19.Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals(主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 Unit 4聚焦于动植物的重要性及与人的生活的联系。动植物在地球生态系统中各自扮演关键角色，与人类生活紧密交织，从提供基本生存资源，到影响生态平衡与人类精神世界，无处不在。例如，植物的光合作用产生人类呼吸必需的氧气，同时作为食物链底层，支撑整个食物网；动物不仅为人类提供食物、劳力，部分还成为人类情感陪伴的来源。理解这一主题，能帮助学生认识到保护动植物对人类生存与发展的重要意义，增强生态保护意识 。 1. 主题内涵：该主题探讨动植物在生态系统中的角色、对人类生活多方面的贡献，以及人类活动对它们的影响。植物通过光合作用制造氧气、提供食物与栖息地，是生态系统的基石；动物参与物质循环、控制物种数量，维持生态平衡。人类依赖动植物获取食物、衣物、药材等，同时，文化艺术领域也常从动植物获取灵感。例如，牛在农业社会长期作为耕地劳力，推动农业发展；梅花在中国文化中象征高洁品质，成为诗词绘画常见主题。 2. 素养体现：通过学习此主题，学生可提升多方面素养。在语言能力上，学会描述动植物特征、功能及与人类关系的词汇和句式，如 “Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis（植物通过光合作用产生氧气）”；思维品质方面，培养逻辑思维，分析动植物与人类相互依存关系，辩证看待人类活动对生态的影响；文化意识上，了解不同文化中动植物象征意义，拓宽文化视野；学习能力上，掌握阅读科普文章技巧，自主探索生态知识 。 3. 策略要求：阅读时，学生需运用略读把握文章大意，快速识别关于动植物重要性及与人类联系的核心观点；精读分析关键细节，理解复杂句子阐述的逻辑关系，如 “Animals, such as bees, play a crucial role in pollination, which is essential for the reproduction of many plants（像蜜蜂这样的动物在授粉中起着关键作用，这对许多植物的繁殖至关重要）”。同时，利用上下文猜测生词含义，借助图表辅助理解生态系统结构等抽象概念，构建知识框架，加深对主题理解 。 4. 文化品质：该主题蕴含丰富文化价值，能培养学生尊重自然、关爱生命的品质。认识到动植物是地球家园重要成员，人类应友善对待，避免过度开发与伤害。不同文化赋予动植物独特寓意，如西方文化中鸽子象征和平，学生理解这些可增强文化包容，树立全球生态保护意识，积极参与环保行动，践行人与自然和谐共生理念 。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①植物类：plant（植物）、tree（树）、flower（花）、grass（草）、leaf（叶子）、seed（种子）、root（根）、branch（树枝）、bark（树皮）、stem（茎）、crop（庄稼）、vegetable（蔬菜）、fruit（水果）、grain（谷物）、corn（玉米）、rice（水稻）、wheat（小麦）、bean（豆）、cabbage（卷心菜）、tomato（西红柿）、potato（土豆）、rose（玫瑰）、lily（百合）、sunflower（向日葵）、orchid（兰花）、bamboo（竹子）、pine（松树）、oak（橡树）、maple（枫树） ②动物类：animal（动物）、mammal（哺乳动物）、bird（鸟）、reptile（爬行动物）、amphibian（两栖动物）、fish（鱼）、insect（昆虫）、dog（狗）、cat（猫）、cow（奶牛）、sheep（羊）、pig（猪）、horse（马）、chicken（鸡）、duck（鸭）、goose（鹅）、elephant（大象）、tiger（老虎）、lion（狮子）、bear（熊）、monkey（猴子）、panda（熊猫）、kangaroo（袋鼠）、koala（考拉）、snake（蛇）、frog（青蛙）、butterfly（蝴蝶）、bee（蜜蜂）、ant（蚂蚁）、spider（蜘蛛）、whale（鲸鱼）、dolphin（海豚） ③关系与作用类：provide（提供）、supply（供给）、offer（给予）、produce（生产）、create（创造）、support（支持）、depend on（依赖）、rely on（依靠）、benefit（有益于）、be beneficial to（对……有益）、ecosystem（生态系统）、balance（平衡）、habitat（栖息地）、food chain（食物链）、pollination（授粉）、fertilization（受精）、oxygen（氧气）、carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）、photosynthesis（光合作用）、survive（生存）、exist（存在） 2. 主题句式 ①描述植物特征与作用 This kind of plant has large leaves which can absorb more sunlight. （这种植物有大叶子，能吸收更多阳光。） Plants are essential for our life as they produce oxygen. （植物对我们的生活至关重要，因为它们产生氧气。） The roots of the tree help to hold the soil in place. （树的根有助于固定土壤。） Flowers not only look beautiful but also play a role in plant reproduction. （花不仅看起来漂亮，还在植物繁殖中起作用。） Vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals that are good for our health. （蔬菜富含对我们健康有益的维生素和矿物质。） Fruit trees bear delicious fruits which are loved by people. （果树结出美味的果实，深受人们喜爱。） Grains are the main source of energy for many people around the world. （谷物是世界上许多人的主要能量来源。） ②描述动物特征与作用 Dogs are loyal animals and they can help people in many ways. （狗是忠诚的动物，它们能在很多方面帮助人们。） Birds can fly and they help to spread seeds as they move around. （鸟会飞，它们在移动过程中帮助传播种子。） Bees are important for pollination, which is necessary for plant growth. （蜜蜂对授粉很重要，这对植物生长是必要的。） Some animals, like cows and sheep, provide us with milk and wool. （一些动物，如牛和羊，为我们提供牛奶和羊毛。） Insects play various roles in the ecosystem, such as decomposing organic matter. （昆虫在生态系统中扮演着各种角色，如分解有机物。） Predatory animals help to control the population of other animals. （食肉动物有助于控制其他动物的数量。） Amphibians have a unique life cycle that involves living both in water and on land. （两栖动物有独特的生命周期，包括在水中和陆地上生活。） ③阐述动植物与人类关系 Humans depend on plants and animals for food, clothing, and shelter. （人类依赖动植物获取食物、衣物和住所。） We should protect plants and animals because they are crucial to the balance of the ecosystem. （我们应该保护动植物，因为它们对生态系统的平衡至关重要。） The relationship between humans and animals can be very close, like that between pet owners and their pets. （人类和动物之间的关系可以非常亲密，就像宠物主人和他们的宠物之间的关系。） Many traditional medicines are derived from plants and animals. （许多传统药物来源于动植物。） Our daily life is closely related to the existence of plants and animals. （我们的日常生活与动植物的存在密切相关。） Protecting the habitats of plants and animals is protecting our own living environment. （保护动植物的栖息地就是保护我们自己的生活环境。） The extinction of some plants and animals will have a negative impact on the entire ecosystem and human society. （一些动植物的灭绝将对整个生态系统和人类社会产生负面影响。） 三、策略提升 1. 预测分析 这一策略强调要充分借助标题、插图等信息来对文章内容进行合理推测。当我们看到标题 “Amazing Plants and Animals” 时，就可以基于此预判文章大概率会围绕动植物展开。具体而言，可能会深入介绍动植物那些令人惊叹的独特功能，例如某些植物的特殊防御机制，或是动物独特的捕食技巧；也可能会着重阐述它们在生态系统中的重要生态价值，像一些植物对维持水土的关键作用，以及某些动物在食物链中的关键地位等。 2. 推断理解 在阅读过程中，当遇到 “honeycombs”（蜂巢）“dance to communicate”（通过舞蹈交流）等词汇时，我们可以结合上下文进行合理推断。从 “honeycombs” 能推断出蜜蜂具有建造复杂结构用于储存食物和繁衍后代的能力；而 “dance to communicate” 则体现了蜜蜂独特的沟通方式，进而推断出它们的协作行为和生存智慧，比如通过舞蹈告知同伴花蜜的位置，这种高度协作的行为对于蜂群的生存和发展至关重要。 3.词义猜测 遇到生词，鼓励学生利用上下文线索猜测含义。在 “The deforestation has led to the loss of many animal habitats, making it difficult for them to survive（森林砍伐导致许多动物栖息地丧失，使它们难以生存）” 中，学生可根据 “森林砍伐”“动物难以生存” 推测 “habitats” 与动物生存空间有关，从而理解生词，保障阅读流畅性 。 5.总结归纳 阅读结束后，要求学生总结文章要点，梳理动植物重要性及与人类关系的关键信息，如以思维导图形式呈现植物提供食物、氧气，动物参与物质循环等内容，强化知识记忆，提升归纳概括与知识整合能力 。 6. 批判性思考 批判性思考要求我们深入分析作者的意图。以海龟保护项目的宣传文本为例，如果其中出现 “call on others to protect sea turtles”（呼吁他人保护海龟）这样的表述，我们就能明确作者撰写该文本的主要目的是呼吁公众参与到海龟保护行动中来。同时，我们还可以进一步思考作者采用了哪些手法来达成这一目的，比如是否运用了海龟生存现状的严峻数据，或是感人的海龟故事来引发读者的情感共鸣，从而增强呼吁的效果。 7. 文化对比 通过比较不同国家在环保措施方面的差异，能更好地理解不同文化背景下的生态保护策略。例如，将中国和挪威进行对比，挪威凭借其高福利政策，在环保方面可能侧重于利用充足的资金投入到科研监测、生态修复技术研发等方面；而中国则依靠大规模绿化工程，如“三北”防护林工程等，通过植树造林来改善生态环境，增加植被覆盖率，从而达到防风固沙、保持水土等生态保护目的。这种对比有助于我们从不同角度认识生态保护的多样性和复杂性。 核心知识回顾 与动植物及其重要性有关的常见语篇结构分析 一、语篇类型与结构 1. 说明文（Expository Text） 【语篇特点】 说明文主要以客观描述为核心，旨在清晰、准确地传达信息。它会借助具体的数据以及丰富的实例，对动植物所具备的生态功能进行详细解释。通过这种方式，让读者深入了解动植物在生态系统中扮演的重要角色。例如，在探讨蜜蜂对生态系统的影响时，会列举具体的数据说明蜜蜂授粉对植物繁衍的关键作用，以及实例展示蜜蜂在不同植物种类授粉过程中的独特方式。 【典型结构】 引言：通常以引人关注的现象或具有思考价值的问题作为切入点，巧妙地引出主题。比如，“What would happen if bees disappeared?”这样的问题，能够迅速吸引读者的注意力，激发他们对后续内容的兴趣，促使读者思考蜜蜂消失可能带来的一系列生态后果。 主体：在这部分，会分要点详细阐述动植物的具体作用。以蜜蜂为例，会着重介绍其授粉行为（pollination），这是蜜蜂对生态系统最关键的贡献之一，详细说明蜜蜂如何在花丛中穿梭，将花粉传播到不同花朵上，实现植物的繁衍。同时，还可能提及竹子的生态价值（ecological value），如竹子在保持水土、提供栖息地等方面的重要作用。 结论：此部分会强调保护的必要性，为增强说服力，常常引用科学研究成果或具体的数据。例如，“80% of plants depend on bees for pollination”，这一数据清晰地表明了蜜蜂在植物授粉过程中的不可或缺性，从而有力地论证了保护蜜蜂对于维护生态平衡的重要意义。 2. 议论文（Argumentative Text） 【语篇特点】 议论文的核心在于提出明确的观点，并通过合理的论证来支持这一观点。这类文章常见于讨论濒危物种保护或生态政策等话题，旨在通过严谨的逻辑推理和充分的论据，让读者接受作者的立场。 【典型结构】 论点：文章开篇就会明确表达作者的立场，如 “Protecting pandas is crucial for biodiversity”。这种明确的论点能够让读者迅速了解文章的核心观点，为后续的阅读和思考奠定基础。 论据：为了支持论点，会从经济、生态、文化等多个角度提供有力的支撑。以熊猫为例，作为 “伞护种”（umbrella species），它对整个生态系统的保护作用十分显著。从生态角度看，熊猫的栖息地为众多其他物种提供了生存空间；从经济角度，熊猫吸引大量游客，带动当地旅游业发展；从文化角度，熊猫是中国的文化象征，具有极高的文化价值。 反驳与结论：在论证过程中，会回应可能出现的反方观点，比如针对 “保护成本高” 这一观点进行分析和反驳。最后，再次重申立场，强化读者对作者观点的认同，使文章的论证更加完整和有力。 3. 记叙文（Narrative Text） 【语篇特点】 记叙文主要通过讲述故事或个人经历来传递环保理念。这种方式生动有趣，能够让读者更容易产生共鸣，从而更好地理解和接受环保信息。这类文章常见于讲述人物事迹或保护项目的过程。 【典型结构】 背景：首先会介绍故事发生的时间、地点以及涉及的人物，为整个故事搭建一个清晰的框架。例如，在讲述科学家追踪黑犀牛的故事时，会明确说明故事发生的特定区域以及参与追踪的科学家团队等信息，让读者对故事背景有清晰的认识。 发展：这部分主要描述在保护过程中遇到的挑战以及采取的行动。比如，“Footprint Identification Technique (FIT) 的应用”，详细说明科学家如何运用这种技术来追踪黑犀牛，克服追踪过程中的困难，展示保护工作的复杂性和科学性。 结局：故事的结尾会总结从中得到的启示，如 “Community involvement is key to conservation”，强调社区参与在保护工作中的关键作用，使读者从故事中汲取经验，更好地理解环保工作的多方面要素。 4. 科普文章（Scientific Articles） 【语篇特点】 科普文章的显著特点是紧密结合最新的研究成果，语言表达严谨且富含专业术语。这使得文章能够准确传达科学知识，满足读者对专业科学信息的需求。 【典型结构】 研究背景：会介绍相关研究的背景信息，如 “Bees' declining population in North America”，说明研究蜜蜂数量下降这一现象的背景和重要性，让读者了解为什么要进行该项研究。 方法与结果：详细介绍实验过程或数据收集的方法，如 “tracking rhinos via footprints”，展示研究的科学性和严谨性。同时，阐述通过这些方法所得到的研究结果，为后续的讨论提供依据。 讨论与建议：基于研究结果，提出针对性的解决方案，如 “No Mow May 运动”。这部分不仅是对研究的总结，更是为实际的环保行动提供指导和方向，使研究成果能够应用于现实的生态保护工作中。 二、语篇主题与表达 1. 核心主题 ①生态价值：动植物对于维持整个生态系统的平衡起着至关重要的作用。以蜜蜂为例，“Bees are essential for plant reproduction”，蜜蜂在植物繁衍过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色，它们通过传播花粉，使得众多植物能够顺利完成授粉过程，进而开花结果，维持植物种群的延续，这对于整个生态链的稳定至关重要。 ②经济与文化意义：动植物不仅在经济层面为人类提供了丰富的资源，在文化领域也有着深刻的象征意义。例如，“Bamboo is used in construction and art”，竹子在建筑领域，因其坚固且轻便的特性，常被用于搭建各类建筑结构；在艺术领域，它更是被艺术家们赋予了独特的文化内涵，广泛应用于竹编、竹雕等艺术创作中。同时，许多动植物还为人类提供了食物与药物来源，是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础。 ③人类责任：保护动植物是实现可持续发展的根本基石。正如 “We must take action to prevent extinction” 所表达的，动植物的生存现状直接关系到地球生态系统的稳定与人类社会的长远发展。一旦某些物种灭绝，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，破坏生态平衡，进而影响人类的生存环境。因此，人类有责任采取积极有效的行动，保护动植物的生存空间与繁衍环境。 2. 高频表达 ①强调重要性：通过一些具体的数据和形象的描述，能够更深刻地强调动植物的重要性。比如 “Without bees, 80% of plants cannot grow.”，这表明蜜蜂对于植物生长的影响程度极高，若蜜蜂数量大幅减少，将会严重影响众多植物的生长与繁衍，进而影响整个生态系统的平衡。又如 “Plants and animals play a vital role in our ecosystem.”，明确指出动植物在生态系统中处于关键地位，它们相互依存、相互影响，共同构建了生态系统的复杂网络。 ②对比结构：运用对比结构可以更清晰地呈现不同环境或物种状态之间的差异。像 “The air in the countryside is fresher than in the city.”，鲜明地对比出乡村和城市空气质量的不同，凸显出自然环境对于空气净化的重要作用。而 “Pandas are becoming fewer in number due to habitat loss.” 则阐述了因栖息地丧失这一关键因素，导致熊猫数量逐渐减少的现状，让人们更直观地认识到生态环境变化对物种生存的影响。 ③建议与呼吁：为了更好地保护动植物及其生态环境，我们可以通过一些具体的行动建议来唤起人们的保护意识。例如 “We should protect endangered species by creating reserves.”，创建保护区是一种行之有效的保护手段，能够为濒危物种提供相对安全的生存空间，促进其繁衍。又如 “Let’s join the No Mow May movement to help bees.”，“五月不割草” 运动为蜜蜂创造了更多的觅食和栖息机会，鼓励大家积极参与此类活动，共同为保护蜜蜂等有益生物贡献力量。 综合实战演练 1 Weight: 5—9kg Length: 45—65 cm Average lifespan (平均寿命) in the world: 8 years Diet: bamboo, acorns, insects, fruit, eggs In September, besides the red leaves, there are also red pandas in the forests. Every year, the third Saturday in September marks International Red Panda Day. The red panda is tiny compared to (与……相比) the black and white giant panda. These pandas usually grow to the size of a house cat. The pandas use their tails as blankets (毯子) in the mountains. They live alone, mainly active at night, and are mostly inactive during the day. Why are they in danger? 1. Hunting 2. Loss of living areas 3. Limited food supply (有限的食物供给) 4. Predators (天敌) 1．When is the International Red Panda Day? A．The second Saturday in September. B．The third Saturday in September. C．The second Sunday in September. D．The third Sunday in September. 2．What food do red pandas Not eat? A．Acorns B．Insects. C．Meat. D．Eggs. 3．How many reasons are there for red pandas in danger? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a diary. B．In a science magazine. C．In a health report. D．In a history book. 2 China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system (国家重点保护系统) by 2025. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局) said that part of China’s achievements in protecting wild animals is setting wild animals into nature reserves (保护区) after human breeding (繁殖). It’s said that nine milu deer (麋鹿) recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. They’re babies of the milu deer, or Pere David’s deer, who were set into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu Province. According to a report, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses. There are now around 10,000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski’s horses. As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from about 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period. China plans to continue protecting the wild animals—including giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards. At the same time, the government has made more efforts to stop unlawful trading (非法交易) in wildlife. This greatly helps with the increase of wild animals. 1．What does the underlined word “its” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代的是)? A．Germany’s. B．China’s. C．France’s. D．Japan’s. 2．What was the population of the giant pandas in the 1980s? A．About 120. B．About 700. C．About 1,864. D．About 1,114. 3．What do we know about milu deer from the passage? A．Milu deer once disappeared in the wild. B．Nine milu deer were set into the wild in November. C．75 percent of milu deer are being protected by the nation. D．Human breeding makes no differences to their population increase. 4．What has China done to protect wild animals in this passage? A．Build more zoos. B．Plant more trees. C．Take up human breeding. D．Stop unlawful trading in wildlife. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Human Breeding B．Animal Habits C．Wildlife Protection D．Endangered Animals 3 Come and enjoy an underwater world at the City Aquarium (水族馆)! There are hundreds of wonderful sea animals for you to see! Sharks appeared on our earth many years ago. In most people’s eyes, they are dangerous. Some of them are big, and some are small. Don’t miss the shark feeding in our aquarium every day at 3 p. m. Most penguins come from the Southern hemisphere (南半球), and some of them live in one of the coldest places on the earth: Antarctica (南极洲). See them playing and swimming in the icy water! Turtles showed on the earth about 200 million years ago. But today, some kinds of sea turtles are in great danger because of hunters or plastic (猎人或塑料) in the sea. Come and see these beautiful sea animals. Corals are not plants or rocks—they’re animals! Coral reefs can live for hundreds of years. They were born with the help of corals. They are home to many kinds of tropical (热带的) fish. Turtles also live there. Come and enjoy this colorful and exciting world! Opening hours We’re open from 10 a. m. to 6 p. m. on weekdays and from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. on weekends.Tickets Adults (成人): $10        Children: $5 1．Which kind of sea animals can help provide the house for animals to live in? A．Sharks. B．Corals. C．Penguins. D．Turtles. 2．How long is the City Aquarium open on Saturday? A．For ten hours. B．For eight hours. C．For nine hours. D．For seven hours. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．All sharks are large. B．Penguins usually live with other animals. C．Coral reefs can only live on earth for ten years. D．There are fewer turtles now. 4 Cheetahs (猎豹) and other wild cats (大型猫科动物) are in danger of dying out because they have few places to live and people hunt (猎杀) them. Can we help these wild cats in danger? Wildlife scientists hope so. They are trying to protect the wild cats by letting people know about their situation and thinking out some ways to keep them safe. Cheetahs are the world’s fastest land animals. Most cheetahs live in Africa. In the past 100 years, the number of cheetahs living in the wild has changed from 100 000 to fewer than 12 000. Good news for cheetahs at the Saint Louis Zoo! Three baby cheetahs that were born in November are growing up at the Saint Louis Zoo in Missouri. “The babies do well,” the zoo’s worker, Steve, said. “They are very active and playing with each other or with their mom.” By raising baby cheetahs, the zoo is working to save cheetahs from dying out. The zoo is also helping protect cheetahs in the wild. “We want children to know that cheetahs are in danger,” said Steve. “It is important to protect their living places.” 1．Why are cheetahs and other wild cats in danger of dying out? A．Because they have few places to live and people hunt them. B．Because they are easy to be ill. C．Because they have nothing to eat. D．Because people send them into the zoo. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about cheetahs? A．Most cheetahs live in Africa. B．They are the world’s fastest animals. C．They are in danger because of the weather. D．There are about 100 000 of them in the wild now. 3．What does the underlined word “They” here refer to? A．The workers. B．The scientists. C．Mom cheetahs. D．Baby cheetahs. 4．How does the Saint Louis Zoo in Missouri help cheetahs? A．By raising baby cheetahs. B．By making laws to keep them safe. C．By sending baby cheetahs into the wild. D．By building more and more houses for them. 5．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To tell us the number of cheetahs. B．To tell us about a zoo with cheetahs. C．To tell us the situation about cheetahs. D．To encourage us to do something for the zoo. 5 On November 25th, 2023, a Sumatran rhino (苏门答腊犀牛) named Delilah gave birth to a baby rhino at a sanctuary (动物保护区) in Indonesia. The baby rhino weighed (重量是……) 25 kilograms and it is a boy. This was the second baby Sumatran rhino born in Indonesia last year. It’s exciting news because there are only a few Sumatran rhinos in the world, less than 50! Sumatran rhinos used to live in many places, but now they only live on Sumatra. The rhinos are in great danger because their homes in the forests are getting destroyed. They are losing their homes. And some people kill them for their horns (角) to make make money. To save Sumatran rhinos, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is fighting to stop bad people from hurting the rhinos. They also help them live and have babies in a sanctuary. For us, we can ________ too! Don’t buy things made of rhino horns. And tell more people about this: The animal should live on the earth, because the earth is also their home. We hope everyone can do something to help them and one day more Sumatran rhinos will live happily in this world. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．The baby rhino is a girl. B．Delilah weighs 25 kilograms. C．Delilah had a baby rhino last year. D．The baby rhino was the only one born in Indonesia last year. 2．Why does the writer start the passage with the news? A．To show his love for Sumatran rhinos. B．To get people interested in Sumatran rhinos. C．To give more information about the sanctuary. D．To have people do something for the sanctuary. 3．What does the underlined part “are getting destroyed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese? A．被翻修 B．被破坏 C．被控制 D．被装饰 4．What’s the best word for “________” in the last paragraph? A．wait B．laugh C．notice D．help 5．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advise us to protect Sumatran rhinos. B．To tell us exciting news about Sumatra rhinos. C．To advise us to join WWF and help more animals. D．To tell us an interesting story about Sumatran rhinos. 6 Koalas are cute and easy to recognize, with fluffy (毛茸茸的) ears and a large, spoon-shaped nose. They’re popular with people. They were common across Australia before, but the last 200 years haven’t been good for them. Their forests have been cut down and burnt in fires. Now, koalas are endangered, so it’s necessary to make sure how many koalas there are by counting them in different areas. This information can be used to find out where help is most needed. Then it’ll become much easier to protect them and their homes. HOW TO COUNT KOALASWe can count koalas in different ways, such as: ·walking around and looking from the ground ·sending up drones to look from the sky ·recording koala calls ·using trained dogs HELP COUNT KOALAS! YOU WILL NEED · A smartphone · Walking shoes, a hat and a backpack · Binoculars (望远镜) Safety: Ask parents before you go into the forest. When you are outdoors, remember to be sun safe with a hat. WHAT TO DO TO COUNT KOALAS · Fill in your personal information in Koala Spotter (an app). · Go out to the forest and search for koalas. Look up carefully in the trees. · Report any koala sightings in the app. · Remember to record when you don’t see a koala. 1．Why is it necessary to count koalas? A．Because they are easy to recognize. B．Because they are common across Australia. C．Because people love them so much. D．Because their population information is helpful. 2．Which of the following is NOT needed to count koalas? A．A hat. B．A watch. C．A smartphone. D．A backpack. 3．Who is the passage most probably written for? A．Teenagers. B．Workers. C．Teachers. D．Keepers. 7 ①Fighting fish (斗鱼) are known for their bright colors. They are popular among many people and they love to keep them as pets. With good care, fighting fish live three to five years, but some are known to live up to ten years. If you want to take good care of your fighting fish, you should give them a comfortable home. What is their comfortable home like? Just read on. ②A fish tank (鱼缸) that holds at least 11 liters of water is a good choice. Some people buy a 9-liter tank for fighting fish. In fact, I think larger tanks are better. That’s because larger tanks provide more space for fish. ③You can put small rocks or sand at the bottom of the tank. A few centimeters is enough. You should clean the rocks or sand with running water before adding them to the tank. It’s not a wise idea to use soap to clean them. ④The tank needs a filter (过滤器). The filter is useful and it can make the water clean. The fish that are kept without filters will die soon. That’s because the water in the tank will get dirty and unhealthy. If you want the fighting fish to stay healthy, you should raise them in a tank with a filter. Choose a filter that is the right size for the tank. ⑤The tank needs a heater (加热器) and it can make your fish in good condition. These fighting fish prefer warmer water. The best water temperature is usually between 24°C and 28°C． Pet stores usually sell all kinds of heaters for fish. You can choose the right size for your tank. 1．According to the passage, what don’t you need to put in a tank if you want to keep fighting fish? A．Sea grass. B．Small rocks. C．A filter. D．A heater. 2．Why does the writer mention “water temperature” in the passage? A．Because fighting fish can’t live in very cold water. B．Because fighting fish can lay eggs in warm water. C．Because the writer wants to tell us the importance of a filter. D．Because the writer wants to tell us how important a heater is. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 …) A．①//②③④//⑤ B．①//②③④⑤ C．①//②③//④//⑤ D．①//②③④//⑤ 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To share the pleasure of keeping fighting fish. B．To tell us how to choose the best fighting fish. C．To explain that it’s not easy to keep fighting fish. D．To tell us how to prepare a comfortable home for fighting fish. 8 Wu Junhui, a 25-year-old game designer in Chengdu, loves his three parrots. Every day when he gets home, he lets them out, calls their names and watches them landing on his hands. He used to like cats but fell in love with birds after a friend gave him one. In China, bird-keeping was usually for the elderly in the past. But now more and more young people are keeping birds as pets. Parrots, especially parakeets and cockatiels, are the top choices. Cost is an important reason for this. On Taobao, a small parakeet costs as little as 40 yuan. Birds are also cheap to feed. Their food is usually a mix of corn, vegetables and fruits. “I used to spend about 1,500 yuan on a-three-month supply of food for my four cats, but a three-month bill for my three birds is less than 20 yuan,” said Wu. “It’s much cheaper than keeping cats.” Wu finds parrots to be his perfect friends. “If I let the birds out, they’ll always stay close to me,” he said. “They stand on my shoulder when I watch TV. When I’m feeling a little down, I stroke (轻抚) them, and that cheers me up.” ▲Parrots get sick easily because of their small size and fast metabolism (新陈代谢). What’s worse, vets (兽医) are often hard to find. Sun Huicong, a teacher in Foshan, knows this well. Earlier this year, his parrot “Facai” had difficulty laying an egg. The operation and trip to the vet in Guangzhou were costly and took time. But Sun was glad that Facai got better quickly after receiving help in time. After all, not all bird lovers can count on this. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．What do parrots look like? B．Why did Wu Junhui like cats? C．How many cats did Wu Junhui keep? D．How much does Wu Junhui love parrots? 2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Only old people kept birds in the past. B．Parrots are the best choices for bird lovers. C．There are many kinds of birds in the market. D．Keeping birds are more and more popular with young people. 3．Which of the following can be the best to fill in“ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．But owning birds also need some care. B．So owning birds is easy and interesting. C．So more people now choose to own birds. D．However, bird owners also have problems. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Cats or birds B．Wu Junhui’s lovely parrots C．The ups and downs of keeping birds D．The cost advantage of having birds 9 Traveling Elephants A herd of wild Asian elephants traveled 500 kilometers after leaving Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province. After a stop in Kunming, 15 of them lived in Yuxi city. And they continued to travel slowly to their wonderland. At the beginning, there were 17 elephants, including one born during the journey. Two males have broken from the group and headed in different directions. Many people have asked why the teenage male decided to leave. Shen Qingzhong, who has researched wild Asian elephants for more than thirty years, the chief engineer at Xishuangbanna National Natural Reserve, said, “The elephants are ‘rebelling’. It is similar to young people reaching youth and disobeying their parents.” Shen Qingzhong said after years of observation he has found that male elephants increasingly leave from a herd to look for mates after they are 6 years old. The elephants which are rebelling are about 10 years old. They just don’t want to stay with their parents and want to go out! They will increasingly go home after 14 years old. The IQ of an elephant at birth is that of a 1-year-old baby. When the animal reaches adulthood, its IQ is similar to or even higher than that of a 5-year-old child. A baby elephant can stand up minutes after being born and can walk with its mother about two hours later. It will join its mother to bathe in rivers and lakes about a week after being born. Chen Mingyong, a science professor at Yunnan University, said, the herd moved slowly. One possible reason is that they were waiting for the straying male to return. 1．How many elephants left Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve at the very beginning? A．14. B．15. C．16. D．17. 2．Who has researched wild Asian elephants for more than thirty years? A．The writer. B．Shen Qingzhong. C．Chen Mingyong. D．Shen Qingzhong’s brother. 3．What does the underlined word “rebelling” mean in Paragraph 3? A．强壮的 B．聪明的 C．勇敢的 D．叛逆的 4．When is an elephant’s IQ similar to or even higher than that of a 5-year-old child? A．When an elephant is at birth. B．When an elephant reaches adulthood. C．When an elephant can walk with its mother. D．When an elephant joins its mother to bathe in rivers and lakes. 10 There are about 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings and others are as small as rice. Plants play an important part in nature because they give out oxygen (氧气) for breathing. What is a plant? Most people can easily tell the differences between an animal and a plant. Animals can move around, but plants can’t. Animals get food from the outside world, but plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves. Animals reproduce by having babies. Most plants do this by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and DNA plays an important part in their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in Paragraph 1? A．The number of plants. B．The sizes of plants. C．The importance of plants. D．Different parts of plants. 2．How does the writer describe the plants in Paragraph 2? A．By comparing (比较). B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By telling stories. 3．What does the underlined word “reproduce” mean in Chinese? A．狩猎 B．进化 C．繁衍 D．迁徙 4．What can we know about plants from the text? A．Flowers and seeds are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Environment can change the plants’ DNA． D．Environment is important to the final shape of plants. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Different Kinds of Plants B．The Plant World C．Plants and Animals D．Plants in Danger 11 The spring season (季节) brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to enjoy. For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps. Ramps are a wild (野生的) plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one of the first plants that grow in spring, usually between April and May. They can be easily found through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste, similar to onions. , but they have a long history in the United States. In the Mountains, ramps have been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the local people. However, over the last 30 years, the popularity (流行) of ramps has grown quickly. Many nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D．C． want them very much. One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms. Most restaurants get them from people who collect ramps by searching forests for some small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity. And their popularity could cause their disappearance (消失) from the earth. In 1995, the local government (当地政府) in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to restaurants in order to protect the plant against being over-dug. The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time to have a taste of ramps yourself. 1．______ is probably the picture of a ramp. A． B． C． D． 2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指的是) ______. A．ramp collectors B．ramps C．customers D．restaurants 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ______? A．Experts say that ramps were in great danger B．Ramps are not as famous as other vegetables C．It cost more to grow ramps than others D．The government wanted to make money 4．The best title of this passage may be “________”. A．Ramps can be found in spring B．Don’t dig too many ramps C．Ramp—a popular wild plant D．Restaurants want ramps 12 Green School Project Purposes ●Know the importance of the trees. ●Learn how to properly (正确地) plant trees. ●Learn how to work with classmates. Tasks ●Attend lessons Know the steps of tree planting with your group members. ●Choose a tree expert (专家) Miss Smith or Miss Jones can give you advice. ●Decide the planting area and the trees Keep gas lines (天然气管道) away from the area and make sure the soil is good for planting. Consider the kinds and the number of trees to plant. ●Plant and take care of the trees Work in a group of four and take right tools for planting. Water properly and clear grass around the trees. 1．Which is the purpose of the Green School Project? A．To make good use of trees. B．To learn how to plant trees. C．To work with parents well. D．To collect news about trees. 2．How many tasks are there for students? A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One. 3．What should you do when you join the Green School Project? A．Give lessons about tree planting. B．Keep grass growing around the trees. C．Choose a planting area with gas lines. D．Work with another three classmates. 13 As more Americans try to have healthy lifestyles and protect the environment, the idea of growing their own food has become popular among city people. Not long ago, a city gardening meeting, Rooting DC, took place in Washington, D．C． Many organizations and people got together to support the food movement. Katie, one of the main organizers of Rooting DC, says people can get free seeds if they take part in the one-day gardening meeting. According to Katie, the aim of Rooting D．C． is to teach people gardening and develop more gardens all across the city. Katie says, “People realize that gardening is a way to bring healthy foods into their lives. They become interested in gardening because of that. Growing worry about the environment has also worked. We not only grow food, but protect the environment through gardening.” Several organizations that encourage school children to grow fruits and vegetables in healthy ways also ran classes at Rooting D．C． Scott, a college student, who came with his friends, says, “I am really interested in gardening. Certainly I know how to find local food, but I want to grow the food on my own and encourage others to do so.” Ann came to get information for her daughter. “We started a garden together at the school. I need to find out more resources to support school gardens.” Brian, a computer teacher, says gardening is a hobby that he can enjoy with his friends. “I am looking forward to getting some seeds since I need new seeds to exchange with my friends. We’d like to see different plants grow in our gardens.” The organizers hope that city gardening can become more and more popular not only in their area but also around the country and even across the world. 1．Not long ago, a city gardening meeting took place in ________. A．America B．the Garden C．Rooting DC D．Washington, D．C． 2．________ is one of the main organizers of Rooting DC． A．Katie B．Ann C．Brian D．Scott 3．Katie says the aim of Rooting D．C． is to teach people ________ all across the city. A．Meeting B．to get free seeds C．Gardening D．to eat food 4．People become interested in gardening because they can get ________ into their lives. A．free seeds B．healthy foods C．fruits D．vegetables 5．Several organizations encourage school children ________. A．to grow their own food B．to run classes C．to organize meetings D．to get information 6．Brian is looking forward to getting some seeds because he wants ________. A．to plant these seeds in his garden B．to get new fruits and vegetables C．to exchange them with his friends. D．to encourage others to sell these seeds 14 Birds are becoming popular as pets. To set up a better relationship with pet birds, it’s important for the owners to learn their language. Bird’s beak is used mainly for eating and grooming. But a bird may click his beak once as a greeting, and several clicks can be a warning. Birds may sometimes bite, but it is difficult to know the reason behind it—maybe they bite to show anger or express fear. Birds’ sound plays a very important role in communication. Singing is the sign of a happy bird, and many birds love to sing around others. They may also purr. Their purr sounds more like a low growl, and may indicate (暗示) annoyance. They also click tongues against their beaks, and this often indicates a desire to be picked up and petted. Besides, birds can lift or open wings as a sign of happiness. But if they start opening and closing their wings, it may signal anger or pain. If a bird lets their wings hang by their side, he may be ill. Healthy adult birds will typically tuck (收拢) their wings against their bodies when they are at rest. We can also read birds’ language by tail feathers. A bird may move his tail from side to side, which is called wagging, to express happiness. Happiness is also the emotion expressed by moving tails up and down. However, if a bird fans his tail feathers out, it usually shows anger or aggression. 1．What does the underlined word “beak” mean? A．Mouth. B．Foot. C．Ear. D．Chin. 2．Which is NOT a sign of happiness of birds? A．Singing. B．Clicking beaks several times. C．Lifting and opening wings. D．Moving tails up and down. 3．What may it signal when a bird starts opening and closing their wings? A．Annoyance. B．Happiness. C．Anger. D．Fear. 4．Which is NOT true according to the article? A．When birds are at rest, they will tuck their wings against their bodies. B．Birds’ purr may indicate they are annoyed. C．Birds usually fan their feathers out to show anger. D．Birds’ bites certainly mean they are in fear. 5．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a film review. B．In a science report. C．In a travel guide. D．In an art magazine. 15 ①Xu Jian is a visually impaired (视力受损的) woman in Shenzhen, Guangdong. For the past seven years, Xu’s guide dog Daimeng has been at her side at work and for everyday activities. ②Xu got the dog from the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian, Liaoning province, the first guide dog training center on the Chinese mainland. Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China. ③According to Wang Xin, a trainer in the center, 90 percent of the center’s guide dogs are Labradors, which are kind and smart. Once trainers find good guide baby dogs, the dogs need to take personality (性格) tests. A good guide dog should not be too curious (好奇的), excitable or shy as these personalities could cause problems during work, according to Wang. ④One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019. “Raising guide dogs is quite different from raising pet dogs,” said Sun. She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe. ⑤However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog, Wang added. Typically, guide dogs serve for six to 10 years. Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers. 1．In Paragraph 2, what can we know about the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian? A．Xu Jian set it up in 2006. B．Its services cover many areas. C．It only trains homeless dogs. D．It’s the largest center in China. 2．Which italic (斜体) word has the same meaning as the underlined word “raised” in Paragraph 4? A．They raised the money to buy food for old people. B．She raised her eyes from her work but said nothing. C．It was hard for the woman to raise four kids by herself. D．I really want to raise two important questions with you. 3．What can we learn about a guide dog from the passage? A．A guide dog needs to enjoy its role as a guide dog. B．A good guide dog should be excitable during work. C．It takes a trainer six to 10 years to train a guide dog. D．The trainer should take personality tests with a guide dog. 4．What will a guide dog become when it is old? A．A police helper. B．A volunteer. C．A pet. D．A trainer. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Guiding the way B．Enjoying hard work C．Explore the nature D．Living a simple life ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、阅读主题 Unit 4聚焦于动植物的重要性及与人的生活的联系。动植物在地球生态系统中各自扮演关键角色，与人类生活紧密交织，从提供基本生存资源，到影响生态平衡与人类精神世界，无处不在。例如，植物的光合作用产生人类呼吸必需的氧气，同时作为食物链底层，支撑整个食物网；动物不仅为人类提供食物、劳力，部分还成为人类情感陪伴的来源。理解这一主题，能帮助学生认识到保护动植物对人类生存与发展的重要意义，增强生态保护意识 。 1. 主题内涵：该主题探讨动植物在生态系统中的角色、对人类生活多方面的贡献，以及人类活动对它们的影响。植物通过光合作用制造氧气、提供食物与栖息地，是生态系统的基石；动物参与物质循环、控制物种数量，维持生态平衡。人类依赖动植物获取食物、衣物、药材等，同时，文化艺术领域也常从动植物获取灵感。例如，牛在农业社会长期作为耕地劳力，推动农业发展；梅花在中国文化中象征高洁品质，成为诗词绘画常见主题。 2. 素养体现：通过学习此主题，学生可提升多方面素养。在语言能力上，学会描述动植物特征、功能及与人类关系的词汇和句式，如 “Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis（植物通过光合作用产生氧气）”；思维品质方面，培养逻辑思维，分析动植物与人类相互依存关系，辩证看待人类活动对生态的影响；文化意识上，了解不同文化中动植物象征意义，拓宽文化视野；学习能力上，掌握阅读科普文章技巧，自主探索生态知识 。 3. 策略要求：阅读时，学生需运用略读把握文章大意，快速识别关于动植物重要性及与人类联系的核心观点；精读分析关键细节，理解复杂句子阐述的逻辑关系，如 “Animals, such as bees, play a crucial role in pollination, which is essential for the reproduction of many plants（像蜜蜂这样的动物在授粉中起着关键作用，这对许多植物的繁殖至关重要）”。同时，利用上下文猜测生词含义，借助图表辅助理解生态系统结构等抽象概念，构建知识框架，加深对主题理解 。 4. 文化品质：该主题蕴含丰富文化价值，能培养学生尊重自然、关爱生命的品质。认识到动植物是地球家园重要成员，人类应友善对待，避免过度开发与伤害。不同文化赋予动植物独特寓意，如西方文化中鸽子象征和平，学生理解这些可增强文化包容，树立全球生态保护意识，积极参与环保行动，践行人与自然和谐共生理念 。 二、词汇句式 1. 主题词汇 ①植物类：plant（植物）、tree（树）、flower（花）、grass（草）、leaf（叶子）、seed（种子）、root（根）、branch（树枝）、bark（树皮）、stem（茎）、crop（庄稼）、vegetable（蔬菜）、fruit（水果）、grain（谷物）、corn（玉米）、rice（水稻）、wheat（小麦）、bean（豆）、cabbage（卷心菜）、tomato（西红柿）、potato（土豆）、rose（玫瑰）、lily（百合）、sunflower（向日葵）、orchid（兰花）、bamboo（竹子）、pine（松树）、oak（橡树）、maple（枫树） ②动物类：animal（动物）、mammal（哺乳动物）、bird（鸟）、reptile（爬行动物）、amphibian（两栖动物）、fish（鱼）、insect（昆虫）、dog（狗）、cat（猫）、cow（奶牛）、sheep（羊）、pig（猪）、horse（马）、chicken（鸡）、duck（鸭）、goose（鹅）、elephant（大象）、tiger（老虎）、lion（狮子）、bear（熊）、monkey（猴子）、panda（熊猫）、kangaroo（袋鼠）、koala（考拉）、snake（蛇）、frog（青蛙）、butterfly（蝴蝶）、bee（蜜蜂）、ant（蚂蚁）、spider（蜘蛛）、whale（鲸鱼）、dolphin（海豚） ③关系与作用类：provide（提供）、supply（供给）、offer（给予）、produce（生产）、create（创造）、support（支持）、depend on（依赖）、rely on（依靠）、benefit（有益于）、be beneficial to（对……有益）、ecosystem（生态系统）、balance（平衡）、habitat（栖息地）、food chain（食物链）、pollination（授粉）、fertilization（受精）、oxygen（氧气）、carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）、photosynthesis（光合作用）、survive（生存）、exist（存在） 2. 主题句式 ①描述植物特征与作用 This kind of plant has large leaves which can absorb more sunlight. （这种植物有大叶子，能吸收更多阳光。） Plants are essential for our life as they produce oxygen. （植物对我们的生活至关重要，因为它们产生氧气。） The roots of the tree help to hold the soil in place. （树的根有助于固定土壤。） Flowers not only look beautiful but also play a role in plant reproduction. （花不仅看起来漂亮，还在植物繁殖中起作用。） Vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals that are good for our health. （蔬菜富含对我们健康有益的维生素和矿物质。） Fruit trees bear delicious fruits which are loved by people. （果树结出美味的果实，深受人们喜爱。） Grains are the main source of energy for many people around the world. （谷物是世界上许多人的主要能量来源。） ②描述动物特征与作用 Dogs are loyal animals and they can help people in many ways. （狗是忠诚的动物，它们能在很多方面帮助人们。） Birds can fly and they help to spread seeds as they move around. （鸟会飞，它们在移动过程中帮助传播种子。） Bees are important for pollination, which is necessary for plant growth. （蜜蜂对授粉很重要，这对植物生长是必要的。） Some animals, like cows and sheep, provide us with milk and wool. （一些动物，如牛和羊，为我们提供牛奶和羊毛。） Insects play various roles in the ecosystem, such as decomposing organic matter. （昆虫在生态系统中扮演着各种角色，如分解有机物。） Predatory animals help to control the population of other animals. （食肉动物有助于控制其他动物的数量。） Amphibians have a unique life cycle that involves living both in water and on land. （两栖动物有独特的生命周期，包括在水中和陆地上生活。） ③阐述动植物与人类关系 Humans depend on plants and animals for food, clothing, and shelter. （人类依赖动植物获取食物、衣物和住所。） We should protect plants and animals because they are crucial to the balance of the ecosystem. （我们应该保护动植物，因为它们对生态系统的平衡至关重要。） The relationship between humans and animals can be very close, like that between pet owners and their pets. （人类和动物之间的关系可以非常亲密，就像宠物主人和他们的宠物之间的关系。） Many traditional medicines are derived from plants and animals. （许多传统药物来源于动植物。） Our daily life is closely related to the existence of plants and animals. （我们的日常生活与动植物的存在密切相关。） Protecting the habitats of plants and animals is protecting our own living environment. （保护动植物的栖息地就是保护我们自己的生活环境。） The extinction of some plants and animals will have a negative impact on the entire ecosystem and human society. （一些动植物的灭绝将对整个生态系统和人类社会产生负面影响。） 三、策略提升 1. 预测分析 这一策略强调要充分借助标题、插图等信息来对文章内容进行合理推测。当我们看到标题 “Amazing Plants and Animals” 时，就可以基于此预判文章大概率会围绕动植物展开。具体而言，可能会深入介绍动植物那些令人惊叹的独特功能，例如某些植物的特殊防御机制，或是动物独特的捕食技巧；也可能会着重阐述它们在生态系统中的重要生态价值，像一些植物对维持水土的关键作用，以及某些动物在食物链中的关键地位等。 2. 推断理解 在阅读过程中，当遇到 “honeycombs”（蜂巢）“dance to communicate”（通过舞蹈交流）等词汇时，我们可以结合上下文进行合理推断。从 “honeycombs” 能推断出蜜蜂具有建造复杂结构用于储存食物和繁衍后代的能力；而 “dance to communicate” 则体现了蜜蜂独特的沟通方式，进而推断出它们的协作行为和生存智慧，比如通过舞蹈告知同伴花蜜的位置，这种高度协作的行为对于蜂群的生存和发展至关重要。 3.词义猜测 遇到生词，鼓励学生利用上下文线索猜测含义。在 “The deforestation has led to the loss of many animal habitats, making it difficult for them to survive（森林砍伐导致许多动物栖息地丧失，使它们难以生存）” 中，学生可根据 “森林砍伐”“动物难以生存” 推测 “habitats” 与动物生存空间有关，从而理解生词，保障阅读流畅性 。 5.总结归纳 阅读结束后，要求学生总结文章要点，梳理动植物重要性及与人类关系的关键信息，如以思维导图形式呈现植物提供食物、氧气，动物参与物质循环等内容，强化知识记忆，提升归纳概括与知识整合能力 。 6. 批判性思考 批判性思考要求我们深入分析作者的意图。以海龟保护项目的宣传文本为例，如果其中出现 “call on others to protect sea turtles”（呼吁他人保护海龟）这样的表述，我们就能明确作者撰写该文本的主要目的是呼吁公众参与到海龟保护行动中来。同时，我们还可以进一步思考作者采用了哪些手法来达成这一目的，比如是否运用了海龟生存现状的严峻数据，或是感人的海龟故事来引发读者的情感共鸣，从而增强呼吁的效果。 7. 文化对比 通过比较不同国家在环保措施方面的差异，能更好地理解不同文化背景下的生态保护策略。例如，将中国和挪威进行对比，挪威凭借其高福利政策，在环保方面可能侧重于利用充足的资金投入到科研监测、生态修复技术研发等方面；而中国则依靠大规模绿化工程，如“三北”防护林工程等，通过植树造林来改善生态环境，增加植被覆盖率，从而达到防风固沙、保持水土等生态保护目的。这种对比有助于我们从不同角度认识生态保护的多样性和复杂性。 核心知识回顾 与动植物及其重要性有关的常见语篇结构分析 一、语篇类型与结构 1. 说明文（Expository Text） 【语篇特点】 说明文主要以客观描述为核心，旨在清晰、准确地传达信息。它会借助具体的数据以及丰富的实例，对动植物所具备的生态功能进行详细解释。通过这种方式，让读者深入了解动植物在生态系统中扮演的重要角色。例如，在探讨蜜蜂对生态系统的影响时，会列举具体的数据说明蜜蜂授粉对植物繁衍的关键作用，以及实例展示蜜蜂在不同植物种类授粉过程中的独特方式。 【典型结构】 引言：通常以引人关注的现象或具有思考价值的问题作为切入点，巧妙地引出主题。比如，“What would happen if bees disappeared?”这样的问题，能够迅速吸引读者的注意力，激发他们对后续内容的兴趣，促使读者思考蜜蜂消失可能带来的一系列生态后果。 主体：在这部分，会分要点详细阐述动植物的具体作用。以蜜蜂为例，会着重介绍其授粉行为（pollination），这是蜜蜂对生态系统最关键的贡献之一，详细说明蜜蜂如何在花丛中穿梭，将花粉传播到不同花朵上，实现植物的繁衍。同时，还可能提及竹子的生态价值（ecological value），如竹子在保持水土、提供栖息地等方面的重要作用。 结论：此部分会强调保护的必要性，为增强说服力，常常引用科学研究成果或具体的数据。例如，“80% of plants depend on bees for pollination”，这一数据清晰地表明了蜜蜂在植物授粉过程中的不可或缺性，从而有力地论证了保护蜜蜂对于维护生态平衡的重要意义。 2. 议论文（Argumentative Text） 【语篇特点】 议论文的核心在于提出明确的观点，并通过合理的论证来支持这一观点。这类文章常见于讨论濒危物种保护或生态政策等话题，旨在通过严谨的逻辑推理和充分的论据，让读者接受作者的立场。 【典型结构】 论点：文章开篇就会明确表达作者的立场，如 “Protecting pandas is crucial for biodiversity”。这种明确的论点能够让读者迅速了解文章的核心观点，为后续的阅读和思考奠定基础。 论据：为了支持论点，会从经济、生态、文化等多个角度提供有力的支撑。以熊猫为例，作为 “伞护种”（umbrella species），它对整个生态系统的保护作用十分显著。从生态角度看，熊猫的栖息地为众多其他物种提供了生存空间；从经济角度，熊猫吸引大量游客，带动当地旅游业发展；从文化角度，熊猫是中国的文化象征，具有极高的文化价值。 反驳与结论：在论证过程中，会回应可能出现的反方观点，比如针对 “保护成本高” 这一观点进行分析和反驳。最后，再次重申立场，强化读者对作者观点的认同，使文章的论证更加完整和有力。 3. 记叙文（Narrative Text） 【语篇特点】 记叙文主要通过讲述故事或个人经历来传递环保理念。这种方式生动有趣，能够让读者更容易产生共鸣，从而更好地理解和接受环保信息。这类文章常见于讲述人物事迹或保护项目的过程。 【典型结构】 背景：首先会介绍故事发生的时间、地点以及涉及的人物，为整个故事搭建一个清晰的框架。例如，在讲述科学家追踪黑犀牛的故事时，会明确说明故事发生的特定区域以及参与追踪的科学家团队等信息，让读者对故事背景有清晰的认识。 发展：这部分主要描述在保护过程中遇到的挑战以及采取的行动。比如，“Footprint Identification Technique (FIT) 的应用”，详细说明科学家如何运用这种技术来追踪黑犀牛，克服追踪过程中的困难，展示保护工作的复杂性和科学性。 结局：故事的结尾会总结从中得到的启示，如 “Community involvement is key to conservation”，强调社区参与在保护工作中的关键作用，使读者从故事中汲取经验，更好地理解环保工作的多方面要素。 4. 科普文章（Scientific Articles） 【语篇特点】 科普文章的显著特点是紧密结合最新的研究成果，语言表达严谨且富含专业术语。这使得文章能够准确传达科学知识，满足读者对专业科学信息的需求。 【典型结构】 研究背景：会介绍相关研究的背景信息，如 “Bees' declining population in North America”，说明研究蜜蜂数量下降这一现象的背景和重要性，让读者了解为什么要进行该项研究。 方法与结果：详细介绍实验过程或数据收集的方法，如 “tracking rhinos via footprints”，展示研究的科学性和严谨性。同时，阐述通过这些方法所得到的研究结果，为后续的讨论提供依据。 讨论与建议：基于研究结果，提出针对性的解决方案，如 “No Mow May 运动”。这部分不仅是对研究的总结，更是为实际的环保行动提供指导和方向，使研究成果能够应用于现实的生态保护工作中。 二、语篇主题与表达 1. 核心主题 ①生态价值：动植物对于维持整个生态系统的平衡起着至关重要的作用。以蜜蜂为例，“Bees are essential for plant reproduction”，蜜蜂在植物繁衍过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色，它们通过传播花粉，使得众多植物能够顺利完成授粉过程，进而开花结果，维持植物种群的延续，这对于整个生态链的稳定至关重要。 ②经济与文化意义：动植物不仅在经济层面为人类提供了丰富的资源，在文化领域也有着深刻的象征意义。例如，“Bamboo is used in construction and art”，竹子在建筑领域，因其坚固且轻便的特性，常被用于搭建各类建筑结构；在艺术领域，它更是被艺术家们赋予了独特的文化内涵，广泛应用于竹编、竹雕等艺术创作中。同时，许多动植物还为人类提供了食物与药物来源，是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础。 ③人类责任：保护动植物是实现可持续发展的根本基石。正如 “We must take action to prevent extinction” 所表达的，动植物的生存现状直接关系到地球生态系统的稳定与人类社会的长远发展。一旦某些物种灭绝，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，破坏生态平衡，进而影响人类的生存环境。因此，人类有责任采取积极有效的行动，保护动植物的生存空间与繁衍环境。 2. 高频表达 ①强调重要性：通过一些具体的数据和形象的描述，能够更深刻地强调动植物的重要性。比如 “Without bees, 80% of plants cannot grow.”，这表明蜜蜂对于植物生长的影响程度极高，若蜜蜂数量大幅减少，将会严重影响众多植物的生长与繁衍，进而影响整个生态系统的平衡。又如 “Plants and animals play a vital role in our ecosystem.”，明确指出动植物在生态系统中处于关键地位，它们相互依存、相互影响，共同构建了生态系统的复杂网络。 ②对比结构：运用对比结构可以更清晰地呈现不同环境或物种状态之间的差异。像 “The air in the countryside is fresher than in the city.”，鲜明地对比出乡村和城市空气质量的不同，凸显出自然环境对于空气净化的重要作用。而 “Pandas are becoming fewer in number due to habitat loss.” 则阐述了因栖息地丧失这一关键因素，导致熊猫数量逐渐减少的现状，让人们更直观地认识到生态环境变化对物种生存的影响。 ③建议与呼吁：为了更好地保护动植物及其生态环境，我们可以通过一些具体的行动建议来唤起人们的保护意识。例如 “We should protect endangered species by creating reserves.”，创建保护区是一种行之有效的保护手段，能够为濒危物种提供相对安全的生存空间，促进其繁衍。又如 “Let’s join the No Mow May movement to help bees.”，“五月不割草” 运动为蜜蜂创造了更多的觅食和栖息机会，鼓励大家积极参与此类活动，共同为保护蜜蜂等有益生物贡献力量。 综合实战演练 1 Weight: 5—9kg Length: 45—65 cm Average lifespan (平均寿命) in the world: 8 years Diet: bamboo, acorns, insects, fruit, eggs In September, besides the red leaves, there are also red pandas in the forests. Every year, the third Saturday in September marks International Red Panda Day. The red panda is tiny compared to (与……相比) the black and white giant panda. These pandas usually grow to the size of a house cat. The pandas use their tails as blankets (毯子) in the mountains. They live alone, mainly active at night, and are mostly inactive during the day. Why are they in danger? 1. Hunting 2. Loss of living areas 3. Limited food supply (有限的食物供给) 4. Predators (天敌) 1．When is the International Red Panda Day? A．The second Saturday in September. B．The third Saturday in September. C．The second Sunday in September. D．The third Sunday in September. 2．What food do red pandas Not eat? A．Acorns B．Insects. C．Meat. D．Eggs. 3．How many reasons are there for red pandas in danger? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．Where can we probably read the passage? A．In a diary. B．In a science magazine. C．In a health report. D．In a history book. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了小熊猫的基本信息，包括体重、长度、平均寿命、食物等，并提到了“小熊猫正面临的威胁”以及“国际小熊猫日”的时间。 1．细节理解题。根据“Every year, the third Saturday in September marks International Red Panda Day.”可知国际小熊猫日是在九月的第三个周六。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Diet: bamboo, acorns, insects, fruit, eggs”可知，文本列出了小熊猫所吃的食物有竹子、橡子、昆虫、水果和蛋，因此它们不吃肉。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Why are they in danger? 1. Hunting 2. Loss of living areas 3. Limited food supply 4. Predators”可知，列举了四个导致小熊猫濒危的原因：捕猎、生存区域丧失、食物供应有限、天敌。故选C。 4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了国际小熊猫日、小熊猫的相关情况及它们濒危的原因，故文章可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选B。 2 China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system (国家重点保护系统) by 2025. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局) said that part of China’s achievements in protecting wild animals is setting wild animals into nature reserves (保护区) after human breeding (繁殖). It’s said that nine milu deer (麋鹿) recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. They’re babies of the milu deer, or Pere David’s deer, who were set into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu Province. According to a report, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses. There are now around 10,000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski’s horses. As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from about 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864. The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period. China plans to continue protecting the wild animals—including giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards. At the same time, the government has made more efforts to stop unlawful trading (非法交易) in wildlife. This greatly helps with the increase of wild animals. 1．What does the underlined word “its” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代的是)? A．Germany’s. B．China’s. C．France’s. D．Japan’s. 2．What was the population of the giant pandas in the 1980s? A．About 120. B．About 700. C．About 1,864. D．About 1,114. 3．What do we know about milu deer from the passage? A．Milu deer once disappeared in the wild. B．Nine milu deer were set into the wild in November. C．75 percent of milu deer are being protected by the nation. D．Human breeding makes no differences to their population increase. 4．What has China done to protect wild animals in this passage? A．Build more zoos. B．Plant more trees. C．Take up human breeding. D．Stop unlawful trading in wildlife. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Human Breeding B．Animal Habits C．Wildlife Protection D．Endangered Animals 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 【解析】本文主要讲述了中国保护野生动物的努力和成就。 1．词句猜测题。根据“China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system (国家重点保护系统) by 2025.”可知，首段主语为“China”，后接“its wild animals”，因此“its”指代China’s。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from about 1,114 in the 1980s to 1,864.”可知，20世纪80年代大熊猫的数量约为1,114只。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski’s horses.”可知，人类的繁殖已经帮助增加了一些以前在野外消失的动物种类的数量，比如麋鹿和普氏野马，因此麋鹿曾经在野外绝迹。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“At the same time, the government has made more efforts to stop unlawful trading (非法交易) in wildlife.”可知，中国采取了制止野生动物非法交易的措施来保护野生动物。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国保护野生动物的努力和成就，因此C项“野生动物保护”适合作标题。故选C。 3 Come and enjoy an underwater world at the City Aquarium (水族馆)! There are hundreds of wonderful sea animals for you to see! Sharks appeared on our earth many years ago. In most people’s eyes, they are dangerous. Some of them are big, and some are small. Don’t miss the shark feeding in our aquarium every day at 3 p. m. Most penguins come from the Southern hemisphere (南半球), and some of them live in one of the coldest places on the earth: Antarctica (南极洲). See them playing and swimming in the icy water! Turtles showed on the earth about 200 million years ago. But today, some kinds of sea turtles are in great danger because of hunters or plastic (猎人或塑料) in the sea. Come and see these beautiful sea animals. Corals are not plants or rocks—they’re animals! Coral reefs can live for hundreds of years. They were born with the help of corals. They are home to many kinds of tropical (热带的) fish. Turtles also live there. Come and enjoy this colorful and exciting world! Opening hours We’re open from 10 a. m. to 6 p. m. on weekdays and from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. on weekends.Tickets Adults (成人): $10        Children: $5 1．Which kind of sea animals can help provide the house for animals to live in? A．Sharks. B．Corals. C．Penguins. D．Turtles. 2．How long is the City Aquarium open on Saturday? A．For ten hours. B．For eight hours. C．For nine hours. D．For seven hours. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．All sharks are large. B．Penguins usually live with other animals. C．Coral reefs can only live on earth for ten years. D．There are fewer turtles now. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了城市水族馆的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“Corals are not plants or rocks—they’re animals! Coral reefs can live for hundreds of years. They were born with the help of corals. They are home to many kinds of tropical (热带的) fish.”可知，珊瑚礁可以为动物提供居住的房子。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“We’re open from 10 a. m. to 6 p. m. on weekdays and from 10 a. m. to 7 p. m. on weekends.”可知，周末开放时间为上午10点到晚上7点，共9个小时。故选C。 3． 细节理解题。根据“But today, some kinds of sea turtles are in great danger because of hunters or plastic (猎人或塑料) in the sea.”可知，现在海龟越来越少了。故选D。 4 Cheetahs (猎豹) and other wild cats (大型猫科动物) are in danger of dying out because they have few places to live and people hunt (猎杀) them. Can we help these wild cats in danger? Wildlife scientists hope so. They are trying to protect the wild cats by letting people know about their situation and thinking out some ways to keep them safe. Cheetahs are the world’s fastest land animals. Most cheetahs live in Africa. In the past 100 years, the number of cheetahs living in the wild has changed from 100 000 to fewer than 12 000. Good news for cheetahs at the Saint Louis Zoo! Three baby cheetahs that were born in November are growing up at the Saint Louis Zoo in Missouri. “The babies do well,” the zoo’s worker, Steve, said. “They are very active and playing with each other or with their mom.” By raising baby cheetahs, the zoo is working to save cheetahs from dying out. The zoo is also helping protect cheetahs in the wild. “We want children to know that cheetahs are in danger,” said Steve. “It is important to protect their living places.” 1．Why are cheetahs and other wild cats in danger of dying out? A．Because they have few places to live and people hunt them. B．Because they are easy to be ill. C．Because they have nothing to eat. D．Because people send them into the zoo. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about cheetahs? A．Most cheetahs live in Africa. B．They are the world’s fastest animals. C．They are in danger because of the weather. D．There are about 100 000 of them in the wild now. 3．What does the underlined word “They” here refer to? A．The workers. B．The scientists. C．Mom cheetahs. D．Baby cheetahs. 4．How does the Saint Louis Zoo in Missouri help cheetahs? A．By raising baby cheetahs. B．By making laws to keep them safe. C．By sending baby cheetahs into the wild. D．By building more and more houses for them. 5．What is the writer’s purpose? A．To tell us the number of cheetahs. B．To tell us about a zoo with cheetahs. C．To tell us the situation about cheetahs. D．To encourage us to do something for the zoo. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文主要讲猎豹等动物处境危险，科学家及动物园正在想办法保护它们。 1．细节理解题。根据“Cheetahs (猎豹) and other wild cats (大型猫科动物) are in danger of dying out because they have few places to live and people hunt (猎杀) them.”可知，猎豹和其它大型猫科动物有灭绝的危险，是因为它们几乎没有地方住，人们也在猎杀它们。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most cheetahs live in Africa.”可知大部分猎豹居住在非洲，A项正确，故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“‘The babies do well,’ the zoo’s worker, Steve, said. ‘They are very active and playing with each other or with their mom.’”可知是猎豹宝宝们很活跃，它们一起玩或者和妈妈一起玩。故“they”指猎豹宝宝。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“By raising baby cheetahs, the zoo is working to save cheetahs from dying out.”可知动物园是通过抚养猎豹宝宝来帮助猎豹的。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要讲猎豹等动物处境危险及动物园目前所做的保护猎豹的事情，C项“告诉我们有关猎豹的情况”符合。故选C。 5 On November 25th, 2023, a Sumatran rhino (苏门答腊犀牛) named Delilah gave birth to a baby rhino at a sanctuary (动物保护区) in Indonesia. The baby rhino weighed (重量是……) 25 kilograms and it is a boy. This was the second baby Sumatran rhino born in Indonesia last year. It’s exciting news because there are only a few Sumatran rhinos in the world, less than 50! Sumatran rhinos used to live in many places, but now they only live on Sumatra. The rhinos are in great danger because their homes in the forests are getting destroyed. They are losing their homes. And some people kill them for their horns (角) to make make money. To save Sumatran rhinos, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is fighting to stop bad people from hurting the rhinos. They also help them live and have babies in a sanctuary. For us, we can ________ too! Don’t buy things made of rhino horns. And tell more people about this: The animal should live on the earth, because the earth is also their home. We hope everyone can do something to help them and one day more Sumatran rhinos will live happily in this world. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．The baby rhino is a girl. B．Delilah weighs 25 kilograms. C．Delilah had a baby rhino last year. D．The baby rhino was the only one born in Indonesia last year. 2．Why does the writer start the passage with the news? A．To show his love for Sumatran rhinos. B．To get people interested in Sumatran rhinos. C．To give more information about the sanctuary. D．To have people do something for the sanctuary. 3．What does the underlined part “are getting destroyed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese? A．被翻修 B．被破坏 C．被控制 D．被装饰 4．What’s the best word for “________” in the last paragraph? A．wait B．laugh C．notice D．help 5．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To advise us to protect Sumatran rhinos. B．To tell us exciting news about Sumatra rhinos. C．To advise us to join WWF and help more animals. D．To tell us an interesting story about Sumatran rhinos. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了苏门答腊犀牛的现状以及保护它们的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“On November 25th, 2023, a Sumatran rhino (苏门答腊犀牛) named Delilah gave birth to a baby rhino at a sanctuary (动物保护区) in Indonesia.”可知，Delilah去年生了一只犀牛宝宝。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“It’s exciting news because there are only a few Sumatran rhinos in the world, less than 50!”可知，作者通过这则新闻引起人们对苏门答腊犀牛的兴趣。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They are losing their homes.”可知，它们正在失去它们的家园，说明它们的家园正在被破坏。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“Don’t buy things made of rhino horns. And tell more people about this: The animal should live on the earth, because the earth is also their home”可知，我们也可以做一些事情来帮助犀牛，因此空处填help“帮助”符合。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据“We hope everyone can do something to help them and one day more Sumatran rhinos will live happily in this world.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了苏门答腊犀牛的现状以及保护它们的重要性。旨在呼吁人们关注和保护这一濒危物种。故选A。 6 Koalas are cute and easy to recognize, with fluffy (毛茸茸的) ears and a large, spoon-shaped nose. They’re popular with people. They were common across Australia before, but the last 200 years haven’t been good for them. Their forests have been cut down and burnt in fires. Now, koalas are endangered, so it’s necessary to make sure how many koalas there are by counting them in different areas. This information can be used to find out where help is most needed. Then it’ll become much easier to protect them and their homes. HOW TO COUNT KOALASWe can count koalas in different ways, such as: ·walking around and looking from the ground ·sending up drones to look from the sky ·recording koala calls ·using trained dogs HELP COUNT KOALAS! YOU WILL NEED · A smartphone · Walking shoes, a hat and a backpack · Binoculars (望远镜) Safety: Ask parents before you go into the forest. When you are outdoors, remember to be sun safe with a hat. WHAT TO DO TO COUNT KOALAS · Fill in your personal information in Koala Spotter (an app). · Go out to the forest and search for koalas. Look up carefully in the trees. · Report any koala sightings in the app. · Remember to record when you don’t see a koala. 1．Why is it necessary to count koalas? A．Because they are easy to recognize. B．Because they are common across Australia. C．Because people love them so much. D．Because their population information is helpful. 2．Which of the following is NOT needed to count koalas? A．A hat. B．A watch. C．A smartphone. D．A backpack. 3．Who is the passage most probably written for? A．Teenagers. B．Workers. C．Teachers. D．Keepers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【解析】本文介绍了深受人们欢迎的考拉处于危险之中，因此需要统计不同地区的考拉数量来确保考拉的安全。文章介绍了如何数考拉的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据“Now, koalas are endangered, so it’s necessary to make sure how many koalas there are by counting them in different areas. This information can be used to find out where help is most needed. Then it’ll become much easier to protect them and their homes.”可知，通过计算考拉的数量来弄清楚哪里最需要帮助，从而保护考拉和它们的家园，说明考拉的数量信息是有用的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“HELP COUNT KOALAS! YOU WILL NEED ·A smartphone ·Walking shoes, a hat and a backpack ·Binoculars (望远镜)”可知，帮忙数考拉的数量时，需要带智能手机、步行鞋、帽子、背包和望远镜，没有提到手表。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Safety: Ask parents before you go into the forest.”可知，进入森林前需要先询问父母，故文章是写给青少年的。故选A。 7 ①Fighting fish (斗鱼) are known for their bright colors. They are popular among many people and they love to keep them as pets. With good care, fighting fish live three to five years, but some are known to live up to ten years. If you want to take good care of your fighting fish, you should give them a comfortable home. What is their comfortable home like? Just read on. ②A fish tank (鱼缸) that holds at least 11 liters of water is a good choice. Some people buy a 9-liter tank for fighting fish. In fact, I think larger tanks are better. That’s because larger tanks provide more space for fish. ③You can put small rocks or sand at the bottom of the tank. A few centimeters is enough. You should clean the rocks or sand with running water before adding them to the tank. It’s not a wise idea to use soap to clean them. ④The tank needs a filter (过滤器). The filter is useful and it can make the water clean. The fish that are kept without filters will die soon. That’s because the water in the tank will get dirty and unhealthy. If you want the fighting fish to stay healthy, you should raise them in a tank with a filter. Choose a filter that is the right size for the tank. ⑤The tank needs a heater (加热器) and it can make your fish in good condition. These fighting fish prefer warmer water. The best water temperature is usually between 24°C and 28°C． Pet stores usually sell all kinds of heaters for fish. You can choose the right size for your tank. 1．According to the passage, what don’t you need to put in a tank if you want to keep fighting fish? A．Sea grass. B．Small rocks. C．A filter. D．A heater. 2．Why does the writer mention “water temperature” in the passage? A．Because fighting fish can’t live in very cold water. B．Because fighting fish can lay eggs in warm water. C．Because the writer wants to tell us the importance of a filter. D．Because the writer wants to tell us how important a heater is. 3．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 …) A．①//②③④//⑤ B．①//②③④⑤ C．①//②③//④//⑤ D．①//②③④//⑤ 4．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To share the pleasure of keeping fighting fish. B．To tell us how to choose the best fighting fish. C．To explain that it’s not easy to keep fighting fish. D．To tell us how to prepare a comfortable home for fighting fish. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何为斗鱼准备一个舒适的家。 1．细节理解题。根据“You can put small rocks or sand at the bottom of the tank.”“The tank needs a filter (过滤器).”“The tank needs a heater (加热器)”可知，养斗鱼需要把小岩石、过滤器和加热器放进鱼缸里，没有提到海草。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“These fighting fish prefer warmer water. The best water temperature is usually between 24°C and 28°C.”可知，斗鱼喜欢温暖的水，最佳水温通常在24°C至28°C之间，所以需要用到加热器，提到“最佳水温”是为了告诉我们加热器有多重要。故选D。 3．篇章结构题。第①段介绍了斗鱼，并引出话题——如何为斗鱼准备一个舒适的家；第②③④⑤段分别从鱼缸大小、在缸底放小石头或沙子、使用过滤器和加热器四个方面介绍了如何为斗鱼准备一个舒适的家。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“What is their comfortable home like? Just read on.”并结合全文可知，本文目的是告诉我们如何为斗鱼准备一个舒适的家。故选D。 8 Wu Junhui, a 25-year-old game designer in Chengdu, loves his three parrots. Every day when he gets home, he lets them out, calls their names and watches them landing on his hands. He used to like cats but fell in love with birds after a friend gave him one. In China, bird-keeping was usually for the elderly in the past. But now more and more young people are keeping birds as pets. Parrots, especially parakeets and cockatiels, are the top choices. Cost is an important reason for this. On Taobao, a small parakeet costs as little as 40 yuan. Birds are also cheap to feed. Their food is usually a mix of corn, vegetables and fruits. “I used to spend about 1,500 yuan on a-three-month supply of food for my four cats, but a three-month bill for my three birds is less than 20 yuan,” said Wu. “It’s much cheaper than keeping cats.” Wu finds parrots to be his perfect friends. “If I let the birds out, they’ll always stay close to me,” he said. “They stand on my shoulder when I watch TV. When I’m feeling a little down, I stroke (轻抚) them, and that cheers me up.” ▲Parrots get sick easily because of their small size and fast metabolism (新陈代谢). What’s worse, vets (兽医) are often hard to find. Sun Huicong, a teacher in Foshan, knows this well. Earlier this year, his parrot “Facai” had difficulty laying an egg. The operation and trip to the vet in Guangzhou were costly and took time. But Sun was glad that Facai got better quickly after receiving help in time. After all, not all bird lovers can count on this. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．What do parrots look like? B．Why did Wu Junhui like cats? C．How many cats did Wu Junhui keep? D．How much does Wu Junhui love parrots? 2．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Only old people kept birds in the past. B．Parrots are the best choices for bird lovers. C．There are many kinds of birds in the market. D．Keeping birds are more and more popular with young people. 3．Which of the following can be the best to fill in“ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．But owning birds also need some care. B．So owning birds is easy and interesting. C．So more people now choose to own birds. D．However, bird owners also have problems. 4．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Cats or birds B．Wu Junhui’s lovely parrots C．The ups and downs of keeping birds D．The cost advantage of having birds 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章以吴俊辉和他的鹦鹉为例，探讨了养鸟在中国年轻人中的流行趋势、成本优势以及可能遇到的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“Wu Junhui, a 25-year-old game designer in Chengdu, loves his three parrots.”可知，这段内容主要讲述了吴俊辉对鹦鹉的喜爱程度。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“In China, bird-keeping was usually for the elderly in the past. But now more and more young people are keeping birds as pets.”和“Cost is an important reason for this.”可知，“this”指的是前一句提到的“越来越多的年轻人养鸟”这一趋势。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Parrots get sick easily because of their small size and fast metabolism. What’s worse, vets are often hard to find.”可知，鹦鹉因为体型小和代谢快容易生病，兽医很难找到。这暗示了养鸟虽然有其乐趣和成本优势，但也有一些问题。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了养鸟的趋势、成本优势以及可能遇到的问题。所以选项C“The ups and downs of keeping birds”是最合适的题目。故选C。 9 Traveling Elephants A herd of wild Asian elephants traveled 500 kilometers after leaving Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province. After a stop in Kunming, 15 of them lived in Yuxi city. And they continued to travel slowly to their wonderland. At the beginning, there were 17 elephants, including one born during the journey. Two males have broken from the group and headed in different directions. Many people have asked why the teenage male decided to leave. Shen Qingzhong, who has researched wild Asian elephants for more than thirty years, the chief engineer at Xishuangbanna National Natural Reserve, said, “The elephants are ‘rebelling’. It is similar to young people reaching youth and disobeying their parents.” Shen Qingzhong said after years of observation he has found that male elephants increasingly leave from a herd to look for mates after they are 6 years old. The elephants which are rebelling are about 10 years old. They just don’t want to stay with their parents and want to go out! They will increasingly go home after 14 years old. The IQ of an elephant at birth is that of a 1-year-old baby. When the animal reaches adulthood, its IQ is similar to or even higher than that of a 5-year-old child. A baby elephant can stand up minutes after being born and can walk with its mother about two hours later. It will join its mother to bathe in rivers and lakes about a week after being born. Chen Mingyong, a science professor at Yunnan University, said, the herd moved slowly. One possible reason is that they were waiting for the straying male to return. 1．How many elephants left Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve at the very beginning? A．14. B．15. C．16. D．17. 2．Who has researched wild Asian elephants for more than thirty years? A．The writer. B．Shen Qingzhong. C．Chen Mingyong. D．Shen Qingzhong’s brother. 3．What does the underlined word “rebelling” mean in Paragraph 3? A．强壮的 B．聪明的 C．勇敢的 D．叛逆的 4．When is an elephant’s IQ similar to or even higher than that of a 5-year-old child? A．When an elephant is at birth. B．When an elephant reaches adulthood. C．When an elephant can walk with its mother. D．When an elephant joins its mother to bathe in rivers and lakes. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文围绕一群野生亚洲象离开云南西双版纳国家级自然保护区后的迁徙展开，介绍象群数量变化、青少年雄象离群原因（类似人类青春期叛逆 ）、大象不同成长阶段智商及象群迁徙缓慢的可能缘由。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the beginning, there were 17 elephants…”可知，最初离开保护区的大象数量是16头，有一头是路途中出生的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Shen Qingzhong, who has researched wild Asian elephants for more than thirty years…”可知，研究野生亚洲象超三十年的是Shen Qingzhong，故选B。 3．词义猜测题。结合后文“similar to young people reaching youth and disobeying their parents”可知，类似人类青春期叛逆、不听父母话 ，可推测rebelling意为“叛逆的”，故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“When the animal reaches adulthood, its IQ is similar to or even higher than that of a 5-year-old child.”可知，大象成年后智商类似甚至高于5岁儿童，故选B。 10 There are about 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings and others are as small as rice. Plants play an important part in nature because they give out oxygen (氧气) for breathing. What is a plant? Most people can easily tell the differences between an animal and a plant. Animals can move around, but plants can’t. Animals get food from the outside world, but plants make their own food by photosynthesis (光合作用). Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves. Animals reproduce by having babies. Most plants do this by growing flowers and making seeds. All plants need energy to stay alive and grow, and they get it from sunlight instead of food. How does a plant grow? Most animals grow in a certain way, and DNA plays an important part in their growth. That is to say, even when they are small, it’s easy to know what they will look like after they grow up. Plants are different. Their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around. 1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提及) in Paragraph 1? A．The number of plants. B．The sizes of plants. C．The importance of plants. D．Different parts of plants. 2．How does the writer describe the plants in Paragraph 2? A．By comparing (比较). B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By telling stories. 3．What does the underlined word “reproduce” mean in Chinese? A．狩猎 B．进化 C．繁衍 D．迁徙 4．What can we know about plants from the text? A．Flowers and seeds are the most important parts of a plant. B．Plants and animals grow in the same way. C．Environment can change the plants’ DNA． D．Environment is important to the final shape of plants. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Different Kinds of Plants B．The Plant World C．Plants and Animals D．Plants in Danger 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了植物的种类、大小、重要性、生长方式以及植物与动物的区别。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are about 400,000 kinds of plants on Earth. Some plants are as big as tall buildings and others are as small as rice. Plants play an important part in nature because they give out oxygen (氧气) for breathing.”可知，第一段提到了植物的数量、大小和重要性，但没有提到植物的不同部分。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Most people can easily tell the differences between an animal and a plant.”可知，作者通过比较植物和动物的不同来描述植物。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Animals reproduce by having babies.”可知，是指动物通过生孩子来繁衍，划线单词表示“繁衍”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Their final shape also depends on where they live. For example, a tree can be big and round if it grows up in an open space, but much taller and thinner if it grows in the woods with other trees all around.”可知，环境对植物的最终形状有重要影响。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了植物的种类、大小、重要性、生长方式以及植物与动物的区别，因此“植物世界”为最佳标题。故选B。 11 The spring season (季节) brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to enjoy. For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps. Ramps are a wild (野生的) plant in the eastern mountains of North America. They are one of the first plants that grow in spring, usually between April and May. They can be easily found through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste, similar to onions. , but they have a long history in the United States. In the Mountains, ramps have been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the local people. However, over the last 30 years, the popularity (流行) of ramps has grown quickly. Many nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D．C． want them very much. One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms. Most restaurants get them from people who collect ramps by searching forests for some small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity. And their popularity could cause their disappearance (消失) from the earth. In 1995, the local government (当地政府) in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to restaurants in order to protect the plant against being over-dug. The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time to have a taste of ramps yourself. 1．______ is probably the picture of a ramp. A． B． C． D． 2．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to (指的是) ______. A．ramp collectors B．ramps C．customers D．restaurants 3．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ______? A．Experts say that ramps were in great danger B．Ramps are not as famous as other vegetables C．It cost more to grow ramps than others D．The government wanted to make money 4．The best title of this passage may be “________”. A．Ramps can be found in spring B．Don’t dig too many ramps C．Ramp—a popular wild plant D．Restaurants want ramps 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北美东部山区的一种野生植物——野葱，包括它的生长季节、特点、历史、流行原因以及可能面临的消失风险。 1．细节理解题。根据“They can be easily found through their long red stem (茎), and long leaves.”可知，它们可以通过长长的红色茎和长叶子被轻易找到，所以野葱的特点是长红色茎和长叶子。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“One reason for their popularity is that they grow in the wild.”可知，它们受欢迎的一个原因是它们在野外生长。“they”指的是文章介绍的对象——野葱。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“..., but they have a long history in the United States.”可知，前后句是转折关系，B选项“野葱不像其他蔬菜那样有名”符合语境，与后一句“但是在美国有悠久的历史”形成转折。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了野葱的特点、历史、流行原因以及可能面临的消失风险，因此最佳标题“野葱——一种受欢迎的野生植物”。故选C。 12 Green School Project Purposes ●Know the importance of the trees. ●Learn how to properly (正确地) plant trees. ●Learn how to work with classmates. Tasks ●Attend lessons Know the steps of tree planting with your group members. ●Choose a tree expert (专家) Miss Smith or Miss Jones can give you advice. ●Decide the planting area and the trees Keep gas lines (天然气管道) away from the area and make sure the soil is good for planting. Consider the kinds and the number of trees to plant. ●Plant and take care of the trees Work in a group of four and take right tools for planting. Water properly and clear grass around the trees. 1．Which is the purpose of the Green School Project? A．To make good use of trees. B．To learn how to plant trees. C．To work with parents well. D．To collect news about trees. 2．How many tasks are there for students? A．Four. B．Three. C．Two. D．One. 3．What should you do when you join the Green School Project? A．Give lessons about tree planting. B．Keep grass growing around the trees. C．Choose a planting area with gas lines. D．Work with another three classmates. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“绿色学校项目”的目的和具体任务。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Purpose部分第二条“Learn how to properly plant trees”可知，项目目的之一是学习正确种植树木。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Tasks部分列举的“Attend lessons”、 “Choose a tree expert”、“Decide the planting area and the trees”、“Plant and take care of the trees”可知，共有4个任务。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章Tasks部分最后一条“Work in a group of four”可知，参与项目需与三名同学合作。故选D。 13 As more Americans try to have healthy lifestyles and protect the environment, the idea of growing their own food has become popular among city people. Not long ago, a city gardening meeting, Rooting DC, took place in Washington, D．C． Many organizations and people got together to support the food movement. Katie, one of the main organizers of Rooting DC, says people can get free seeds if they take part in the one-day gardening meeting. According to Katie, the aim of Rooting D．C． is to teach people gardening and develop more gardens all across the city. Katie says, “People realize that gardening is a way to bring healthy foods into their lives. They become interested in gardening because of that. Growing worry about the environment has also worked. We not only grow food, but protect the environment through gardening.” Several organizations that encourage school children to grow fruits and vegetables in healthy ways also ran classes at Rooting D．C． Scott, a college student, who came with his friends, says, “I am really interested in gardening. Certainly I know how to find local food, but I want to grow the food on my own and encourage others to do so.” Ann came to get information for her daughter. “We started a garden together at the school. I need to find out more resources to support school gardens.” Brian, a computer teacher, says gardening is a hobby that he can enjoy with his friends. “I am looking forward to getting some seeds since I need new seeds to exchange with my friends. We’d like to see different plants grow in our gardens.” The organizers hope that city gardening can become more and more popular not only in their area but also around the country and even across the world. 1．Not long ago, a city gardening meeting took place in ________. A．America B．the Garden C．Rooting DC D．Washington, D．C． 2．________ is one of the main organizers of Rooting DC． A．Katie B．Ann C．Brian D．Scott 3．Katie says the aim of Rooting D．C． is to teach people ________ all across the city. A．Meeting B．to get free seeds C．Gardening D．to eat food 4．People become interested in gardening because they can get ________ into their lives. A．free seeds B．healthy foods C．fruits D．vegetables 5．Several organizations encourage school children ________. A．to grow their own food B．to run classes C．to organize meetings D．to get information 6．Brian is looking forward to getting some seeds because he wants ________. A．to plant these seeds in his garden B．to get new fruits and vegetables C．to exchange them with his friends. D．to encourage others to sell these seeds 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国华盛顿特区举办的Rooting DC城市园艺会议通过教育推广、资源支持等方式推动城市居民自种食物，促进健康饮食与环保结合。 1．细节题解题。根据第一段第2句“Not long ago, a city gardening meeting, Rooting DC, took place in Washington, D.C.”可知，会议地点为华盛顿特区。故选 ​D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第1句“Katie, one of the main organizers of Rooting DC...”可知，Katie是主要组织者。故选 ​A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段第2句“the aim of Rooting D.C. is to teach people gardening...”可知，目标是教授人们园艺。故选 ​C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段第1句“People realize that gardening is a way to bring healthy foods into their lives.”可知，人们通过园艺可以获取健康食物。故选 ​B。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段第1句“Several organizations that encourage school children to grow fruits and vegetables...”可知，鼓励学生自己种植食物。故选 ​A。 6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第2句“I need new seeds to exchange with my friends.”可知，Brian希望与朋友交换种子。故选 ​C。 14 Birds are becoming popular as pets. To set up a better relationship with pet birds, it’s important for the owners to learn their language. Bird’s beak is used mainly for eating and grooming. But a bird may click his beak once as a greeting, and several clicks can be a warning. Birds may sometimes bite, but it is difficult to know the reason behind it—maybe they bite to show anger or express fear. Birds’ sound plays a very important role in communication. Singing is the sign of a happy bird, and many birds love to sing around others. They may also purr. Their purr sounds more like a low growl, and may indicate (暗示) annoyance. They also click tongues against their beaks, and this often indicates a desire to be picked up and petted. Besides, birds can lift or open wings as a sign of happiness. But if they start opening and closing their wings, it may signal anger or pain. If a bird lets their wings hang by their side, he may be ill. Healthy adult birds will typically tuck (收拢) their wings against their bodies when they are at rest. We can also read birds’ language by tail feathers. A bird may move his tail from side to side, which is called wagging, to express happiness. Happiness is also the emotion expressed by moving tails up and down. However, if a bird fans his tail feathers out, it usually shows anger or aggression. 1．What does the underlined word “beak” mean? A．Mouth. B．Foot. C．Ear. D．Chin. 2．Which is NOT a sign of happiness of birds? A．Singing. B．Clicking beaks several times. C．Lifting and opening wings. D．Moving tails up and down. 3．What may it signal when a bird starts opening and closing their wings? A．Annoyance. B．Happiness. C．Anger. D．Fear. 4．Which is NOT true according to the article? A．When birds are at rest, they will tuck their wings against their bodies. B．Birds’ purr may indicate they are annoyed. C．Birds usually fan their feathers out to show anger. D．Birds’ bites certainly mean they are in fear. 5．Where can we probably find the passage? A．In a film review. B．In a science report. C．In a travel guide. D．In an art magazine. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 【解析】本文讲述了如何通过观察鸟类的行为、声音和身体语言来理解它们的情绪和需求，从而与宠物鸟建立更好的关系。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Bird’s beak is used mainly for eating and grooming”可知，鸟的beak主要用于进食和梳理羽毛，因此beak指的是鸟的嘴。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“a bird may click his beak once as a greeting, and several clicks can be a warning”可知，多次点击喙是警告信号，而非快乐的表现。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“if they start opening and closing their wings, it may signal anger or pain”可知，鸟反复开合翅膀可能表示愤怒或疼痛。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“maybe they bite to show anger or express fear”可知，鸟咬人可能出于愤怒或恐惧，但并非“一定”表示恐惧，因此D项说法过于绝对。故选D。 5．推理判断题。全文围绕鸟类行为与情绪表达展开，属于科普类内容，最可能出现在科学报告中。故选B。 15 ①Xu Jian is a visually impaired (视力受损的) woman in Shenzhen, Guangdong. For the past seven years, Xu’s guide dog Daimeng has been at her side at work and for everyday activities. ②Xu got the dog from the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian, Liaoning province, the first guide dog training center on the Chinese mainland. Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China. ③According to Wang Xin, a trainer in the center, 90 percent of the center’s guide dogs are Labradors, which are kind and smart. Once trainers find good guide baby dogs, the dogs need to take personality (性格) tests. A good guide dog should not be too curious (好奇的), excitable or shy as these personalities could cause problems during work, according to Wang. ④One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019. “Raising guide dogs is quite different from raising pet dogs,” said Sun. She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe. ⑤However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog, Wang added. Typically, guide dogs serve for six to 10 years. Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers. 1．In Paragraph 2, what can we know about the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian? A．Xu Jian set it up in 2006. B．Its services cover many areas. C．It only trains homeless dogs. D．It’s the largest center in China. 2．Which italic (斜体) word has the same meaning as the underlined word “raised” in Paragraph 4? A．They raised the money to buy food for old people. B．She raised her eyes from her work but said nothing. C．It was hard for the woman to raise four kids by herself. D．I really want to raise two important questions with you. 3．What can we learn about a guide dog from the passage? A．A guide dog needs to enjoy its role as a guide dog. B．A good guide dog should be excitable during work. C．It takes a trainer six to 10 years to train a guide dog. D．The trainer should take personality tests with a guide dog. 4．What will a guide dog become when it is old? A．A police helper. B．A volunteer. C．A pet. D．A trainer. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Guiding the way B．Enjoying hard work C．Explore the nature D．Living a simple life 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了导盲犬的训练和服务，以及它们如何帮助视力受损的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China.”可知，该中心的服务覆盖了许多地区。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019.”和“She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe.”可知，她收养了四只小狗。raised意为“养育，抚养”。结合选项，选项C中的“raise”也是“养育”的意思。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog”可知，导盲犬需要喜欢自己的角色。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers.”可知，年老的导盲犬通常会成为宠物。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了导盲犬的训练和服务，以及它们如何帮助视力受损的人。选项A“Guiding the way”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$