Unit6 Space and Beyond【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（外研版2019选择性必修第四册）

Unit 6 Space and Beyond Unit1 话题 人与自然 词汇 1.notion　2.disc　3.shuttle　4.excursion 5.rekindle 6.lifelike 7.telescope 8.galaxy9.cosmic 10.conceivably 11.particle12.muscle 13.pepper14.sneeze 短语 1.set foot on 踏上 2．become accustomed to 习惯于……3．make it 获得成功4．take off 起飞5．tune in 观看6．cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影 7.call to 号召；向……喊叫8．no wonder 难怪 9．be engaged in 从事于，忙于 10．be composed of 由……组成 11．close to 接近，靠近12．the/one's quest for 对……的追求/探索 句型 1. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 2. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 3. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. 语法 复习情态动词 写作 活动类日记 考点1. become accustomed to习惯于…… Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球后,人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。  【拓展】 (1) accustomed adj.习惯的;惯常的 become/be/get/grow accustomed to (　doing  ) sth. =be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 (2) accustom vt.使习惯 accustom oneself/sb. to sth. 使自己/某人习惯某事(物) 【经典练】 ①I have become accustomed to _________ (live)in the countryside, and find it hard to live in the city. 我习惯了住在农村,觉得难以在城市生活。 ②He got on the bus and took his _________seat. 他上了公共汽车,坐在他惯常的座位上。 ③She found it necessary to _________ herself to the working pace. 她觉得必须让自己适应这种工作节奏。 【好句背默】句式升级 ④ I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city. →___________________________________, I always find it hard to live in the city.(过去分词短语作状语) →___________________________________, I always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语) 考点2. take off起飞;突然大受欢迎;迅速流行;休假 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时,全世界似乎都对参与的宇航员的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。 【拓展】 take up 开始做;开始从事;占用(时间或空间);继续(做);接着讲 take on 承担;呈现;雇用 take in 理解,领会;吸入;欺骗;注意到 take over 接管;接任;占上风;取而代之 【经典练】 ①Soon emojis _________ throughout the world. 很快表情符号就风靡世界了。 ②Have you ever thought of _________ acting? 你想过从事表演吗? ③In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have _________ a lifesaving role. 在农村地区,救护车可能需要相对长的时间才能到达,电话亭起到了挽救生命的作用。 ④Bruce will _________as general manager when Daniel retires.丹尼尔退休后,布鲁斯将接任总经理一职。 ⑤He did not _________ what he read because his mind wandered. 因为他心不在焉,所以他没有理解他所读的东西。 考点3. shadow n.坏影响,阴影;影子;背光处,昏暗处 vt.跟踪;在……上投下阴影 It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.这是有史以来最具灾难性的太空事故,它给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。 【拓展】 (1)in/under the shadow of... 在……的阴影下;被……的光彩掩盖,在……的光环之下 in the shadows 在阴影中,在背光处,在昏暗处 shadow play 皮影戏 (2) cast/throw a shadow/shadows on/over在……上投下影子；给……蒙上阴影 【经典练】 ①An unhappy childhood might cast a _________ on/over one’s whole life.不快乐的童年可能会给一个人的一生蒙上阴影。 ②It was hard to tell whether Professor Wang had heard the words as her face was hidden _________. 很难说王教授有没有听见这些话,因为她的脸藏在阴影之中。 ③I’m not very confident because my brother is so excellent that I have always lived ____________ of him. 我不是很自信,因为我的哥哥太优秀了,以至于我一直生活在他的光环之下。 ④These people have been living for years under the _________ of fear.这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。 【好句背默】补全句子 ⑤The girl _________ on the beach, leaving a long and lonely figure in sight. 女孩的影子投在海滩上,留下一个长长的、孤独的身影。 考点4. submit v.提交,呈递(文件、建议等);投降,屈服 Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself...提交一段三分钟的视频介绍你自己…… 【拓展】 (1) submit sth. to  sb. 向某人提交/呈递某物 submit (oneself) to  ... 向……屈服 (2) submission n.提交(物);投降,屈服 submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的，恭顺的 【经典练】 ①The people of this country refused to _________ (themselves) to foreign invasion. 这个国家的人民面对外敌入侵拒绝屈服。 ②All _________ (submit) must be handed in by the end of this week. 所有提交的材料必须在本周结束前交上来。 ③Children at school must submit _________the orders of the teachers. 在学校里的孩子们必须服从老师的命令。 【好句背默】 ④Having learned that you are recruiting oversea students, I am writing this letter to submit my application to you. 得知贵校正在招募留学生,我写信向您提交我的申请。 考点5. be engaged in (doing) sth.从事于……，忙于…… To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家现在开始研发比以往任何时候都更先进的望远镜。 【拓展】 (1) engage vt.&vi. 参加；雇佣；吸引住（注意力、兴趣） engage oneself in (doing) sth. 使自己忙于，从事…… be engaged to sb. 和……订婚 engage in 参与……，参加…… (2) engaged adj. 已订婚的；忙于……的；从事……的 engagement n. 婚约；预约 【经典练】 ①I was totally _________ my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。 ②Her daughter _________ a young teacher.她女儿和一位年轻老师订婚了。 ③He wants to _________ foreign trade.＝He wants to _________ foreign trade.他想要从事外贸工作。 ④Only 10% of American adults _________ regular exercise.只有10%的美国成年人定期进行锻炼。 考点6. be composed of由……组成 The 500-meter dish of “ Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought ot be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 据了解，这个叫做“天眼”的500米口径巨盘正被用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为是由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜观测不到。 【拓展】 (1) be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成 (2) compose v. 创作；作曲；构成，组成 composer n. 作曲家；创作者 composition n. [U]构成；作曲； [C] 作品；作文 【经典练】 ①The committee _________mainly of lawyers.委员会主要由律师组成。 ②England, Scotland, and wales_________ the island of Great Britain.英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。 ③The group ___________________ ten people.＝Ten people ________________ the group.这个小组由十个人组成。 考点7. scream v．尖声大叫；高声喊，大声叫　n．尖叫声 The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。 【拓展】 scream with/in 因……而尖叫 scream for 为……而叫喊 scream out 高声喊，大声叫 let out a scream 发出一声尖叫 【经典练】 ①At the sight of the monster, he stepped backward with legs trembling, screaming _________terror.看到怪物，他双腿颤抖着往后退，害怕地尖叫。 ②Someone was _________ help.有人在喊救命。 ③He _________ her name.他高声叫喊她的名字。 ④Hilda let out _________.希尔达发出了一声尖叫。 【好句背默】 ⑤Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins _________at the top of her lungs.出乎意料的是，我和大猩猩面对面，它开始尖声大叫。 考点8. suspend v．暂停，中止；使……暂时停学/停职；悬，挂，吊 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were spspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.令人震惊的“挑战者号”灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年的时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。 【拓展】 suspend sb. from sth. 使某人暂时停学/停职 suspension n. 暂停，中止；悬浮 表示“推迟，延期”的表达法：postpone/put off/delay/set back等。 【经典练】 ①Production has been _________ for the safety checks are being carried out.由于正在进行安全检查，生产暂停。 ②Julie was suspended _________ her job shortly after that incident.那个事件发生后不久，朱莉就被停职了。 ③A lamp was _________ from the ceiling.一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。 考点9. reach for the stars摘星揽月；探索星球；有崇高的目标 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者号”的牺牲呼唤着、提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 【拓展】 reach for 伸手去取 reach out 伸出(手) reach out to sb. 表示对某人感兴趣，愿意援助某人 【经典练】 ①If you ______________, you ultimately will achieve better results.如果你胸怀大志，你最终会取得更好的成绩。 ②The child_________ to pick up the kitten.那个孩子伸出手抱起那只小猫。 ③She set up her charity to _________ the thousands of homeless people on the streets.她创建了慈善团体，向数以千计流落街头的人提供帮助。 【好句背默】 ④Dunn believes that people who ____________feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.邓恩认为，那些主动接触陌生人的人会明显感受到更大的归属感，一种与他人的联系。 考点10. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。 句式分析：(ever) since＋一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 【拓展】 ever since的用法与since类似，可以作副词、介词和连词。 ever since构成的短语或引导的从句作时间状语时，句子或主句通常用完成时态。 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语还有so far, up to now, until/till now, by now, “for＋时间段”等。 【经典练】 ①He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there _________.他早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起就一直在那里写文章。 ②I ________________ him ever since he graduated last year.自去年他毕业以后，我就没有收到过他的信。 考点11. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，全世界似乎对宇航员所取得的惊人成就已不再感到惊奇。 句式分析：不定式的完成式 to have done sth.表示不定式所发生的动作在主句谓语动词所发生的动作之前。 【拓展】 (1)不定式的一般式为to do，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或者动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之后； (2)不定式的进行式to be doing，表示动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，并且动作正在进行。 【经典练】 ①The young man seemed _______________ much.这个年轻人似乎变化很大。 ②To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided _________ (take) Chinese folk music as an elective course. 为了更深入地了解中国文化，杰克决定将学习中国民间音乐作为一门选修课程。 ③The boy pretend _________ when his mother entered his room. 当他的母亲走进他的房间时，这个男孩假装在睡觉。 【好句背默】完成句子 ④罗斯比赛之前一点儿也不紧张，她好像对此做好了充分的准备。 Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She__________________ pretty well. 考点12. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue... 但是毫无疑问,载人飞行将继续下去…… 句式分析：There is/was never any/no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”,其中doubt是名词,that引导的是同位语 从句,表示doubt的具体内容。当主句为肯定句时用whether 引导同位语从句。 【拓展】 doubt作名词后接同位语从句,或作动词后接宾语从句时,要注意: ①当主句为肯定句时,用whether引导同位语从句(不可用if引导同位语从句),用whether或if引导宾语从句,表示“不信任,不相信,怀疑”。常用句型为:I doubt whether/if...。 ②当主句为否定句或疑问句时,用that引导同位语从句或宾语从句,表示“相信,不怀疑”。常用句型为:I don’t doubt that...。 【经典练】 ①He had his doubts _________ they would give him another chance to have a try. 他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。 ②To be honest, I doubt _________I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 说实话,我怀疑我到底是否会对这些男孩的生活产生任何影响。 ③I don’t doubt _________he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。 ④There is no doubt _________humankind is drawn to Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. 毫无疑问人类对火星感兴趣,梦想着使它成为我们的第二家园。 【好句背默】 ⑤It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt _________ the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day. 对它们来说,天气还是有点太冷而不能去户外,但我毫不怀疑天气一暖和起来,小家伙就会每天都出去到处探索和玩耍。 考点13. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.例如在中国三星堆考古遗址发掘的神秘的古蜀国巨目铜像,古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。 句式分析：“...be believed to do”句型，意为“人们相信/认为……;据信……”,该句型也可以表达为 “it is believed that…   ”,其中it 为形式主语, that 引导主语从句。 【拓展】 有类似用法的动词还有consider、declare、expect、report、say、predict、suppose、think等。 【经典练】 ①Graffiti in its modern form_______________ first become popular in the United States in the 1960s. =_______________ graffiti in its modern form has first become popular in the United States in the 1960s. 人们认为现代形式的涂鸦最早于20世纪60年代在美国流行起来。 ②Around 5 trillion pieces of plastic _________________ currently floating in the ocean.= _________________around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in the ocean. 据认为,目前大约有五万亿个塑料碎片漂浮在海洋中。 考点14. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行和乘飞机旅行一样安全。 句式分析：no＋比较级．..＋than “同……一样不……” 【拓展】 no more than 仅仅，不过 not more than 不超过，不多于 not more...than... 不如…… more...than... 比……更……；与其说……倒不如说…… more than 不仅仅，非常，多于 【经典练】 ①This TV play is _____________________ that one.这部电视剧和那部电视剧一样都不令人感兴趣。 ②It is no more _________ ten minutes' walk from the station. 从车站出发步行大约只需十分钟。 ③I think she's _________ unfriendly.我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。 ④The beauty of the mountainous village is _____________--.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。 ⑤This dictionary is _________ (much) than a dictionary; it's like a grammar book. 这本词典不仅仅是一本词典；它简直就是一本语法书。 1． 语法精讲——复习情态动词 1．I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young. 2．May I come in? 3．It can be quite cold here at night. 4．It may/might rain this afternoon. 5．Will you mind opening the window for me? 6．He would go to the park whenever he was free. 7．When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 8．If the train is on time, she should/ought to arrive in Beijing by seven o'clock. 9．You mustn't stop your car in the busy street. 10．You don't have to finish the work now. 11．Need I finish the work today? 12．He dared not do it. [共性呈现] 1．画线部分均为情态动词，表示说话者的__________________。 2．所有情态动词都要和实义动词________一起构成谓语。 常用的情态动词有can、could、be able to、may、might、must、have to、need、dare、 shall、should、ought to、will、would、used to等。情态动词(除have to、be able to外)通常无人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,需与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语动词。 一、can, could的用法 1. 表示能力，意为 “能、会”。 can、could都可以表示能力,意为“能,会”。 can   表示现在的能力; could 表示过去的能力; This hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个大厅至少能容纳500人。 At that time the little girl could not speak. 那时这个小女孩还不会说话。 温馨提示 be able to多指具体的能力,表示“能够并确实做到”,相当于manage to,而且重点往往在于“成功地实现”。be able to有人称和数的变化,时态形式比can更多样,还可以用在may、might、should等情态动词和want、need等动词后。 By the time he graduated from college, he had been able to speak three foreign languages. 到大学毕业时,他已经能够说三种外语了。 2. can/could可以表推测。 can用于肯定句时，表示理论上的可能性，即从理论上去考虑其可能性，至于实际情况如何，则不予考虑，而且没有具体的时间意义。其否定式can't是语气最强的否定推测，翻译为“不可能，一定不”。can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could只表示可能性比can小，不表示时态。can比could语气强。 Exercising alone can be boring. 独自一个人锻炼可能会很无聊。 Vitamins cannot be manufactured by our bodies. 人体不能生成维生素。 What can he possibly mean？他会是什么意思呢？ 3. can  可表示客观可能性,意为“有时会”。 Peter can be difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. 虽然总的来说,彼得是个好人,可他有时可能会不好相处。 4. can、could可表示请求和建议,回答时用can。could比can语气更委婉。 —Can/Could I use your computer for a moment?我可以用一会儿你的电脑吗? —Yes, you can.可以。 5. can、could可表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度,常用于否定句和疑问句。 —Can/Could this be true? 这可能是真的吗? —This can’t/couldn’t be true./This could be true.这不可能是真的。/这可能是真的。 【经典练】 1.Getting up suddenly______ lead to the rapid heart rate and high blood pressure. 2.From the moment he ______ read, he was never without a book in his hands. 3.—Is Jenny knocking at the door? —No. It______ be Jenny. She is in France now. 4.Not only ______ he play the piano, but he also plays the violin very well. 二、may, might的用法 1.表示请求或许可。 might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答用may/might;否定回答用must’t ,表示禁止,意为“不可以”。 —May/Might I watch TV after supper, Mum? 妈妈,晚饭后我可以看电视吗? —Yes, you may/might./No, you mustn’t. 可以。/不行,不准看。 2. 表示推测 may和might表推测既可以用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中。用于肯定句中译为“可能”，否定式为may not/might not，译为“可能不”。might的可能性比may更小、更委婉一些。may和might后可接副词well加强语气，意为“很可能”。 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。 If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. 如果我继续走下去，我可能看不到回去的路了。 He may/might well find that the course is too difficult. 他很可能觉得这门课太难了。 3. may可表示祝愿,用于祈使句中,常用结构为“May+主语+动词原形!” May you succeed! 祝你成功! 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. People are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It ______cause danger. 2. you pass the College Entrance Examination! 3. Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. 三、must, have to的用法 1.must、have to表示义务,意为“必须”。在回答must引出的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定的回答一般不能用mustn’t (禁止,不准),而要用needn’t或don ’t have to (不必)。 —Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我们今天必须交练习本吗? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t/don’t have to.是的,你们必须交。/不,你们不需要。 2.must表推测时只用于肯定句，经常翻译成“一定”或“肯定”，所作出的推测几乎接近于事实，语气最肯定。 He has been working all day. He must be very tired. 他一整天一直在工作。他肯定非常累。 3. must表示“必须”时是说话人的主观  看法,而have to则强调客观  需要,意为 “不得不”。 I had to work when I was your age. 我在你这个年纪时,必须工作。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你母亲现在肯定在等你。 4. must还可以表示“硬要,偏要,非要”。 Must you spoil everything? 你一定要破坏一切吗? 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. 法律禁止人们酒后驾车。 The law states that people after drinking alcohol. 2. 我今天没必要去工作。 I don’t today. 3. 作为高中生，我不得不更努力地学习。 I will as a senior high school student. 四、shall, should, ought to 的用法 1. shall 的用法 (1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见; What shall we do this evening? 今晚我们要做什么? (2)也可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等。 You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作你就会失败。 (3)shall 用于正式文件、法律法令、规章制度、条约、规定等,意为“必须”。 No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. 任何人不得在这一区域吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。 2. should/ought to的用法 (1)should/ought to表示责任、义务、建议等,意为“应该”,ought to比should语气重。 (2)should/ought to表示推测,指合乎理想的情况,意为“按说应该”。注意与must区分。 He ought to/should be home by now. 他现在应该在家了。(不太肯定) He must be home now. 他现在肯定在家。(断定他在家) (3)should常与what、how、why等词连用,表示出乎意料、惊讶的语气,意为“竟然 ”。 I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我不知道为什么你竟然认为这件事是我做的。 【经典练】单句语法填空 1.The park rules state that no child ______ be allowed to play on the slide without the company of an adult. 2.I still find it hard to imagine that such a clever child _______ make such a foolish mistake. 3.Under no circumstances ________ we allow drugs to become uncontrolled in our district. 五、will和would的用法 (1)will的用法 ①表示主语的意志或决心，意为“会，想，要”。 She won't give in to the enemy.她不愿向敌人屈服。 ②表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句。 Will you tell me how to get to the shopping mall? 你能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗？ (2)would的用法 ①作为will的过去式，用于过去时中，表示主观愿望或意志，意为“愿意，执意”。 I urged him to do it，but he wouldn't hear of it. 我催促他做那件事，但他不愿意。 ②用于第二人称，表示谦恭的请求或征求意见，比will更为婉转。 Would you explain this to me？你可以给我讲一下这个吗？ ③表示过去经常发生的动作，后接动词原形，意为“总是，总会”。 On Sundays, he would come to see his aging parents. 在星期天的时候，他总是来看望他年迈的父母。 【经典练】完成句子 1．当他年轻的时候，他每天早上都爬那座小山。 When he was young, he every morning. 2．他住在乡下时总是起得很早。 He when he lived in the country. 3．请你给我打开窗户好吗？ you mind opening the window for me? 4．——告诉我你的秘密。——我不会。如果我告诉你，那就不是秘密了。 —Tell me your secret. — . It wouldn’t be a secret if I told you. 六、used to的用法 used to表示“过去常常”,没有人称和数的变化，仅用于过去时中，通常指所表示的过去的习惯现在已经没有了。 He used to be late, but now he is the first one to arrive at school every day. 他过去常常迟到,但现在他每天都是第一个到校。 温馨提示：would比used to的区别 would比used to正式,would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作，没有与现在对比的含义；used to 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在已经不再这样了。 七、need, dare的用法 (1)need作情态动词时意为“需要”,无时态、人称变化;dare作情态动词时意为“敢”,无人 称变化,但有过去式dared。二者多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 (2)以情态动词need开头的疑问句,肯定回答常用must ,否定回答常用needn ’ t。 You needn’t try to explain. 你不必试图解释。 I dared not touch the flower for its tenderness. 那朵花太娇嫩了,我不敢碰它。 Dare you tell him the news? 你敢告诉他这个消息吗? —Need you go yet? 你有必要现在去吗? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t. 是的,我必须现在去。/不,我不必现在去。 (3)need和dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化，变成否定句、疑问句时，需要加助动词。 You don't need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。 We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 【经典练】完成句子 1.我喜欢周末，因为不必早起。 I love the weekend, because . 2.需要我马上把孩子们召集在一起吗？ together at once? 3.我知道你不敢独自一人去冬泳。 I understand you alone. 4. 她敢晚上一个人走回家吗？ home alone at night? home alone at night? 八、情态动词+have done 有些情态动词后可跟完成式。 1.can、could、may、might、must后接完成式可表示对过去情况的推测。 (1)can/could have done常用于疑问句中表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定,could的语气较弱。 (2)may/might have done用于对已经发生过的情况进行不确定的推测,might的语气稍弱,通常不用于疑问句中。注意might have done还可表示对现在以及将来某一时间之前情况的推测。 (3)must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测,语气较强,意思是“一定,肯定”,其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done,意为“不可能”。 He might have gone to work when you arrive. 当你到达时他可能已经去工作了。(推测) I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. 我丢了一只手套。我一定是把它掉在什么地方了。(推测) He can’t have gone abroad; I saw him ten minutes ago. 他不可能出国了,我十分钟之前看见他了。(推测) I couldn’t have been more than six years old when the accident happened. 事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。(推测) They can/could/may/might have known it beforehand. 他们之前可能已经知道这件事了。(推测) 2.could、might、should、ought to、needn’t、would后接完成式可表示与过去事实相反。 (1)could have done可表示“过去本来可以做而实际未能做某事”。 (2)might have done可表示“过去可能发生但实际没有发生某事”。 (3)should/ought to have done可表示“过去本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”,含有责备的意思;ought to的语气比should强烈。 (4)needn’t have done可表示“过去本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。 (5)would have done可表示“过去本要发生但未发生某事”。 (6)在虚拟条件句中,从句用过去完成时,主句用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式,即 would/could/should/might have done,可表示与过去事实相反的情况。 It’s too late. You could have told him earlier. 太晚了,你本可以早点告诉他的。(与过去事实相反) Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. 怀特先生本应该八点半来开会的,但他没有露面。(与过去事实相反) As you worked late yesterday, you needn’t have come this morning. 由于你昨天工作到很晚,今天早上你本不必来的。(与过去事实相反) I would have called you, but there wasn’t time. 我本来要给你打电话的,但没有时间。(与过去事实相反) If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 如果他努力学习了,他就会通过这次考试了。(虚拟条件句) 【经典练】完成句子 1.The boy (可能已经知道了事实)，but I am not quite sure. 2.Go and ask him about it.He (不可能忘了)it. 3.Don't worry.Your father (也许伤得不严重)． 4.She's not here.She (准是走了)． 5.We (本来可以面对) the difficulty together，but you didn't tell me. 6.You (本来不必工作)that late last night.The deadline is tomorrow afternoon. 7.You (本应该来) to the conference yesterday. 8.The pills (也许可以对他有帮助) but he didn't take them regularly. 九、情态动词的一些习惯用法 (1)cannot/can never...too 或 cannot...enough 表示“无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好”。 You cannot be too careful. 你越细心越好 (2)cannot help doing.../cannot help but do /cannot but do...表示“禁不仕 I couldn't help jumping up when I saw him. 看到他我就情不自禁地跳了起来。 I cannot but admire his bravery. 我不得不佩服他的勇敢。 (3)“may/might as well+动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨”，相当于had better It is very late,so you may/might as well go to bed. 夜深了，你不妨去睡吧。 【经典练】 1.When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but ________（see） in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 2.We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad.(用正确的情态动词填空) 二．写作精讲——活动类日记 一、写作分析 在写活动类日记时，可以从活动主题、活动过程及感受等方面进行叙述。可按时间变化、地，点转换或事件发展为线索组织行文。 2、 篇章结构 第一段：介绍活动主题； 第二段：介绍活动过程； 第三段：表达个人体验感受。 3、 语言特点 语言生动活泼：使用情感形容词、评价性动词， 句式多样：简单句、复合句和感叹句 1、 常用词汇 1.介绍活动主题： in order to; encourage; stimulate; enthusiasm; scientific; space; experience... 2.介绍活动过程： excited; nervous, amazing; cosmic; awesome; surprised; enter; imagine; launch; flight; witness; suspend; feel like; get used to; experience; capsule; instruction; step; achievement; decade; astronaut; exploration; space shuttle; telescope... 3.体验感受： success; meaningful; science; research； enrich; understanding; devote to; make contributions to; turn out; come true... 二、常用句式 1.To help us students learn more about...,our school organised a visit to... 2.During the visit, we got the experience of.. 3.Then,we visited an exhibition which...and all of us felt. 4.When we really experienced...,we all felt excited and we couldn't help.. 5.Sitting in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to... 6.We had never known that life in space was so.. and we further realised that... 7.Getting out of the capsule, we still felt that..., which made us... 8.The experience helps arouse our enthusiasm for learning science and. 假定你是李华，你校组织学生参加了模拟太空飞船体验活动。请用英语写一篇日记， 内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.体验过程； 3.你的感受。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 日记 时态 一般过去时 主题 体验日记 人称 第一人称 布局 首段：介绍活动目的。 中段：介绍体验过程。 尾段：谈谈自己的感受。 第二步　要点翻译 1.为了帮助我们学生更多地了解太空，并激发我们学习科学的热情，我们学校今天上午在市太空博物馆组织了一场太空飞船的模拟体验活动。 To help us students learn more about space and ______________ for studying science, our school organized a simulated experience of spaceship in our city space museum this morning. 2. 事实证明这项活动非常有意义。 It ________ that this activity was very meaningful. 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句合并句子 In the beginning,we visited the city space museum. In the space museum we learned about some human achievements in space exploration. →In the beginning, we visited the city space museum _______ we learned about some human achievements in space exploration. 2. 用现在分词短语作伴随状语 We sat in the capsure and imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space. →_____ in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space. 第四步　连句成篇 Friday April 1,2022 To help us students learn more about space and arouse our enthusiasm for studying science, our school organized a simulated experience of spaceship in our city space museum this morning. It turned out that this activity was very meaningful. In the beginning, we visited the city space museum where we learned about some human achievements in space exploration.Then we started to experience the life in the capsule with a group of four students each time. Sitting in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space.How time flew, and after visiting for three hours, we returned to our school. We all thought the experience was so valuable and that we should study hard to make contributions to our country in the future. 一、短 语 1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 2．make a getaway逃跑，逃走 3．run for one’s life 逃命 4．check out调查，检查 5．test the waters试水，试探 6．the unknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 7．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 8．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去 9．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．shrink from避免做，不愿做 11．look into调查(问题) 12．correspond to与……相符/一致 13．apply...to...把……应用于…… 14．on top of除此之外 15．at something’s peak达到顶峰 16．offer a window into提供了解……的一扇窗 17．beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外 18．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身 二、词性转变 1.expansion n．扩大；增加expand v．扩张，(使)膨胀；发展 2．investigation n．调查investigate v．调查 3.archaeological adv.考古学的；考古的archaeology n．考古学archaeologist n．考古学家 4．drilling n．钻探；勘探drill v．钻孔；训练 5．civilise v．文明化；教化civilisation n．文明civilised adj.文明的 6．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地 7．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的 8．abandon v．离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n．离弃；遗弃 9. astronomy n．天文学astronaut n．宇航员 10. notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的note v．注意 三、句 子 1. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。 2. Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. 激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败。 3. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 4. There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.有位普通教师在“挑战者”号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。 5. To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。 6. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。 7. Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。 8. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 9. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 10. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 11. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. （情态动词would表推测）全世界都震惊了!大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。 1. The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. —Carl Sagan 宇宙存于我们体内。我们皆为星辰之子。——卡尔·萨根 2. Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. ——Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生为流浪者，至今仍是。——卡尔·萨根 3. Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder about what makes the universe exist. ——Stephen Hawking 仰望星空，而非俯视双脚。尝试理解所见之物，思索宇宙存在的意义。——斯蒂芬·霍金 4. The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. ——Neil deGrasse Tyson 宇宙没有义务让你理解它。——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Space and Beyond Unit1 话题 人与自然 词汇 1.notion　2.disc　3.shuttle　4.excursion 5.rekindle 6.lifelike 7.telescope 8.galaxy9.cosmic 10.conceivably 11.particle12.muscle 13.pepper14.sneeze 短语 1.set foot on 踏上 2．become accustomed to 习惯于……3．make it 获得成功4．take off 起飞5．tune in 观看6．cast a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影 7.call to 号召；向……喊叫8．no wonder 难怪 9．be engaged in 从事于，忙于 10．be composed of 由……组成 11．close to 接近，靠近12．the/one's quest for 对……的追求/探索 句型 1. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 2. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 3. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. 语法 复习情态动词 写作 活动类日记 考点1. become accustomed to习惯于…… Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球后,人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。  【拓展】 (1) accustomed adj.习惯的;惯常的 become/be/get/grow accustomed to (　doing  ) sth. =be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 (2) accustom vt.使习惯 accustom oneself/sb. to sth. 使自己/某人习惯某事(物) 【经典练】 ①I have become accustomed to living (live)in the countryside, and find it hard to live in the city. 我习惯了住在农村,觉得难以在城市生活。 ②He got on the bus and took his accustomed seat. 他上了公共汽车,坐在他惯常的座位上。 ③She found it necessary to accustom herself to the working pace. 她觉得必须让自己适应这种工作节奏。 【好句背默】句式升级 ④ I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city. →Accustomed to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city.(过去分词短语作状语) →Accustoming myself to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语) 考点2. take off起飞;突然大受欢迎;迅速流行;休假 When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. 当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时,全世界似乎都对参与的宇航员的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。 【拓展】 take up 开始做;开始从事;占用(时间或空间);继续(做);接着讲 take on 承担;呈现;雇用 take in 理解,领会;吸入;欺骗;注意到 take over 接管;接任;占上风;取而代之 【经典练】 ①Soon emojis took off throughout the world. 很快表情符号就风靡世界了。 ②Have you ever thought of taking up acting? 你想过从事表演吗? ③In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. 在农村地区,救护车可能需要相对长的时间才能到达,电话亭起到了挽救生命的作用。 ④Bruce will take over as general manager when Daniel retires.丹尼尔退休后,布鲁斯将接任总经理一职。 ⑤He did not take in what he read because his mind wandered. 因为他心不在焉,所以他没有理解他所读的东西。 考点3. shadow n.坏影响,阴影;影子;背光处,昏暗处 vt.跟踪;在……上投下阴影 It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people’s hearts.这是有史以来最具灾难性的太空事故,它给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。 【拓展】 (1)in/under the shadow of... 在……的阴影下;被……的光彩掩盖,在……的光环之下 in the shadows 在阴影中,在背光处,在昏暗处 shadow play 皮影戏 (2) cast/throw a shadow/shadows on/over在……上投下影子；给……蒙上阴影 【经典练】 ①An unhappy childhood might cast a shadow on/over one’s whole life.不快乐的童年可能会给一个人的一生蒙上阴影。 ②It was hard to tell whether Professor Wang had heard the words as her face was hidden in shadow. 很难说王教授有没有听见这些话,因为她的脸藏在阴影之中。 ③I’m not very confident because my brother is so excellent that I have always lived in/under the shadow of him. 我不是很自信,因为我的哥哥太优秀了,以至于我一直生活在他的光环之下。 ④These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.这些人多年来一直生活在恐怖的阴影中。 【好句背默】补全句子 ⑤The girl cast/threw a shadow on the beach, leaving a long and lonely figure in sight. 女孩的影子投在海滩上,留下一个长长的、孤独的身影。 考点4. submit v.提交,呈递(文件、建议等);投降,屈服 Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself...提交一段三分钟的视频介绍你自己…… 【拓展】 (1) submit sth. to  sb. 向某人提交/呈递某物 submit (oneself) to  ... 向……屈服 (2) submission n.提交(物);投降,屈服 submissive adj. 服从的，顺从的，恭顺的 【经典练】 ①The people of this country refused to submit (themselves) to foreign invasion. 这个国家的人民面对外敌入侵拒绝屈服。 ②All submissions(submit) must be handed in by the end of this week. 所有提交的材料必须在本周结束前交上来。 ③Children at school must submit to the orders of the teachers. 在学校里的孩子们必须服从老师的命令。 【好句背默】 ④Having learned that you are recruiting oversea students, I am writing this letter to submit my application to you. 得知贵校正在招募留学生,我写信向您提交我的申请。 考点5. be engaged in (doing) sth.从事于……，忙于…… To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家现在开始研发比以往任何时候都更先进的望远镜。 【拓展】 (1) engage vt.&vi. 参加；雇佣；吸引住（注意力、兴趣） engage oneself in (doing) sth. 使自己忙于，从事…… be engaged to sb. 和……订婚 engage in 参与……，参加…… (2) engaged adj. 已订婚的；忙于……的；从事……的 engagement n. 婚约；预约 【经典练】 ①I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。 ②Her daughter was engaged to a young teacher.她女儿和一位年轻老师订婚了。 ③He wants to be engaged in foreign trade.＝He wants to engage (himself) in foreign trade.他想要从事外贸工作。 ④Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise.只有10%的美国成年人定期进行锻炼。 考点6. be composed of由……组成 The 500-meter dish of “ Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought ot be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 据了解，这个叫做“天眼”的500米口径巨盘正被用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为是由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜观测不到。 【拓展】 (1) be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成 (2) compose v. 创作；作曲；构成，组成 composer n. 作曲家；创作者 composition n. [U]构成；作曲； [C] 作品；作文 【经典练】 ①The committee is composed mainly of lawyers.委员会主要由律师组成。 ②England, Scotland, and wales compose the island of Great Britain.英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士组成了大不列颠岛。 ③The group is composed of/is made up of/consists of ten people.＝Ten people make up/compose the group.这个小组由十个人组成。 考点7. scream v．尖声大叫；高声喊，大声叫　n．尖叫声 The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.“挑战者号”在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。 【拓展】 scream with/in 因……而尖叫 scream for 为……而叫喊 scream out 高声喊，大声叫 let out a scream 发出一声尖叫 【经典练】 ①At the sight of the monster, he stepped backward with legs trembling, screaming with terror.看到怪物，他双腿颤抖着往后退，害怕地尖叫。 ②Someone was screaming for help.有人在喊救命。 ③He screamed out her name.他高声叫喊她的名字。 ④Hilda let out a scream.希尔达发出了一声尖叫。 【好句背默】 ⑤Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.出乎意料的是，我和大猩猩面对面，它开始尖声大叫。 考点8. suspend v．暂停，中止；使……暂时停学/停职；悬，挂，吊 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were spspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle’s components were redesigned.令人震惊的“挑战者号”灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年的时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。 【拓展】 suspend sb. from sth. 使某人暂时停学/停职 suspension n. 暂停，中止；悬浮 表示“推迟，延期”的表达法：postpone/put off/delay/set back等。 【经典练】 ①Production has been suspended for the safety checks are being carried out.由于正在进行安全检查，生产暂停。 ②Julie was suspended from her job shortly after that incident.那个事件发生后不久，朱莉就被停职了。 ③A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.一盏吊灯悬在天花板上。 考点9. reach for the stars摘星揽月；探索星球；有崇高的目标 The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者号”的牺牲呼唤着、提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 【拓展】 reach for 伸手去取 reach out 伸出(手) reach out to sb. 表示对某人感兴趣，愿意援助某人 【经典练】 ①If you reach for the stars, you ultimately will achieve better results.如果你胸怀大志，你最终会取得更好的成绩。 ②The child reached out to pick up the kitten.那个孩子伸出手抱起那只小猫。 ③She set up her charity to reach out to the thousands of homeless people on the streets.她创建了慈善团体，向数以千计流落街头的人提供帮助。 【好句背默】 ④Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.邓恩认为，那些主动接触陌生人的人会明显感受到更大的归属感，一种与他人的联系。 考点10. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次踏上月球以来，人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。 句式分析：(ever) since＋一般过去时，主句用现在完成时 【拓展】 ever since的用法与since类似，可以作副词、介词和连词。 ever since构成的短语或引导的从句作时间状语时，句子或主句通常用完成时态。 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语还有so far, up to now, until/till now, by now, “for＋时间段”等。 【经典练】 ①He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing his essay there ever since.他早饭后去了图书馆，从那时起就一直在那里写文章。 ②I haven't heard from him ever since he graduated last year.自去年他毕业以后，我就没有收到过他的信。 考点11. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.当“挑战者”号航天飞机于1986年1月28日起飞时，全世界似乎对宇航员所取得的惊人成就已不再感到惊奇。 句式分析：不定式的完成式 to have done sth.表示不定式所发生的动作在主句谓语动词所发生的动作之前。 【拓展】 (1)不定式的一般式为to do，表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或者动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之后； (2)不定式的进行式to be doing，表示动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，并且动作正在进行。 【经典练】 ①The young man seemed to have changed much.这个年轻人似乎变化很大。 ②To learn more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take(take) Chinese folk music as an elective course. 为了更深入地了解中国文化，杰克决定将学习中国民间音乐作为一门选修课程。 ③The boy pretend to be sleeping when his mother entered his room. 当他的母亲走进他的房间时，这个男孩假装在睡觉。 【好句背默】完成句子 ④罗斯比赛之前一点儿也不紧张，她好像对此做好了充分的准备。 Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed to have prepared for it pretty well. 考点12. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue... 但是毫无疑问,载人飞行将继续下去…… 句式分析：There is/was never any/no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”,其中doubt是名词,that引导的是同位语 从句,表示doubt的具体内容。当主句为肯定句时用whether 引导同位语从句。 【拓展】 doubt作名词后接同位语从句,或作动词后接宾语从句时,要注意: ①当主句为肯定句时,用whether引导同位语从句(不可用if引导同位语从句),用whether或if引导宾语从句,表示“不信任,不相信,怀疑”。常用句型为:I doubt whether/if...。 ②当主句为否定句或疑问句时,用that引导同位语从句或宾语从句,表示“相信,不怀疑”。常用句型为:I don’t doubt that...。 【经典练】 ①He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try. 他不能肯定他们是否会再给他一次机会试一试。 ②To be honest, I doubt whether/if I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 说实话,我怀疑我到底是否会对这些男孩的生活产生任何影响。 ③I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。 ④There is no doubt that humankind is drawn to Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. 毫无疑问人类对火星感兴趣,梦想着使它成为我们的第二家园。 【好句背默】 ⑤It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day. 对它们来说,天气还是有点太冷而不能去户外,但我毫不怀疑天气一暖和起来,小家伙就会每天都出去到处探索和玩耍。 考点13. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.例如在中国三星堆考古遗址发掘的神秘的古蜀国巨目铜像,古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。 句式分析：“...be believed to do”句型，意为“人们相信/认为……;据信……”,该句型也可以表达为 “it is believed that…   ”,其中it 为形式主语, that 引导主语从句。 【拓展】 有类似用法的动词还有consider、declare、expect、report、say、predict、suppose、think等。 【经典练】 ①Graffiti in its modern form is believed to have first become popular in the United States in the 1960s. =It is believed that graffiti in its modern form has first become popular in the United States in the 1960s. 人们认为现代形式的涂鸦最早于20世纪60年代在美国流行起来。 ②Around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are thought to be currently floating in the ocean.=It’s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in the ocean. 据认为,目前大约有五万亿个塑料碎片漂浮在海洋中。 考点14. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行和乘飞机旅行一样安全。 句式分析：no＋比较级．..＋than “同……一样不……” 【拓展】 no more than 仅仅，不过 not more than 不超过，不多于 not more...than... 不如…… more...than... 比……更……；与其说……倒不如说…… more than 不仅仅，非常，多于 【经典练】 ①This TV play is no more interesting than that one.这部电视剧和那部电视剧一样都不令人感兴趣。 ②It is no more than ten minutes' walk from the station. 从车站出发步行大约只需十分钟。 ③I think she's more shy than unfriendly.我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。 ④The beauty of the mountainous village is more than I can describe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。 ⑤This dictionary is more(much) than a dictionary; it's like a grammar book. 这本词典不仅仅是一本词典；它简直就是一本语法书。 1． 语法精讲——复习情态动词 1．I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young. 2．May I come in? 3．It can be quite cold here at night. 4．It may/might rain this afternoon. 5．Will you mind opening the window for me? 6．He would go to the park whenever he was free. 7．When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 8．If the train is on time, she should/ought to arrive in Beijing by seven o'clock. 9．You mustn't stop your car in the busy street. 10．You don't have to finish the work now. 11．Need I finish the work today? 12．He dared not do it. [共性呈现] 1．画线部分均为情态动词，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。 2．所有情态动词都要和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。 常用的情态动词有can、could、be able to、may、might、must、have to、need、dare、 shall、should、ought to、will、would、used to等。情态动词(除have to、be able to外)通常无人称和数的变化,不能单独使用,需与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语动词。 一、can, could的用法 1. 表示能力，意为 “能、会”。 can、could都可以表示能力,意为“能,会”。 can   表示现在的能力; could 表示过去的能力; This hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个大厅至少能容纳500人。 At that time the little girl could not speak. 那时这个小女孩还不会说话。 温馨提示 be able to多指具体的能力,表示“能够并确实做到”,相当于manage to,而且重点往往在于“成功地实现”。be able to有人称和数的变化,时态形式比can更多样,还可以用在may、might、should等情态动词和want、need等动词后。 By the time he graduated from college, he had been able to speak three foreign languages. 到大学毕业时,他已经能够说三种外语了。 2. can/could可以表推测。 can用于肯定句时，表示理论上的可能性，即从理论上去考虑其可能性，至于实际情况如何，则不予考虑，而且没有具体的时间意义。其否定式can't是语气最强的否定推测，翻译为“不可能，一定不”。can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could只表示可能性比can小，不表示时态。can比could语气强。 Exercising alone can be boring. 独自一个人锻炼可能会很无聊。 Vitamins cannot be manufactured by our bodies. 人体不能生成维生素。 What can he possibly mean？他会是什么意思呢？ 3. can  可表示客观可能性,意为“有时会”。 Peter can be difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. 虽然总的来说,彼得是个好人,可他有时可能会不好相处。 4. can、could可表示请求和建议,回答时用can。could比can语气更委婉。 —Can/Could I use your computer for a moment?我可以用一会儿你的电脑吗? —Yes, you can.可以。 5. can、could可表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等态度,常用于否定句和疑问句。 —Can/Could this be true? 这可能是真的吗? —This can’t/couldn’t be true./This could be true.这不可能是真的。/这可能是真的。 【经典练】 1.Getting up suddenly______ lead to the rapid heart rate and high blood pressure. 2.From the moment he ______ read, he was never without a book in his hands. 3.—Is Jenny knocking at the door? —No. It______ be Jenny. She is in France now. 4.Not only ______ he play the piano, but he also plays the violin very well. 【答案】1. can   2. could  3. can ’t   4. can    二、may, might的用法 1.表示请求或许可。 might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答用may/might;否定回答用must’t ,表示禁止,意为“不可以”。 —May/Might I watch TV after supper, Mum? 妈妈,晚饭后我可以看电视吗? —Yes, you may/might./No, you mustn’t. 可以。/不行,不准看。 2. 表示推测 may和might表推测既可以用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中。用于肯定句中译为“可能”，否定式为may not/might not，译为“可能不”。might的可能性比may更小、更委婉一些。may和might后可接副词well加强语气，意为“很可能”。 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。 If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. 如果我继续走下去，我可能看不到回去的路了。 He may/might well find that the course is too difficult. 他很可能觉得这门课太难了。 3. may可表示祝愿,用于祈使句中,常用结构为“May+主语+动词原形!” May you succeed! 祝你成功! 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. People are not allowed to play with fire in the forest. It ______cause danger. 2. you pass the College Entrance Examination! 3. Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. 【答案】1.might 2. May 3. may/might 三、must, have to的用法 1.must、have to表示义务,意为“必须”。在回答must引出的问句时,肯定回答用must,否定的回答一般不能用mustn’t (禁止,不准),而要用needn’t或don ’t have to (不必)。 —Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我们今天必须交练习本吗? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t/don’t have to.是的,你们必须交。/不,你们不需要。 2.must表推测时只用于肯定句，经常翻译成“一定”或“肯定”，所作出的推测几乎接近于事实，语气最肯定。 He has been working all day. He must be very tired. 他一整天一直在工作。他肯定非常累。 3. must表示“必须”时是说话人的主观  看法,而have to则强调客观  需要,意为 “不得不”。 I had to work when I was your age. 我在你这个年纪时,必须工作。 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 你母亲现在肯定在等你。 4. must还可以表示“硬要,偏要,非要”。 Must you spoil everything? 你一定要破坏一切吗? 【经典练】单句语法填空 1. 法律禁止人们酒后驾车。 The law states that people after drinking alcohol. 2. 我今天没必要去工作。 I don’t today. 3. 作为高中生，我不得不更努力地学习。 I will as a senior high school student. 【答案】1. mustn’t drive 2. have to go to work 3. have to study harder 四、shall, should, ought to 的用法 1. shall 的用法 (1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见; What shall we do this evening? 今晚我们要做什么? (2)也可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等。 You shall fail if you don’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作你就会失败。 (3)shall 用于正式文件、法律法令、规章制度、条约、规定等,意为“必须”。 No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. 任何人不得在这一区域吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。 2. should/ought to的用法 (1)should/ought to表示责任、义务、建议等,意为“应该”,ought to比should语气重。 (2)should/ought to表示推测,指合乎理想的情况,意为“按说应该”。注意与must区分。 He ought to/should be home by now. 他现在应该在家了。(不太肯定) He must be home now. 他现在肯定在家。(断定他在家) (3)should常与what、how、why等词连用,表示出乎意料、惊讶的语气,意为“竟然 ”。 I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我不知道为什么你竟然认为这件事是我做的。 【经典练】单句语法填空 1.The park rules state that no child ______ be allowed to play on the slide without the company of an adult. 2.I still find it hard to imagine that such a clever child _______ make such a foolish mistake. 3.Under no circumstances ________ we allow drugs to become uncontrolled in our district. 【答案】1. shall 2. should 3. should 五、will和would的用法 (1)will的用法 ①表示主语的意志或决心，意为“会，想，要”。 She won't give in to the enemy.她不愿向敌人屈服。 ②表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句。 Will you tell me how to get to the shopping mall? 你能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗？ (2)would的用法 ①作为will的过去式，用于过去时中，表示主观愿望或意志，意为“愿意，执意”。 I urged him to do it，but he wouldn't hear of it. 我催促他做那件事，但他不愿意。 ②用于第二人称，表示谦恭的请求或征求意见，比will更为婉转。 Would you explain this to me？你可以给我讲一下这个吗？ ③表示过去经常发生的动作，后接动词原形，意为“总是，总会”。 On Sundays, he would come to see his aging parents. 在星期天的时候，他总是来看望他年迈的父母。 【经典练】完成句子 1．当他年轻的时候，他每天早上都爬那座小山。 When he was young, he every morning. 2．他住在乡下时总是起得很早。 He when he lived in the country. 3．请你给我打开窗户好吗？ you mind opening the window for me? 4．——告诉我你的秘密。——我不会。如果我告诉你，那就不是秘密了。 —Tell me your secret. — . It wouldn’t be a secret if I told you. 【答案】1. would climb the small hill 2. would get up early 3. Would 4. I won’t 六、used to的用法 used to表示“过去常常”,没有人称和数的变化，仅用于过去时中，通常指所表示的过去的习惯现在已经没有了。 He used to be late, but now he is the first one to arrive at school every day. 他过去常常迟到,但现在他每天都是第一个到校。 温馨提示：would比used to的区别 would比used to正式,would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作，没有与现在对比的含义；used to 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在已经不再这样了。 七、need, dare的用法 (1)need作情态动词时意为“需要”,无时态、人称变化;dare作情态动词时意为“敢”,无人 称变化,但有过去式dared。二者多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 (2)以情态动词need开头的疑问句,肯定回答常用must ,否定回答常用needn ’ t。 You needn’t try to explain. 你不必试图解释。 I dared not touch the flower for its tenderness. 那朵花太娇嫩了,我不敢碰它。 Dare you tell him the news? 你敢告诉他这个消息吗? —Need you go yet? 你有必要现在去吗? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t. 是的,我必须现在去。/不,我不必现在去。 (3)need和dare用作实义动词时，有词形变化，变成否定句、疑问句时，需要加助动词。 You don't need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这件事。 We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 【经典练】完成句子 1.我喜欢周末，因为不必早起。 I love the weekend, because . 2.需要我马上把孩子们召集在一起吗？ together at once? 3.我知道你不敢独自一人去冬泳。 I understand you alone. 4. 她敢晚上一个人走回家吗？ home alone at night? home alone at night? 【答案】1. I needn’t/don’t need to get up early 2. Need I gather the children 3. dare not go winter swimming 4. Does she dare to walk/ Dare she walk 八、情态动词+have done 有些情态动词后可跟完成式。 1.can、could、may、might、must后接完成式可表示对过去情况的推测。 (1)can/could have done常用于疑问句中表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定,could的语气较弱。 (2)may/might have done用于对已经发生过的情况进行不确定的推测,might的语气稍弱,通常不用于疑问句中。注意might have done还可表示对现在以及将来某一时间之前情况的推测。 (3)must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测,语气较强,意思是“一定,肯定”,其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done,意为“不可能”。 He might have gone to work when you arrive. 当你到达时他可能已经去工作了。(推测) I have lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere. 我丢了一只手套。我一定是把它掉在什么地方了。(推测) He can’t have gone abroad; I saw him ten minutes ago. 他不可能出国了,我十分钟之前看见他了。(推测) I couldn’t have been more than six years old when the accident happened. 事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。(推测) They can/could/may/might have known it beforehand. 他们之前可能已经知道这件事了。(推测) 2.could、might、should、ought to、needn’t、would后接完成式可表示与过去事实相反。 (1)could have done可表示“过去本来可以做而实际未能做某事”。 (2)might have done可表示“过去可能发生但实际没有发生某事”。 (3)should/ought to have done可表示“过去本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”,含有责备的意思;ought to的语气比should强烈。 (4)needn’t have done可表示“过去本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。 (5)would have done可表示“过去本要发生但未发生某事”。 (6)在虚拟条件句中,从句用过去完成时,主句用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式,即 would/could/should/might have done,可表示与过去事实相反的情况。 It’s too late. You could have told him earlier. 太晚了,你本可以早点告诉他的。(与过去事实相反) Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. 怀特先生本应该八点半来开会的,但他没有露面。(与过去事实相反) As you worked late yesterday, you needn’t have come this morning. 由于你昨天工作到很晚,今天早上你本不必来的。(与过去事实相反) I would have called you, but there wasn’t time. 我本来要给你打电话的,但没有时间。(与过去事实相反) If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. 如果他努力学习了,他就会通过这次考试了。(虚拟条件句) 【经典练】完成句子 1.The boy (可能已经知道了事实)，but I am not quite sure. 2.Go and ask him about it.He (不可能忘了)it. 3.Don't worry.Your father (也许伤得不严重)． 4.She's not here.She (准是走了)． 5.We (本来可以面对) the difficulty together，but you didn't tell me. 6.You (本来不必工作)that late last night.The deadline is tomorrow afternoon. 7.You (本应该来) to the conference yesterday. 8.The pills (也许可以对他有帮助) but he didn't take them regularly. 【答案】 1.may have known the truth 2.can't/cannot have forgotten 3.may not have been hurt seriously 4.must have left already 5.could have faced 6.needn't have worked 7.should have come 8.might have helped him 九、情态动词的一些习惯用法 (1)cannot/can never...too 或 cannot...enough 表示“无论怎么……也不过分；越……越好”。 You cannot be too careful. 你越细心越好 (2)cannot help doing.../cannot help but do /cannot but do...表示“禁不仕 I couldn't help jumping up when I saw him. 看到他我就情不自禁地跳了起来。 I cannot but admire his bravery. 我不得不佩服他的勇敢。 (3)“may/might as well+动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨”，相当于had better It is very late,so you may/might as well go to bed. 夜深了，你不妨去睡吧。 【经典练】 1.When reading The Road Not Taken, one cannot help but ________（see） in one’s mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. 2.We as well take the subway to get there since the traffic is so bad.(用正确的情态动词填空) 【答案】1. see 2. may/might 二．写作精讲——活动类日记 一、写作分析 在写活动类日记时，可以从活动主题、活动过程及感受等方面进行叙述。可按时间变化、地，点转换或事件发展为线索组织行文。 2、 篇章结构 第一段：介绍活动主题； 第二段：介绍活动过程； 第三段：表达个人体验感受。 3、 语言特点 语言生动活泼：使用情感形容词、评价性动词， 句式多样：简单句、复合句和感叹句 1、 常用词汇 1.介绍活动主题： in order to; encourage; stimulate; enthusiasm; scientific; space; experience... 2.介绍活动过程： excited; nervous, amazing; cosmic; awesome; surprised; enter; imagine; launch; flight; witness; suspend; feel like; get used to; experience; capsule; instruction; step; achievement; decade; astronaut; exploration; space shuttle; telescope... 3.体验感受： success; meaningful; science; research； enrich; understanding; devote to; make contributions to; turn out; come true... 二、常用句式 1.To help us students learn more about...,our school organised a visit to... 2.During the visit, we got the experience of.. 3.Then,we visited an exhibition which...and all of us felt. 4.When we really experienced...,we all felt excited and we couldn't help.. 5.Sitting in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to... 6.We had never known that life in space was so.. and we further realised that... 7.Getting out of the capsule, we still felt that..., which made us... 8.The experience helps arouse our enthusiasm for learning science and. 假定你是李华，你校组织学生参加了模拟太空飞船体验活动。请用英语写一篇日记， 内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.体验过程； 3.你的感受。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 日记 时态 一般过去时 主题 体验日记 人称 第一人称 布局 首段：介绍活动目的。 中段：介绍体验过程。 尾段：谈谈自己的感受。 第二步　要点翻译 1.为了帮助我们学生更多地了解太空，并激发我们学习科学的热情，我们学校今天上午在市太空博物馆组织了一场太空飞船的模拟体验活动。 To help us students learn more about space and ______________ for studying science, our school organized a simulated experience of spaceship in our city space museum this morning. 2. 事实证明这项活动非常有意义。 It ________ that this activity was very meaningful. 【答案】1.arouse our enthusiasm 2. turned out 第三步　词句升级 1.用定语从句合并句子 In the beginning,we visited the city space museum. In the space museum we learned about some human achievements in space exploration. →In the beginning, we visited the city space museum _______ we learned about some human achievements in space exploration. 2. 用现在分词短语作伴随状语 We sat in the capsure and imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space. →_____ in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space. 【答案】1.where 2. Sitting 第四步　连句成篇 Friday April 1,2022 To help us students learn more about space and arouse our enthusiasm for studying science, our school organized a simulated experience of spaceship in our city space museum this morning. It turned out that this activity was very meaningful. In the beginning, we visited the city space museum where we learned about some human achievements in space exploration.Then we started to experience the life in the capsule with a group of four students each time. Sitting in the capsule, we imagined how amazing it would be to actually walk in space.How time flew, and after visiting for three hours, we returned to our school. We all thought the experience was so valuable and that we should study hard to make contributions to our country in the future. 一、短 语 1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 2．make a getaway逃跑，逃走 3．run for one’s life 逃命 4．check out调查，检查 5．test the waters试水，试探 6．the unknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 7．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 8．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去 9．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．shrink from避免做，不愿做 11．look into调查(问题) 12．correspond to与……相符/一致 13．apply...to...把……应用于…… 14．on top of除此之外 15．at something’s peak达到顶峰 16．offer a window into提供了解……的一扇窗 17．beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外 18．steer clear of避开……；从……处脱身 二、词性转变 1.expansion n．扩大；增加expand v．扩张，(使)膨胀；发展 2．investigation n．调查investigate v．调查 3.archaeological adv.考古学的；考古的archaeology n．考古学archaeologist n．考古学家 4．drilling n．钻探；勘探drill v．钻孔；训练 5．civilise v．文明化；教化civilisation n．文明civilised adj.文明的 6．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地 7．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的 8．abandon v．离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n．离弃；遗弃 9. astronomy n．天文学astronaut n．宇航员 10. notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的note v．注意 三、句 子 1. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets,their hearts in their mouths, aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was,and of the many things that could go wrong.数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都跳到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。 2. Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. 激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败。 3. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts.这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 4. There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming.有位普通教师在“挑战者”号上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意，步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。“挑战者”号在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。 5. To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。 6. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel.自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太空旅行这个概念。 7. Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public, as innovations succeeded each other.登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。 8. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem.他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 9. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 10. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 11. The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. （情态动词would表推测）全世界都震惊了!大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加危险。 1. The cosmos is within us. We are made of star-stuff. —Carl Sagan 宇宙存于我们体内。我们皆为星辰之子。——卡尔·萨根 2. Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. ——Carl Sagan 探索是我们的天性。我们生为流浪者，至今仍是。——卡尔·萨根 3. Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder about what makes the universe exist. ——Stephen Hawking 仰望星空，而非俯视双脚。尝试理解所见之物，思索宇宙存在的意义。——斯蒂芬·霍金 4. The universe is under no obligation to make sense to you. ——Neil deGrasse Tyson 宇宙没有义务让你理解它。——奈尔·德葛拉司·泰森 4 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$