一、1. B 解析:How many意为“多少”, 后面跟可数名词复数形式。people人们,是名词复数。
2. C 解析:How much在此处意为“多少”, 后面跟不可数名词。milk 是不可数名词。
3. C 解析:How much在此处意为“多少钱”, 对价格进行提问。
4. A 解析:how意思为“怎么样”,问句意思是“你认为短裤怎么样?”。
二、1. B 解析:How many后面跟可数名词复数形式。
2. C解析:答语是价格,对价格进行提问用How much。
3. C 解析:答语是“我很好,谢谢。”,所以问句是“How are you?”。
4. B解析:根据答语可知,问句询问的是毛衣的价格,应用 How much提问。故选B。
5. B 解析:根据“gloves”可知, 代词用they, 故答案为B。
[语法19] 请求试穿衣物的句型
一、1. C解析:根据语境及句意可知,空处需要用情态动词 Can,询问对方自己是否可以试穿短裙。故选 C。
2. B 解析:根据 pants可知, 代词应用 them, 代词必须放在 try 和 on 之间。故选 B。
[语法20] 询问对方对某物的看法的句型
一、1. B解析:根据答语可知,问句是询问对方对这条围巾的看法,疑问词应用 How,意为“如何,怎么样”。故选B。
2. C 解析:根据 socks可知, 代词应用 they。句首字母需大写。故选C。
二、1. A 2. C
第 1 页 共 9 页
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$