精品解析：上海市闵行第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

闵行三中2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三年级 英语学科 试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At an airport. B. At a police station. C. In a hotel. D. In a bank. 2. A. Waiter. B. Car dealer. C. Mechanic D. Painter. 3. A.16. B. 50. C. 60. D. 800. 4. A. It provided nice food. B. It was hosted at a great place. C. It offered a firework show. D. It enabled him to meet an old friend. 5. A. The time is not convenient. B. Her house is not big enough. C. A few people won’t turn up. D. There won’t be enough food. 6. A. It is rather cool in the lecture hall. B. No one will be able to see what he is wearing. C. He expects the weather to change later in the day. D. The air conditioner in the lecture hall doesn’t work. 7. A. She didn’t want her ticket. B. She wouldn’t use her ticket. C. She wouldn’t enjoy the game. D. She would go with the man. 8. A. The film cost too much despite its high quality. B. The man didn’t like the film but the woman did. C. The man missed the film because of the woman. D. The man saw the film upon the advice of the woman. 9. A. Go back to the hall first. B. Look for the bag outside the classroom. C. Go and see if he left the bag in the hallway. D. Check the classroom to see if he left the bag there. 10. A. The woman would sew them back on. B. The woman would ask for a full refund. C. The man would not take the responsibility. D. The man gave the woman a good suggestion. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will he spoken only once. When you hear a question. read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the qucation you have heard. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. A. Sit down and try to calm yourself. B. Run to the point where you` re seen. C. Follow a stream reaching a lake or river. D. Memorize the route in the woods. 12. A. You may end up entering a wonderland. B. You may get drowned in a sudden flood. C. You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers. D. You may find a way out without knowing it. 13. A. Check the local weather. B. Find a map and a compass. C. Prepare enough food and drink. D. Inform someone of your plan. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. A. Conflicts between labor and management. B. Rights and responsibilities of company employees. C. Common complaints made by office workers. D. Health and safety conditions in the workplace. 15. A. They wanted the outdated equipment replaced. B. They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C. They sought help from union representatives. D. They requested to have their posts changed. 16. A. To show how busy they are at work. B. To show how they love winter sports. C. To protest against the poor working conditions. D. To protect themselves against the heating system. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. A. The relationship between farmers, Ward and Sears. B. The development of the catalog sales business. C. The relationship between the catalog and textbooks. D. The story of a Chicago retailer. 18. A. He wanted to beat Ward. B. He wanted to help his brother Ward. C He thought this business was profitable. D. He enjoyed competition in this business. 19. A. City residents. B. Farmers. C. Business people. D. Students. 20. A. Schools were short of textbooks at that time. B. They helped improve students’ skills of spelling and adding. C. They helped students become familiar with a variety of goods. D. Students could order things from the catalogs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet. On Oct. 12, 2017, McDonald’s Chinese business changed its company’s name from Maidanglao to Jingongmen. The fast food chain stated on its blog that China will still bear the old name ___1___ the fans can be reassured and consumers can still belovin’ it. The now logo had its start in 1952, ___2___ the McDonald’s brothers were interviewing architects to design the first McDonald’s location. But the brother’s plan to construct a restaurant with two arches on each side ___3___ (deny) by the first three architects. Then, they found Stanley Clark Meston. Meston designed the McDonald’s location to stand out amongst the surrounding buildings, ___4___ (grab) the attention of hungry drivers who could be convinced to pull over and buy a quick burger. Two golden arches, one on each side of the building, did just that. Originally, the two arches were not meant to form an “M”. However, as the building design became famous, the chain created a logo ___5___ (intend) to be a simple artistic view of a McDonald’s location, with a roof and two arches lining up to form an M. By the late 1960s, McDonald’s ___6___ (abandon) the two-arch design, with the golden arches appearing instead on signs. This is the era in which Ray Kroc had taken over the business, using the golden arches as a logo, not as an architectural instruction. Strangely, ___7___ many people may not realize is that the McDonald’s arches symbolized a mother’s nourishing breasts in Freudian terms, so Louis Cheskin, a design consultant, said McDonald’s ought to maintain its branding. Nearly two decades ago, Thomas Friedman came up ___8___ his “Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention”. The idea ___9___ no two countries that had McDonald’s restaurants would go to war suited the post-cold war 1990s. Unfortunately, as war is now back on the menu, McDonald’s is ____10____ (likely) to prevent a fifth war between India and Pakistan. 【答案】1. so that 2. when 3. was denied 4. grabbing 5. intended 6. had abandoned 7. what##something 8. with 9. that 10. less likely 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麦当劳标志的由来及历史意义。 【1题详解】 考查目的状语从句。句意：这家快餐连锁店在其博客上表示，为了让粉丝放心，让消费者仍然喜欢它，中国将继续使用老名字。前半句说中国仍将保留旧名，后半句说粉丝可以放心，消费者仍能喜爱它。“so that”引导目的状语从句，表示“为了，以便”，符合此处逻辑，故填so that。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：现在的标志始于1952年，当时麦当劳兄弟正在面试建筑师设计第一家麦当劳店。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词1952年，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。故填when。 【3题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：但他兄弟建造一家两侧各有两个拱门的餐厅的计划被前三位建筑师否决了。主语“the brother’s plan”与谓语“deny”为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“the brother’s plan”，be动词为was，故填was denied。 4题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：梅斯顿设计麦当劳的位置是为了在周围的建筑中脱颖而出，吸引饥饿的司机的注意，他们可能会被说服靠边停车，买一个快速的汉堡。空格处为非谓语动词，用现在分词grabbing作状语，表示“设计突出”的自然结果，即“吸引司机注意”。故填grabbing。 【5题详解】 考查时态。句意：然而，随着建筑设计的成名，该连锁店创造了一个标志，旨在成为麦当劳所在地的简单艺术视图，屋顶和两个拱门排成一个M。 设空处修饰名词作定语，“logo”与“intend”为被动关系，be intended to do sth.表示“旨在……”，故用过去分词intended作后置定语。故填intended。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：到20世纪60年代末，麦当劳已经放弃了双拱门的设计，取而代之的是金色拱门出现在招牌上。 设空处为谓语，“By the late 1960s”为过去完成时标志，强调动作在过去某时间前已完成，故填had abandoned 【7题详解】 考查主语从句或者定语从句。句意：奇怪的是，许多人可能没有意识到的是，麦当劳的拱门在弗洛伊德的术语中象征着母亲滋养的乳房，所以设计顾问路易斯·切斯金（Louis Cheskin）说，麦当劳应该保留自己的品牌。设空处连接主语从句，表示“……的是”，在从句中作宾语，可以用what；也可以用something后接that构成定语从句，关系词是that，先行词是something，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略，故填what/ something 【8题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：近20年前，托马斯•弗里德曼（Thomas Friedman）提出了“预防冲突的金拱门理论”。固定短语come up with表示“提出”，故填with。 【9题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：没有两个拥有麦当劳餐厅的国家会发生战争，这种观点适合冷战后的上世纪90年代。设空处引导同位语从句，解释“idea” 的内容，从句结构完整，故填that。 【10题详解】 考查比较级。句意：不幸的是，随着战争重新回到菜单上，麦当劳不太可能阻止印度和巴基斯坦之间的第五次战争。根据“Unfortunately”可知，麦当劳“不太可能”阻止战争，应用less likely，故填less likely。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. preferences B. evaluates C. benefit D. fortunately E. confidence F. organizations G. unsurprisingly H. conducted I. purchasing J. ranked K. ethical The Australian state of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative, the government ____11____ extensive research to identify which attributes of a good product are most important to consumers. As income levels rise and education levels improve, consumers across the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed, some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health ____12____. In addition, some consumers are also choosing food based on how it was produced, including the environmental and____13____ impact of production. Victoria’s Department of Primary Industries designed and researched a report that analyzes ____14____ food products with “trust” attributes, specifically food safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food production The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated “trust” attributes and ____15____ their importance in relation to non-trust attribute’s such as price and quality. “Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making ____16____ decisions, and Victoria’s ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer ____17____. in priority export markets,” The report says. Between February and June 2004, the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders, including retailers, wholesalers, foodservice managers, importers distributors and representatives of government, industry bodies and non-government ____18____. in 21 of Victoria’s major food markets, including France, Japan, the UK and the US. The research found, perhaps ____19____, that price, quality and food safety were the most important factors for consumers, with each factor____20____ as the most important by 18-20% of respondents. In fourth place, 8% of respondents felt flavor was the most important attribute of a food product for customers while 6% thought freshness was most important, and 3% thought the appearance packaging was most important. Health nutrition, brand image, and clean chemical free were each considered most important by just 1-2% of interviewees. 【答案】11. H 12. C 13 K 14. A 15. B 16. I 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述澳大利亚维多利亚州政府投资一项计划，以探索其食品和农业产业的新机遇 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：作为这项倡议的一部分，政府进行了广泛的研究，以确定好产品的哪些属性对消费者最重要。设空处为谓语，根据句意可知应是动词conduct，意为“进行”，描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故选H。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，一些消费者现在愿意为具有特殊营养或健康益处的食品支付额外的钱。设空处为宾语，根据句意可知应是名词benefit，意为“益处”，故选C。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：此外，一些消费者还根据食品的生产方式选择食品，包括生产对环境和道德的影响。设空处修饰名词作定语，根据句意可知应是形容词ethical，意为“道德的”，故选K。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：维多利亚州第一产业部门设计并研究了一份报告，分析了人们对具有“信任”属性的食品的偏好，特别是食品安全、清洁食品、绿色食品、动物福利和道德食品生产。设空处为宾语，根据句意可知应是名词preference，可数名词，这里应用复数形式，意为“偏好”，故选A。 15题详解】 考查动词。句意：该报告还确定了五个被提名的“信任”属性的相对重要性，并评估了它们相对于价格和质量等非信任属性的重要性。 设空处为谓语，根据句意可知应是动词evaluate，意为“评估”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故选B。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：消费者在做出购买决定时变得越来越有洞察力，维多利亚展示食品可靠性的能力对维持消费者信心至关重要。设空处修饰名词作定语，根据句意可知应是名词purchasing，意为“购买”，故选I。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。设空处为宾语，根据句意可知应是名词confidence，意为“信心”，故选E。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：2004年2月至6月期间，新闻部访问了280名食品行业股东，包括零售商、批发商、食品服务经理、进口商、分销商，以及政府、行业团体和非政府组织的代表。设空处为宾语，根据句意可知应是名词organization，可数名词，这里应用复数形式，意为“组织”，故选F。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：研究发现，并不令人意外，价格、质量和食品安全是消费者最重要的因素，18% -20%的受访者认为这三个因素都是最重要的。设空处修饰后面整个子作状语，应用副词，根据句意可知是unsurprisingly，意为“不令人惊讶地”，故选G。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。设空处为非谓语，根据句意可知应是动词rank，意为“排列”，作with的宾语补足语，和宾语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故选J。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. From Oxford’s quads to Harvard Yard and many a steel and glass palace of higher education in between, exams are given way to holidays. As students consider life after graduation, universities are ___21___ questions about their own future. The higher education model of lecturing, cramming and examination has barely ___22___ for centuries. Now, three disruptive waves are threatening to shake established ways of teaching and learning. On one front, a funding ___23___ has created a shortage of fund that the universities brightest brains are struggling to solve. Institutions’ costs are rising, ___24___ pricey investments in technology, teachers’ salaries and increasing administrative costs. That comes as governments conclude that they can no longer afford to subsidize universities as ___25___ as they used to. American colleges, in particular, are under pressure: some analysts predict mass bankruptcies within two decades. At the same time, a(n) ___26___ revolution is challenging higher education’s business model. A(n) ___27___ in online learning, much of it free, means that the knowledge once a lucky few had access to has been released to anyone with a smartphone or laptop. These ___28___ and technological disruptions coincide with a third great change: whereas universities used to educate only a tiny elite, they are now ___29___ training and retraining workers throughout their careers. How will they ____30____ this storm—and what will emerge in their place if they don’t? The universities least likely to lose out to online competitors are elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios. That is ____31____ news for the Ivy League, which offer networking opportunities to students alongside a degree. Those colleges might profit from expanding the ratio of online learning to classroom teaching, lowering their costs while still offering the prize of a college education conducted partly on campus. The most vulnerable, according to Jim Lerman of Kean University in New Jersey, are the “middle-tier institutions, which produce America's teachers, middle managers and administrators.” They could be ____32____ in greater part by online courses, he suggests. So might weaker community colleges, although those which cultivate connections to local employers might yet prove resilient (有弹力的). Since the first wave of massive online courses launched in 2012, an opposition has focused on their ____33____ and commercial uncertainties. Yet if critics think they are immune to the march of the MOOC, they are almost certainly wrong. Whereas online courses can quickly____34____ their content and delivery mechanisms, universities are up against serious cost and efficiency problems, with little changes of taking more from the public purse. Without the personal touch, higher education could become “an icebound, petrified (石化的) cast-iron university.” That is what the new wave of high-tech courses should not become. But as a(n) ____35____ to an overstretched, expensive model of higher education, they are more likely to prosper than fade. 21. A. answering B. facing C. settling D. guessing 22. A. reviewed B. existed C. substituted D. changed 23. A. situation B. trend C. crisis D. relief 24. A. owing to B. apart from C. except for D. rather than 25. A. patiently B. generously C. naturally D. ignorantly 26. A. technological B. professional C. educational D. geographical 27. A. difference B. emphasis C. harmony D. explosion 28. A. fundamental B. administrative C. financial D. psychological 29. A. responsible for B. eager for C. curious about D. enthusiastic about 30. A. observe B. chase C. witness D. survive 31. A. shocking B. good C. annoying D. neutral 32. A. promoted B. replaced C. maintained D. marketed 33. A. failure B. projects C. innovation D. progress 34. A. resist B. release C. adjust D. resemble 35. A. object B. relation C. implication D. alternative 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文提出了传统高等教育所面临的三个问题：资金短缺、教育科技改革、大众教育。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当学生们考虑毕业后的生活时，大学也面临着关于他们自己未来的问题。A. answering回答；B. facing面对；C. settling解决；D. guessing猜测。根据前文“after graduation”及后文“questions about their own future”可知，学生们毕业后，面临着自己未来的问题。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，高等教育的授课、填鸭式和考试模式几乎没有改变。A. reviewed复查；B. existed存在；C. substituted代替；D. changed改变。根据语境及后文“Now, three disruptive waves are threatening to shake established ways of teaching and learning.”可知，几个世纪以来，高等教育传统模式没有什么改变。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，资金危机造成了资金短缺，大学最聪明的人才正在努力解决这个问题。A. situation形式；B. trend趋势；C. crisis危机；D. relief宽慰。根据后文“a shortage of fund”可知，资金危机造成资金短缺。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：由于在技术上的昂贵投资、教师的薪水和不断增加的管理成本，学校的成本正在上升。A. owing to由于；B. apart from除……之外；C. except for除了；D. rather than而不是。根据语境可知，后文“pricey investments in technology, teachers’ salaries and increasing administrative costs”是前文“Institutions’ costs are rising”的原因。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是因为政府认为他们再也不能像过去那样慷慨地资助大学了。A. patiently耐心地；B. generously慷慨地；C. naturally自然地；D. ignorantly无知地。根据前文“a shortage of fund”以及后文“some analysts predict mass bankruptcies within two decades.”可知，因为他们不能慷慨地资助大学了，大学资金短缺，有可能要破产。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，一场技术革命正在挑战高等教育的商业模式。A. technological技术的；B. professional专业的；C. educational教育的；D. geographical地理的。根据后文“These ___8___ and technological disruptions coincide with a third great change”可知，此处指“一场技术革命”。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在线学习的爆炸式增长，其中大部分是免费的，意味着曾经有少数幸运儿可以获得的知识，已经被任何拥有智能手机或笔记本电脑的人所掌握。A. difference差异；B. emphasis强调；C. harmony和谐；D. explosion爆炸。根据后文“the knowledge once a lucky few had access to has been released to anyone with a smartphone or laptop”以及“Since the first wave of massive online courses launched in 2012”可知，在线学习迅猛增加，呈爆炸式增长。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些金融和技术的颠覆与第三个重大变化同时发生：大学过去只培养一小部分精英，而现在则负责在员工的整个职业生涯中对其进行培训和再培训。A. fundamental基本的；B. administrative行政的；C. financial金融的；D. psychological心理的。根据前文“On one front, a funding ___3___ has created a shortage of fund”可知，这里指金融的颠覆。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：这些金融和技术的破坏与第三个重大变化同时发生：过去大学只能培养极少数精英，而现在它们要负责对员工进行整个职业生涯的培训和再培训。A. responsible for负责任的；B. eager for渴望的；C. curious about好奇的；D. enthusiastic about热情的。根据前文“whereas universities used to educate only a tiny elite”可知，这里指现在大学负责干什么。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将如何在这场风暴中生存，如果它们不这样做，它们将出现什么？A. observe观察；B. chase追逐；C. witness见证；D. survive幸存。根据前文“Now, three disruptive waves are threatening to shake established ways of teaching and learning.”可知，大学遇到危机，它们将如何在这场危机中生存下来？故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对常青藤联盟来说是个好消息，该联盟为学生提供了在获得学位的同时建立人脉的机会。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. good良好的；C. annoying令人恼怒的；D. neutral中性的。根据前文“The universities least likely to lose out to online competitors are elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios.”以及后文“which offer networking opportunities to students alongside a degree”可知，这是个好消息。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他表明，在线课程可能会在很大程度上取代这些课程。A. promoted促进；B. replaced替换；C. maintained维护；D. marketed推销。根据常识及前文“A(n) ___7___ in online learning, much of it free”以及后文“Since the first wave of massive online courses launched in 2012”可知，在线课程可能会取代传统的课程。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自2012年第一波大规模在线课程推出以来，反对者一直在关注这些课程的失败和商业上的不确定性。A. failure失败；B. projects项目；C. innovation创新；D. progress进步。基于前文的分析可知，支持者认为在线课程可能会取代传统课程，从而推知，反对者则关注在线课程的失败。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管在线课程可以快速调整其内容和传递机制，但大学面临着严重的成本和效率问题，几乎没有从公共资金中收取更多费用的变化。A. resist抵制；B. release释放；C. adjust调整；D. resemble看起来像。根据常识可知，在线课程可以快速调整其内容和传递机制。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但作为过度扩张、昂贵的高等教育模式的替代方案，它们更有可能繁荣而不是衰落。A. object物体；B. relation关系；C. implication含意；D. alternative替代，备选方案。基于对前文“They could be ___12___ in greater part by online courses, he suggests.”和“Whereas online courses can quickly___14___ their content and delivery mechanisms, universities are up against serious cost and efficiency problems, with little changes of taking more from the public purse.”的分析可知，在线课程应该是过度扩张、昂贵的高等教育模式的替代方案。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote. “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.” I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. 36. There is no more hunting in India now partly because___. A. it is dangerous to hunt there B. hunting is already out of date C. hunters want to protect animals D. there are few animals left to hunt 37. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____. A. to make the countryside safe B. to earn people’s admiration C. to gain power and influence D. to improve their health 38. What do we learn about the big-game hunters? A. They hunt old animals B. They mistreat animals C. They hunt for food D. They hunt for money 39. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen? A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers D. Modern hunters should put their safety first 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述的是印度猎人减少的事情。可被猎杀的动物减少了，政府也采取了一些措施来保护老虎等。相比以前的那种面对面的捕猎，现在的“偷袭”式的捕猎显得猎人缺少勇气。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill...”（这在一定程度上是因为几乎没有什么东西可以杀死了）可知，部分原因是没有什么可以被猎杀的了。故选D。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals”（为什么现代猎人杀戮是因为他认为人们会钦佩他战胜危险动物的勇气）可知，当代人捕猎是为了显示自己的勇气。故选B。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people”（狩猎不是一种残忍而毫无意义的杀戮——如果你尊重你所杀的东西，如果你杀戮是为了丰富你的记忆，如果你杀戮是为了喂饱你的人民）可知，他们打猎是为了获得食物。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The so—called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants.”，（所谓的猎人从高大的树上或训练有素的大象背上射击。）so-called所谓的，从树上或背后射杀动物是缺乏勇气的行为，故选A。 B Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking “send” too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. Writing the wrong time The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal (透露) to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person. 40. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _______. A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone 41. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A. Try offering other choices. B. Avoid further involvement. C. Meet other staff members. D. Make a light-hearted apology. 42. What is the passage mainly about? A. Defining email errors. B. Reducing email mistakes. C. Handling email accidents. D. Improving email writing. 【答案】40. A 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，作者就如何处理四种常见的邮件事故提出了自己的建议。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。由Writing the wrong time中的 “The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake.don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).” 可知，你越早注意到，越好。快速简短地回应，为你的错误道歉。保持适度的语气:不要太轻率处理，因为人们可能会被冒犯，尤其是如果你的错误暗示了对他们文化的误解(即中文名字的顺序不正确)。 所以如果邮件上写错了名词，最好的方式是道歉。故A选项正确。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。由Clicking “reply all” unintentionally中的“ In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down”可知，当你的“回复全部”邮件引发不愉快的对话时，你应该避免进一步介入，远离键盘，让每个人都冷静下来。故B选项正确。 【42题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者就如何处理四种常见的邮件事故提出了自己的建议。这些都是围绕着“处理电子邮件事故”而展开的。故C选项正确。 C Over the past half-century, the tools of neuroscience have revealed much about the workings of the human brain. Now researchers are pushing forward in a new frontier: exploring what goes on in the mind of man’s best friend. The study of canine cognition（狗的认知）has taken off in recent years, energized by new findings about how dogs learn words, numbers and abstract concepts — and how they manage us. In a study published in the journal Animal Cognition, researchers used a procedure known as “preferential viewing” to show that dogs can understand simple calculations. Eleven pet dogs were shown treats that were then placed behind a screen and the screen was removed, dogs gazed briefly at the two treats. When two treats were deposited behind the screen but only one remained when the screen was taken away, the dogs stared at the lone treat for longer, indicating that they were aware the math didn’t add up. Dogs understand language too, and the new research shows they can learn more words than just “down” and “sit”. The average dog can learn 165 words, notes psychologist Stanley Coren of the University of British Columbia, and some superdogs can have a vocabulary of 250 words. In a study that appeared in the journal Science, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany reported on a border collie named Rico who could learn a name given to an unfamiliar object like a stuffed bunny through a process of elimination and could remember the name of that object four weeks later. (Border collies lead the list of the most intelligent dog breeds, according to a survey of dog-obedience judges; they’re followed by poodles, German shepherds, golden retrievers, Dobermans, Shetland sheepdogs and Labrador retrievers.) Dogs can learn to solve spatial problems — figuring out the fastest route to a favorite chair, locating a hidden treat — and can learn to operate simple mechanisms like latches（弹簧锁）. Most impressive of all is dogs’ ability to learn about humans. They respond to our gestures, they attend to our body language, and they follow our gaze to figure out what we’re looking at. They even are susceptible to repeating human yawns, according to a study published in the journal Biology Letters. As the longest-domesticated species, dogs have evolved alongside humans, selected over thousands of years for traits that make them especially sensitive to our cues. Another study from the journal Science reported that puppies only a few weeks old could interpret human signals, while full-grown wolves raised by humans could not. Dogs read people better than do chimpanzees, humans’ closest primate relative, according to research published this year. In fact, the most accurate comparison is to a human child: dogs have the social-cognition capacities of a 2-year-old. Gregory Berns, the Emory University researcher writes that there are “endless” questions still to be explored: How do dogs distinguish among the humans they know; is it by sight or smell? What meaning does our language have to them? The study of canine cognition, he notes, ultimately brings us back to our own desires and behaviors: “Because humans, in effect, created dogs through domestication, the canine mind reflects back to us how we see ourselves through the eyes, ears, and noses of another species.” 43. According to the study, shows that dogs can understand simple calculations. A. why researchers placed treats behind the screen B. what was expected before and behind the screen C. how the master instructed dogs to gaze at the treat D. that the dogs spent different time staring at the treats 44. Which of the following is TRUE about dogs’ understanding of language? A. Most dogs can repeat “down” and “sit”. B. Labrador retrievers appear to be the least intelligent dog breed. C. A border collie is so smart as to remember the name of a stuffed bunny. D. Rico has a vocabulary of 250 words, well above the average of 165 words. 45. The underlined phrase “susceptible to” in paragraph 4 probably means . . A. close to B. capable of C. suspected of D. subjected to 46. The writer of the passage may agree that dogs are . A. more intelligent than a 2-year-old child by nature B. domesticated because they have evolved alongside humans C. trained to take notice of our body language and follow our gaze D. smarter than wolves and chimpanzees in learning about humans 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于狗狗的认知能力的研究。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Eleven pet dogs were shown treats that were then placed behind a screen and the screen was removed, dogs gazed briefly at the two treats. When two treats were deposited behind the screen but only one remained when the screen was taken away, the dogs stared at the lone treat for longer, indicating that they were aware the math didn’t add up.”可知，狗狗盯着食物的时间不同表明它们能够理解简单的计算，故D项正确。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a border collie named Rico who could learn a name given to an unfamiliar object like a stuffed bunny through a process of elimination and could remember the name of that object four weeks later.”可知，边境牧羊犬很聪明，它能记住一只填充兔子的名字，故C项正确。 【45题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Most impressive of all is dogs’ ability to learn about humans. They respond to our gestures, they attend to our body language, and they follow our gaze to figure out what we’re looking at.”可知，最令人印象深刻的是狗狗理解人类的能力，紧接着举了三个例子：它们对我们的手势做出反应，关注我们的肢体语言，并跟随我们的目光来找出我们在看什么，此处还是狗狗能够理解人类的例子，即：它们甚至能重复人类打哈欠，由此可知画线词词义为“能够”，故B项正确。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“puppies only a few weeks old could interpret human signals, while full-grown wolves raised by humans could not. Dogs read people better than do chimpanzees, humans’ closest primate relative, according to research published this year”可知，作者会同意狗狗在理解人类方面比狼和黑猩猩聪明，故D项正确。 。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词前后起举例说明作用的句子是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“Most impressive of all is dogs’ ability to learn about humans. They respond to our gestures, they attend to our body language, and they follow our gaze to figure out what we’re looking at.”可知，最令人印象深刻的是狗狗理解人类的能力，紧接着举了三个例子：它们对我们的手势做出反应，关注我们的肢体语言，并跟随我们的目光来找出我们在看什么，此处还应该是狗狗能够理解人类的例子，即：它们甚至能重复人类打哈欠，由此可知画线词词义为“能够”。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____47____. It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____48____. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ____49____. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that power is right. This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years. ____50____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else. A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized. B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest. C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives. D. And not only has it won, buts also because it has won, it has been in the right. E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages. 【答案】47. B 48. A 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章批评了历史书中最常出现、最光荣的人物，大多是伟大的征服者和将军，而那些真正推动文明进步的人，往往从未被提及的现象，希望人类社会走向没有凶残的战斗和杀戮的文明。 【47题详解】 上文“We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. (我们不知道是谁第一个接合断腿，或是让一艘船下水，或计算出一年的时间，但我们知道所有的杀手和毁灭者。人们对他们的评价很高，以至于在世界上各大城市最高的柱子上，你会发现征服者或将军的形象)”说明人们对真正推动人类文明的人并不在意，而对那些征服者、毁灭者却评价很高，选项B“大多数人认为征服了大多数国家的人是最伟大的。”承接上文，继续表述大多数人都认为征服者最伟大的现象。选项中those who have conquered the most nations和上文中a conqueror or a general语义一致。故选B项。 【48题详解】 上文“Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. (动物会打架，野蛮人也会打架；所以，擅长打架（战斗）就是像动物或野蛮人一样优秀，但不是文明化)”说明擅长打架，擅长战争并不是推动了文明，选项A“即使善于让他人以最有效的方式战斗，也不是文明化。”承接上文，和上文是递进关系，说明既使善于让他人搞战争，也不是推动文明。语义通顺合理。故选项A。 【49题详解】 上文“Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. (战争意味着杀戮，文明的民族应该能够找到解决争端的办法，而不是看哪一方能杀死更多的人，然后说杀人最多的那一方就赢了)”说明文明的民族应该以和平的方式解决争端，而不应该以杀戮最多为胜利，选项D“它不仅赢了，而且因为它赢了，它一直是正确的。”承接上文，解释了为什么一些人那么好战，因为杀戮最多，所以赢了，因为赢了就有了话语权，引出下文“For that is what going to war means; it means saying that power is right.(因为这就是参战的意义；它的意思是说权力是正确的)”继续阐述某些人好战的原因，是为了赢得权力。故选D项。 【50题详解】 上文“Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years. (科学家们假定地球上已经存在了大约1.2亿年的某种生命；但是人类的历史只有一百万年，而文明人的历史大约有八千年)”说明相对于整个地球生命来说，人类的历史很短，文明人的历史则更短，选项E“因此，我们人类几乎没有时间学习，但我们将有大量的时间来更好地学习。”和上文存在因果关系，因为我们人类的历史很短，所以我们没有足够的时间学习，人类的历史来日方长，我们将有大量的时间更好地学习，推动人类社会走向更加文明。逻辑合理。故选E项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation.“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.”The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.” Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their program.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sleep-deficit, a common phenomenon in America, is caused by several factors. Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. Secondly, various pressures and misleading social concepts also contribute to sleep-deficit. Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人睡眠缺乏的原因，以及睡眠不足会带来的影响。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. ②The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. ③By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. ④Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. ⑤In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” ⑥“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” 2. 缜密构思 将要点1、6精简，将要点2、3，要点4、5进行整合 3.遣词造句 Sleep-deficit, a common phenomenon in America, is caused by several factors. Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. Secondly, various pressures and misleading social concepts also contribute to sleep-deficit. Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. （运用了and连接并列句）。 [高分句型2]Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually.（运用了that引导宾语从句） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这公司推广的新电子设备无法满足本地学生的需要。（meet） 【答案】The new electronic device promoted by the company can’t meet the needs of local students. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。当“满足”讲时，meet是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，meet the needs of…表示“满足……的需要”，electronic device与promote之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故翻译为：The new electronic device promoted by the company can’t meet the needs of local students. 53. 这本词典需要做彻底修改，什么时候再版还不得而知。 (revise) （汉译英） 【答案】The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised, and it’s unknown when it will be republished. 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查时态、it作形式主语、固定短语、动词和副词。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“sth. need to be done”意为“某事需要被做”，thoroughly意为“彻底”，副词词性，revise意为“修改”，动词词性，过去分词为revised，表示“这本词典需要做彻底修改”应用“The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised”，句首单词首字母大写；表示“什么时候再版还不得而知”应用“it’s unknown when it will be republished”，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为when引导的从句，从句部分表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时，republish意为“再出版”，动词词性，过去分词为republished，用连词and连接逗号前后两个句子。故翻译为The dictionary needs to be thoroughly revised, and it’s unknown when it will be republished. 54. 他过去优异的学业成绩和工作经历使他比其他候选人在面试时更有心理优势。（advantage）（汉译英） 【答案】His excellent academic records and work experience in the past give/have given him a psychological advantage over other candidates in the interview. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据汉语可知，句子可用一般现在时，描述现在的事实，或用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响。根据提示“advantage”可知，句子主干可表述为sth. gives/has given A an advantage over B。句子的主语为“他过去优异的学业成绩和工作经历”，可用名词短语his excellent academic records and work experience in the past，是复数，谓语动词give保持原形或用have given，give的间接宾语是“他”，即him，advantage前面有定语“心理（的）”，可用形容词psychological，over的宾语是“其他候选人”，可用名词短语other candidates，状语为“在面试时”，可用介词短语in the interview。故可翻译为His excellent academic records and work experience in the past give/have given him a psychological advantage over other candidates in the interview.。 55. 据报道，这场京剧演出在海外赢得了许多掌声和好评，并且组织者成功地抓住了这个机会传播了中国文化。(It...) （汉译英） 【答案】It is reported that the performance of Beijing Opera has won a lot of applause and praise overseas and the organizer has successfully seize the chance to spread Chinese culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、短语和固定句式。表示“赢得了许多掌声和好评”应用动词短语win a lot of applause and praise；表示“这场京剧演出”短语为the performance of Beijing Opera；作动词的宾语；表示“抓住机会”短语为seize the chance；表示“传播中国文化”应用动词短语spread Chinese culture；表示“据报道”应使用it充当形式主语的固定句式结构It is reported that…；根据句意可知，that引导的真正主语从句应使用现在完成时。故翻译为It is reported that the performance of Beijing Opera has won a lot of applause and praise overseas and the organizer has successfully seize the chance to spread Chinese culture. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，你的同班同学小明特别喜欢喝饮料，平时总以饮料代替矿泉水，最近被医院诊断患有高血压。你知道后，很担心同样爱喝饮料的好友小红。请写一封信给她，信中包含： 1.介绍小明的情况； 2.过量喝饮料的危害； 3.健康生活的建议。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Xiaohong, I’m writing to share a concerning update about Xiaoming and express my worry for you. Our classmate Xiaoming, who has long replaced mineral water with various sugary drinks was recently diagnosed with high blood pressure at the hospital. Knowing that you often reach for drinks instead of water, I can’t help but feel anxious about your health too. Most drinks are loaded with added sugars, which not only causes weight gain but also spikes blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of diabetes and heart diseases like high blood pressure. What’s more, the artificial additives in some drinks may harm the liver and disrupt metabolic functions. To adopt a healthier lifestyle, here are some suggestions. First, make it a habit to carry a water bottle and replace at least two daily drinks with plain water. Besides, incorporate physical activity into your routine, such as jogging or swimming, to boost blood circulation. Let’s support each other in making healthier choices! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给Xiaohong，介绍小明的情况，说明过量喝饮料的危害以及提出健康生活的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代替：replace→take place of 采取：adopt→employ 建议：suggestion→advice 此外：besides→moreover 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, incorporate physical activity into your routine, such as jogging or swimming, to boost blood circulation. 拓展句：Besides, incorporate physical activity into your routine, such as jogging or swimming, which can boost blood circulation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you often reach for drinks instead of water, I can’t help but feel anxious about your health too.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】To adopt a healthier lifestyle, here are some suggestions.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 闵行三中2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三年级 英语学科 试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At an airport. B. At a police station. C. In a hotel. D. In a bank. 2. A. Waiter. B. Car dealer. C. Mechanic D. Painter. 3. A.16. B. 50. C. 60. D. 800. 4. A. It provided nice food. B. It was hosted at a great place. C. It offered a firework show. D. It enabled him to meet an old friend. 5. A. The time is not convenient. B. Her house is not big enough. C. A few people won’t turn up. D. There won’t be enough food. 6. A. It is rather cool in the lecture hall. B. No one will be able to see what he is wearing. C. He expects the weather to change later in the day. D. The air conditioner in the lecture hall doesn’t work. 7. A. She didn’t want her ticket. B. She wouldn’t use her ticket. C. She wouldn’t enjoy the game. D. She would go with the man. 8. A. The film cost too much despite its high quality. B. The man didn’t like the film but the woman did. C. The man missed the film because of the woman. D. The man saw the film upon the advice of the woman. 9. A. Go back to the hall first. B. Look for the bag outside the classroom. C. Go and see if he left the bag in the hallway. D. Check the classroom to see if he left the bag there. 10. A. The woman would sew them back on. B. The woman would ask for a full refund. C. The man would not take the responsibility. D The man gave the woman a good suggestion. Section B Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will he spoken only once. When you hear a question. read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the qucation you have heard. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. A. Sit down and try to calm yourself. B. Run to the point where you` re seen. C Follow a stream reaching a lake or river. D. Memorize the route in the woods. 12. A. You may end up entering a wonderland. B. You may get drowned in a sudden flood. C. You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers. D. You may find a way out without knowing it. 13. A. Check the local weather. B. Find a map and a compass. C. Prepare enough food and drink. D. Inform someone of your plan. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. A. Conflicts between labor and management. B. Rights and responsibilities of company employees. C. Common complaints made by office workers. D. Health and safety conditions in the workplace. 15. A. They wanted the outdated equipment replaced. B. They quit work to protect their unborn babies. C. They sought help from union representatives. D. They requested to have their posts changed. 16. A. To show how busy they are at work. B. To show how they love winter sports. C. To protest against the poor working conditions. D. To protect themselves against the heating system. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. A. The relationship between farmers, Ward and Sears. B. The development of the catalog sales business. C. The relationship between the catalog and textbooks. D. The story of a Chicago retailer. 18. A. He wanted to beat Ward. B. He wanted to help his brother Ward. C. He thought this business was profitable. D. He enjoyed competition in this business. 19. A. City residents. B. Farmers. C. Business people. D. Students. 20. A. Schools were short of textbooks at that time. B. They helped improve students’ skills of spelling and adding. C. They helped students become familiar with a variety of goods. D. Students could order things from the catalogs. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet. On Oct. 12, 2017, McDonald’s Chinese business changed its company’s name from Maidanglao to Jingongmen. The fast food chain stated on its blog that China will still bear the old name ___1___ the fans can be reassured and consumers can still belovin’ it. The now logo had its start in 1952, ___2___ the McDonald’s brothers were interviewing architects to design the first McDonald’s location. But the brother’s plan to construct a restaurant with two arches on each side ___3___ (deny) by the first three architects. Then, they found Stanley Clark Meston. Meston designed the McDonald’s location to stand out amongst the surrounding buildings, ___4___ (grab) the attention of hungry drivers who could be convinced to pull over and buy a quick burger. Two golden arches, one on each side of the building, did just that. Originally, the two arches were not meant to form an “M”. However, as the building design became famous, the chain created a logo ___5___ (intend) to be a simple artistic view of a McDonald’s location, with a roof and two arches lining up to form an M. By the late 1960s, McDonald’s ___6___ (abandon) the two-arch design, with the golden arches appearing instead on signs. This is the era in which Ray Kroc had taken over the business, using the golden arches as a logo, not as an architectural instruction. Strangely, ___7___ many people may not realize is that the McDonald’s arches symbolized a mother’s nourishing breasts in Freudian terms, so Louis Cheskin, a design consultant, said McDonald’s ought to maintain its branding. Nearly two decades ago, Thomas Friedman came up ___8___ his “Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Prevention”. The idea ___9___ no two countries that had McDonald’s restaurants would go to war suited the post-cold war 1990s. Unfortunately, as war is now back on the menu, McDonald’s is ____10____ (likely) to prevent a fifth war between India and Pakistan. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. preferences B. evaluates C. benefit D. fortunately E. confidence F. organizations G. unsurprisingly H. conducted I. purchasing J. ranked K. ethical The Australian state of Victoria is investing in a program to identify new opportunities for its food and agriculture industries. As part of this initiative, the government ____11____ extensive research to identify which attributes of a good product are most important to consumers. As income levels rise and education levels improve, consumers across the world are becoming interested in more than just the price and quality of the food they eat. Indeed, some consumers are now willing to pay extra money for food with a special nutritional or health ____12____. In addition, some consumers are also choosing food based on how it was produced, including the environmental and____13____ impact of production. Victoria’s Department of Primary Industries designed and researched a report that analyzes ____14____ food products with “trust” attributes, specifically food safety, clean food, green food, animal welfare and ethical food production The report also determines the relative importance of the five nominated “trust” attributes and ____15____ their importance in relation to non-trust attribute’s such as price and quality. “Consumers are becoming increasingly insightful when making ____16____ decisions, and Victoria’s ability to demonstrate the trustworthiness of food products will be vital to maintain consumer ____17____. in priority export markets,” The report says. Between February and June 2004, the DPI interviewed 280 food industry shareholders, including retailers, wholesalers, foodservice managers, importers distributors and representatives of government, industry bodies and non-government ____18____. in 21 of Victoria’s major food markets, including France, Japan, the UK and the US. The research found, perhaps ____19____, that price, quality and food safety were the most important factors for consumers, with each factor____20____ as the most important by 18-20% of respondents. In fourth place, 8% of respondents felt flavor was the most important attribute of a food product for customers while 6% thought freshness was most important, and 3% thought the appearance packaging was most important. Health nutrition, brand image, and clean chemical free were each considered most important by just 1-2% of interviewees. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. From Oxford’s quads to Harvard Yard and many a steel and glass palace of higher education in between, exams are given way to holidays. As students consider life after graduation, universities are ___21___ questions about their own future. The higher education model of lecturing, cramming and examination has barely ___22___ for centuries. Now, three disruptive waves are threatening to shake established ways of teaching and learning. On one front, a funding ___23___ has created a shortage of fund that the universities brightest brains are struggling to solve. Institutions’ costs are rising, ___24___ pricey investments in technology, teachers’ salaries and increasing administrative costs. That comes as governments conclude that they can no longer afford to subsidize universities as ___25___ as they used to. American colleges, in particular, are under pressure: some analysts predict mass bankruptcies within two decades. At the same time, a(n) ___26___ revolution is challenging higher education’s business model. A(n) ___27___ in online learning, much of it free, means that the knowledge once a lucky few had access to has been released to anyone with a smartphone or laptop. These ___28___ and technological disruptions coincide with a third great change: whereas universities used to educate only a tiny elite, they are now ___29___ training and retraining workers throughout their careers. How will they ____30____ this storm—and what will emerge in their place if they don’t? The universities least likely to lose out to online competitors are elite institutions with established reputations and low student-to-tutor ratios. That is ____31____ news for the Ivy League, which offer networking opportunities to students alongside a degree. Those colleges might profit from expanding the ratio of online learning to classroom teaching, lowering their costs while still offering the prize of a college education conducted partly on campus. The most vulnerable, according to Jim Lerman of Kean University in New Jersey, are the “middle-tier institutions, which produce America's teachers, middle managers and administrators.” They could be ____32____ in greater part by online courses, he suggests. So might weaker community colleges, although those which cultivate connections to local employers might yet prove resilient (有弹力的). Since the first wave of massive online courses launched in 2012, an opposition has focused on their ____33____ and commercial uncertainties. Yet if critics think they are immune to the march of the MOOC, they are almost certainly wrong. Whereas online courses can quickly____34____ their content and delivery mechanisms, universities are up against serious cost and efficiency problems, with little changes of taking more from the public purse. Without the personal touch, higher education could become “an icebound, petrified (石化的) cast-iron university.” That is what the new wave of high-tech courses should not become. But as a(n) ____35____ to an overstretched, expensive model of higher education, they are more likely to prosper than fade. 21 A. answering B. facing C. settling D. guessing 22. A. reviewed B. existed C. substituted D. changed 23. A. situation B. trend C. crisis D. relief 24. A. owing to B. apart from C. except for D. rather than 25. A. patiently B. generously C. naturally D. ignorantly 26. A. technological B. professional C. educational D. geographical 27. A. difference B. emphasis C. harmony D. explosion 28. A. fundamental B. administrative C. financial D. psychological 29. A. responsible for B. eager for C. curious about D. enthusiastic about 30. A. observe B. chase C. witness D. survive 31. A. shocking B. good C. annoying D. neutral 32. A. promoted B. replaced C. maintained D. marketed 33. A. failure B. projects C. innovation D. progress 34. A. resist B. release C. adjust D. resemble 35. A. object B. relation C. implication D. alternative Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote. “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.” I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits. 36. There is no more hunting in India now partly because___. A. it is dangerous to hunt there B. hunting is already out of date C. hunters want to protect animals D. there are few animals left to hunt 37. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____. A. to make the countryside safe B. to earn people’s admiration C. to gain power and influence D. to improve their health 38. What do we learn about the big-game hunters? A. They hunt old animals B. They mistreat animals C. They hunt for food D. They hunt for money 39. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen? A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers D. Modern hunters should put their safety first B Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking “send” too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. Writing the wrong time The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names). Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal (透露) to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person. 40. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to _______. A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone 41. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email? A. Try offering other choices. B. Avoid further involvement. C Meet other staff members. D. Make a light-hearted apology. 42. What is the passage mainly about? A. Defining email errors. B. Reducing email mistakes. C. Handling email accidents. D. Improving email writing. C Over the past half-century, the tools of neuroscience have revealed much about the workings of the human brain. Now researchers are pushing forward in a new frontier: exploring what goes on in the mind of man’s best friend. The study of canine cognition（狗的认知）has taken off in recent years, energized by new findings about how dogs learn words, numbers and abstract concepts — and how they manage us. In a study published in the journal Animal Cognition, researchers used a procedure known as “preferential viewing” to show that dogs can understand simple calculations. Eleven pet dogs were shown treats that were then placed behind a screen and the screen was removed, dogs gazed briefly at the two treats. When two treats were deposited behind the screen but only one remained when the screen was taken away, the dogs stared at the lone treat for longer, indicating that they were aware the math didn’t add up. Dogs understand language too, and the new research shows they can learn more words than just “down” and “sit”. The average dog can learn 165 words, notes psychologist Stanley Coren of the University of British Columbia, and some superdogs can have a vocabulary of 250 words. In a study that appeared in the journal Science, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany reported on a border collie named Rico who could learn a name given to an unfamiliar object like a stuffed bunny through a process of elimination and could remember the name of that object four weeks later. (Border collies lead the list of the most intelligent dog breeds, according to a survey of dog-obedience judges; they’re followed by poodles, German shepherds, golden retrievers, Dobermans, Shetland sheepdogs and Labrador retrievers.) Dogs can learn to solve spatial problems — figuring out the fastest route to a favorite chair, locating a hidden treat — and can learn to operate simple mechanisms like latches（弹簧锁）. Most impressive of all is dogs’ ability to learn about humans. They respond to our gestures, they attend to our body language, and they follow our gaze to figure out what we’re looking at. They even are susceptible to repeating human yawns, according to a study published in the journal Biology Letters. As the longest-domesticated species, dogs have evolved alongside humans, selected over thousands of years for traits that make them especially sensitive to our cues. Another study from the journal Science reported that puppies only a few weeks old could interpret human signals, while full-grown wolves raised by humans could not. Dogs read people better than do chimpanzees, humans’ closest primate relative, according to research published this year. In fact, the most accurate comparison is to a human child: dogs have the social-cognition capacities of a 2-year-old. Gregory Berns, the Emory University researcher writes that there are “endless” questions still to be explored: How do dogs distinguish among the humans they know; is it by sight or smell? What meaning does our language have to them? The study of canine cognition, he notes, ultimately brings us back to our own desires and behaviors: “Because humans, in effect, created dogs through domestication, the canine mind reflects back to us how we see ourselves through the eyes, ears, and noses of another species.” 43. According to the study, shows that dogs can understand simple calculations. A. why researchers placed treats behind the screen B. what was expected before and behind the screen C. how the master instructed dogs to gaze at the treat D. that the dogs spent different time staring at the treats 44. Which of the following is TRUE about dogs’ understanding of language? A. Most dogs can repeat “down” and “sit”. B. Labrador retrievers appear to be the least intelligent dog breed. C. A border collie is so smart as to remember the name of a stuffed bunny. D. Rico has a vocabulary of 250 words, well above the average of 165 words. 45. The underlined phrase “susceptible to” in paragraph 4 probably means . . A. close to B. capable of C. suspected of D. subjected to 46. The writer of the passage may agree that dogs are . A. more intelligent than a 2-year-old child by nature B. domesticated because they have evolved alongside humans C. trained to take notice of our body language and follow our gaze D. smarter than wolves and chimpanzees in learning about humans Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____47____. It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____48____. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ____49____. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that power is right. This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years. ____50____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else. A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized. B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest. C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives. D. And not only has it won, buts also because it has won, it has been in the right. E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation.“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest. The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.”The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.” Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their program.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.” To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这公司推广的新电子设备无法满足本地学生的需要。（meet） 53. 这本词典需要做彻底修改，什么时候再版还不得而知。 (revise) （汉译英） 54. 他过去优异的学业成绩和工作经历使他比其他候选人在面试时更有心理优势。（advantage）（汉译英） 55. 据报道，这场京剧演出在海外赢得了许多掌声和好评，并且组织者成功地抓住了这个机会传播了中国文化。(It...) （汉译英） VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是李华，你的同班同学小明特别喜欢喝饮料，平时总以饮料代替矿泉水，最近被医院诊断患有高血压。你知道后，很担心同样爱喝饮料的好友小红。请写一封信给她，信中包含： 1.介绍小明的情况； 2.过量喝饮料的危害； 3.健康生活的建议。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$