内容正文:
Unit 8 Our Blue Planet
1、 基础知识
1. It is a 99-meter-high waterfall in North America.
复合形容词:由数字+连字符号+名词单数+连字符号+形容词构成
两小时的: __________ 五天的: _________ 六岁大的: ___________
2. —How long is it ? —It is 6,671 kilometers long.
how long 意为 “多长”, 此处用于对长度的提问。
how构成的疑问词组有:
how wide: 多宽
how tall: 多高
how deep: 多深
how heavy: 多重
注意:how long还可以对一段时间提问,意为“多久;多长时间”。
—How long will you stay here?你要在这儿待多久?
—For a week. 一周。
3. It runs through eastern Africa.
through “介词 ”“穿过,贯穿 ”,表示从物体内部穿过。
The train passes through the tunnel.火车穿过隧道。
I walk through the forest. 我穿过森林。
run through “贯穿;穿过” ,
The river runs through the city. 这条河贯穿这座城市。
4. It is over 25 million years old.
million表示数量:当表示确切的数量时,million没有复数形式,即不加s。当表示概述时,要加s,比如:three million 三百万 millions of成百万上千万的
拓展: hundreds of 数以百计的
thousands of 成千上万的
millions of 数以百万计的
billions of 几十亿的
5. It is one of the four oceans on the earth.
one of + 可数名词复数,意为____________
当它作主语时,谓语动词用______数形式
One of the students______a boy.
6. water is very important to us.
be important to... 对...是重要的
钱对我们说很重要。
_____________________
7. We need to drink water.
need v. & n. 需要
need sth 需要某物
need to do sth 需要做某事
need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事
我需要一个苹果。
___________________
我需要买一个苹果。
______________________
我需要Lucy 去买一个苹果。
_________________________
8. It's lucky that we have a lot of water on the earth.
It’s adj that + 从句 …很…是怎么样的
It’s adj (for sb) to do sth 做 sth(对某人来说)很...
我们努力学习很重要。
___________________________________
努力学习对于我们来说很重要。
______________________________
9. Just because of this, we call the earth a blue planet.
because of: 是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词
because: 是连词,其后接句子
简单的说:because of sth
because + 句子
I didn't buy it_________ it was too expensive.
I didn't buy it ________ _________ its price.
I will stay at home___________ it is raining now.
I will stay at home ________ _________ the heavy rain.
10. That is very little water
little/a little + 不可数名词
few/a few + 可数名词
a little/a few 有一点,有一些
little/few 几乎没有
There is a little juice in the glass, you can drink it.(还有一些)
There is little juice, please go and buy some.(几乎没有了)
11. It’s in the air.
air在该句中为名词,译为“空气”;
①by air=by plane 坐飞机
②in the air 在传播中、流行;在空中
③on/ off (the) air 正在/停止广播
④up the air 悬而未决
12. On sunny days, water goes up into the sky and forms clouds.
①go up,动词短语,意为“上升;上涨”。
②into,介词,意为“到……里面,进入”。
③in在……内表示在某一空间或范围内,是表示静态的介词。
④form ;
【动词】意为 “ (使)形成;产生;建立”。
【名词】意为“形式;表格;类型;种类”
短语:form the habit of 养成……的习惯
form friendships/a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友谊
13. As we all know, water is very important to us. 众所周知,水对我们非常重要。
14. as we all know 意为“众所周知;正如我们所知”。 常放于句首,用来引出一个事实或真理,后常跟一个句子。
众所周知,熊猫是中国的国宝。
__________________, pandas are the national treasure in China.
15. The rest is all sea water or ice.其余的都是海水或者冰。
rest
① 【名词】意为“剩余部分;残留;其余;休息时间”。
have/take a rest “休息一下” the rest of… “剩余的……”,
② 【名词】意为“ 休息时间;睡眠时间”
The rest of the books are about English.
The rest of the water is used to cook.
该结构在句中修饰主语时候,谓语动词单复数形式要与of后的名词或代词保持一致。
16. Let’s save every drop of water.让我们节约每一滴水。
drop
【名词】意为“滴;水珠”。
“a/数词+drop(s)of.…”意为“一/几滴……;少量……"。
A drop of rain falls on her face.一滴雨落在她脸上。
【动词】意为“(使)掉落;降低”。
Be careful not to drop that bowl.当心,别把那碗摔了。
17. 1%在英语中读作“one percent”。 英语中分数的表达一般为“基数词+%(percent)”
这个学校70%的学生来自农村
70% of the students in the school come from the countryside.
50%的钱被用来买食物。
50% of the money is used to buy food.
Percent修饰主语时,谓语动词单复数要与of后的名词或代词保持一致。
18. we can travel by water, do exercise in water, and have fun with water.
1.have fun 玩得开心
同义短语:have a good time; enjoy oneself;play happily
have fun with water 玩水
2.by water 乘船/走水路 相当于:by boat/ship
3.do exercise 做运动;做体操
do exercise in water 做水上运动
19. we use water to cook, do washing or cleaning.
①do washing 洗衣服= do some washing= wash clothes
拓展: wash the dishes = do the dishes洗餐具
wash sth. for sb. 为某人洗某物
②do cleaning 打扫卫生= do some cleaning= clean up
20. On sunny days, water goes up in the air and turns into clouds in the sky.
①turn...into... 意为“把......变成......”。同义词组:change...into...
e.g. Water can turn into ice below 0℃. 在零度以下水会变成冰。
Please turn English into Chinese. 请把英语翻译成汉语。
注意:turn 作实义动词,意为“转身;转动;翻转;转弯”。
作系动词,意为“变成”,常指突然之间的变化或颜色变化。
作名词,意为“转弯;轮流;机会”。
常用短语: turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
turn down 调小;拒绝 turn up 调大;出现
in turn 依次;轮流
21. Are there any people living in the desert?
There be sb … doing sth 某地有某人正在干某事
There are 2 children watching TV in room.
22. As a matter of fact, the desert is home to many people.
①matter /'mætə(r)/ n.事情/v.要紧
②fact /fækt/ n.事实;真相
as a matter of fact = in fact 事实上;实际上
23. I know
24. a family living in the desert. living in the desert 现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰a family, 意为“生活/居住在沙漠中的一家人”。
25. Water is so important and valuable for them.
adj.宝贵的 be valuable for... 对.....有价值
26. The family don’t have enough water.
enough adj. 修饰名词时, 通常放在名词之前/之后
adv. 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词之后
足够的面包 ______________ 足够好 _________________
足够快 __________________ 足够的钱 __________________
足够老 __________________ 足够的作业 __________________
27. During the shower, they must collect the water.
① must 情态动词,意为“必须”。
e.g. You must get to school on time.你 必须按时到校。
辨析: must 和 have to (两者均跟动词原形)
must “必须”,表示主观看法,没有人称、时态和数的变化。
mustn’t “禁止”。
have to “不得不” 表示客观看法,有人称、时态和数的变化。
don’t have to “不必”。
②collect v. 收集→ collection n. 收集;藏品
28. They can only take a quick shower once a week.
once (adv.) 一次 → one (基数词)
once a week 一周一次(表示频率)
拓展:对频率副词提问,用特殊疑问词组 how often (多久一次)
—How often do you play football? 你多久踢一次足球?
— ______________. 一周一次。
29. Most people get water from the underground, so they have to spend a lot of money digging wells.
① dig 动词,意为“掘(地);挖(土)”,其现在分词形式为digging。
② well 此处作名词,意为“井;水井”。
well的其他用法:副词, 意为“足够地;充分地”,可修饰动词。
形容词, 意为“健康;身体好”。feel well意为“感觉身体不错”。
感叹词, 意为“嗯,好吧”,表示勉强同意。
③ spend... (in) doing /on sth. 花费.....做某事/在某事上,
可与pay....for (doing) sth. 以及 spend… on sth.互换。
30. I don't need to worry about water, but now I start to save water. Join me and let's make a difference together.
①worry 不及物动词,意为“担心;焦虑”, worry about sb./(doing) sth.,意为“担心某人/(做)某事”。 其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 worry about = be worried about 担心
②make a difference “起作用;产生影响;有关系”
make much/some/no difference to... 对....有很大/一些/没有影响
31. but now I start to save water.
begin to do sth / begin doing sth 开始做...
start to do sth / start doing sth 开始做...
他开始学英语。______________________________.
小孩哭起来了。______________________________.
32. People have to make full use of water.
①have to “不得不”,表示客观要求。
②make use of ... “利用....; 使用.....”
make good/full use of 好好利用/充分利用
use ... to do sth. 用.... 来做某事
use... for (doing) sth. 用..... 做某事
33. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth.
①turn off 关闭(电器、自来水、煤气等)是“动词+副词”型短语。
turn + 名词 + off = turn off + 名词
turn + 代词 + off (代中名中后)
反义短语:turn on 打开
短语:调小:turn down 调大:turn up
注意:open/close 多指开/关门、窗等。
②while 连词,“当....的时候;然而”引导时间状语从句
强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。
注意:从句的主语与主句的一致时,从句的主语和be动词可省略。变成while+doing结构
e.g. Don’t watch TV while you are doing your homework.
= Don’t watch TV while ________ your homework.
拓展:while 还可意为“然而”,用于表示对比。
e.g. I’m short while my brother is tall.
我个子矮,而我弟弟个子高。
34. Take a quick shower.
①quick adj. 快的;迅速的(作定语修饰名词, 或作表语)
→ quickly adv. 很快地;迅速地(修饰动词)
e.g. He has a _________ breakfast and then goes to school.
他快速吃了早餐,然后去上学。
He answered the questions _________.
他迅速地回答了这个问题。
②shower n. 淋浴;陈雨 / v. 洗淋浴;洒落
take/have a shower 洗澡
e.g. There will be a heavy shower this afternoon. 今天下午会有一阵大雨。
35. I think we can talk about how to save water
① talk to sb 和某人谈论 =talk with sb. 注意talk with 更注重双方的交流,to则侧重倾听
● talk about sth 谈论sth
②how to do 如何做
注意:特殊疑问词+to do可以和特殊疑问句加一个含有情态动词的句子互换
36. And we can ask our teachers and classmates for their suggestions.
1 ask的用法:ask sb to do sth 否定:ask sb not to do
ask sb for help 向sb寻求帮助
2 suggestion 名词:可数 同义词:advice;建议 不可数
37. Let me introduce the poster to the class on this World Water Day
introduce A to B 把A 介绍给 B
38. Always be careful! And you are sure to find many ways to save water.
be sure to do sth = be sure that + 句子 确定做某事
be sure of / about…对……确信/ 肯定 / 有把握
我们确信明天可以早来。
We _______ _______ _______ come early tomorrow.
我们确信他们能赢。
We ______ _______ _______ they can win.
对于那件事我非常确信。I ______ ______ ______ that.
39. And you are sure to find many ways to save water
①way n. 方法 a way to do sth 做某事的一个方法
②way n. 路 去……的路上 on one’s way to...
40. The sea looks like a big rubbish bin
look like 看起来像 指外观或外貌上像;变疑问句要加助动词do,does或did
be like指人的性格、人品像;变疑问句把be提前
41. Collect rainwater for later use.
Later:后来;后来的; adv 后来;以后
短语: later on 随后; sooner or later 迟早
42. In short, we need to develop good habits of using water.
in short 总之
develop good habits of ...养成...的好习惯
2、 语法
(一)英语中多位数的读法(1) 整百:先读百位数,再加上“hundred”。
e.g. 900读作:five hundred
一)101-999
(2) 几百几:先读百位数字,再加上“hundred”, 然后读十位和个位数字。
e.g. 999读作:nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
注意: 在英式英语中百位数和十位数或个位数之间用“and”连接, 美式英语中一般不用。
e.g. 365读作:three hundred and sixty-five (英式英语)
three hundred sixty-five (美式英语)
四位数及以上的数字,我们从右往左每三位用一个逗号隔开。
第一个逗号前的数字按三位数的读法读,然后再分别加上“thousand (千)” “million (百万)” “billion (十亿)”等单位。
注意:当hundred, thousand, million, billion 前面跟具体数字时,不能用复数形式-s。若表示概数,则用hundreds of / thousands of /millions of 表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”, “数十亿”。
二) 1,000 以上
特殊读法① 常把四位数分成两个两位数读。
e.g. 2024读作:twenty twenty-four
② 如果千位数后有三个数字0,先读千位数,再加“thousand”。
e.g. 2000读作:two thousand
③ 如果后两位数都是数字0,前两位数读成十位数,
再加“hundred”。e.g. 1900读作:nineteen hundred
四位数的年份的读法:
④ 如果第二位数是数字0,可读成十位数加字母O, 再加
个位数,也可以直接读成千位数。
e.g. 2008 读作:twenty O eight 或 two thousand and eight
含义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。
①祈使句一般没有主语,省略主语you。 (如果有称呼语,用“,”隔开)
②祈使句一般没有时态的变化,不能与情态动词连用。
③句末用感叹号或句号,朗读常用降调。
特点:
祈使句:
④表达请求或劝告时,可在祈使句前或句末加上please,使句子语气更委婉客气。(please放在句末,前面加",")
Do型:肯定:动词原型+其他.
否定:Don’t+动词原型+其他.
Be型:肯定:Be+其他.
否定:Don’t+be +其他.
Let型:肯定:Let sb. do sth.
否定:Don’t let sb. do sth./
Let sb. not do sth.
其他类型
No型;Never型: No + 名词或动名词.
Never+动词原形.
祈使句的类型:
祈使句易错点 :
(1) 祈使句中连接词的用法
and用在祈使句后,前后表示顺承,意为“那么”。一般表示好的结果
or用在祈使句后,前后表示转折,意为“否则”。一般表示不好的结果
(2) 祈使句的答语:由于祈使句所表达的动作都还是未发生的,因此对它的应答通常要用“一般将来时”。
以let开头的句式的肯定回答多用Good idea!
否定回答用Sorry,…
(3) 祈使句口诀
祈使句、祈使句,请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记。
否定形式要注意,don’t句首别客气。
要客气用please,句首、句末没关系。
若在特殊情况下,no来否定也可以。
3、 完成句子
1. The Changjiang River is about 6300 kilometers long.(对划线部分提问)
___________ ___________ is the Changjiang River?
2. The Gele Mountain is about 700 meters high.(对划线部分提问)
_____________ __________is the Gele Mountain?
3. It takes 30 minutes to go from the mall to the park on foot.(改为同义句)
It's ____________ ___________ from the mall to the park.
4. 松花江大约1840千米长,流经哈尔滨。(完成译句)
The Songhua River is about 1,840 kilometers long and it _________ ________ Harbin.
5. 中国是彼得最喜欢的国家之一,他想去那里旅行。(完成译句)
One of Peter's favorite ___________ ____________ China, and he wants to go on a trip there.
6. There is some water in the glass.(改为否定句)
There ________ ___________ water in the glass.
7. We need to save water because we can only use 1% of the water. (对划线部分提问)
____________ ___________ you need to save water?
8. We can't get there on time because it snows heavily.(改为同义句)
We can't get there on time __________ ___________ the heavy snow.
9. 我们的学校生活有点忙,但充满了乐趣。(完成译句)
Our school life is a little busy, but it is ___________ __________ fun.
10. 众所周知,长江因作为中华民族的“母亲河”而闻名。(完成译句)
____________ ____________ all know, the Changjiang River is famous as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
11. We use water to wash clothes at home.(对划线部分)
______________ do you use water to ______________ at home?
12. Water goes up into the sky on sunny days.(对划线部分提问)
___________ _____________ water goes up into the sky.
13. Doing sports in the morning is useful.(改为同义句)
It is useful ________ ________ sports in the morning.
14. 许多小水滴从天而降,并且流入河流、湖泊或海洋。(完成译句)
Many little water drops fall from the sky and __________ __________ the river, the lake or the sea.
15. 当温度低于零摄氏度时,水会变成冰。(完成译句)
Water can __________ ___________ ice when the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius.
16. Turn off the tap after taking a shower.(改为否定句)
_________ ________ off the tap after taking a shower.
17. 每个人都需要尽最大努力有所作为。(完成译句)
Everyone needs to try their best ________ _________ a difference.
18. 你不必担心这场表演。一切都会好。(完成译句)
You don't need to __________ _________ the show. Everything will be great.
19. Put the shopping list on the table.(改为否定句)
__________ ___________ the shopping list on the table.
20. Knock on the door,please.(改为否定句)
___________ ____________ on the door,please.
21. The Qinghai Lake is about 4,600 square kilometers in size.(对画线部分提问)
____________ _______________ is the Qinghai Lake?
22. It's about 32 kilometers from Shanghai Disneyland Park to People's Square.(对划线部分提问)
______________ _____________ is it from Shanghai Disneyland Park to People's Square?
23. Don't litter in that lake.(改为同义句)
__________________ ______________ in that lake.
_________________ _____________ litter in that lake.
24. There is enough space in the room for three beds.(改为否定句)
__________ ____________ enough space in the room for three beds.
25. Throw your classmate the ball like this.(改为同义句)
__________ the ball ____________your classmate like this.
26. We're sure we will do better next time.(改为同义句)
We are _________ _________ do better next time.
27. 人们经常东西用一次就扔掉。(完成译句)
People often use things once and then ____________ them _____________.
28. you,let me,introduce,my friend,to(连词成句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
29. We need to plant more trees to help protect the earth.(对划线部分提问)
__________ _________ you need to plant more trees?
30. We can save water by turning off the water while washing our hand.(对划线部分提问)
_____________ ____________ you save water?
31. Developing healthy eating habits is important for students. (改为同义句)
32. It is important for students ___________ _____________ healthy eating habits.
33. It is kind of you to provide your seat for others while taking a bus.(改为同义句)
It is kind of you to___________ others _________ your seat while taking a bus.
34. 在你洗澡后记得关掉热水。(完成译句)
Remember to ___________ __________ the hot water after you take a shower.
35. Li Wei often collects litter in the park. (改为否定句)
Li Wei __________ often__________ litter in the park.
36. The Nile is 6,671 kilometers long.(对划线部分提问)
____________ ____________ is the Nile.
37. They provide many things for the children.(改为同义句)
They _________ the children __________ many things.
38. 刷牙时关掉水龙头可以节省能源。(完成译句)
___________ __________ the tap when you brush your teeth saves energy.
39. away,don't,waste,throw,everywhere(连词成句)
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