精品解析：江苏省南京市江宁区南京市临江高级中学2024-2025学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

2024-25学年下学期临江高中高二年级第二次段考（英语）试题 总分：150分 注意：请在答题卡上作答 第一部分 听力（本大题共20小题，共30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will the man probably do for the woman next? A．Buy a new ruler. B．Measure her hands. C．Get another pair of gloves. 2．What time is it now? A．About 2 p. m. B．About 3 p. m. C．About 5 p. m. 3．What is the man’s problem? A．He lost his bank card. B．He forgot his bank card password. C．He put money into the wrong bank account. 4．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．John’s study. B．John’s health. C．John’s hobbies. 5．What will happen to Tom Jones? A．He’ll get fired. B．He’ll be fined heavily. C．He’ll be given a pay cut. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Couple. B．Colleagues. C．Landlord and renter. 7．Why does the man talk to the woman? A．To ask about a house rental. B．To complain about his income. C．To invite her to an open house. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What is the topic of the presentation? A．Music. B．Painting. C．Sculpture. 9．How will the speakers start their presentation? A．By giving an outline. B．By playing a video. C．By showing an artwork. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10．What does the man want to do in the beginning? A．Buy a refrigerator. B．Repair a refrigerator. C．Return a refrigerator. 11．What does the woman do with the situation? A．She lowers the price. B．She corrects the instruction. C．She explains the method of use. 12．How does the man sound at the end? A．Confused. B．Embarrassed. C．Disappointed. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13．How often does the man go to the beach? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Once a month. 14．Why did the man join Heal the Bay? A．His cousin invited him. B．His parents influenced him. C．His friend recommended him. 15．Which program did the man take part in? A．Adopt-A-Beach. B．Saturday Warriors. C．Beach Captains. 16．What does the man say about the members of Heal the Bay? A．They’re brave. B．They’re creative. C．They’re warm-hearted. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．Who is the speaker probably? A．A guide. B．A hostess. C．A tourist. 18．What was the original price of the tour package? A．$1,430. B．$2,460. C．$2,860. 19．What does the tour package cover? A．Flight tickets. B．Lunch and dinner. C．A 5-night hotel stay. 20．What does the speaker advise the listeners to do? A．Book in advance. B．Travel in large groups. C．Wait for more promotions. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（本大题共15小题，共37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。 A Scholarships at Penn State Each year, Penn State enrolls many outstanding and academically talented students. Approximately one in four undergraduates receive a University scholarship. Awards vary and are determined by donor guidelines, based on merit, financial need, or a combination of both, as defined by the specific scholarship program. Penn State Commonwealth Award The Commonwealth Award is offered annually to first-time, first-year students who are residents of Pennsylvania and enroll at a Penn State campus other than University Park (main campus) or World Campus (online-only campus) for the fall semester following their high school graduation. Transfer students are not eligible (有资格的). Penn State Discover Award The Discover Award is given to first-time, first-year domestic students who enroll at a Pen n State campus other than University Park or World Campus for both the fall and spring semesters following high school graduation. Transfer students in degree programs that can be completed at other Penn State campuses are also eligible. Penn State Provost’s Award The Provost’s Award is a four-year award available to first-time, first-year students admitted to any of Penn State’s twenty undergraduate campuses, excluding World Campus. It is open to both Pennsylvania and non-Pennsylvania residents, as well as international students, and is highly competitive. Transfer students are not eligible. It’s important to note that Penn State cannot guarantee an award to every student who ranks at the top of their class. While Penn State does not match offers from other colleges, they are happy to discuss other funding options that may work best for your family. 1. Who can apply for both Commonwealth Award and Discover Award? A. Domestic transfer student (University Park). B. International freshman (branch campus, both semesters). C. Pennsylvania resident freshman (branch campus, both semesters). D. Pennsylvania resident transfer student (branch campus, both semesters). 2. Which of the following is right about the Provost’s Award? A. Open to transfers in any semester. B. For new graduate students worldwide. C. Includes international undergraduates. D. For online degree applicants. 3. What does Penn State emphasize regarding scholarship offers? A. Only needy students get aid. B. Top students are guaranteed funds. C. They compete with other colleges. D. Even top applicants might not receive. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚州立大学（Penn State）的几种奖学金，包括奖学金的授予对象、申请资格等信息。 1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Penn State Commonwealth Award部分“The Commonwealth Award is offered annually to first-time, first-year students who are residents of Pennsylvania and enroll at a Penn State campus other than University Park (main campus) or World Campus (online-only campus) for the fall semester following their high school graduation.(联邦奖每年颁发给宾夕法尼亚州居民的第一年新生，他们在高中毕业后的秋季学期就读于宾夕法尼亚州立大学校园，而不是University Park（主校区）或World Campus（仅在线校区）。)”以 Penn State Discover Award部分“The Discover Award is given to first-time, first-year domestic students who enroll at a Pen n State campus other than University Park or World Campus for both the fall and spring semesters following high school graduation.(Discover Award发给高中毕业后秋季和春季学期在宾夕法尼亚州立大学校园（University Park或World Campus 除外）注册的第一年国内学生。)”并结合选项可知，宾夕法尼亚州居民身份的大一新生（分校，两个学期均就读），符合两个奖项要求。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Penn State Provost’s Award部分“It is open to both Pennsylvania and non-Pennsylvania residents, as well as international students, and is highly competitive. (它对宾夕法尼亚州和非宾夕法尼亚州居民以及国际学生开放，竞争激烈。)”可知，Provost’s Award奖项包括国际本科生。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。据最后一段“It’s important to note that Penn State cannot guarantee an award to every student who ranks at the top of their class. (值得注意的是，宾夕法尼亚州立大学不能保证每一位在班上名列前茅的学生都能获奖。)”可知，即使是优秀的申请者也可能得不到（奖学金）。故选D。 B Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of the food produced worldwide is wasted every year, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons. Josh, however, isn’t just talking about the problem — he’s actively working to solve it. Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. The platform allows companies to sell or donate food that might otherwise go to waste, creating a win-win situation for both businesses and communities in need. Josh’s journey into the world of food waste innovation began while he was working in the tech industry. He realized that just like many other industries, food production and distribution could benefit from more efficient management. His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. By streamlining (优化) food distribution and connecting businesses with organizations in need, Josh’s platform helps to redirect millions of pounds of food away from landfills. One of the most important aspects of Josh’s approach is the use of technology to solve a real-world problem. Through data analytics and a user-friendly interface, Spoiler Alert has transformed the way companies think about waste. Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. Josh’s work not only reduces food waste but also helps provide food to those who need it most. His platform has already been adopted by large companies in the food industry, and it continues to grow as more businesses recognize the potential of reducing waste while giving back to their communities. Through his innovation, Josh Klein is showing the world how technology and entrepreneurship (企业家精神) can make a meaningful impact on society. By tackling food waste, he is helping to create a more sustainable future for everyone. 4. What is the main goal of Josh Klein’s startup Spoiler Alert? A. To support agricultural development in poor regions. B. To optimize food production processes for companies. C. To address food waste through nonprofit partnerships. D. To minimize waste by commercializing excess food. 5. How does Spoiler Alert assist businesses in reducing food waste? A. By offering real-time data to track food waste. B. By selling surplus food to consumers directly. C. By offering large discounts on food production. D. By providing a platform to advertise surplus food. 6. What change in business attitude does Josh Klein’s platform promote? A. Focusing only on reducing food production costs. B. Treating excess food as a loss rather than a resource. C. Reducing the amount of food produced to minimize waste. D. Viewing surplus food as a valuable resource for donation. 7. Which of the following best describes Josh Klein? A. Creative and honest. B. Passionate and generous. C. Innovative and determined. D. Ambitious and warm-hearted. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍约什·克莱因作为环保创新者，创办Spoiler Alert公司，利用科技连接剩余食物与需求方，减少食物浪费并助力公益。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. (约什·克莱因创办了初创公司Spoiler Alert，该公司通过将剩余食物与慈善组织和食品银行连接起来，帮助企业管理并减少食物浪费。)”可知，Spoiler Alert的主要目标是通过与非营利组织合作来解决食物浪费问题。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. (他的公司Spoiler Alert利用科技向企业提供实时数据，帮助它们追踪食物浪费情况，并做出更明智的决策。)”可知，Spoiler Alert通过提供实时数据帮助企业追踪食物浪费，从而协助减少浪费。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. (企业不再将剩余食物视为损失，而是能够将其视为可以造福他人的宝贵资源。)”可知，该平台促使企业态度发生转变，即把剩余食物看作可捐赠的宝贵资源。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. (约什·克莱因是为全球最紧迫的环境问题之一——食物浪费——寻找创新性解决方案的先驱。)”以及全文中他创办公司、利用科技持续推动减少食物浪费的行动可知，他具备“创新性（Innovative）”；同时，他不仅提出问题，还积极通过实际行动解决问题，体现出“坚定的（determined）”品质。故选C项。 C Protecting endangered species is an urgent priority for conservationists worldwide. However, a more effective approach may lie in addressing the causes of species endangerment before they reach the brink of extinction. Rather than relying solely on emergency measures, such as endangered species lists and rehabilitation (修复) efforts, conservation experts are now pushing for a more proactive approach to biodiversity preservation. One of the main drivers of species extinction is habitat destruction. As forests are cut down, wetlands drained, and oceans polluted, wildlife lose their homes. When animals cannot find food or shelter, they often become endangered or extinct. Climate change is another significant threat, as it alters the ecosystems that animals depend on for survival. These rapid changes in the environment often leave species unable to adapt quickly enough, pushing them closer to extinction. One solution is the preservation of entire ecosystems. Rather than focusing only on individual species, conservationists are now working to protect habitats and landscapes that provide vital resources for many species. For example, by protecting forests or coral reefs, entire ecosystems are safeguarded, allowing the biodiversity they support to thrive. This holistic (整体的) approach helps prevent the need for emergency protection measures for individual species, as it addresses the root causes of species decline. Another strategy involves sustainable resource management. Many species are threatened by over-exploitation, including poaching (偷猎), fishing, and hunting. Governments and organizations are working to establish regulations that promote the sustainable use of natural resources. By ensuring that ecosystems are not overburdened, these measures help preserve biodiversity and reduce the risk of species extinction. In conclusion, while emergency measures like endangered species protection are necessary, a more effective long-term strategy is to focus on ecosystem conservation and sustainable resource use. Protecting the environments that animals rely on is essential for preventing the loss of biodiversity and ensuring the survival of future generations of wildlife. 8. What does the underlined word “brink” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Limit. B. Rescue. C. Crisis. D. Edge. 9. What can we learn from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Over-harvesting marine life is biodiversity’s greatest danger. B. Single-species conservation yields optimal results. C. Regulating the use of natural resources helps protect biodiversity. D. Habitat protection removes the need for all other actions. 10. What does the conclusion emphasize? A. Ecosystem conservation is fundamental. B. Protection of individual species is key. C. Sustainable resource use should be ignored. D. Emergency measures are the most important. 11. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A nature documentary script. B. A wildlife conservation report. C. A climate change policy document. D. An environmental magazine article. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了全球物种保护的重要性，强调了栖息地破坏和气候变化是物种灭绝主要原因，提倡保护生态系统和可持续资源管理，以实现长远的生物多样性保护。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线句“However, a more effective approach may lie in addressing the causes of species endangerment before they reach the brink of extinction.(然而，更有效的办法可能是在物种到达灭绝brink之前解决它们濒危的原因)”可知，“brink”指的是某事即将发生的“边缘”，通常用来表示接近某种危机或极限状态。所以这里的意思是物种接近灭绝的“边缘”。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三内容和第四段中“Governments and organizations are working to establish regulations that promote the sustainable use of natural resources. By ensuring that ecosystems are not overburdened, these measures help preserve biodiversity and reduce the risk of species extinction.(各国政府和组织正在努力制定规章制度，促进自然资源的可持续利用。通过确保生态系统不会负担过重，这些措施有助于保护生物多样性并减少物种灭绝的风险)”可知，文章提到了可持续资源管理的重要性，强调通过制定相关规定，合理管理自然资源，可以有效保护生物多样性。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段结论中“In conclusion, while emergency measures like endangered species protection are necessary, a more effective long-term strategy is to focus on ecosystem conservation and sustainable resource use. Protecting the environments that animals rely on is essential for preventing the loss of biodiversity and ensuring the survival of future generations of wildlife.(综上所述，虽然保护濒危物种等紧急措施是必要的，但更有效的长期战略是注重生态系统保护和资源的可持续利用。保护动物赖以生存的环境对于防止生物多样性丧失和确保野生动物后代的生存至关重要)”可知，文章强调了保护整个生态系统和可持续资源使用的重要性，指出这才是更有效的长期战略，而不是仅仅依赖紧急的物种保护措施。因此，选项A“生态系统保护至关重要”是正确的。选项B、C和D则与文章的结论不符。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。文章围绕野生动物保护策略展开，逻辑严谨，依次分析物种濒危原因（栖息地破坏、气候变化）、提出解决方案（生态系统整体保护、可持续资源管理），并总结长期策略的重要性。这种“问题分析—解决方案—结论”的框架是典型的报告类文本的特征，尤其是政策建议或学术报告。故选B。 D Imagine waking up feeling anxious and hopeless. You think, “I’ll never be happy. Nothing I do matters.” The more you focus on these thoughts, the worse you feel. But what’s really going on? Are your thoughts causing your feelings, or is it the other way around? For centuries, people have debated the cause of emotional suffering. Is it childhood trauma (创伤)? A chemical imbalance in the brain? A lack of love and connection? Every school of psychology has its own theory, with hundreds of ideas but little conclusive proof. Over 1,700 years ago, the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus proposed a different theory. He argued that it’s not life events that upset us, but our thoughts about them. This idea became the foundation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT suggests that if you change the way you think, you can change the way you feel. It’s an exciting claim — but is it true? We decided to test it using data from a new mental health app. In our first study, we analyzed data from 290 testers of the Feeling Great app. Unlike traditional studies that rely on broad, retrospective (回顾性) surveys (asking how you’ve felt over the past two weeks), our app measured users’ negative thoughts and feelings in the here and now, using new, extremely sensitive scales. This distinction is crucial. By tracking moment-to-moment changes, we could test if negative thoughts (e.g., “I’m a failure”) actually cause negative feelings or if it’s the other way around. On average, users who reduced their belief in their negative thought to zero experienced an 87% reduction in seven negative emotions during their first session. Our data strongly supports CBT’s central idea that thoughts shape emotions far more than emotions shape thoughts. To ensure that our findings were solid, we conducted a second independent study with 1,393 users of an AI-enhanced version of the app. The results? Practically identical. Interestingly, with the larger sample size, we did detect a small but statistically significant effect of emotions influencing thoughts — but the effect was barely detectable and far weaker than the impact of thoughts on feelings. This suggests that emotions can sometimes influence thoughts, but the effect is minor in comparison to the power of thoughts to shape emotions. And that’s a discovery Epictetus would have been proud of. 12. What is the central idea of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) discussed in the article? A. Changing how you think can affect how you feel. B. Life events are the main cause of our emotional struggles. C. Childhood trauma is the root cause of emotional distress. D. Emotions shape thoughts more than thoughts shape emotions. 13 What was different about the Feeling Great app study? A. It focused on physical symptoms. B. It tracked thoughts and feelings in real-time. C. It asked users to recall past emotions. D. It tracked emotions over a long period. 14. What did the second study show? A. Users’ emotions were unchanged. B Emotions greatly affect your thinking. C. Thoughts and emotions are unrelated. D. Thoughts have a stronger effect on emotions. 15. Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A. The Power of Emotions: How They Shape Our Thoughts B. Childhood Trauma and Depression: Unveiling the Connection C. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Changing How We Think to Feel Better D. What Causes Depression: New Research Confirms Ancient Wisdom 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了认知行为疗法及其科学验证。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“CBT suggests that if you change the way you think, you can change the way you feel. (认知行为疗法认为，如果你改变思维方式，就能改变感受方式。)”可知，认知行为疗法的核心观点是改变思维方式可以影响感受方式。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlike traditional studies that rely on broad, retrospective (回顾性) surveys (asking how you’ve felt over the past two weeks), our app measured users’ negative thoughts and feelings in the here and now, using new, extremely sensitive scales. (与传统的依赖于广泛、回顾性调查（询问过去两周的感受）的研究不同，我们的应用程序使用新的、极其敏感的量表来测量用户此时此地的负面想法和感受。)”可知，Feeling Great应用程序研究的不同之处在于它实时追踪了想法和感受。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This suggests that emotions can sometimes influence thoughts, but the effect is minor in comparison to the power of thoughts to shape emotions. (这表明情绪有时会影响想法，但与想法塑造情绪的力量相比，这种影响微不足道。)”可知，第二项研究表明想法对情绪的影响更大。故选D。 15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是结合第三段中“Over 1,700 years ago, the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus proposed a different theory. He argued that it’s not life events that upset us, but our thoughts about them. This idea became the foundation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT suggests that if you change the way you think, you can change the way you feel. It’s an exciting claim — but is it true? We decided to test it using data from a new mental health app. (1700多年前，希腊斯多葛学派哲学家爱比克泰德提出了一个不同理论。他认为，让我们心烦意乱的并不是生活事件本身，而是我们对它们的看法。这一观点成为了认知行为疗法（CBT）的基础。CBT认为，如果你改变思维方式，就能改变感受方式。这是一个令人兴奋的说法——但它是真的吗？我们决定利用一款新的心理健康应用程序的数据来验证这一点。)”可知，文章介绍了新研究通过验证认知行为疗法的理论，证实了古老智慧（即思想对情绪的影响）在抑郁症成因中的重要性，D选项“What Causes Depression: New Research Confirms Ancient Wisdom (是什么导致了抑郁症：新研究证实古老智慧)”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节（本大题共5小题，共12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Effective Study Habits Developing good study habits is crucial for academic success, yet many students struggle with inefficient methods. Simply spending long hours reviewing materials doesn’t guarantee results. ____16____ The key lies in working smarter, not harder. Here are some practical strategies to improve your learning efficiency. Begin by creating a structured study plan. ____17____ Break large tasks into smaller, manageable parts and assign specific time blocks for each. Include clear objectives like “complete 10 practice questions” rather than vague goals like “study chemistry.” For example, dedicate 25 minutes to math problems followed by a 5-minute break. This approach, known as the Pomodoro Technique (番茄工作法), helps maintain focus while preventing burnout. Your study environment matters more than you might think. ____18____ Turn off phone notifications, use noise-canceling headphones if needed, and keep your desk tidy. Ensure adequate lighting and a comfortable chair to avoid body discomfort. Research shows that regularly studying in the same place helps your brain enter “focus mode” faster. Many students make the mistake of passive reading. Instead, actively engage with the material. ____19____ Try summarizing concepts in your own words, teaching the content to a friend, or creating flashcards for self-testing. Studies indicate that group discussions improve understanding of ideas by up to 60% compared to studying alone. These methods help you remember information far better than simply marking important parts in books. Finally, prioritize quality sleep and regular breaks. ____20____ Studies show that information gets strengthened during rest periods. Take short walks or move your body during breaks to improve blood flow. Remember, effective learning isn’t about marathon sessions — it’s about consistent, mindful practice combined with proper recovery. A. Establish clear priorities and deadlines. B. Choose a quiet space with minimal distractions. C. What truly matters is how you use your study time. D. Switch subjects daily to maintain mental freshness. E. Explain complex theories aloud as if tutoring someone. F. Use apps to completely block social media during sessions. G. Staying up all night to study might seem productive, but it rarely works. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有效学习的重要性，并从制定学习计划、选择学习环境、积极学习、保证睡眠和休息等方面给出了提高学习效率的实用策略。 【16题详解】 上文“Simply spending long hours reviewing materials doesn’t guarantee results. (仅仅花很长时间复习资料并不能保证有效果)”指出长时间学习不一定有成效，C选项“What truly matters is how you use your study time. (真正重要的是你如何利用你的学习时间)”与上文形成呼应，进一步强调学习时间的利用方式比时长更重要，引出下文关于有效学习策略的内容。故选C项。 【17题详解】 上文“Begin by creating a structured study plan. (首先制定一个有条理的学习计划)”表明要制定学习计划，A选项“Establish clear priorities and deadlines. (确定明确的优先级和截止日期)”是制定学习计划的具体做法，与后文“Break large tasks into smaller, manageable parts and assign specific time blocks for each. (把大任务分解成更小、可管理的部分，并为每个部分分配特定的时间段)”相呼应，共同阐述了如何制定有效的学习计划。故选A项。 【18题详解】 上文“Your study environment matters more than you might think. (你的学习环境比你想象的更重要)”强调了学习环境的重要性，B选项“Choose a quiet space with minimal distractions. (选择一个安静、干扰最少的空间)”是对选择合适学习环境的具体说明，下文“Turn off phone notifications, use noise canceling headphones if needed, and keep your desk tidy. (关闭手机通知，如果需要的话使用降噪耳机，并保持桌面整洁)”也是在围绕减少干扰的学习环境展开。故选B项。 【19题详解】 上文“Instead, actively engage with the material. (相反，要积极地与学习材料互动)”提出要积极学习，E选项“Explain complex theories aloud as if tutoring someone. (像给别人辅导一样大声解释复杂的理论)”是积极学习的具体方式，与后文“Try summarizing concepts in your own words, teaching the content to a friend, or creating flashcards for self-testing. (试着用自己的话总结概念，把内容教给朋友，或者制作抽认卡进行自我测试)”都属于积极学习的方法。故选E项。 【20题详解】 上文“Finally, prioritize quality sleep and regular breaks. (最后，要优先保证高质量的睡眠和定期休息)”强调了睡眠和休息的重要性，G选项“Staying up all night to study might seem productive, but it rarely works. (通宵学习可能看起来很有成效，但很少有效果)”从反面说明了不保证睡眠和休息不利于学习，与上文强调的内容相呼应。故选G项。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完型填空（本大题共15小题，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 23-year-old Kazakh man-made history by becoming the first in his country to ____21____ a traffic ticket in court with the help of ChatGPT. In December 2024, Kenzhebek Ismailov was driving his mother to the hospital when the car ahead ____22____ stopped for no apparent reason, blocking the only lane. To avoid a long wait, he used the bus lane but surveillance (监视) cameras ____23____ his move, resulting in a fine. After his initial ____24____ was rejected, he turned to court. Unwilling to hire a lawyer for a small fine, Ismailov ____25____ ChatGPT for legal assistance. The AI analyzed his case, reviewed video evidence, and even ____26____ legal documents. On social media, Ismailov shared that traffic authority personnel were initially very rude, ____27____ his complaint. After filing the lawsuit, the authority ____28____ him, offering to cancel the fine and returning the money to him. But ChatGPT advised him ____29____ dropping the lawsuit. So he went to the court instead. During a 10-miniute hearing where he was asked ____30____ questions by a judge, Ismailov used ChatGPT’s speech synthesis to answer the questions. The AI’s responses were so ____31____ that the judge canceled the fine. “This trial was 99% ____32____ by ChatGPT,” Ismailov said, who claimed to have only challenged the traffic violation out of ____33____. Now, he plans to ____34____ the police for his wasted time, again ____35____ AI assistance. 21. A. appeal B. ignore C. pay D. record 22. A. suddenly B. slowly C. politely D. rarely 23. A. pick up B. take on C. turn up D. set off 24. A. apology B. complaint C. payment D. excuse 25. A. questioned B. criticized C. consulted D. programmed 26. A. edited B. drafted C. mentioned D. printed 27. A. dismissing B. receiving C. addressing D. withdrawing 28. A. arrested B. fined C. contacted D. thanked 29. A. in B. on C. against D. of 30. A. legal B. awkward C. difficult D. multiple 31. A. confusing B. humorous C. convincing D. boring 32. A. opposed B. conducted C. recorded D. imagined 33. A. principle B. question C. control D. doubt 34. A. charge B. praise C. warn D. forgive 35. A. without B. despite C. beyond D. with 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位哈萨克斯坦男子借助ChatGPT在法庭上成功撤销交通罚单的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2024年12月，一名23岁的哈萨克斯坦男子创造了历史，成为该国第一个在ChatGPT的帮助下在法庭上对交通罚单提出上诉的人。A. appeal上诉；B. ignore忽视；C. pay支付；D. record记录。根据后文“a traffic ticket in court”和“he turned to court”可知，此处指对交通罚单提出上诉。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：2024年12月，Kenzhebek Ismailov开车送母亲去医院时，前面的车突然无缘无故地停了下来，挡住了唯一的车道。A. suddenly突然地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. politely礼貌地；D. rarely罕见地。根据后文“stopped for no apparent reason, blocking the only lane”可知，前面的车突然无缘无故地停了下来。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为避免长时间等待，他使用了公交专用道，但监控摄像头捕捉到了他的行为，导致被罚款。A. pick up捕捉，捡起；B. take on承担；C. turn up出现；D. set off触发，引起。根据前文“surveillance (监视) cameras”和后文“resulting in a fine”可知，监控摄像头“捕捉”到违规行为，导致他被罚款。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的首次申诉被驳回后，他向法院提起诉讼。A. apology道歉；B. complaint申诉，投诉；C. payment支付；D. excuse借口。根据后文“was rejected, he turned to court”可知，此处指他的首次申诉被驳回。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ismailov不愿为小额罚款聘请律师，于是向ChatGPT寻求法律援助。A. questioned质疑；B. criticized批评；C. consulted咨询；D. programmed编程。根据后文“ChatGPT for legal assistance”可知，此处指向ChatGPT寻求法律援助，即咨询ChatGPT。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款人工智能分析了他的案件，查看了视频证据，甚至起草了法律文件。A. edited编辑；B. drafted起草；C. mentioned提及；D. printed打印。根据后文“legal documents”可知，此处指起草法律文件。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ismailov在社交媒体上分享说，交通部门的工作人员一开始非常粗鲁，驳回了他的投诉。A. dismissing驳回，不予理会；B. receiving接收；C. addressing处理；D. withdrawing撤回。根据上文“traffic authority personnel were initially very rude”以及后文“After filing the lawsuit”可知，交通部门的工作人员一开始非常粗鲁，驳回了他的投诉。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：提起诉讼后，该部门联系了他，提出取消罚款并将钱退还给他。A. arrested逮捕；B. fined罚款；C. contacted联系；D. thanked感谢。根据后文“him, offering to cancel the fine and returning the money to him”可知，此处指该部门联系了他。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：但ChatGPT建议他不要放弃诉讼。A. in在里面；B. on在上面；C. against反对；D. of属于。根据后文“dropping the lawsuit”以及“So he went to the court instead.”可知，ChatGPT建议他不要放弃诉讼，advise sb. against doing sth.表示“建议某人不要做某事”。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在10分钟的听证会上，法官问了他多个问题，Ismailov使用ChatGPT的语音合成功能来回答问题。A. legal法律的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. difficult困难的；D. multiple多个的。根据后文“questions by a judge”可知，此处指法官问了他多个问题。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人工智能的回答如此令人信服，以至于法官取消了罚款。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. humorous幽默的；C. convincing令人信服的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“that the judge canceled the fine”可知，人工智能的回答如此令人信服，以至于法官取消了罚款。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这次审判99%是由ChatGPT实施的，”Ismailov说，他声称自己只是出于原则才质疑交通违规行为。A. opposed反对；B. conducted进行，实施；C. recorded记录；D. imagined想象。根据前文“The AI analyzed his case, reviewed video evidence, and even ____ legal documents.”和后文“by ChatGPT”可知，此处指这次审判99%是由ChatGPT实施的。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. principle原则；B. question问题；C. control控制；D. doubt怀疑。根据前文“claimed to have only challenged the traffic violation out of”可知，他挑战罚单并非为钱，而是坚持原则。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他打算起诉警方浪费了他的时间，再次借助人工智能的帮助。A. charge起诉；B. praise赞美；C. warn警告；D. forgive原谅。根据后文“the police for his wasted time”可知，此处指起诉警方浪费了他的时间。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. without没有；B. despite尽管；C. beyond超过；D. with借助。根据后文“AI assistance”可知，此处指再次借助人工智能的帮助。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A digital exhibition spotlighting Niya ruins site in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, is set to open to public on Jan. 25 in Shanghai, offering visitors ____36____ unique immersive experience on the site’s excavation (挖掘) while learning about the region’s ancient cultures. Running until July 25, the exhibition is hosted by the publicity department of the city’s Huangpu district and the Xinjiang Museum. It will also be the first exhibition, ____37____ (feature) over 100 pieces of cultural artifacts as well as digital interpretation of history ____38____ (integrate) with advanced and interactive technologies. Among the cultural relics, a precious copy of the national treasure-level artifact “Five Stars Rise in the East” brocade arm protector from the Xinjiang Museum, ____39____ was unearthed in 1995 at the Niya site, will be ____40____ display in Shanghai for the first time. ____41____ (notable), it is labeled as one of the greatest archaeological ____42____ (discovery) in China in the 20th century. Working with the French virtual reality team from Backlight Studio, the digital exhibition titled Seven Days of the Cad’ota ____43____ (aim) to recreate the excavation site and lead visitors through the region’s history and ancient daily life from a first-person perspective. The exhibition explores deep into the historic, artistic and ____44____ (science) values of cultural relics in Xinjiang. With the latest technologies, ____45____ breathes new life into Xinjiang’s cultural heritages, comprehensively presenting the history and charm of the Niya site and Xinjiang. 【答案】36. a 37. featuring 38. integrated 39. which 40. on 41. Notably 42. discoveries 43. aims 44. scientific 45. it 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。新疆尼雅遗址数字展览将于1月25日在上海开幕，展期持续至7月25日。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：一场聚焦新疆维吾尔自治区尼雅遗址的数字展览将于1月25日在上海向公众开放，为参观者提供一次独特的沉浸式考古挖掘体验，同时展现该地区的古代文化。根据空格后的单数名词experience可知，空格处应该用不定冠词表示“一”，unique的发音是辅音音素开头，所以用a。故填a。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是首个汇集100余件文物的展览，并融合先进交互技术对历史进行数字化诠释。空格处应该用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词exhibition，动词feature与名词exhibition之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词featuring作后置定语。故填featuring。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这也是首个汇集100余件文物的展览，并融合先进交互技术对历史进行数字化诠释。空格处应该用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语digital interpretation，动词integrate与名词短语digital interpretation之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词integrated作后置定语。故填integrated。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：展品中，新疆博物馆藏国宝级文物“五星出东方利中国”锦护臂的珍贵复制品（1995年尼雅遗址出土）将首次在上海展出。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a precious copy of the national treasure-level artifact “Five Stars Rise in the East” brocade arm protector进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以，用关系代词which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：展品中，新疆博物馆藏国宝级文物“五星出东方利中国”锦护臂的珍贵复制品（1995年尼雅遗址出土）将首次在上海展出。on display“展览，公开展出”是固定搭配。故填on。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，该文物被誉为20世纪中国最伟大的考古发现之一。空格处作状语，修饰下文的句子，应该用副词notably，注意首字母大写，故填Notably。 【42题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：值得注意的是，该文物被誉为20世纪中国最伟大的考古发现之一。“one of the+名词复数”是固定搭配，所以空格处应该用复数形式discoveries。故填discoveries。 【43题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：展览与法国Backlight Studio虚拟现实团队合作，以《尼雅七日书》为题，旨在通过第一视角还原考古现场，带领观众穿越时空，感受西域历史与古代日常生活。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语是the digital exhibition，谓语动词用三单形式。故填aims。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这次展览深入探索了新疆文物的历史、艺术和科学价值。根据句意和空格后的名词values可知，空格处应该用形容词scientific作定语，修饰后面的名词。故填scientific。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：借助最新技术，它为新疆的文化遗产注入了新的活力，全面展示了尼雅遗址和新疆的历史与魅力。空格处作主语，代指上文的The exhibition，应该用代词it。故填it。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（本大题共1小题，共15分） 46. 假如你将参加以“Family responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love”为题的英语演讲比赛，请你为此写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：（1）中学生在家庭中的责任；（2）重要意义。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Family Responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love Dear teachers and friends, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】 Family Responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love Dear teachers and friends, As teenagers, we might think family responsibility is beyond us. But in reality, it starts with simple daily actions, small gestures that transform love into tangible acts. Helping with chores, listening to grandparents’ stories, or sharing our day with parents may seem insignificant. Yet these moments, like seeds, grow into trust and connection. I realized this last winter while caring for my sick mother. While juggling school and her care, I understood: responsibility isn’t about perfection, but about presence. Family is where we first learn accountability. Let’s honor this bond not just with words, but through consistent, compassionate action. Thank you. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，参加以“Family responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love”为题的英语演讲比赛。其内容包括：中学生在家庭中的责任和重要意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 事实上：in reality →in fact 以……开始：start with →begin with 意识到：realize→be aware of 帮助：help→assist 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Helping with chores, listening to grandparents’ stories, or sharing our day with parents may seem insignificant. （动名词作主语） 拓展句：It may seem insignificant to help with chores, listen to grandparents’ stories, or share our day with parents. （it作形式主语和不定式作逻辑主语） 【点睛】【高分句型 1】As teenagers, we might think family responsibility is beyond us.（运用了省略 that引导的宾语从句 ） 【高分句型 2】While juggling school and her care, I understood: responsibility isn’t about perfection, but about presence.（运用了状语从句的省略 ） 第二节 读后续写（本大题共1小题，共25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maplewood High is a senior high school, its brick walls soaked in the smell of autumn leaves and teenage opinions. Sixteen-year-old Alex Carter moved through its halls, driven by a sharp tongue and an even better fastball, his easy smile hiding a trail of planned shortcuts — copied homework here, a well-timed white lie there. Under the blinking lights of Mrs. Keller’s chemistry class, he’d once swapped his failed lab report with Jamie Lee’s perfect work, avoiding her complaints by saying it was “teamwork.” But on a cool October afternoon, as golden sunlight shone through the trees, a single swing of his bat broke the careful balance he’d built. The game — Taylor Morgan’s sudden idea for an after-school home run contest behind the gym — had gone wrong. Alex’s hands felt cold through his batting gloves when the pitch came, a tricky curveball that made him lose balance. The loud hit echoed strangely. For one heartbeat, he watched the ball fly sideways, breaking the gym’s big window like a cracked mirror. Then came the sharp noise of glass breaking, pieces falling like jagged ice. Taylor appeared next to him, her breath showing in the cold air. “They’ll stop you from playing in playoffs,” the thin soccer player whispered, already stepping back. Alex’s shoes dug into the fallen leaves as he ran away, his mouth tasting metal from fear. The next morning, Principal Harper’s voice came over the loudspeaker: “Whoever broke that window will be punished.” By lunch, stories had spread about Jordan Wright, a quiet sophomore once suspended for fighting. Alex watched, stomach in knots, as Principal Harper questioned Jordan in the hallway. “I didn’t do it,” the boy said quietly, but the blame had already stuck. Jamie Lee, his closest friend since third grade, stopped him at his locker. “You need to tell the truth,” she urged, her usually cheerful face now serious. “Jordan shouldn’t get blamed.” Taylor slid beside them, rolling her eyes. “Why ruin your future? That kid’s already in trouble.” Alex looked at his worn sneakers, remembering his dad’s ad vice from last summer: “Anyone can make mistakes—facing them takes courage.” 注意：（1）续写词数应为150词左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At school, he avoided the gym, its broken window seemed to mock (嘲笑) him. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, Alex stood before the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 At school, he avoided the gym, its broken window seemed to mock him. That night, Alex tossed in bed, imagining Jordan’s angry glare. The weight of his silence pressed down harder than any consequence he might face. That afternoon, he marched into Principal Harper’s office, his voice steady despite his racing heart. “It was me,” he admitted, detailing the accident. The principal’s stern expression softened slightly. “Honesty doesn’t erase the mistake,” she said, “but it’s the first step in making things right.” The next day, Alex stood before the class. He apologized to Jordan and offered to cover the window repairs with his savings. Jamie smiled proudly, while Taylor scoffed — but even her scoff couldn’t diminish the quiet relief in Alex’s chest. Later, Jordan found Alex cleaning whiteboards as punishment. “Thanks,” they mumbled. “People always think the worst of me.” Alex’s face warmed. “I’m sorry I stayed quiet.” For weeks, Alex mopped floors and repainted benches after school. His parents grounded him but praised his honesty. He finally grasped that honesty wasn’t just about avoiding lies; it was about rebuilding trust, one small act of responsibility at a time. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述的是高中生亚历克斯常走捷径，一次击球打破体育馆窗户后逃跑，乔丹被误认肇事者。好友杰米・李劝他坦白，泰勒却让他隐瞒，亚历克斯想起父亲关于勇气的话。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“在学校，他避开体育馆，那扇破窗户似乎在嘲笑他。”可知，第一段可描写亚历克斯因愧疚躲避体育馆，夜晚被良心折磨，最终鼓起勇气向校长坦白的心理挣扎与行动。 ②由第二段句首内容“第二天，亚历克斯站在全班面前。”可知，第二段可写亚历克斯在全班面前道歉并承担赔偿责任，展现不同人物的反应，以及他通过受罚劳动领悟诚实与责任的意义，升华主题。 2.续写线索：躲避愧疚——内心煎熬——主动坦白——公开担责——劳动反思——领悟升华 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①辗转难眠：toss in bed/turn restlessly in bed ②走进办公室：march into the office/enter the office firmly ③道歉：apologize/say sorry 情绪类 ①愤怒的：angry/indignant ②骄傲地：proudly/with pride 【点睛】【高分句型1】That night, Alex tossed in bed, imagining Jordan’s angry glare. (运用了现在分词imagining作状语) 【高分句型2】He finally grasped that honesty wasn’t just about avoiding lies; it was about rebuilding trust, one small act of responsibility at a time. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-25学年下学期临江高中高二年级第二次段考（英语）试题 总分：150分 注意：请在答题卡上作答 第一部分 听力（本大题共20小题，共30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will the man probably do for the woman next? A．Buy a new ruler. B．Measure her hands. C．Get another pair of gloves. 2．What time is it now? A．About 2 p. m. B．About 3 p. m. C．About 5 p. m. 3．What is the man’s problem? A．He lost his bank card. B．He forgot his bank card password. C．He put money into the wrong bank account. 4．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．John’s study. B．John’s health. C．John’s hobbies. 5．What will happen to Tom Jones? A．He’ll get fired. B．He’ll be fined heavily. C．He’ll be given a pay cut. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Couple. B．Colleagues. C．Landlord and renter. 7．Why does the man talk to the woman? A．To ask about a house rental. B．To complain about his income. C．To invite her to an open house. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．What is the topic of the presentation? A．Music. B．Painting. C．Sculpture. 9．How will the speakers start their presentation? A．By giving an outline. B．By playing a video. C．By showing an artwork. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10．What does the man want to do in the beginning? A．Buy a refrigerator. B．Repair a refrigerator. C．Return a refrigerator. 11．What does the woman do with the situation? A．She lowers the price. B．She corrects the instruction. C．She explains the method of use. 12．How does the man sound at the end? A．Confused. B．Embarrassed. C．Disappointed. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13．How often does the man go to the beach? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Once a month. 14．Why did the man join Heal the Bay? A．His cousin invited him. B．His parents influenced him. C．His friend recommended him. 15．Which program did the man take part in? A．Adopt-A-Beach. B．Saturday Warriors. C．Beach Captains. 16．What does the man say about the members of Heal the Bay? A．They’re brave. B．They’re creative. C．They’re warm-hearted. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17．Who is the speaker probably? A．A guide. B．A hostess. C．A tourist. 18．What was the original price of the tour package? A．$1,430. B．$2,460. C．$2,860. 19．What does the tour package cover? A．Flight tickets B．Lunch and dinner. C．A 5-night hotel stay. 20．What does the speaker advise the listeners to do? A．Book in advance. B．Travel in large groups. C．Wait for more promotions. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（本大题共15小题，共37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。 A Scholarships at Penn State Each year, Penn State enrolls many outstanding and academically talented students. Approximately one in four undergraduates receive a University scholarship. Awards vary and are determined by donor guidelines, based on merit, financial need, or a combination of both, as defined by the specific scholarship program. Penn State Commonwealth Award The Commonwealth Award is offered annually to first-time, first-year students who are residents of Pennsylvania and enroll at a Penn State campus other than University Park (main campus) or World Campus (online-only campus) for the fall semester following their high school graduation. Transfer students are not eligible (有资格的). Penn State Discover Award The Discover Award is given to first-time, first-year domestic students who enroll at a Pen n State campus other than University Park or World Campus for both the fall and spring semesters following high school graduation. Transfer students in degree programs that can be completed at other Penn State campuses are also eligible. Penn State Provost’s Award The Provost’s Award is a four-year award available to first-time, first-year students admitted to any of Penn State’s twenty undergraduate campuses, excluding World Campus. It is open to both Pennsylvania and non-Pennsylvania residents, as well as international students, and is highly competitive. Transfer students are not eligible. It’s important to note that Penn State cannot guarantee an award to every student who ranks at the top of their class. While Penn State does not match offers from other colleges, they are happy to discuss other funding options that may work best for your family. 1. Who can apply for both Commonwealth Award and Discover Award? A. Domestic transfer student (University Park). B. International freshman (branch campus, both semesters). C. Pennsylvania resident freshman (branch campus, both semesters). D. Pennsylvania resident transfer student (branch campus, both semesters). 2. Which of the following is right about the Provost’s Award? A. Open to transfers in any semester. B. For new graduate students worldwide. C. Includes international undergraduates. D. For online degree applicants. 3. What does Penn State emphasize regarding scholarship offers? A. Only needy students get aid. B. Top students are guaranteed funds. C. They compete with other colleges. D. Even top applicants might not receive. B Josh Klein is a pioneer in finding creative solutions to one of the world’s most pressing environmental problems: food waste. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of the food produced worldwide is wasted every year, which amounts to about 1.3 billion tons. Josh, however, isn’t just talking about the problem — he’s actively working to solve it. Josh Klein founded Spoiler Alert, a startup that helps businesses manage and reduce food waste by connecting surplus food with charitable organizations and food banks. The platform allows companies to sell or donate food that might otherwise go to waste, creating a win-win situation for both businesses and communities in need. Josh’s journey into the world of food waste innovation began while he was working in the tech industry. He realized that just like many other industries, food production and distribution could benefit from more efficient management. His company, Spoiler Alert, uses technology to provide real-time data to businesses, helping them track food waste and make more informed decisions. By streamlining (优化) food distribution and connecting businesses with organizations in need, Josh’s platform helps to redirect millions of pounds of food away from landfills. One of the most important aspects of Josh’s approach is the use of technology to solve a real-world problem. Through data analytics and a user-friendly interface, Spoiler Alert has transformed the way companies think about waste. Instead of seeing excess food as a loss, businesses are now able to see it as a valuable resource that can benefit others. Josh’s work not only reduces food waste but also helps provide food to those who need it most. His platform has already been adopted by large companies in the food industry, and it continues to grow as more businesses recognize the potential of reducing waste while giving back to their communities. Through his innovation, Josh Klein is showing the world how technology and entrepreneurship (企业家精神) can make a meaningful impact on society. By tackling food waste, he is helping to create a more sustainable future for everyone. 4. What is the main goal of Josh Klein’s startup Spoiler Alert? A. To support agricultural development in poor regions. B. To optimize food production processes for companies. C. To address food waste through nonprofit partnerships. D. To minimize waste by commercializing excess food. 5. How does Spoiler Alert assist businesses in reducing food waste? A. By offering real-time data to track food waste. B. By selling surplus food to consumers directly. C. By offering large discounts on food production. D. By providing a platform to advertise surplus food. 6. What change in business attitude does Josh Klein’s platform promote? A. Focusing only on reducing food production costs. B. Treating excess food as a loss rather than a resource. C. Reducing the amount of food produced to minimize waste. D. Viewing surplus food as a valuable resource for donation. 7. Which of the following best describes Josh Klein? A. Creative and honest. B. Passionate and generous. C Innovative and determined. D. Ambitious and warm-hearted. C Protecting endangered species is an urgent priority for conservationists worldwide. However, a more effective approach may lie in addressing the causes of species endangerment before they reach the brink of extinction. Rather than relying solely on emergency measures, such as endangered species lists and rehabilitation (修复) efforts, conservation experts are now pushing for a more proactive approach to biodiversity preservation. One of the main drivers of species extinction is habitat destruction. As forests are cut down, wetlands drained, and oceans polluted, wildlife lose their homes. When animals cannot find food or shelter, they often become endangered or extinct. Climate change is another significant threat, as it alters the ecosystems that animals depend on for survival. These rapid changes in the environment often leave species unable to adapt quickly enough, pushing them closer to extinction. One solution is the preservation of entire ecosystems. Rather than focusing only on individual species, conservationists are now working to protect habitats and landscapes that provide vital resources for many species. For example, by protecting forests or coral reefs, entire ecosystems are safeguarded, allowing the biodiversity they support to thrive. This holistic (整体的) approach helps prevent the need for emergency protection measures for individual species, as it addresses the root causes of species decline. Another strategy involves sustainable resource management. Many species are threatened by over-exploitation, including poaching (偷猎), fishing, and hunting. Governments and organizations are working to establish regulations that promote the sustainable use of natural resources. By ensuring that ecosystems are not overburdened, these measures help preserve biodiversity and reduce the risk of species extinction. In conclusion, while emergency measures like endangered species protection are necessary, a more effective long-term strategy is to focus on ecosystem conservation and sustainable resource use. Protecting the environments that animals rely on is essential for preventing the loss of biodiversity and ensuring the survival of future generations of wildlife. 8. What does the underlined word “brink” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Limit. B. Rescue. C Crisis. D. Edge. 9. What can we learn from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Over-harvesting marine life is biodiversity’s greatest danger. B. Single-species conservation yields optimal results. C. Regulating the use of natural resources helps protect biodiversity. D. Habitat protection removes the need for all other actions. 10. What does the conclusion emphasize? A. Ecosystem conservation is fundamental. B. Protection of individual species is key. C. Sustainable resource use should be ignored. D. Emergency measures are the most important. 11. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A nature documentary script. B. A wildlife conservation report. C. A climate change policy document. D. An environmental magazine article. D Imagine waking up feeling anxious and hopeless. You think, “I’ll never be happy. Nothing I do matters.” The more you focus on these thoughts, the worse you feel. But what’s really going on? Are your thoughts causing your feelings, or is it the other way around? For centuries, people have debated the cause of emotional suffering. Is it childhood trauma (创伤)? A chemical imbalance in the brain? A lack of love and connection? Every school of psychology has its own theory, with hundreds of ideas but little conclusive proof. Over 1,700 years ago, the Greek Stoic philosopher Epictetus proposed a different theory. He argued that it’s not life events that upset us, but our thoughts about them. This idea became the foundation of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT suggests that if you change the way you think, you can change the way you feel. It’s an exciting claim — but is it true? We decided to test it using data from a new mental health app. In our first study, we analyzed data from 290 testers of the Feeling Great app. Unlike traditional studies that rely on broad, retrospective (回顾性) surveys (asking how you’ve felt over the past two weeks), our app measured users’ negative thoughts and feelings in the here and now, using new, extremely sensitive scales. This distinction is crucial. By tracking moment-to-moment changes, we could test if negative thoughts (e.g., “I’m a failure”) actually cause negative feelings or if it’s the other way around. On average, users who reduced their belief in their negative thought to zero experienced an 87% reduction in seven negative emotions during their first session. Our data strongly supports CBT’s central idea that thoughts shape emotions far more than emotions shape thoughts. To ensure that our findings were solid, we conducted a second independent study with 1,393 users of an AI-enhanced version of the app. The results? Practically identical. Interestingly, with the larger sample size, we did detect a small but statistically significant effect of emotions influencing thoughts — but the effect was barely detectable and far weaker than the impact of thoughts on feelings. This suggests that emotions can sometimes influence thoughts, but the effect is minor in comparison to the power of thoughts to shape emotions. And that’s a discovery Epictetus would have been proud of. 12. What is the central idea of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) discussed in the article? A. Changing how you think can affect how you feel. B. Life events are the main cause of our emotional struggles. C. Childhood trauma is the root cause of emotional distress. D. Emotions shape thoughts more than thoughts shape emotions. 13. What was different about the Feeling Great app study? A. It focused on physical symptoms. B. It tracked thoughts and feelings in real-time. C. It asked users to recall past emotions. D. It tracked emotions over a long period. 14. What did the second study show? A. Users’ emotions were unchanged. B. Emotions greatly affect your thinking. C. Thoughts and emotions are unrelated. D. Thoughts have a stronger effect on emotions. 15. Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A. The Power of Emotions: How They Shape Our Thoughts B. Childhood Trauma and Depression: Unveiling the Connection C. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Changing How We Think to Feel Better D. What Causes Depression: New Research Confirms Ancient Wisdom 第二节（本大题共5小题，共12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Effective Study Habits Developing good study habits is crucial for academic success, yet many students struggle with inefficient methods. Simply spending long hours reviewing materials doesn’t guarantee results. ____16____ The key lies in working smarter, not harder. Here are some practical strategies to improve your learning efficiency. Begin by creating a structured study plan. ____17____ Break large tasks into smaller, manageable parts and assign specific time blocks for each. Include clear objectives like “complete 10 practice questions” rather than vague goals like “study chemistry.” For example, dedicate 25 minutes to math problems followed by a 5-minute break. This approach, known as the Pomodoro Technique (番茄工作法), helps maintain focus while preventing burnout. Your study environment matters more than you might think. ____18____ Turn off phone notifications, use noise-canceling headphones if needed, and keep your desk tidy. Ensure adequate lighting and a comfortable chair to avoid body discomfort. Research shows that regularly studying in the same place helps your brain enter “focus mode” faster. Many students make the mistake of passive reading. Instead, actively engage with the material. ____19____ Try summarizing concepts in your own words, teaching the content to a friend, or creating flashcards for self-testing. Studies indicate that group discussions improve understanding of ideas by up to 60% compared to studying alone. These methods help you remember information far better than simply marking important parts in books. Finally, prioritize quality sleep and regular breaks. ____20____ Studies show that information gets strengthened during rest periods. Take short walks or move your body during breaks to improve blood flow. Remember, effective learning isn’t about marathon sessions — it’s about consistent, mindful practice combined with proper recovery. A. Establish clear priorities and deadlines. B. Choose a quiet space with minimal distractions. C. What truly matters is how you use your study time. D. Switch subjects daily to maintain mental freshness. E. Explain complex theories aloud as if tutoring someone. F. Use apps to completely block social media during sessions. G. Staying up all night to study might seem productive, but it rarely works. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 完型填空（本大题共15小题，共15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 23-year-old Kazakh man-made history by becoming the first in his country to ____21____ a traffic ticket in court with the help of ChatGPT. In December 2024, Kenzhebek Ismailov was driving his mother to the hospital when the car ahead ____22____ stopped for no apparent reason, blocking the only lane. To avoid a long wait, he used the bus lane but surveillance (监视) cameras ____23____ his move, resulting in a fine. After his initial ____24____ was rejected, he turned to court. Unwilling to hire a lawyer for a small fine, Ismailov ____25____ ChatGPT for legal assistance. The AI analyzed his case, reviewed video evidence, and even ____26____ legal documents. On social media, Ismailov shared that traffic authority personnel were initially very rude, ____27____ his complaint. After filing the lawsuit, the authority ____28____ him, offering to cancel the fine and returning the money to him. But ChatGPT advised him ____29____ dropping the lawsuit. So he went to the court instead. During a 10-miniute hearing where he was asked ____30____ questions by a judge, Ismailov used ChatGPT’s speech synthesis to answer the questions. The AI’s responses were so ____31____ that the judge canceled the fine. “This trial was 99% ____32____ by ChatGPT,” Ismailov said, who claimed to have only challenged the traffic violation out of ____33____. Now, he plans to ____34____ the police for his wasted time, again ____35____ AI assistance. 21. A. appeal B. ignore C. pay D. record 22 A. suddenly B. slowly C. politely D. rarely 23. A. pick up B. take on C. turn up D. set off 24. A. apology B. complaint C. payment D. excuse 25. A. questioned B. criticized C. consulted D. programmed 26. A. edited B. drafted C. mentioned D. printed 27. A. dismissing B. receiving C. addressing D. withdrawing 28. A. arrested B. fined C. contacted D. thanked 29. A. in B. on C. against D. of 30. A. legal B. awkward C. difficult D. multiple 31. A. confusing B. humorous C. convincing D. boring 32. A. opposed B. conducted C. recorded D. imagined 33. A. principle B. question C. control D. doubt 34. A. charge B. praise C. warn D. forgive 35. A. without B. despite C. beyond D. with 第二节 语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A digital exhibition spotlighting Niya ruins site in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, is set to open to public on Jan. 25 in Shanghai, offering visitors ____36____ unique immersive experience on the site’s excavation (挖掘) while learning about the region’s ancient cultures. Running until July 25, the exhibition is hosted by the publicity department of the city’s Huangpu district and the Xinjiang Museum. It will also be the first exhibition, ____37____ (feature) over 100 pieces of cultural artifacts as well as digital interpretation of history ____38____ (integrate) with advanced and interactive technologies. Among the cultural relics, a precious copy of the national treasure-level artifact “Five Stars Rise in the East” brocade arm protector from the Xinjiang Museum, ____39____ was unearthed in 1995 at the Niya site, will be ____40____ display in Shanghai for the first time. ____41____ (notable), it is labeled as one of the greatest archaeological ____42____ (discovery) in China in the 20th century. Working with the French virtual reality team from Backlight Studio, the digital exhibition titled Seven Days of the Cad’ota ____43____ (aim) to recreate the excavation site and lead visitors through the region’s history and ancient daily life from a first-person perspective. The exhibition explores deep into the historic, artistic and ____44____ (science) values of cultural relics in Xinjiang. With the latest technologies, ____45____ breathes new life into Xinjiang’s cultural heritages, comprehensively presenting the history and charm of the Niya site and Xinjiang. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（本大题共1小题，共15分） 46. 假如你将参加以“Family responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love”为题的英语演讲比赛，请你为此写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：（1）中学生在家庭中的责任；（2）重要意义。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。 Family Responsibility: Small Acts, Great Love Dear teachers and friends, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第二节 读后续写（本大题共1小题，共25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maplewood High is a senior high school, its brick walls soaked in the smell of autumn leaves and teenage opinions. Sixteen-year-old Alex Carter moved through its halls, driven by a sharp tongue and an even better fastball, his easy smile hiding a trail of planned shortcuts — copied homework here, a well-timed white lie there. Under the blinking lights of Mrs. Keller’s chemistry class, he’d once swapped his failed lab report with Jamie Lee’s perfect work, avoiding her complaints by saying it was “teamwork.” But on a cool October afternoon as golden sunlight shone through the trees, a single swing of his bat broke the careful balance he’d built. The game — Taylor Morgan’s sudden idea for an after-school home run contest behind the gym — had gone wrong. Alex’s hands felt cold through his batting gloves when the pitch came, a tricky curveball that made him lose balance. The loud hit echoed strangely. For one heartbeat, he watched the ball fly sideways, breaking the gym’s big window like a cracked mirror. Then came the sharp noise of glass breaking, pieces falling like jagged ice. Taylor appeared next to him, her breath showing in the cold air. “They’ll stop you from playing in playoffs,” the thin soccer player whispered, already stepping back. Alex’s shoes dug into the fallen leaves as he ran away, his mouth tasting metal from fear. The next morning, Principal Harper’s voice came over the loudspeaker: “Whoever broke that window will be punished.” By lunch, stories had spread about Jordan Wright, a quiet sophomore once suspended for fighting. Alex watched, stomach in knots, as Principal Harper questioned Jordan in the hallway. “I didn’t do it,” the boy said quietly, but the blame had already stuck. Jamie Lee, his closest friend since third grade, stopped him at his locker. “You need to tell the truth,” she urged, her usually cheerful face now serious. “Jordan shouldn’t get blamed.” Taylor slid beside them, rolling her eyes. “Why ruin your future? That kid’s already in trouble.” Alex looked at his worn sneakers, remembering his dad’s ad vice from last summer: “Anyone can make mistakes—facing them takes courage.” 注意：（1）续写词数应为150词左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At school, he avoided the gym, its broken window seemed to mock (嘲笑) him. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next day, Alex stood before the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $