Unit1 Period 2 Learning About Language (课件）英语人教版 (2019) 选择性必修第一册

新人教版高中英语选择性必修一 Unit 1 People of achievement Learning About Language The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 1 Learning Objectives After learning this section , you will be able to: 1. revise the structure of attributive clause. 2. distinguish the difference between restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause. 3. finish the related exercises. 2 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词 一、定语从句 在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句, 其作用相当于形容词。 The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 who, whom, which, that, whose, as where when why 关系词的作用： ① 引导作用(引导定语从句) ② 替代作用(替代先行词) ③ 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 人 主 宾 定 物 主 宾 定 先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系副词 时间名词 时间状语 地点名词 地点状语 reason 原因状语 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose(=of whom) that/which that/which/省略 whose(=of which) why when where = 介词+which 判断下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句 ①People who take physical exercise live longer. ②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. ③Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. ④He changed his mind, which made me very angry. ⑤Taobao is a website where you can buy what you want at a good price. 限制性定语从句是_____________句， 非限制性定语从句是___________________句。 ① ⑤ ② ③ ④ 限制性定从和非限制性定从的区分？？？ 限制性定从与其先行词关系密切，无逗号隔开， 非限制性定从与其先行词关系不密切，有逗号隔开。 一、形式不同 People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others. 二、作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，去掉会影响句意的完整其先行词一般是名词或代词， 非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响句意的不完整，其先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可是整个句子。 He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy. which指代主句“He was late again” He is the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 他是个热心肠的人, 住在我的隔壁。 限制性定语从句: 一般先译从句, 后译先行词, 即把从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前, 译为“…的＋先行词”。 非限制性定语从句: 一般先译主句, 后译从句, 翻译成两个分句。 三、翻译不同 Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. 1.在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词作宾语时可以省略； 在非限制性定语从句中, 所有关系词都不可省略。 2.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. 3. 非限制性定语从句表原因时, 不能用why引导, 而用for which代替why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 四、关系词不同 四、关系词不同 限制性定从 关代: that, which, who, whom,whose as 关副: when, where, why =介词+which ___________________________ 非限制性定从 关代: that, which, who, whom, whose,as 关副: when, where, why =介词+which for which 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 在非限制性定语从句中, 用who, whom指代人, 用which 指代物。 She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 2. 非限制性定语从句表原因时, 不能用why引导, 而用for which代替why。 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 They went to London, where they lived for six months. 3. 当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。 4. 当先行词是唯一亲属, 使用非限制性定语从句。 Professor Wang has a son, who works in Beijing. 三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项 5. 当先行词指代整个主句内容时, 使用非限制性定语从句。 He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 6. most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分数/百分数/数字 + of + which/whom Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 代词/名词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语 + of + 关系代词 1.They lived in a tall building, in front of stood a big tree. 2.There are more than 50 students in my class, 26 of are girls. 3.His family members don’t like the second-hand car, the price of is very high. 4.It is reported that two schools, both of are being built , will open next year. 5.When western people talk about the cities of China, the first of comes to their minds is Beijing. which whom which which which 介词 + whose + 名词 1.I wish to thank professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far. 2.The Dragon Tower , from top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin,attracts hundreds of tourists every day. whose whose 16 as引导的非限制性定从 1.as is known to all= as we all know 众所周知 2.as is said 正如所说的 3.as you can see = as can be seen 正如你所看见的 4.as is reported 正如报道的 5.as is expected 正如预料的 6.as is pointed out 正如指出的 7.as a famous saying goes 正如一句谚语所说/俗话说 8.as is mentioned above 正如以上提到的 eg: As is known to us all, Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest physicians in China. Differrences between as and which in the Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses as和which引导非限制性定从的区别 Practice： 1.________ we all know, the earth is round. 2. Tom won the competition, ______ we had expected. 3. Global warming, _____we all know, has caused a lot of natural disasters. ___________________ as as As ____________ __________ _____________ ____________ 19 Practice： as和which引导非限制性定从的区别? 4. These apple trees, _______ I planted three years ago, have not produced any fruits. 5. The lazy boy got the highest score in the test, ______ surprised me. 6. John passed the exam, _____ made his parents very pleased. 7. He said that he had never seen her before, _______is not true. which which which which 20 as 位置：可置于主句前、中、后。 先行词：通常为整个主句 含义：“正如，如同” ___________________________ which 位置：置于主句之后 先行词：可以是主句中的一个词、主句的部分内容、甚至整个主句 含义：“这，那（件事）” as和which引导非限制性定从的区别: 21 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式上 与主句之间______逗号隔开 与主句之间______逗号隔开 功能上 对先行词修饰、限制 对先行词补充说明 意义上 去掉后主句句意_______ 去掉后主句句意_______ 翻译上 先行词 关系词 不完整 不用 用 完整 翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前 按句子顺序, 翻译成两个简单句 名词或代词 既可为名词或代词, 也可是整个主句 that/which/who/whom/whose/ when/where/why 不能用that/why(for which), which可以指代一整件事 关系代词作宾语可省略 所有关系词都不可省略 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别 Summary non-restrictive attributive clause 小试牛刀篇 小试牛刀 non-restrictive attributive clause 1.Mr Smith，______ native language is English, can speak Chinese fluently. 2.She has been absent again,______ is expected. 3.China, ______ was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 4.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ______a conference was to be held. 5.This is Mr Smith, ______ I think has something interesting to tell you. 6.My father bought me several books, none of ________ I like to read. 7.The students went to the hospital to see Miss Zhang, ______they respect greatly. 8.The weather turned out to be very good, _____was more than I had expected. 9.The books on the desk,________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.  10.There are 50 students in our class, half of ________ are girls. 11.I had told them the reason, _________ I didn’t attend the meeting. 12.I left on Sunday, everyone was at home. whose As Practice which where who which whom which whose whom for which on which/when 易错对比练习 1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 2. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.     2) It was at eleven o’clock  _____  they went out of the cinema. 3 .1) It was in the hospital____ he came across a friend of his. 2)It was the hospital ____ he came across a friend of his. 4. 1). We should go to the place _____ we are most needed. 2). We should go to the place _____ needs us most. 5. 1). Mother didn't come back on December 25, _____was my birthday. 2). Mother didn't come back home on December 25, _____she was busy working. whom them when that where that where which/that which when 6.1). This is the room _____ he lived in his childhood. 2). This is the room _____ he lived in last year. 7. 1) The teacher didn’t know the reason _______ she was absent yesterday? 2) The teacher couldn’t accept the reason _______ she explained yesterday? 8.1).He is such a good teacher ______ we all like. 2). He is such a good teacher ______ we all like him. 3). He is a good teacher, _____ makes us respect him. 9. 1)Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water. 2)I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago. where which why which/that as that which where where 11.1) _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.    2) _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.    3) _____ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources. 12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting. 2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting.     What As It that what 13.1) He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.  2) He still lives in the room, the window ___ which faces to the east.   3) He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.   4) He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table. whose of which/that where 14. 1)______ is known is that he has gone to college. 2)______ is known that he has gone to college. 3 )______ is known, he has gone to college. 4)We all know _____ he has gone to college. 5)He has gone to college, ________ made us surprised. 6)He has gone to college and ______ made us surprised. 7) He has gone to college, ______ surprised us. 8)______ surprised us most was ______ he has gone to college. 15. 1)He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he became a manager some years later. 2) He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ was important for him. 3) He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he was already in his fifties. 4)It was in 1984 ______ he arrived in Beijing. It What As that it which What which that where which when that How to change into non-restrictive relative clauses? 如何变成非限制性定语从句？ 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. We were very impressed by the old man, who was not willing to acknowledge defeat. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, where(=in Germany) Hitler was in power. He =? 我们对那个老人印象非常深刻，他不愿意承认失败。 Germany there = ? 后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离德国，在那里希特勒掌权。 Example 3. There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favorite novelist, J.K. Rowling, which inspired us a lot. 她的? ___ _____ 我们帮不了Linda， 她的的境况超出了我们的控制。 = ? __ _______ 老师要求我们听他最喜爱的小说家J.K. 罗琳的演讲，这个（演讲）让我们非常鼓舞。 Practice 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei -- a famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Pei-- a famous Chinese-American architect, who was born in Guangzhou, China. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. = ? _______ __ 这个正在建的楼是由美籍华人I.M. 裴所设计的，他生于中国广州。 = ? __ _____ ____ Practice Workbook--Choose the words in the box to complete the sentences. who whom which whose when where in / of / for which of whom 1 Some people always talk loudly in public, ________ is really annoying. 2 Professor Lu, ________ you spoke to, specialises in constitutional law. 3 Please come back at four o’clock, ________ your herbal medicine will be ready. 4 What do you want to write about these people, ________ stories I have just told you? 5 Have you been to the Louvre Museum, ________ you can see the Mona Lisa on display? 6 There are 45 students in our class, out ________ only 10 are taking an optional art course. 7 Her mother works in a company, ________ employees are all women. 8 It is vital to learn to use these software programmes, both ________ can help you with collection and evaluation. which who(m) when whose where in which of whom of which in which where 33 Workbook-- Decide whether the sentences are right or wrong. Correct them where necessary. 1 Please write down these phrases, all of them will be useful in your writing. 2 As a consequence of sending in his application late, he did not get a patent for his invention, that was not surprising at all. 3 The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants, which have distinct medical properties. 4 The gentle old man is the only person, whom I can trust. 5 Have you done all what you can to help the people in need? 6 Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week? ∧ and (构成并列句) which (构成主从复合句) which (非限定性从句不能用that引导) √ that (去掉逗号，是限定性定语从句) that (what引导的是名词性从句，特指某一整体事物，不能加all) that / which (引导词作visited的宾语，不能用副词) (若这样的植物只有成千上万种则用非限定性从句，若不止成千上万种，则用限定性从句) Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial Lu Xun, _____________ as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1981. In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the ____________ of improving people’s health and saving lives. However, he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo ____________ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. From this, he concluded that the _____________ problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time. Following this, he quit medical school. When he returned to China in 1908, he _____________ a teaching job. In 1917, a friend _____________ that the help write for a magazine called New Youth. That was how his first famous short story A Madman’s Diary got published. acknowledged objective apparently crucial obtained insisted $$