精品解析：江苏省南京市秦淮科技高中2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟试题

2024-2025学年江苏省南京市秦淮科技高中 高二下学期英语期末模拟试卷 全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it's quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 1. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. Deep Time. B. Thing Explainer. C. Ask an Astronaut. D. A Short History of Nearly Everything. 2. What's a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It lacks technical terms. C. It is written in plain language. D. It fails to include clear images. 3. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A They feature vivid illustrations. B. They combine science and history. C. They entertain readers of all ages. D. They explain concepts in great detail. B When the first season of Downton Abbey aired in the U.S. my wife Carol and I were totally absorbed. Carol, who writes under the name, Carol Wallace, had always been fascinated by English history, especially the period when American wealthy women married into the British nobility (贵族). She co-authored To Marry an English Lord in 1989, a book about this topic, but it was long out of print. Downton Abbey seemed to reflect many themes from her book, even featuring an American character married to the British lordly owner of the house. As the second season aired in Britain in fall 2011, the New York Times ran a piece suggesting books for Downton Abbey fans. Sadly, Carol’s book wasn’t included. “I wish you could talk to Julian Fellowes, the writer for the series,” I said. “He’d love your book.” “But how could we ever reach him?” Carol replied. Later that afternoon, while walking down Thirty-Fourth Street in New York, I ran into an old friend. She introduced me to a friend who, to my surprise, knew how to contact Julian Fellowes. Thanks to her involvement in a British historical society, she had his contact details and shared them with me. Carol emailed Fellowes that evening, unsure if he’d even see it. The next day, she heard directly from him. He was a big fan of her book, and, in fact, it had informed the series. Fellowes offered to write to the New York Times, which published his letter to the editor almost immediately. “In your article about books that might please fans of Downton Abbey,” Fellowes wrote, “I was sorry that one title was missing: To Marry an English Lord…” Carol thanked him and asked if he’d write a promotional description for the book, which she hoped may inspire a reprint. Of course, by all means, Fellowes agreed. When the book was republished, it was labeled “an inspiration for the popular television series Downton Abbey”. Thanks to this, the book sold more copies than before — all because of an unexpected chain of events that only angels could have seen coming. 4. What can we learn about Carol from Paragraph 1? A. She was a fan of Downton Abbey. B. She was fascinated by American history. C. She wrote several novels about British nobility. D. She volunteered as a consultant for a TV show. 5. How did Carol manage to contact Julian Fellowes? A. By attending a historical event. B. By running into him in the street. C. By calling a society he was involved in. D. By asking someone for his contact information. 6. How was Carol’s book linked to Downton Abbey? A. It was inspired by the series. B. It played a role in shaping the series. C. Both were praised by the same editor. D. Both were written from the same point of view. 7. What was the result of the book’s reprint? A. It brought about a movie adaptation. B. It witnessed increased sales of the book. C. It boosted the author’s confidence. D. It inspired the creation of similar books. C In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people’s desire to cooperate with one another, reputations are defined as either good or bad, based on limited information. These models have typically assumed that a single action determines someone’s reputation. There is a lot of information available about people’s behavior in today’s world, especially with social media. A research by biology professor Jeshua Plotkin’s team showed that looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation. Plotkin says that this method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. “Information turned out to be a doubles edged sword, so that even, when information was freely accessible, individuals were typically unable to use all of it,” he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in human societies. The researchers see potential for anthropologists (人类学家) and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 8. How does Plotkin’s method of judging behavior-A differ from prior models? A. It relies mainly on social media. B. It emphasizes public reputation. C. It requires less personal information. D. It takes into account more behaviors. 9. What can be inferred about the “look twice” method? A. It broadens the definition of reputation. B. It develops alternative ways to cooperate. C. It encourages concentration on good behaviors. D. It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 10. What does the underlined word “consensus” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Agreement. B. Resources. C. Motivation. D. Benefits. 11. What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the “look twice” strategy? A. Its effectiveness. B. Its application. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its influence. D Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent my career researching one special part of the universe called cosmic voids: the vast expanses of nothing that stretch between the galaxies. Most of our universe is void — somewhere around 80 percent of the volume of the cosmos is made of nothing at all. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us about the wider universe and its dowry. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of negative spaces, proclaiming, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 12. What does the underlined word “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Hope. B. Admiration. C. Emptiness. D. Purpose. 13. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. Because he is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and short-lived. C. Because he thinks human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Because he thinks Earth is the only place for human experiences. 14. What's the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A To reflect on how voids enrich our lives. B. To show how pain can be created from loss. C. To claim that voids serve as obstacles to human growth. D. To argue emotional voids should be filled for more significance. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Listening to the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited B. Questioning the Belief in Human Significance C. Beyond the Stars: The Science of Cosmic Voids D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? ____16____ It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one's life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. ____17____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. ____18____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. ____19____ Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____20____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A. At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B. This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C. Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good D. The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E. News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F. The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G. That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old son and I could do some yard work, just the two of us. It was sure to be ___21___. But soon, the clouds of mosquitos seemed ___22___ to our bug spray (喷雾). I was sweating, itchy, and arguing with my son about how to pull weeds. I had told him the “right” way — getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots, ___23___ them entirely. However, my son went about things in his own way. He pulled the ___24___ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil. Somehow, I found this to be incredibly ___25___. Why couldn’t he do it in my way and save me the time of having to ___26___ his portion (部分)? Why did he do it at all if he wasn’t going to do it properly? “If you do as told, we’d be done earlier and ___27___ a longer period before we would have to return and pull weeds next time,” I said, trying to keep my tone ___28___. He went back to his work, shaking dirt from his handful of growing things and throwing ___29___ stems into our shared basket. “People do things ____30____, Mom,” he said innocently. My fire soon faded, replaced by the ____31____ realization that I’d just received a valuable____32____ from the person that I was supposed to be teaching. While trying to ____33____ my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, _____34_____ was a lifeline for me. But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all. His time shouldn’t be ____35____. His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able. 21. A. relaxing B. disturbing C. urgent D. tough 22. A. sensitive B. resistant C. harmful D. addicted 23. A. removing B. packing C. covering D. preserving 24. A. roots B. fibres C. tops D. points 25. A. amazing B. boring C. annoying D. confusing 26 A. recycle B. redo C. identify D. ignore 27. A. clarified B. launched C. repeated D. promised 28. A. nervous B. mysterious C. light D. loud 29. A. long B. broken C. dry D. useful 30. A. differently B. separately C. hurriedly D. honestly 31. A. satisfying B. corresponding C. depressing D. humbling 32. A. behavior B. warning C. reminder D. review 33. A. raise B. land C. teach D. balance 34. A. efficiency B. concentration C. discipline D. quality 35. A. run out of B. set limits to C. made up for D. kept pace with 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Young people at the East Wind Foundation in Los Angeles’ Chinatown spend their after-school hours practicing the traditional folk art of lion dancing, an ancient art ____36____ (date) back to the Han Dynasty. It is not only a performance for these youths ____37____ a way for them to connect with the tradition and build a sense of belonging within the community in this ____38____ (dynamic) changing world. Lion dance is a demanding art form, requiring ____39____ (strong) and cooperation. Each evening, ____40____ (practice) begin with body-building exercises and martial arts training ____41____ (prepare) for the complex movements of lion dance. Through this disciplined routine, participants master the traditional techniques and develop toughness and teamwork ____42____ help build a foundation for personal growth. East Wind also teaches the cultural significance behind the art form. The annual blessing ceremony, where new lion heads are welcomed, ____43____ (offer) youths a chance to learn how to honor their ancestors. Elders guide them in traditions like dotting (点缀) a lion’s eyes with ink, awakening the lions to life in a ____44____ (symbol) way. Beyond ceremonies, East Wind builds community connections by organizing field trips in nature. These experiences allow youths from different families to explore and bond with their peers. They build lasting friendships while enjoying a meaningful interaction _____45_____ nature. 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 邀请并告知时间地点； 2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A couple of months before I started high school, my parents gave me the greatest gift any teenage boy would ask for: a cell phone. I lived on that phone all summer. I always texted my friends, even at night. And I paid no attention to the people and things around myself. Being connected to the Internet was more important than being present. So, you can imagine my displeasure when the time came for our family vacation that year. It was not the Disneyland trip or beach vacation that I had been hoping for. “This year,” my dad said, “we’ll be doing something special, something I used to do with my dad when I was a kid. We’re going camping in the forest!” His excitement was met with a disappointed sigh, which was my communication style at that age. But he had made the decision and would not change his mind. I comforted myself by telling myself that it was still a vacation. I remained uninfluenced while they were busy preparing for the vacation. My mind was on my phone, the texts flying back and forth. I focused on the screen in my hands so much that the first time I looked up was when we drove across a bridge on the trip to our campsite. I looked out of the window and saw a fast-moving river. The air blowing into the car from the open windows was hot and smelled of trees. But that didn’t matter to me. The reason why I had looked up was something far more serious and annoying. My phone no longer had service. The signal was weak. During the last hour of the drive, there was no signal at all. 注意： 续写词数应为 150 左右； 请按如下格式作答。 When we finally arrived at the campsite, I stepped out of the car with a long face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning I was woken up by soft rays of the sun. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年江苏省南京市秦淮科技高中 高二下学期英语期末模拟试卷 全卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）（略） 第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳选项。 A The best science books inspire a sense of wonder and make you amazed at the incredible world we live in. Here are four of them to feed your imagination. A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson How did it all begin? And how did we get here? Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. Bill Bryson takes the reader on an impressive journey through the greatest scientific discoveries in history. It explains scientific topics in a vivid way, but it's quite a long read. Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe How do helicopters work? Or cells? Randall Munroe explains how things work using illustrations and only the most common 1,000 words in English. It will shift your approach to explanation. So, next time explain how something works rather than merely call it by its name. However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience. Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake What does it feel like to fly into space? How do you prepare for it? Astronaut Tim Peake answers all the questions you never knew about going into space. The book gives insights into the cutting-edge science, as well as the day-to-day life on board of the International Space Station. Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. Deep Time by Riley Black Want to know the story of our planet? Riley Black takes us on a journey, in the order of time, through the geological (地质的) events that have shaped our planet. The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. Yet, measuring the size of some objects on the photos is difficult due to the lack of a scale bar (比例尺). 1. Which book is organized in the format of question and answer? A. Deep Time. B. Thing Explainer. C. Ask an Astronaut. D. A Short History of Nearly Everything. 2. What's a shortcoming of Thing Explainer? A. It is rather too long. B. It lacks technical terms. C. It is written in plain language. D. It fails to include clear images. 3. What do A Short History of Nearly Everything and Deep Time have in common? A. They feature vivid illustrations. B. They combine science and history. C. They entertain readers of all ages. D. They explain concepts in great detail. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四本与科学相关书籍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题“Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake (Tim Peake所著的《我问宇航员》)”下设段落的最后一句“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers, but it can become less appealing due to the lack of descriptive language. (它的问答格式使快速找到答案变得容易，但由于缺乏描述性语言，它可能会变得不那么吸引人。)”可知，《我问宇航员》以问答形式展开。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二个小标题“Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe (Randall Munroe所著的《事物解释者》)”下设段落的最后一句“However, additionally providing more technical terms might have enhanced the understanding and learning experience.(然而，额外提供更多技术术语可能会增强理解和学习体验。)”可知，《事物解释者》这本书没有提供足够多的技术术语，故其缺陷是缺少技术术语。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个小标题“Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson (Bill Bryson所著的《几乎所有事物的简史》)”下设段落的第三句“Combining history and science, the book offers a comprehensive yet entertaining answer to these questions. (这本书结合了历史和科学，为这些问题提供了一个全面而有趣的答案。)”以及第四个小标题“Deep Time by Riley Black (Riley Black所著的《深度时间》)”下设段落的第三、四句“The fascinating high-quality images are supported by easily digestible explanations of key historical moments. It also expands on key concepts in geology, astronomy and biology. (关键历史时刻易于理解的解释支撑着这些引人入胜的高质量图像。它还扩展了地质学、天文学和生物学中的关键概念。)”可知，这两本书都结合了科学和历史。故选B项。 B When the first season of Downton Abbey aired in the U.S., my wife Carol and I were totally absorbed. Carol, who writes under the name, Carol Wallace, had always been fascinated by English history, especially the period when American wealthy women married into the British nobility (贵族). She co-authored To Marry an English Lord in 1989, a book about this topic, but it was long out of print. Downton Abbey seemed to reflect many themes from her book, even featuring an American character married to the British lordly owner of the house. As the second season aired in Britain in fall 2011, the New York Times ran a piece suggesting books for Downton Abbey fans. Sadly, Carol’s book wasn’t included. “I wish you could talk to Julian Fellowes, the writer for the series,” I said. “He’d love your book.” “But how could we ever reach him?” Carol replied. Later that afternoon, while walking down Thirty-Fourth Street in New York, I ran into an old friend. She introduced me to a friend who, to my surprise, knew how to contact Julian Fellowes. Thanks to her involvement in a British historical society, she had his contact details and shared them with me. Carol emailed Fellowes that evening, unsure if he’d even see it. The next day, she heard directly from him. He was a big fan of her book, and, in fact, it had informed the series. Fellowes offered to write to the New York Times, which published his letter to the editor almost immediately. “In your article about books that might please fans of Downton Abbey,” Fellowes wrote, “I was sorry that one title was missing: To Marry an English Lord…” Carol thanked him and asked if he’d write a promotional description for the book, which she hoped may inspire a reprint. Of course, by all means, Fellowes agreed. When the book was republished, it was labeled “an inspiration for the popular television series Downton Abbey”. Thanks to this, the book sold more copies than before — all because of an unexpected chain of events that only angels could have seen coming. 4. What can we learn about Carol from Paragraph 1? A. She was a fan of Downton Abbey. B. She was fascinated by American history. C. She wrote several novels about British nobility. D. She volunteered as a consultant for a TV show. 5. How did Carol manage to contact Julian Fellowes? A. By attending a historical event. B. By running into him in the street. C. By calling a society he was involved in. D. By asking someone for his contact information. 6. How was Carol’s book linked to Downton Abbey? A. It was inspired by the series. B. It played a role in shaping the series. C. Both were praised by the same editor. D. Both were written from the same point of view. 7. What was the result of the book’s reprint? A. It brought about a movie adaptation. B. It witnessed increased sales of the book. C. It boosted the author’s confidence. D. It inspired the creation of similar books. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Carol所写的书To Marry an English Lord与英剧《唐顿庄园》的关联，Carol偶然联系这部剧的编剧Julian Fellowes，她的书因此再版并畅销。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When the first season of Downton Abbey aired in the U.S., my wife Carol and I were totally absorbed.(当《唐顿庄园》第一季在美国播出时，我和妻子Carol完全被吸引住了)”可知，Carol是《唐顿庄园》的忠实粉丝，故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Later that afternoon, while walking down Thirty-Fourth Street in New York, I ran into an old friend. She introduced me to a friend who, to my surprise, knew how to contact Julian Fellowes. Thanks to her involvement in a British historical society, she had his contact details and shared them with me.(那天下午晚些时候，当我走在纽约的第34街时，我遇到了一位老朋友。她把我介绍给一个朋友，令我惊讶的是，这个朋友知道如何联系Julian Fellowes。由于她参与了一个英国历史学会，她有他的联系方式，并分享给了我)”可知，Carol偶遇一位旧友，旧友又把Carol介绍给她的朋友，而她的这位朋友刚好有Julian Fellowes的联系方式，Carol通过中间人获取了联系方式，故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Carol emailed Fellowes that evening, unsure if he’d even see it. The next day, she heard directly from him. He was a big fan of her book, and, in fact, it had informed the series. Fellowes offered to write to the New York Times, which published his letter to the editor almost immediately.(那天晚上，Carol给Fellowes发了邮件，不确定他是否看到了。第二天，她直接收到了他的信。他是她的书的忠实粉丝，事实上，这本书为这个系列提供了素材。Fellowes主动提出给《纽约时报》写信，《纽约时报》几乎立即发表了他写给编辑的信)”可知，Julian Fellowes是Carol写的书的忠实粉丝，并且这本书影响了《唐顿庄园》系列的创作，这本书在塑造《唐顿庄园》系列中发挥了作用，故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“When the book was republished, it was labeled ‘an inspiration for the popular television series Downton Abbey’. Thanks to this, the book sold more copies than before — all because of an unexpected chain of events that only angels could have seen coming.(当这本书重新出版时，它被贴上了‘热门电视剧《唐顿庄园》的灵感’的标签。正因为如此，这本书比以前卖得更多——这一切都是因为一连串意想不到的事件，只有天使才能预见到)”可知，这本书再版后，比第一次出版更畅销，故选B。 C In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people’s desire to cooperate with one another, reputations are defined as either good or bad, based on limited information. These models have typically assumed that a single action determines someone’s reputation. There is a lot of information available about people’s behavior in today’s world, especially with social media. A research by biology professor Jeshua Plotkin’s team showed that looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation. Plotkin says that this method maintains cooperation without referring to reputations released by public institutions It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. “Information turned out to be a doubles edged sword, so that even, when information was freely accessible, individuals were typically unable to use all of it,” he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in human societies. The researchers see potential for anthropologists (人类学家) and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 8. How does Plotkin’s method of judging behavior-A differ from prior models? A. It relies mainly on social media. B. It emphasizes public reputation. C. It requires less personal information. D. It takes into account more behaviors. 9. What can be inferred about the “look twice” method? A. It broadens the definition of reputation. B. It develops alternative ways to cooperate. C. It encourages concentration on good behaviors. D. It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 10. What does the underlined word “consensus” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Agreement. B. Resources. C. Motivation. D. Benefits. 11. What is paragraph 5 mainly about concerning the “look twice” strategy? A. Its effectiveness. B. Its application. C. Its disadvantages. D. Its influence. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生物学教授Jeshua Plotkin团队的研究成果。该研究提出了一种新的行为判断方法——“看两次，原谅一次”，即通过观察一个人的多个行为，并原谅其部分不良行为，来决定是否与其合作。研究表明，这种方法在促进合作方面具有显著效果，即使在信息自由获取的情况下，个体通常无法使用所有信息。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“looking at multiple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation, a method they call “look twice, forgive once.” (观察多个行为并原谅一些不良行为是一种足以维持合作的行为判断方法，他们称之为“看两次，原谅一次。”)”可知，Plotkin的方法与之前的模型不同之处在于它考虑了更多的行为。故选D项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“ The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good, then you cooperate with that person, but otherwise you reject them.(这项研究的基本思想是，如果你观察到某人的两次互动，其中至少有一次是你认为好的行为，那么你会与那个人合作，但除此之外，你会拒绝他们。)可知，其规则是 “观察某人的两次互动，若至少一次是你认为的‘好行为’，就与其合作，否则拒绝”。结合选项可知， A（拓宽声誉定义）：原文未提及 “拓宽声誉定义”，之前的模型将声誉定义为 “好 / 坏”，而该方法甚至不依赖 “声誉” 判断（第四段），排除； B（发展合作的替代方式）：第四段提到该方法是 “不依赖公共机构的替代方案”，而非 “合作方式的替代方案”，偷换概念，排除； C（鼓励关注好行为）：该方法的核心是 “只要有一次好行为就合作”，本质是优先关注并认可好行为，符合规则，正确； D（旨在解决社会问题）：原文仅提到该方法 “促进合作”，“社会问题” 范围过大，无依据，排除。故选C项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to different standards of judgment, “look twice, forgive once” still generates sufficient … to promote cooperation. (研究指出，即使社会中不同的人有不同的判断标准，“看两次，原谅一次”仍然能够产生足够的……来促进合作。)”可知划线词上文提到了社会中不同的人有不同的判断标准，划线词下文提到了促进合作，可推理出划线单词“consensus”的意思是“共识”，与A项“Agreement (一致)”含义接近。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the “look twice, forgive once” strategy couldn’t be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting, looking at more than two actions from a person, or forgiving a different proportion of “bad actions”. Perhaps most surprisingly looking more than twice didn’t generate an additional benefit. (Plotkin表示，所有研究人员都感到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策略所取代，例如总是合作或总是拒绝，观察一个人的两个以上的行为，或者原谅不同比例的“不良行为”。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没有带来额外的好处。)”可知本段提到了所有研究人员都感到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策略所取代。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没有带来额外的好处，可推理出第五段主要讲述了“看两次”策略的有效性。故选A项。 D Nietzsche (尼采) was wrong: When you gaze long enough into the abyss (深渊), the abyss does not gaze back into you. Instead, the cosmic void (空洞) remains silent, relentless and frightening in its vastness. When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless. I’m a cosmologist, the kind of scientist who studies the origin, history and evolution of the universe. I have spent my career researching one special part of the universe called cosmic voids: the vast expanses of nothing that stretch between the galaxies. Most of our universe is void — somewhere around 80 percent of the volume of the cosmos is made of nothing at all. I have spent years working to understand what cosmic voids teach us about the wider universe and its dowry. And in the course of my studies, I have learned to reject that temptation. It’s true that Earth is neither large nor long-lived, but that is only one way of measuring significance. Compared with the cosmic voids, there is something special happening on our planet. Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren’t meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe. The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters. Artists have long understood the power of the void. The 12th-century poet Saigyo noted that the pauses between raindrops were as important as the drops themselves. The famed architect Rem celebrated the utility of negative spaces, proclaiming, “Where there is nothing, everything is possible.” The universe won’t do anything for us except give us the freedom to exist. It is our job to fill the universe with meaning and purpose. 12. What does the underlined word “nihilism” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Hope. B. Admiration. C. Emptiness. D. Purpose. 13. Why does the author reject the temptation? A. Because he is a cosmologist who believes science. B. Because he thinks Earth is special as it is small and short-lived. C. Because he thinks human experiences differ from those in voids. D. Because he thinks Earth is the only place for human experiences. 14. What's the author’s purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A To reflect on how voids enrich our lives. B. To show how pain can be created from loss. C. To claim that voids serve as obstacles to human growth. D. To argue emotional voids should be filled for more significance. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Listening to the Abyss: Nietzsche Revisited B. Questioning the Belief in Human Significance C. Beyond the Stars: The Science of Cosmic Voids D. Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从研究宇宙空洞出发，指出地球独特，人类经历有意义，应在宇宙寂静中赋予其意义与目的。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“When looking at the vast universe, there is a temptation (诱惑) to look at our tiny world with nihilism, feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing, that our history fails to leave a mark, and that our concerns and anxieties are pointless.(当我们凝视浩瀚的宇宙时，有一种以nihilism看待我们这个微小世界的诱惑，觉得我们的伟大成就毫无意义，我们的历史未能留下痕迹，我们的担忧和焦虑都是毫无意义的。)”可知，划线词nihilism表达的是一种认为一切都无意义、空虚的态度，与下文“feeling that our great achievements amount to nothing”对应。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Earth is still the only known place in the entire universe where conscious beings raise their curious eyes to the sky and wonder. Earth is the only known place where humans can exist. It is the only known place where laughter, love, anger and joy exist. The only known place where we can find dance, music, and art. Our disagreements and all the beautiful complexities that make us human aren't meaningless. The experiences in our lives are special because they will never happen in the empty expanse of most of the universe.(地球仍然是整个宇宙中已知的唯一一个有意识的生物会带着好奇的目光仰望天空并感到好奇的地方。地球是已知的唯一一个人类可以生存的地方。它是已知的唯一一个有欢笑、爱、愤怒和喜悦存在的地方。是已知的唯一一个我们能找到舞蹈、音乐和艺术的地方。我们的分歧以及所有使我们成为人类的美好复杂性并非毫无意义。我们生活中的经历是特别的，因为它们永远不会发生在宇宙中大部分的空旷区域。)”可知，作者拒绝那种诱惑是因为他认为地球是唯一能产生人类经历的地方，这些经历是特别且有意义的。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The same lessons that cosmic voids teach us are found in the voids we encounter in our own lives. The presence of voids guarantees the opposite; they create contrast; they are full of potential. The pain we feel from loss is the last reminder of the gift of a life deeply loved. The silence before a performance is full of electric expectation. Our choice to ignore stressful news is necessary to allow us to focus on what truly matters.(宇宙空洞教给我们的同样的道理也存在于我们在自己生活中遇到的空洞里。空洞的存在保证了相反的情况；它们创造了对比；它们充满了潜力。我们因失去而感受到的痛苦是对深深热爱的生命这份礼物的最后提醒。表演前的沉默充满了强烈的期待。我们选择忽略有压力的新闻对于让我们专注于真正重要的事情是必要的。)”可知，作者写第五段的目的是反思空洞是如何丰富我们的生活的，它们创造了对比，带来了潜力。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头提到尼采的观点，引出宇宙空洞的话题，接着作者作为宇宙学家阐述了自己对宇宙空洞的研究以及对人类存在意义的思考，认为地球是特别的，人类的经历在宇宙的空洞中是独特且有意义的，还提到生活中的空洞也有其价值，最后强调宇宙给了我们存在的自由，我们要为宇宙赋予意义和目的。所以D选项Finding Meaning in Vast Silence of the Universe(在宇宙的浩瀚寂静中寻找意义)符合文章主旨。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way? ____16____ It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one's life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology. Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster. ____17____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings. ____18____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure? Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse. ____19____ Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____20____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action. A. At first glance, this response does not make much sense. B. This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking. C. Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good D. The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies. E. News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives. F. The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be. G. That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。反事实思维是对假设情况的思考，在生活中常见，虽有时让人难过，但也有益处，能助人明确目标 。 【16题详解】 上文“How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions? Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way?(有多少次你想过，如果年轻时的你做出了不同的决定，事情可能会好得多？或者，当你意识到你的一个幸运选择最终比事情朝着不同方向发展时要好得多，你是否松了一口气？)”提出了两种关于假设不同选择结果的思考。B选项This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.(这种心理上的“假设主义”被称为反事实思维。)对上文提到的这种思考进行了定义，This type of mental “what-ifism”指代上文的两种假设思考，起到了承上的作用，引出下文对反事实思维的进一步阐述。故选B。 【17题详解】 上文“Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.(反事实思维常常在自然灾害发生后在国家电视台上实时展现出来。)”提到反事实思维在自然灾害后的电视上展现，下文“The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned.(受害者通常会受到震动且情绪激动，他们往往失去了所拥有的一切。)”描述了受害者的情况。E选项News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.(新闻记者经常采访那些侥幸逃生的幸存者。)说明了在自然灾害后，新闻记者对幸存者的采访，正是反事实思维在电视上展现的一种方式，interview survivors与下文victims相呼应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选E。 【18题详解】 上文“And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as ‘lucky’ or ‘grateful’ to describe their feelings.(然而，我们经常听到他们用‘幸运’或‘感激’这样的词来描述他们的感受。)”说受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受，下文“If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure?(如果这个人真的幸运，他们难道不应该仍然拥有一所房子，并且免受他们现在必须忍受的所有痛苦吗？)”对这种“幸运”的说法提出质疑。A选项At first glance, this response does not make much sense.(乍一看，这种反应没有多大意义。)中的this response指代上文受害者用“幸运”或者“感激”描述感受这种反应，does not make much sense引出下文对这种反应的质疑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A。 【19题详解】 上文“Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.(一些心理学家认为，反事实思维的好处之一是它可以成为使我们更具复原力的有效工具。反事实思考者的头脑可以很容易地想象出更糟糕的情况。)”提到反事实思维的好处以及能想象更糟的情况。G选项That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.(这为积极的情绪铺平了道路，这些积极情绪可能会帮助他们度过生活中非常黑暗的时期。)中的That指代上文imagine circumstances that would have been even worse，进一步说明了反事实思维能带来积极情绪帮助度过黑暗时期，承接上文阐述反事实思维的好处。故选G。 【20题详解】 上文“Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are.(反事实思维只是我们自身的一部分。)”强调反事实思维是我们的一部分，下文“Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.(许多心理学家认为，它的存在是为了帮助我们明确对我们最重要的目标，并提高我们明智地选择未来行动方案的能力。)”说明反事实思维的积极作用。C选项Even though it, sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.(即使它有时会让我们难过，但它也能对我们有一些好处。)中的Even though it, sometimes makes us sad对应上文反事实思维是我们的一部分（可能带来消极影响），it can also do us some good引出下文反事实思维的积极作用，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。 第三部分：语言应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old son and I could do some yard work just the two of us. It was sure to be ___21___. But soon, the clouds of mosquitos seemed ___22___ to our bug spray (喷雾). I was sweating, itchy, and arguing with my son about how to pull weeds. I had told him the “right” way — getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots, ___23___ them entirely. However, my son went about things in his own way. He pulled the ___24___ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil. Somehow, I found this to be incredibly ___25___. Why couldn’t he do it in my way and save me the time of having to ___26___ his portion (部分)? Why did he do it at all if he wasn’t going to do it properly? “If you do as told, we’d be done earlier and ___27___ a longer period before we would have to return and pull weeds next time,” I said, trying to keep my tone ___28___. He went back to his work, shaking dirt from his handful of growing things and throwing ___29___ stems into our shared basket. “People do things ____30____, Mom,” he said innocently. My fire soon faded, replaced by the ____31____ realization that I’d just received a valuable____32____ from the person that I was supposed to be teaching. While trying to ____33____ my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, _____34_____ was a lifeline for me. But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all. His time shouldn’t be ____35____. His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able. 21. A. relaxing B. disturbing C. urgent D. tough 22. A. sensitive B. resistant C. harmful D. addicted 23. A. removing B. packing C. covering D. preserving 24. A. roots B. fibres C. tops D. points 25. A. amazing B. boring C. annoying D. confusing 26. A. recycle B. redo C. identify D. ignore 27. A. clarified B. launched C. repeated D. promised 28. A. nervous B. mysterious C. light D. loud 29. A. long B. broken C. dry D. useful 30. A. differently B. separately C. hurriedly D. honestly 31. A. satisfying B. corresponding C. depressing D. humbling 32. A. behavior B. warning C. reminder D. review 33. A. raise B. land C. teach D. balance 34. A. efficiency B. concentration C. discipline D. quality 35. A. run out of B. set limits to C. made up for D. kept pace with 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和儿子在院子里除草时的一段经历，儿子的一句提醒使得作者意识到每一个人做事的方式不同，自己的做事方式不一定是最好的。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这肯定会让人放松。A. relaxing令人放松的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. urgent紧急的；D. tough艰难的。根据上文中的“My husband was taking care of our baby girl so that my six-year-old son and I could do some yard work, just the two of us.”可知，丈夫照顾着小女儿，只有六岁的儿子与作者一起在院子了工作，所以作者一开始认为，两人干活是“令人放松的”。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但很快，成群的蚊子似乎对我们的杀虫剂产生了抗药性。A. sensitive敏感的；B. resistant有抵抗力的；C. harmful有害的；D. addicted沉迷的。根据上文中的“But soon, the clouds of mosquitos”可知，蚊子成群出现说明对杀虫剂有抗药性了，所以此处应为“有抵抗力的”符合语境。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉过他“正确”的方法——把那些杂草从底部连根拔起，把它们全部清除。A. removing清除；B. packing收拾；C. covering覆盖；D. preserving保护。根据上文中的“I had told him the “right” way — getting those weeds out from the bottom, by the roots”可知，作者教给儿子把那些杂草从底部连根拔起，由此可知，此处指的是“清除”符合语境。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拔掉了杂草的顶端，沿着一排快速前进，剩下的部分仍然留在土壤里。A. roots根；B. fibres纤维；C. tops顶端；D. points点。根据下文中的“as he left the remaining part still in the soil.”可知，剩下的部分在土壤里，说明只拔掉了草长出来的“顶端”部分。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知何故，我发现这非常令人讨厌。A. amazing惊人的；B. boring无聊的；C. annoying令人讨厌的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据下文中的“Why couldn’t he do it in my way and save me the time of having to ___6___ his portion (部分)?”可知，作者疑问为什么不能按照她的方式去做，由此可推断，作者讨厌这种做法，所以此处应为“令人讨厌的”符合语境。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不能按我的方式来做，这样我就不用重做他的那部分了？A. recycle回收利用；B. redo重做；C. identify识别；D. ignore忽视。根据上文中的“He pulled the ___4___ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil.”可知，儿子没有把草清理干净，所以作者不得不“重做”符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你照我说的做，我们就能早点完工，而且保证在下次我们回来除草之前有更长的一段时间，”我说，尽量让自己的语气轻松一些。A. clarified澄清；B. launched启动；C. repeated重复；D. promised承诺，保证。根据常识和下文中的“a longer period before we would have to return and pull weeds next time”可知，把草连根拔起，这样就可以保证草一段时间长不出来，也就是作者向儿子说明，按照她的做法可以“保证”在下次我们回来除草之前，她们可以有更长的时间。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你照我说做，我们就能早点完工，而且保证在下次我们回来除草之前有更长的一段时间，”我说，尽量让自己的语气轻柔一些。A. nervous紧张的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. light轻柔的；D. loud大声的。根据语境和上文中的“I said, trying to keep my tone”以及上文作者说的话可知，作者为了不伤害儿子的积极性，尽量语气“轻柔”。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他继续干他的活，抖了抖他那一把正在生长的东西上的泥土，把折断的茎扔进我们共用的篮子里。A. long长的；B. broken折断的；C. dry干的；D. useful有用的。根据上文中的“He pulled the ___4___ of the weeds off, moving quickly down the line as he left the remaining part still in the soil.”可知，他拔掉了杂草的顶端，沿着线快速移动，剩下的部分仍然留在土壤里，所以此处指的是他把“折断的”茎扔进共用的篮子里。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“人们做事的方式不同，妈妈。”他无辜地说。A. differently不同地；B. separately单独地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. honestly诚实地。根据下文中的“he said innocently.”以及“But my way was, perhaps, not the best way after all.”可知，儿子很无辜地跟作者说话，作者意识到自己的方式未必是最好的，由此可知，儿子说的是每个人做事的方式是“不同的”符合语境。故选A项。 【31题详解】 查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的怒火很快就消退了，取而代之的是一种谦卑的意识：我刚刚从我应该教的人那里收到了一个有价值的提醒。A. satisfying令人满意的；B. corresponding相应的；C. depressing令人沮丧的；D. humbling谦卑的。根据下文中的“that I’d just received a valuable ___12___ from the person that I was supposed to be teaching.”可知，作者从儿子那里学到了人生道理，所以是“谦卑的”意识到。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的怒火很快就消退了，取而代之的是一种谦卑的意识：我刚刚从我应该教的人那里收到了一个有价值的提醒。A. behavior行为；B. warning警告；C. reminder提醒物；D. review复习。根据上文中的““People do things ___10___ , Mom,” he said innocently.”以及“My fire soon faded, replaced by the ___11___ realization”可知，此处指儿子的话让作者意识到了一件事情，所以此处应为作者收到了一条有价值的“提醒”符合语境。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试图平衡我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子和院子里的工作时，效率对我来说是一条生命线。A. raise筹集；B. land着陆；C. teach教；D. balance平衡。根据下文中的“my baby girl, my kindergartener, and the yard work, ____14____ was a lifeline for me.”可知，这是作者的生命线，所以此处指的是作者试图在女儿，幼儿园和院子里的工作之间保持一种“平衡”符合语境。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我试图平衡我的小女儿、我的幼儿园孩子和院子里的工作时，效率对我来说是一条生命线。A. efficiency效率；B. concentration集中；C. discipline纪律；D. quality质量。根据上文中的“If you do as told, we’d be done earlier and ___7___ a longer period before we would have to return and pull weeds next time”可知，作者认为拔草连根除掉，这样就可以很长时间后再回来除草，由此可知，作者看重的是除草的“效率”符合语境。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他的时间不应该被限制。A. run out of用完；B. set limits to限制；C. made up for弥补；D. kept pace with跟上。根据下文中的“His job was to be a kid and take his time, for as long as he was able.”可知，儿子的工作就是做个孩子，在力所能及的范围内慢慢来，由此可知，作者意识到儿子的时间不应该被“限制”符合语境。故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Young people at the East Wind Foundation in Los Angeles’ Chinatown spend their after-school hours practicing the traditional folk art of lion dancing, an ancient art ____36____ (date) back to the Han Dynasty. It is not only a performance for these youths ____37____ a way for them to connect with the tradition and build a sense of belonging within the community in this ____38____ (dynamic) changing world. Lion dance is a demanding art form, requiring ____39____ (strong) and cooperation. Each evening, ____40____ (practice) begin with body-building exercises and martial arts training ____41____ (prepare) for the complex movements of lion dance. Through this disciplined routine, participants master the traditional techniques and develop toughness and teamwork ____42____ help build a foundation for personal growth. East Wind also teaches the cultural significance behind the art form. The annual blessing ceremony, where new lion heads are welcomed, ____43____ (offer) youths a chance to learn how to honor their ancestors. Elders guide them in traditions like dotting (点缀) a lion’s eyes with ink, awakening the lions to life in a ____44____ (symbol) way. Beyond ceremonies, East Wind builds community connections by organizing field trips in nature. These experiences allow youths from different families to explore and bond with their peers. They build lasting friendships while enjoying a meaningful interaction _____45_____ nature. 【答案】36. dating 37. but 38. dynamically 39. strength 40. practices 41. prepared 42. that##which 43. offers 44. symbolic 45. with 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶唐人街东风基金会组织的舞狮活动，包括其历史背景、对年轻人的意义、训练内容、文化意义以及通过组织野外旅行来加强社区联系等方面。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在洛杉矶唐人街的“东风基金会”里，一群年轻人在课后时间练习传统的舞狮艺术。这种艺术起源于汉朝，已有悠久的历史。此处date back to与art构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。 【37题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：这不仅是一场为这些年轻人举办的活动，也是让他们与传统建立联系、在不断变化的世界中建立社区归属感的一种方式。固定搭配：not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：这不仅是一场为这些年轻人举办的活动，也是让他们与传统建立联系、在不断变化的世界中建立社区归属感的一种方式。修饰形容词changing用副词dynamically。故填dynamically。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：舞狮是一种要求很高的艺术形式，需要力量与合作。空处考查名词形式作宾语，strength意为“力量”，为不可数名词。故填strength。 【40题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：每天晚上，训练活动都从一些增强体魄的运动以及武术训练开始，这些是为了配合舞狮时复杂的动作而准备的。空处为名词形式担当主语，根据谓语动词“begin”可知，空处为名词的复数形式作主语。故填practices。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每天晚上，训练活动都从一些增强体魄的运动以及武术训练开始，这些是为了配合舞狮时复杂的动作而准备的。prepare与body-building exercises and martial arts training构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填prepared。 42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：通过这种严格的日常训练，参与者掌握了传统技巧，培养了坚韧的品质和团队合作精神，这为他们的个人成长奠定了基础。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“toughness and teamwork”，关系词在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“that或which”引导。故填that/which。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：每年举行的祈福仪式会迎接新的狮子头，这一活动为年轻人提供了学习如何祭奠祖先的机会。空处为主句谓语动词，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The annual blessing ceremony，谓语用三单形式。故填offers。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：长辈们会指导他们遵循一些传统习俗，比如在狮子的眼睛上点上墨水，以此一种象征性的方式唤醒狮子的活力。修饰名词way用形容词symbolic。故填symbolic。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们在享受与大自然的亲密接触的同时，也建立了长久的友谊。短语interaction with表示“与……的互动”。故填with。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分） 46. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“AI助力英语学习”的讲座，作为俱乐部负责人，你打算邀请你校国际部外教 Jim 为你们年级做这个讲座。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 邀请并告知时间地点； 2. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I hope this message finds you well. As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. The event is scheduled for next Friday, 3 PM, in the school auditorium. We’d love it if you could cover two main aspects: first, introduce some cutting-edge AI tools that can assist in vocabulary building and grammar practice, as these are common challenges for us. Second, share practical tips on using AI for conversational English improvement, which is crucial for our upcoming oral exams. Your insights would be incredibly valuable and inspiring. Looking forward to your positive reply. Thank you! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件，邀请并告知时间地点以及建议讲座的具体内容及其原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 安排：schedule→arrange 演讲：lecture→speech 宝贵的：valuable→precious 建议：tip→advice 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. 拓展句：As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture, whose title is “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As the head of our school’s English Club, I’m writing to invite you to deliver a lecture titled “AI-Powered English Learning” for our Grade 12 students. (运用了过去分词作定语) 【高分句型2】Second, share practical tips on using AI for conversational English improvement, which is crucial for our upcoming oral exams.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A couple of months before I started high school, my parents gave me the greatest gift any teenage boy would ask for: a cell phone. I lived on that phone all summer. I always texted my friends, even at night. And I paid no attention to the people and things around myself. Being connected to the Internet was more important than being present. So, you can imagine my displeasure when the time came for our family vacation that year. It was not the Disneyland trip or beach vacation that I had been hoping for. “This year,” my dad said, “we’ll be doing something special, something I used to do with my dad when I was a kid. We’re going camping in the forest!” His excitement was met with a disappointed sigh, which was my communication style at that age. But he had made the decision and would not change his mind. I comforted myself by telling myself that it was still a vacation. I remained uninfluenced while they were busy preparing for the vacation. My mind was on my phone, the texts flying back and forth. I focused on the screen in my hands so much that the first time I looked up was when we drove across a bridge on the trip to our campsite. I looked out of the window and saw a fast-moving river. The air blowing into the car from the open windows was hot and smelled of trees. But that didn’t matter to me. The reason why I had looked up was something far more serious and annoying. My phone no longer had service. The signal was weak. During the last hour of the drive, there was no signal at all. 注意： 续写词数应为 150 左右； 请按如下格式作答。 When we finally arrived at the campsite, I stepped out of the car with a long face. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning I was woken up by soft rays of the sun. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When we finally arrived at the campsite, I stepped out of the car with a long face. My phone showed no signal, and I felt like I was cut off from the world. Dad noticed my disappointment and said, “This is a chance to enjoy nature.” I reluctantly followed them, setting up the tent. As I walked around, I began to notice the beauty of the forest. The tall trees and the sound of birds made me feel a bit better. Maybe this trip wouldn’t be so bad after all. The next morning I was woken up by soft rays of the sun. I opened my eyes and saw the golden light filtering through the trees. The air was fresh, and I felt a sense of peace. Dad was already up, cooking breakfast. We sat around the fire, sharing stories and laughing. I realized that without my phone, I was more connected to my family and nature. This trip taught me that sometimes, disconnecting can help us reconnect with what truly matters. 【解析】 【导语】本文以父母给我买了一部手机之后发生的故事为线索展开，讲述了我如何沉迷手机，忽视了身边的世界。直到一次去森林露营的暑假旅行，一家人来到了森林，手机没有信号，我备感失望。父亲利用这个机会教导我多关注身边的人与世界。在与自然和家人共度的时光中，我也懂得了有时放下科技设备，能够让人更接近真正重要的事物——自然与亲情。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们终于到达露营地时，我一脸不情愿地下了车。”可知，第一段可描写主人公下车后因森林中手机无信号而不得不参与家人的活动，并观察到的情况。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二知早上，我被柔和的阳光唤醒了。”可知，第二段可描写主人公醒来后发现周围的美好和感受。 2.续写线索：手机无信号——失望——父亲引导——不情愿参与家人活动——感受到自然之美——被阳光唤醒——与家人共度好时光——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①注意：notice/take notice of ②搭建：set up/put up ③四处走动：walk around/wander around/stroll around 情绪类 ①失望、沮丧：disappointment/dismay ②一丝平静：a sense of peace/a sense of calmness 【点睛】[高分句型1] As I walked around, I began to notice the beauty of the forest. (由As引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] I realized that without my phone, I was more connected to my family and nature. (由that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $