Module 2 讲义 -2024-2025学年外研版（2012）八年级英语下册

第三讲 第一部分：Module 2 Experiences课文知识点梳理 词汇精讲 1. enter （1）enter作动词，意为“进入”。等同于go into, come into。注意enter后面不能跟into。 例如： She entered the room quietly. = She went into the room quietly. 她悄悄地进入屋中。 Just now I noticed him enter the supermarket. 刚才我看到他进了超市。 My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。 （2）enter还可意为“参加，加入；使参加；开始从事；登陆，将……输入”等。例如： The United States did not enter the war until April 19, 1917. 美国直到一九一七年四月十九日才参战。 They entered their child at a private school. 他们让他们的孩子在一所私立学校就读。 He entered politics at the age of 30. 他三十岁开始从政。 He showed me how to enter data into the computer. 他告诉我如何将数据输入计算机。 2. dream （1）dream 作动词，意为“做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。意为“做……梦”时，后跟同源名词dream做宾语；意为“梦见”时，常和about连用；意为“渴望、向往、考虑”等时, 常和of连用。 例如： She dreams a good dream every night. 她每晚都做美梦。 I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。 I dream of becoming a teacher. 我渴望成为一名教师。 （2）dream 作名词，意为“梦，愿望，心愿”等。 例如： It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。 Your dream has come true. 你的愿望变成了现实。 3. afford afford常用作及物动词，意为“买(经受)得起……；给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语， afford后还可接双宾语。 This kind of computer is too expensive and I can't afford it．这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。 At last I can afford a watch．我终于买得起一只手表了。 I could not afford so much money for a bicycle．我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。 I’ll afford you a chance．我将给你提供一个机会。 4. invite invite作及物动词，意为“邀请，招待”。常用结构为：invite sb. to do，invite sb.+副词或介词短语，表示“邀请某人做某事, 邀某人去某地”。例如： They’ve invited us to stay for the weekend. 他们已邀请我们留下来度周末。 Who have you invited to your house for your birthday party? 你请了谁到家里来参加你的生日晚会？ 5. move move的用法比较多，常见用法如下： （1）move可作及物动词，意为“移动、搬动、使改变位置（或姿势）”。例如： He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙发移到左边。 （2）move作及物动词，还可意为“感动、鼓动、激动”。例如： The speech moved them to tears. 那场演说把他们感动得落泪。 （3）move还可作不及物动词，意为“离开、动身迁移、搬家”。例如： His family will move to Shanghai. 他们家要搬到上海。 【注意】 搬到某地常用move to + 地点，但当副词作地点状语时，此时可省略掉to。 【拓展】 move house搬家 move to Paris搬到巴黎 move in搬进，迁进 move on 继续前进 6. way （1）way作名词，意为“路, 道, 街, 径”。例如： Is this the way out? 这是出去的路吗? （2）way作名词，意为“方法, 方式, 手段”。例如： They are trying to find a way of settling the dispute. 他们正设法寻找解决争端的办法。 （3）way 作名词，意为“某方面”。例如： The doctor told the patient that he was in good way. 大夫对病人说, 他的病情已在好转。 【拓展】way的常见短语： （1）in a way意为“从某种意义上说，从某一点来看”，是介词短语。例如： In a way，it is an important book. 在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。 （2）on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。 例如： On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate. 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。 （3）by the way意为“顺便说一声”。 By the way，have you seen Harry recently？顺便说一句，你最近见过Harry吗？ 7. miss （1）miss 作动词，意为“错过，没赶上”。 He arrived too late and missed the train.他到得太晚，错过了火车。 The post office is next to the supermarket, and you can’t miss it. 邮局紧挨着超市，你不会错过的。 （2）be missing= be gone\lost 意为“丢失，不见了”。 My wallet is missing\gone\lost. 我的钱包不见了，丢了。 （3）miss作动词，意为“想念”。 You don’t know how I miss you.你不知道我是多么想念你。 8. fifteen-year-old fifteen-year-old, 是一个复合形容词。复合形容词的构成方法有很多，“基数词+名词（不用复数），中间用连字符隔开，就构成复合形容词的一种，表示时间、度量等。可以在句子中充当定语修饰名词。例如： a 10- year-old boy 一个10岁的男孩儿 a two-day conference 为期两天的会议 a 3-hour journey 一次3小时的旅程 a three-mile walk 一段三英里的步行 a two-hour exam 一次两小时的考试 词汇精练 Ⅰ.英汉互译。 1. think about ________ 2. 编造__________ 3. 到目前为止_________ 4. count down_________ 5. 邀请某人做某事__________ 6. 一个两星期的假期_________ 7. in many ways ____________ 8. for example __________ 9. find out _________ 10. first prize ___________ Ⅱ. 根据首字母提示补全单词。 1. Mike didn’t see anybody e_______ the building before ten. 2. My father doesn’t have money to a the car. 3. My family will m_______ to a small city next month. 4. I don’t know how to i________ my English. 5. Sally i_________ me to her birthday party. It was at her house on a fine Saturday. 6. －What do you think of my advice? －It s_______ pretty good. 7. Arabic is d_______ from English in many ways. 8. He arrived too late and m________ the plane. 9. Are you looking f_______ to visiting Pyramids? 10. Have you ever w______ any prize? Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. Lin often dreamed about ______(go) to Beijing. 2. One of the boys _______ (be) born in 1990. 3. ______ you ever ______ (write) to your friend in English? 4. My brother _______ ( not visit) the Great Wall last year. 5. I _______ just_______ (finish) my homework. 6. The man _______ ( be) 50 years old now. He _______ (be) in Tianjin for 20 years. 7.－ _______ Sally _______ (visit) China? －No, she hasn’t. 8. I ______ already _______ (seen) the film. I ______ (see) it last week. 9. ______ the young man ever ______(travel) to England? 10. －_______ you ______ (be) to Hong Kong? －Yes, I ______ (be) there twice. Ⅳ. 选词填空。 1. She is a_______ (9-year-old, 9-years-old) girl. 2. My dream can ______ ( come true, realize), because I work very hard. 3. He is ______ (a, an) 18-year-old boy. 4. Many of the ______ (student, students) have never left the village. 5. _______ (For, To) many students, it is easy to get to school. 第二部分：现在完成时 【用法讲解】 一、现在完成时的定义 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 二、现在完成时的构成 1. 肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2. 否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t（hasn’t）＋过去分词”。 3. 疑问句： 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have(has)./ No, …haven’t(hasn’t). 三、 动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化 (一) 规则变化 变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。 　　1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look — looked 　2. 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move — moved 　　3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry — carried 　　4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop — stopped (二)不规则变化 不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。同学们在记忆时，可按下面的形式对教材后不规则动词表进行分析、整理。例如： 　AAB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文 beat beat beaten 打败 　　 ABC 型 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文 be was / were been 是，在… begin began begun 开始 blow blew blown 吹 break broke broken 破裂、折断 AAA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 砍、切、割 hit hit hit 打、撞 ABA型 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文 become became become 成为 come came come 来 ABB型 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文 understand understood understood 理解、明白 bring brought brought 带来 build built built 建造 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt 燃烧 四、现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。例如： 　　We are good friends. (现在的情况）我们是好朋友。 　　I knew him in 1997. (过去的动作) 我1997年认识了他。 　　We have known each other since 1997. 我们自从1997年相互认识。 （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） (1) 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。例如： 　　— Have you had lunch yet? 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 　　— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，吃过了。我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） (2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。例如： He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。例如：　 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。 五、现在完成时常用的时间状语 before, by now (so far), once, twice…, just, recently, yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all one’s life , in /during the past /last 5 years 例如： 　 We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。 　　　　They haven’t finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 　　 — Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ 　　　 — I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。 He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。 [真题链接] 1. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? — No. He for half an hour. A. left B. has left C. has been away 2. — Is Miss Green in the office? — No, she ____ to the library. A. goes B. had goes C. has gone D. would go 3. — A new shop ____________ for a week nearby. Let’s have a look there. — Good idea. But it doesn’t ______ on Mondays. A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open 第三部分：练习与巩固 I. 单项选择。 1．Please enter ________ the dining hall with a small bag． A．in B．into C．onto D．/ 2. －Has Jenny visited Rome? －_______. She has never been there before. A. Yes, she has 　　　　 B. No, she hasn’t C. Yes, she is　　　　　 D. No, she isn’t 3. Jessica said she wanted to ______ the competition. A. take 　　　B. enter 　　　C. take part 　　　D. bring 4. The music sounds _______. I like it very much. A. good　　　 B. well 　　　C. bad 　　　D. beautifully 5. They had _______ wonderful time playing in the water. 　　A. a　　　 B. an 　　　C. the 　　　D. \ 　6. We have never been to the Great Wall _____. 　　A. ago 　　　B. before　　　 C. after 　　　D. later 7. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap（陷阱）, it’ll be too late for him to do 　　anything about it. 　　A. walks 　　　　　 B. walked 　　C. has walked　　　 D. had walked 8. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. 　　A. saw 　　　B. see　　　 C. had seen　　　 D. have seen 　9. Where ________ Cathy ________ last year? 　　A. has; studies　　　　　B. has; studied 　　C. is; studying 　　　　 D. did; study 　10. We have been friends since ______. 　　A. children　　　 B. five years　　　 C. five years ago 　　　D. five years before 　11. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998. 　　A. has been to 　　　B. has been in　　　 C. has come to 　　　　D. came to 12．Before you can enjoy _______ in Beihai Park，there are some suggestions． A．oneself B．himself C．myself D．yourselves 13. Jenny invited me ______swimming this afternoon. 　　 A. went　　　 B. go　　　 C. to go 　　　D. going 14. It is dangerous for you ______ in the river. 　　A. swim　　　 B. swimming 　　　C. to swim 　　　D. swam 15. Stop ______ a noise in the library. The students are reading books. A. make B. to make C. makes D. making [真题链接] 1. — Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they? — No. They _____ to London on business. A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go 2. —The scarves are all beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose. —Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s______. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. less beautiful 3. －Have you heard the song Stay Here Forever? －Yes. It sounds _______. A. well B. loudly C. sweet D. beautifully II. 完形填空。 I finished my cooking course in a college at the age of 21. I thought I was going to ___1___a world famous cook. I hoped people would travel all over the world just to get a ___2___of my food. But three months later, I knew I was ___3___.Since nobody traveled to taste my food, I decided I should travel to taste theirs. 　　___4___my travel, I visited many different countries, such as Japan and France, where different kinds of food ___5___ my eyes. I especially loved the experiences in Italy and China. 　　When in Italy, I learned how to ___6___pizza and salads. We had long lazy lunches in the sun and evening meals where the ___7___went on long into the night. 　　In China, I loved the hot Sichuan food and ___8___ the delicious Beijing snacks(小吃). I also discovered the joys of making dumplings with good friends... 　　My year of travel came to an end all too ___9___, but I had delicious what I should do for the ___10___of my life. I want to bring the fantastic food of the world into my kitchen in New York. 　　1. A. invite　　　B. become　　　　C. follow　　　　　　　D. remember 　　2. A. smell 　　　B. sight　　　　 C. taste　　　　　　　 D．feeling 　　3. A. free　　　　B. right　　　　 C. wrong 　　　　　　　D. angry 　　4. A. After　　　 B. Until 　　　　C. Beyond　　　　　　　D. During 　　5. A. covered　　 B. opened　　　　C. closed　　　　　　　D. wounded 　　6. A. try　　　　 B. send　　　　　C. make　　　　　　　D. show 　　7. A. films 　　　B. stories 　　　C. introductions　　　 D. conversations 　　8. A. enjoyed　　 B. served　　　　C. offered　　　　　　 D. fetched 　　9. A. slowly　　　B. easily　　　　C. quickly　　　　　　 D. suddenly 　　10. A. rest 　　　B. part　　　　　C. half　　　　　　　　D. quarter 第四讲 第一部分：Module 2 Experiences课文知识点梳理 句式精讲 1. To win it, you need to write a short story about a place you visited. （1）在本句中的动词不定式短语to win it 作目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语时可以位于句首，与后面的句子用逗号隔开，意为“为了做某事”。例如： To pass the driving test, he practiced again and again. 为了通过驾驶考试，他一次又一次地练习。 To borrow the book, you need to go to the library. 要借书，你需要去图书馆。 （2）句中的you visited作定语，修饰a place, a place you’ve visited 意为“你参观过的一个地方”。一个句子在句中作定语修饰 a place, a place you’ve visited 意为“你参观过的一个地方”。一个句子在句子中作定语修饰名词或者代词，我们把这个句子称为定语从句。 2. Although my family cannot afford to buy a ticket for the match, I can watch it on TV. although是连词，常见的用法如下： （1）although较正式，比though语气强。 Although he was tired, he went on working. 虽然他很累，但是他仍旧在工作。 （2）although引导的从句放在主句前后均可，有时还可放在句中。 He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy. 尽管他相当忙，但是还常常帮我学英语。 （3）although引导的从句不能与but, however连用，但可与yet, still连用。例如： 不能说：Although he was old, but he worked hard. 应把but去掉。 当然，保留but, 去掉although也可以。 3. At the moment, Mike and Clare are in Cairo in Egypt, one of the biggest and busiest cities in Africa. one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词/代词，意为“最……之一”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： His brother is one of the tallest boys in the class. 他弟弟是这个班最高的男生之一。 The song is one of the most popular songs. 这首歌是最流行的歌之一。 One of us has nothing for breakfast. 我们中有一个人没吃早饭。 4. I’ve stopped trying now. stop doing sth. 意为“停止做某事”。例如： He stopped watching TV and began to read English. 他不看电视了，开始读英语。 【拓展】 （1）stop后还可以接动词不定式，即stop to do sth意为“停下来原来做的事，做另一件事”。例如： He watched TV for an hour. At 8 he stopped to do his homework. 他看了一个小时的电视，八点钟他停下来(看电视)去做作业。 （2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。 例如： The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。 5. …and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words. “find it hard to spell…”是find it + adj. + (for sb) to do sth. 的结构，意为“发现做某事（对某人来说）是……”。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do sth.，形容词作宾语补足语。例如： I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这个工作不容易。 I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。 【注意】 这一结构可改成由that引导的宾语从句，在it和形容词之间加适当的be动词即可。例如： I find it easy for me to finish the work in an hour. = I find that it is easy for me to finish the work in an hour. 我发现对我来说在一小时内完成工作很容易。 【拓展】 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如： It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。 It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。 It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。 句式精练 Ⅰ. 句型转换。 1．I have learnt English for 4 years.（对画线部分提问） 　　　 ___________ ___________　have you learnt English? 　　2. Let’s meet at the school gate.（改为同义句） 　　　 ___________ ___________ meeting at the school gate? 　　3. He spent two hours on his homework last night.（改为同义句） 　　　 ___________ took him two hours ___________ finish his homework. 　　4. My apple is small. But your apple is big.（用比较级连成一句话） 　　　Your apple is ___________ ___________ my apple. 　　5. Mike has tasted Beijing roast duck.（改为一般疑问句） 　　　 ___________ Mike ___________ Beijing roast duck? 6. Sally went to Dalian yesterday. She isn’t back now. (合并为一句) Sally ______ _______ _______ Dalian. 7. There are over two thousand people in the big hall. (改为同义句) There are _______ _______ two thousand people in the big hall. 8. The Greens have been to Shanghai by train. (改为否定句) The Greens _______ ______ to Shanghai by train. 9. I have travelled by ship three times. (对划线部分提问) _______ ________ times have you travelled by ship? 10. I am having a wonderful time in China. (改为同义句) I ________ _________ in China. Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 你参加了一个什么样的比赛？ What _______ ________ _________ do you ______? 2. 我发现做更多运动很重要。 I find _______ ________ to do more exercise. 3. 为了赶上早班车，他起的很早。 ________ ________ the early bus, he got up early. 4. 虽然我们年级小，我们仍能为保护环境做一些事情。 _________ we are young, we can still _________ __________ to protect the environment. 5. Mike 是他们班最聪明的学生之一。 Mike is one of ___________ ___________ ___________ in their class. 6. 在这个假期去上海是我的梦想。 It is my _______ ________ _______ to Shanghai for my holiday. 7. 请大家停止讨论，老师已经开始讲课了。 Please ________ _________; the teacher has begun his class. 8. 我盼望着能够游遍世界各地。 I am _______ ________ ________ _________ around the world. 9. 你曾经考虑过这个计划吗？ _______ ________ ________ thought about the plan? 10. 你在中国多久了？ ______ ______ have you _______ _______ China? 第二部分：阅读理解的解题技巧 一、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。许多文章开门见山地在第一段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论证进行总结。策略：通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如：all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus 等。主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 二、长难句 长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，有的句子甚至长达好几行。这些复杂的句型也往往成为了出题的重点所在。策略：加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 三、列举处 标志性的词汇包括：First, Second, Third… ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly… Finally; First of all, Then, In addition, Further, Furthermore, Besides, Moreover… 策略：把这些词圈起来，考题中一般会出现四个选项对比，这样非常好在文章中找。 四、举例处 例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联，具有重大的意义，因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like等。策略：一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读，才能保证所选答案的正确率。 五、因果关系处 表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, so, for, since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result; result from, result in, cause, originate from, lead to, attribute to, derive from; base, basis, reason, result, consequence 等。 六、转折、对比、类比处 文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，一些明显的转折词包括：but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等。策略：转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物，这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点。 七、特殊词汇处 中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解，这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。策略：解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文，从而推断中其意思。 八、数字和年代 中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查，看似容易，但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数。其中要注意以下几点原则： ① 如果出现需要进行运算的题目，一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案；② 如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合，那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题，只选择与题目相关的那个数据；③ 要注意年份和世纪之间的差别，比如1999 年就是20 世纪，2009年就是21 世纪，也就是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加1。 九、专有名词 所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专有名词。在阅读文章的过程中，每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记，以便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位。 十、最高级词汇 最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性，因而不容易产生歧义，所以也经常成为出题对象。这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级，以及以下词汇：only, sole (solely), mere (merely), sheer, simply, entirely, absolutely, just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere) 等。 十一、引用处 说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，所以也是出题考查的热点地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。 十二、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 十三、特殊标点符号 有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：冒号、括号、破折号以及引号。 逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。冒号：冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容，例如前面是抽象的概念后面就是对这个概念的具体说明。括号：括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容。破折号：两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容，通常表示解释说明或者补充说明。 引号：表示引用他人的观点，一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者的观点。 相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题。需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不会明确说明，需要考生自己去判断并根据具体情况分析标点符号的用法。 第三部分：练习与巩固 练习1 A Rebecca Stevens was the first British woman to climb Mount Qomolangma．Before she went up the highest mountain in the world，she was a journalist(记者) and lived in a small flat in South London． In 1993，Rebecca left her job and her family and traveled to Asia with some other climbers．She found that life on Qomolangma is hard．“You must carry everything on your back，”she said，“so you can only take things that you will need．You can’t wash on the mountain，and in the end I didn’t even take a toothbrush．I am usually a clean person but there is no water，only snow．Water is very heavy so you only take enough to drink!” When Rebecca reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on May 17，1993，it was the best moment of her life．Suddenly she became famous． Now she has written a book about the trip and people often ask her to talk about it．She has a new job too，on a science programme on television． Rebecca is well-known today and she has more money，but she still lives in the flat in South London among(在……之中)her pictures and books about mountains! 1．Before Rebecca climbed Qomolangma，she worked as a _______． A．climber B．doctor C．journalist D．guide 2．Rebecca went to Asia to _______ in 1993． A．spend a holiday with her family B．climb the highest mountain C．look for a new job D．take some pictures 3．Rebecca found life on Qomolangma was hard because _______． A．she was usually a very clean person B．she had nothing but a toothbrush C．water there was very heavy and expensive D．everything that was needed had to be carried on the back 4．After her trip to Asia，Rebecca _______． A．did the same job B．lived in the same flat C．got the same money D．climbed the mountain again 5．Rebecca became famous for _______． A．her science programme B．her pictures and books C．having much money D．reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma 练习2 We were very pleased with the photo competition. Compared with other years, we received many more photos. Even though all of the photos are excellent, we can't give prizes to everyone. There are four prizes, so read on to find out who the winners are. The person who won the prize of the “Most Beautiful Nature” photography is fifteen- year-old Li Wei. Li took photos of the mountains in Xiangshan Park. The park isn't far from his home, about 500 meters, and he knows it well. The photo we liked best in the “Historic China” group was taken by Zhao Min. Zhao is only 12 years old. Her photo is of Tiananmen Square, the largest public square in the world. It’s 880 meters from north to south and 500 meters wide at the northern end. Her photo shows the size and beauty of the square perfectly. The best photo in “Music” category was taken by He Zhong who is fourteen years old. His photo of this year's best band Crazy Feet shows the singer, Becky Wang, and the band playing at a concert in Shenzhen. He Zhong manages to show the movement and the sounds of this great new band, and the fun which their fans are having. A collection of photos called the “Many Faces of Our City” which features Beijing won the prize for the Most Unusual ’category. Three pupils at the same school worked on this entry. It includes photos of different parts of the city, old and new. It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous. Congratulations to our winners and thanks to everyone who entered the competition. We are very lucky that the famous photographer John William is in China to talk about his new book. He has agreed to present the prizes at the prize giving ceremony at the end of this month. 11. The passage mainly talks about the results of 　　　　　　. A. student photo competition B. student competition C. adult photo competition D. student swimming competition 12. What category do you think Li Wei’s prize was for? A. Everyday City Life. B. Music. C. Most Unusual. D. Nature. 13. What’s the subject of Zhao Min’s photo? A. Beijing. B. The mountains in Xiangshan Park. C. Tian’anmen Square. D. Crazy Feet. 14. Which of the following sentences is true? A. The photo competition was more popular in the past than it was last year. B. Tian’anmen Square is longer from north to south than from west to east. C. There was one photo which won the “Most Unusual” prize. D. John William is coming to China soon. 15. Why are the fans having fun? A. Because of the movement of the band. B. Because of the sounds of the band. C. Because the band moved and sounded crazily. D. Because Crazy Feet was the best band. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$