第一部分 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【高考DNA解码】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学生用书word（译林版2020）

核心词汇 1．____________ n．共和国，共和政体　　　　　 2．____________ adj．致命的；十足的，彻底的 3．____________ n．省，省份 4．____________ n．药草，香草；草本 5．____________ n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi．做试验，进行实验；尝试 6．____________ n．试用，试验；审讯，考验 vi．& vt．测试，试验 7．____________ adj．家庭的，家用的，家务的 n．一家人，家庭 8．____________ vt．延迟，延期 9．____________ adj．足够的，充足的 10．____________ n．数据，资料，材料 11．____________ n．错误，差错 12．____________ n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 13．____________ vt．& vi．组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 14．____________ n．电，电能 15．____________ n．学说，论；原理；看法，意见 16．____________ n．雷雨，雷暴 17．____________ n．金属 18．____________ vt．& vi．充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 19．____________ adj．电的，发电的，电动的 20．____________ adj．突出的 n．突出的人(或物) 21．____________ n．炸弹；核武器 vt．轰炸 22．____________ n．赞扬，认可；信用 vt．存入金额；把……归于 23．____________ n．权威，权力；官方 24．____________ vt．表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 25．____________ vt．出版，发行；发表；公布 阅读词汇 1．malaria n．________________ 2．extract n．________________ vt．________________ 3．penicillin n．________________ 4．mould(AmE mold) n．________________ vt．________________ 5．bacteria n．(sing．bacterium)________________ 6．lightning n．________________ 7．____________ n．带子，丝带；带状物 8．____________ adj．原子能的；原子的 9．____________ n．罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj．恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 10．____________ adj．脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n．知识分子，脑力劳动者 11．____________ n．神秘；神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 12．____________ n．进化；演变，发展 拓展词汇 1．survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物→____________ vi．& vt．生存；幸存，幸免于难→____________ n．幸存者 2．broad adj．广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→____________ adv．广泛地→____________ vt．变宽，扩大……的范围 3．intend vi．& vt．想要，计划；意指→____________ n．目的；意图；打算 4．limited adj．有限的→limit n．& vt．限制→____________ n．限制；局限；极限 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→____________ vt．包含 6．beneficial adj．有益的，有用的→____________ n．益处 vt．对……有益处 vi．得益于 7．illustrate vt．说明，解释；加插图于→____________ n．图解，图示 8．surround vt．围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→____________ adj．周围的→____________ n．周围的环境 9．indicate vt．表明；暗示；提及；指出→____________ n．表明；暗示 10．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→____________ adj．意外的；偶然的 11．intelligent adj．有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→____________ n．才智 12．favour(AmE favor) vt．较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→____________ adj．赞同的，支持的；有利的→____________ adj．最喜爱的 13．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→__________ n．政治(学)→__________ adj．政治的 14．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→____________ adj．有关的；卷入的；复杂的 15．scientific adj．科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→__________ n．科学→__________ n．科学家 16．moral adj．道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→____________ adj．不道德的 17．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关→____________ n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用→____________ n．申请人 18．ignorance n．无知→____________ adj．无知的；无礼的→____________ vt．忽视；不理睬 19．freedom n．自由→____________ adj．自由的；免费的→____________ adv．自由地 20．permit vt．& vi．允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→____________ n．允许，许可 高频短语 1．________________ 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及　　2．________________ (使)加速 3．________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．________________ 通过反复试验 5．________________ 偶然，意外地 6．________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7．________________ 使某人失望 8．________________ 关于，至于 9．________________ 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 10．________________ 提出，提议，建议 11．make a difference________________ 12．thanks to ________________ 13．far from the truth________________ 14．work out________________ 句型公式 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history．(动词不定式作后置定语) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．(过去分词短语作状语) 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 3．However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments．(It was not until...that...强调句型) 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 4．Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．(it作形式宾语) 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 At age 14，Liu Ziming spotted a book on traditional Chinese medicine quite by accident and quickly developed a keen interest in it．He devoted himself to studying the subject，1．____________ (intend) to become a doctor when he grew up．One day，a deadly disease struck his village．To find a cure，he 2．____________ (refer) to many medical books and eventually discovered certain herbs that proved to be effective in treating the disease．The villagers' 3．____________ (survive) inspired him so much that he conducted more scientific experiments，acquiring 4．____________ broader knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine．At that time，due to limited funding and equipment，he had 5．____________ (difficult) gathering sufficient data，but he managed to overcome all the challenges．Years later，his efforts paid off when he published a 6．____________ (nice) illustrated book on traditional Chinese medicine，which permits those 7．____________ are ignorant of it to benefit a lot．Liu Ziming often travelled around and delivered 8．____________ (lecture) in different provinces，encouraging doctors to apply the principles of traditional Chinese medicine 9．____________ their practice．He also urged authorities at all levels to grant doctors the freedom to do research in this field，emphasizing that Chinese doctors had the responsibility 10．____________ (advance) traditional Chinese medicine and make beneficial contributions to global health care． 1．intend vt．& vi．想要，计划；意指 ①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3) The ____________ (intend) of these adaptations is to make the classics more accessible to young readers． ②The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended ____________ the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture． 　句式升级 (普通表达)The programme was intended to provide help for the homeless and it turned out to be a great success． (高级表达)The programme _________________________，turned out to be a great success．(分词短语作定语) (高级表达)The programme，___________________________________，turned out to be a great success．(介词短语作插入语) ◎intend doing/to do sth．打算做某事 ◎be intended to do sth．目的是做某事 ◎with the intention of doing sth．打算做某事；为了做某事 ◎(2024·浙江1月卷改编)From my perspective，long rope jumping is an excellent choice for students who intend to stay fit while enjoying themselves． 从我的角度来看，学生想要保持健康，同时玩得开心的话，跳长绳是一个很好的选择。 2．postpone vt．延迟，延期 ①I shall postpone ____________ (make) a decision till I learn full particulars． ②In case of rain the mass meeting will be postponed ____________ the first fine day． 　词汇升级 (普通表达)They decided to put off having a baby to establish their careers． (高级表达)They decided to ________________________ having a baby to establish their careers． ◎postpone (doing) sth．推迟(做)某事 ◎postpone...till/until/to...把……推迟到…… ◎put off/delay doing sth．推迟做某事 ◎(改编自《每日电讯》)The military training was postponed to/until the next Sunday because of the bad weather． 因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。 3．involve vt．包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 ①(人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 2)As well as studying hard，I've been involved ____________ social activities． ②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ____________ (spend) quite a lot of time with students． ③The man said he involved ____________ (he) in this affair by accident not on purpose． ④Some people tried to stop the fight，but I didn't want to get ____________ (involve)． 　词汇升级 (普通表达)It's of great significance to allow young people to join in social practice regularly． (高级表达)It's of great significance to get young people ________________________ social practice regularly． ◎involve sb．in (doing) sth．使某人参与(做)某事 ◎involve doing sth．包括或需要做某事 ◎involve sb．doing sth．需要某人做某事 ◎be/become/get involved in参与；与……有牵连；卷入；专注于 ◎(2022·浙江1月卷改编)At the cultural festival，I got involved in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performances to artwork exhibitions． 在文化节上，我参与了各种各样的精彩活动，从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览。 4．apply vt．& vi．应用；申请；涂；有关 ①(外研版选择性必修第一册Unit 6)Out of the thousands of ____________ (apply)，eleven were selected，including a young woman from China． ②There has been a rise in the number of students applying ____________ food courses at UK universities and colleges． ③If you intend to apply for the job，you need to complete the online ____________ (apply) form． 　读后续写之动作描写 父亲在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。 Father _____________________________________________________________________，and then set about helping them clean up the mess and throw away the burnt toast． ◎apply (to sb．) for sth．(向某人)申请某物 ◎apply...to...把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上 ◎apply to...适应……；适用于…… ◎apply oneself (to sth．/doing sth．)努力(做某事) ◎applicant n．申请人 ◎application n．申请；申请书；适用 ◎(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)If you are willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this writing contest． 如果你愿意努力，我认为你在这次写作比赛中有很好的机会。 5．refer to 查阅，查看；参考；提到，谈及 ①(外研版必修第三册Unit 5)He refers ____________ the personalities of these people as “Type T”，with the “T” standing for “thrill”． ②The Chinese refer to their language ____________ Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty． 　应用文写作之语言学习 当他们在学习英语遇到困难时，他们通常会选择参考相关的学习材料或网页。 When they are faced with difficulty in studying English，they usually ________________________________________________ or web pages． ◎refer to...as...把……称作…… ◎refer...to...把……提交给…… ◎reference n．提到，谈及；参考 ◎in/with reference to关于 ◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A girl I met one day told me she was training for a “super”，referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon． 有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为一场“超级马拉松”进行训练，这里的“超级马拉松”指的是一场52.4英里的双程马拉松。 6．[教材原句]Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part．据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 ①____________ (touch) by their enthusiastic expression of affection，Mabry thanked them all． ②Moved ____________ their glorious deeds，Li Jiang is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future． ③____________ (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road． 　读后续写之情感描写 沐浴着阳光，沿途的美景让人欣喜不已，我们悠然自得地赶往目的地。 Bathed in the sunshine and ____________________________________________，we felt quite at ease while heading for the destination． ◎句中的Inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于As she was inspired by an over 1，600-year-old text...。 ◎过去分词短语作原因状语是一种常见的语言现象，此时分词动作通常与句子的主语之间为被动关系。 ◎(改编自《观察家报》)Struck by overwhelming joy，I studied the tricycle up and down，from its rusty handle to the worn out wheels，as if it were a daydream． 我欣喜若狂，上下研究着那辆三轮车，从生锈的把手到破旧的车轮，简直像做白日梦一样。 Ⅰ．单句语法填空 1．I'm not sure whether the experiment will be ____________ (benefit) to the local villagers． 2．Tom and his friends set out to explore the ____________ (surround) villages yesterday． 3．There is a lot of public ____________ (ignore) about how the disease is spread． 4．After the outbreak of war，life meant a struggle for ____________ (survive)． 5．Equipped with an ____________ (intelligence) computer brain，they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise． 6．The cobra is one of the world's ____________ (deadly) snakes． 7．These reasons are not ____________ (sufficiency) to justify the ban． 8．The school's unexceptionable purpose is to make parents involved ____________ the education of their children more closely．Parents' ____________ (involve)will contribute to children's better growth． Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义 1．charge A．n．主管，掌管　B．n．指控；控告　C．n．收费 D．vt．收费　E．vt．充电　F．n．冲锋 (1)(2022·全国乙卷) A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education． ________ (2)He took charge of the farm after his father's death． ________ (3)He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later． ________ (4)There are plenty of other benefits，too：it doesn't charge city tax． ________ (5)The shaver can be charged and used while travelling． ________ (6)(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge． ________ 2．pay off A．还清(债务)　B．成功，奏效，达到目的　C．(付清工资)解雇，遣散 (1)(2022·浙江1月卷)Finally，my hard work paid off—we were awarded an A，which gave us great satisfaction． ________ (2)Over 1，000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes． ________ (3)Ten years later，the wife paid off all the debts that her husband left，which was beyond others' expectations． ________ 3．(2024·全国甲卷)Like in typical families，where boys were favored much more than girls，my grandma had to stay at home to do housework． ________ A．vt．偏袒，特别照顾　　　　B．vt．有助于 C．n．好事 4．Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied．________ A．应用　　　　　　　　　　 B．申请　　　　　　　　　　　C．涂 Ⅲ．写作迁移 1．我精通英语和汉语，这对介绍中国画很有帮助，因此我打算申请这个岗位。 ________________________________________________________，which is beneficial to introduce Chinese paintings，so I _____________________________． 2．我们被他鼓舞人心的演讲所打动，下定决心要毫不犹豫地采取行动。 _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________，we made up our minds to take action without hesitation． 3．Only when I had my own children did I realize the troubles of my parents．(强调句) _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 假定你是李华，下周六，你们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，现在请你写一篇节日计划。 　写作微练 ①下周六，我们学校将举办一个以保护环境为主题的科学节，旨在激发我们的环保意识。(intend) Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment and the festival ________________________________________． ②将会有一些著名的科学家参加节日，他们将介绍一些环境知识，让我们参与保护环境。(get sb．involved in) There will be some famous scientists attending the festival，____________________ ____________________________________________． ③他们将展示一些有趣的实验，这对我们是有益的。(beneficial) They will show some interesting experiments，________________________________． ④每个班都有机会做一个实验，学生们可以从中学到很多东西。(conduct) Each class ________________________________________，from which the students will learn a lot． ⑤在节日结束时，我们将被允许参观一个环保展览。(permit) At the end of the festival，we will __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________． ⑥科学节将激励更多的学生对科学产生兴趣，并为之付出努力。(inspire) The Science Festival will ________________________________________________ and work hard at it． 　句式升级 ⑦用非限制性定语从句升级句① _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ⑧用强调句升级句⑥ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　妙笔成篇 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 　语料积累 教材语料 亮词 surround；permit；lightning；thunderstorm；bang；let sb．down；put forward 美句 1．When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again． 2．They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions，but they never gave up． 拓展语料 单词 sorry adj．遗憾的；disappoint v．使失望→disappointing adj．令人失望的→disappointed adj．失望的→disappointment n．失望；扫兴；令人失望的人/事 语块 feel extremely disappointed感到失望极了；weep bitter tears of disappointment失望得痛哭流涕；hide one's disappointment掩饰某人的失望；a look of disappointment/loneliness flashes across/spreads over one's face某人脸上露出失望/孤独的表情 句型 1．Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize，he locked himself up in his room． 他对未能获奖感到极度失望，于是把自己锁在房间里。 2．It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me．How I wished I hadn't said those words！ 就在那时，我的心中泛起了一阵遗憾的涟漪。我是多么希望我没有说那些话啊！ 3．Seeing the disappointing result，he was extremely disappointed，tears of regret running/streaming down his cheeks． 看到令人失望的结果，他非常失望，遗憾的眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。 　语料运用 ①伊迪丝热衷于科学和发明。当她听说有一个关于发明和创新的比赛时，她毫不犹豫地报名参加了。 Edith is keen on science and invention．When she heard there was going to be a competition about invention and innovation，she ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________． ②伊迪丝不遗余力地为此做准备，她相信每个人都会对她的发明感到惊讶。 Edith spared no effort to prepare for it and she was sure ________________________ ________________________________． ③然而，在比赛中，当伊迪丝慢慢地启动机器时，它并没有像预期的那样工作。对于没能成功发明这台机器，她感到极度失望。 However，during the competition，when Edith slowly turned on the machine，it didn't work as expected．______________________________________________________ ____________________________ at her failing to invent the machine． ④当她环顾四周时，她发现一些评委的脸上掠过失望的表情。(动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语) When she looked around，________________________________________________ ________________________________________． ⑤她低下头，沮丧极了，心中泛起一阵遗憾的涟漪。(独立主格结构) Lowering her head，she was extremely frustrated，_____________________________ ___________________________． 9 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修第三册　UNIT 4 单元词句 语境背记 核心词汇 1．republic　2．deadly　3．province　4．herb　5．experiment　6．trial　7．household　8．postpone　9．sufficient　10．data　11．error　12．wisdom　13．conduct　14．electricity　15．theory　16．thunderstorm　17．metal　18．charge　19．electric 20．standout　21．bomb　22．credit　23．authority　24．declare　25．publish 阅读词汇 1．疟疾　2．提取物；选录　提取；选录；取出；设法得到　3．青霉素，盘尼西林　4．霉菌；模具；类型　浇铸；塑造　5．细菌　6．闪电　7．ribbon　8．atomic　9．evil　10．intellectual　11．mystery　12．evolution 拓展词汇 1．survive；survivor　2．broadly；broaden　3．intention　4．limitation　5．contain　6．benefit　7．illustration　8．surrounding；surroundings　9．indication　10．accidental　11．intelligence　12．favourable；favourite　13．politics；political　14．involved　15．science；scientist　16．immoral　17．application；applicant　18．ignorant；ignore　19．free；freely　20．permission 高频短语 1．refer to　2．speed up　3．pay off　4．through trial and error　5．by accident　6．with a bang　7．let sb．down　8．as to　9．take it for granted　10．put forward　11．有影响，起作用　12．由于；幸亏　13．远非事实　14．计算出；锻炼；顺利进行 语境串记 1．intending　2．referred　3．survival　4．a　5．difficulty　6．nicely　7．who　8．lectures　9．to　10．to advance 考点归纳 精准讲练 1．①intention　②for [完美写作]intended to provide help for the homeless；with the intention of providing help for the homeless 2．①making　②till/until/to [完美写作]postpone/delay 3．①in　②spending　③himself　④involved [完美写作]involved in 4．①applicants　②for　③application [完美写作]applied some medicine to Jeff's hand 5．①to　②as [完美写作]choose to refer to relevant learning materials 6．①Touched　②by　③Inspired [完美写作]delighted by the fantastic scenery along the way 基础巩固 达标训练 Ⅰ．1．beneficial　2．surrounding　3．ignorance　4．survival　5．intelligent　6．deadliest　7．sufficient　8．in；involvement Ⅱ．1．(1)C　(2)A　(3)B　(4)D　(5)E　(6)F　2．(1)B　(2)C　(3)A　3．A　4．A Ⅲ．1．I have a good command of English and Chinese；intend to apply for the position　2．Greatly struck by his inspiring speach　3．It is only when I had my own children that I realized the troubles of my parents． 主题引领 写作提能 应用文写作 Step 1 ①intends to arouse our environmental awareness　②who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment　③which is beneficial to us　④has the chance to conduct an experiment　⑤be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition　⑥inspire more students to get interested in science Step 2 ⑦Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment，which intends to arouse our environmental awareness．　⑧It is the Science Festival that will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it． Step 3 Next Saturday our school will organize a science festival with the theme of protecting the environment，which intends to arouse our environmental awareness． To begin with，there will be some famous scientists attending the festival，who will introduce some knowledge about the environment and get us involved in protecting the environment．In addition，they will show some interesting experiments，which is beneficial to us．Each class has the chance to conduct an experiment，from which the students will learn a lot．At the end of the festival，we will be permitted to visit an environmental protection exhibition． All in all，it is the Science Festival that will inspire more students to get interested in science and work hard at it． 读后续写 Step 2 ①signed up for it without hesitation　②everyone would be amazed at her invention　③She was overcome with bitter disappointment　④she found a look of disappointment flashing across/spreading over some of the judges'faces　⑤a ripple of regret welling up inside her 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$