Unit 5 Languages around the world 词汇 学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Habit forms character, and character decides fortune. 习惯形成性格，性格决定命运。 慧中公学英语学科学案 年级 高一 No. 25 课型 B1U5 Language Around the World Vocabulary Part 1 课前预习案 1. native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 本地的；土著的 cn. 本地人 be native to... 原产于... (某地) be a native of... 出生于...的人 ①China is our native country, and Chinese is our native language.(英译汉) ________________________________________________________________________________ ②The panda____________________ China. 大熊猫产于中国。 ③He is a native of Beijing. ___________________________。 2. attitude /ˈætɪtju:d / n.态度；看法 an attitude to/towards...... 对……的态度 an attitude of mind心态 have/take/adopt a positive attitude to/towards...... 对……持积极的态度 ①It was　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that made your parents angry. 正是你对学习不好的态度使你的父母生气。 ②The villagers _______________________________________________us. 村民们对我们采取了友好的态度。 ③As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude. 译 ____________________________________ 3. refer /rɪˈfɜː/ vi.提到；参考；查阅 (referred , referred , referring) 【拓展】 reference /ˈrefrəns/ n. 指称关系；参考 refer to A as B 把A 称作B reference books 参考书 refer to... 提及...；参考/查阅...; 指的是... ①The American society is often __________ ________ ______ a big melting pot. 美国社会常被称作大熔炉。 *写出句中refer to... 的含义。 ①The official referred to the rescue workers several times at the meeting. _____________ ②For more information, you can refer to China Daily's official website. _____________ ③When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't referring to you. _____________ ④As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng. _____________ 4. despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管 =_____________________ = ________________________ *despite 是______词，后跟____________； even if/though、although 是_____词，后跟_________。 ① He went out ___________________________ the heavy rain. 尽管下着大雨，他还是出去了。 = ___________________________________ it’s raining heavily, he went out. ② Despite , no one came to his aid. 尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。 = Even if , no one came to his aid. 5. ups and downs 是名词短语，意为“浮沉，兴衰，荣辱” ① Life is full of ups and downs, but we must keep going. 译：_________________________________________________ ② Like all marriages, they have their ups and downs. 译：____________________________________________________ 4. base /beɪs/ vt. 把（总部）设在（常用于被动语态）；以…为基础 n. 底部；根据；基地 【拓展】based adj. 以（某事）为基础的 basic adj. 基础的，根本的 basically adv.基本上；从本质上说 basis n. (pl.bases) 基础；根据；基点(复数) base A on/upon B 把A建立在B的基础上 be based on/upon以…为基础/依据 on the basis of... 在…的基础上 ①One should always base his opinion ________ facts. ②They have to have a ____________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. ③这部电影是基于真实故事，这部电影很受欢迎。 译:The film_________________________, and it is very popular. →__________ a true story, the film is very popular. (非谓语形式) →The film________________________________is very popular.(定语从句) ④Laziness is thought to be the base of all evils.译：_____________________________________________ 5. date back to + 时间点 = date from.. . 追溯到... (*无被动，无进行，用一般现在时；可用现在分词形式作定语） ①The house where the Smiths live _________ __________ _____ the 18th century.史密斯一家住的房子可以追溯到18世纪。 ②Written records show that it 　　 　 (date) back to the Song Dynasty.  ③This proverb is based on an old English law _____________ (date) back to the 17th century.  ④The old building, ______________(date) back to the 5th century, is going to be rebuilt. 6. symbol /ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号；象征 a/the symbol of ... …的象征 【拓展】symbolic /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/ adj象征(性)的;用作符号的 symbolize /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ vt. 象征；用符号代表 翻译：狮子象征着勇气和力量。 →The lion __________________ courage and strength. →The lion ______________________ courage and strength. 7. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 种类；(植物、语言等）变体 the variety of... …的种类 【拓展】 vary /ˈveəri/ v. 变化 *various /ˈveəriəs / adj. 各种各样的 (= a variety of... = varieties of... ) vary from...to... 从…到…各不相同 vary in... 在…(方面)变化 vary with... 随…而变化 ①In my free time, I'd like to take exercise, such as swimming, running and ______________ (variety) ball games. ②It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for _____ variety of reasons. ③All languages change over time and vary _____ place to place because of the local accent. 8. major /ˈmeɪdʒər/ adj. 主要的；重要的 vi. 主修 n. 主修课程“重要的”：___________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ 【拓展】majority /məˈdʒɒrəti/ n.大多数 minority /maɪˈnɒrəti/ n.少数 major in... 主修 the majority of...... 大多数...... ①I have a gift for language, so I major___________English in college. ②When it comes to education, the________________(major) of people believe that education is of great importance. ③Women are in the majority in the company; men are in the minority. 译：____________________________________________________________ 9. no matter where , who, what, etc. 不论……；不管…… （引导让步状语从句） No matter where I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese. 译__________________________________________________。 ①不管谁向他求助，他总是乐于助人。___________________________________________________, he is always ready to help. ②无论结果怎样，我们都要笑着接受。_______________________________________________, we should accept it with a smile. ③ 无论有多么困难，我都下定决心提前完成工作。 ______________________________________________, I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time. 10. means /mi:nz/ n. 方式；方法；途径 （*单复数同形） “用这种方式/方法”：______________ ________________________________ ________________________________ by means of... 用...方式 by this means 用这种方式 by all means 不惜一切地；没问题（口语） by no means 决不 ①This plan must be realized by all means.译______________________________ ②By no means should he be left alone.译____________________________________ ③Thoughts are expressed by means of words.译_______________________________ 11. classic  /ˈklæsɪk/  adj.经典的；典型的   cn.经典作品; 名著(classics) 【拓展】classical /ˈklæsɪk(ə)l/ a.古典的；传统的 classically /ˈklæsɪkli/ adv. 古典地；传统地 12. appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ vt.欣赏，感激；领会 【拓展】 appreciation /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n.感激 appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ adj.感激的，表示赞赏的 appreciate music欣赏音乐 *appreciate (sb) doing sth感激（某人）做某事 *appreciate不能直接跟从句，需先接形式宾语it，再接从句，构成sb would appreciate it if......句型，“如果...，某人将不胜感激。”。 ①Any advice that you can give me would ________________________(appreciate)． ②I would appreciate _____if you could let me know in advance whether you will be coming.译：____________________________ ③ She shows little _______________(appreciate) of good music. ④I appreciate _________________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. 我很感激两年前能有机会到贵公司工作。 ⑤(求助信)如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ vt. 把…视为；看待；尊重 n. 尊重，关注“把...看作...”：_____________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ 【拓展】regarding /rɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ/ prep. 关于；有关 regard...as... 把…看作，认为…是... ①I ________ this novel ____ one of the best novels I have ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。 ②She has no regard for other people's feelings. 译：___________________________ ③Please give my regards to your parents. 译：________________________________ ④Regarding air pollution, we still have a long way to go. 译：____________________________________ 14. character  /'kærəktə(r)/ n. ①_________ ②_________ ③__________ ④___________ ⑤__________ 【拓展】characteristic a. 独特的；典型的 cn.特点；特色(复characteristics) 汉字 ____________________ 15. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的 【拓展】specify /ˈspesɪfaɪ/ v. 具体说明；详述 specification /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 规范 specifically /spəˈsɪfɪkli/ adv. 特意地；具体地 16. point of view 观点；看法 “依我之见”：_________________________________=_______________________________ 17. struggle /ˈstrʌgl/ n.&vi. 挣扎；奋斗；搏斗 【拓展】struggling adj. 苦苦挣扎的 struggle for...　 为……而斗争 struggle to do sth.   努力做某事 struggle against/with...   与……斗争 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 1) She’s struggling _____________(bring) up a family alone. 2) Millions of people are struggling _________ survival. 3) John struggled ____________ cancer for two years. 4) Police said there were no signs of a ____________(struggle). 18. beg /beɡ/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 (begged ; begged ; begging) 【拓展】beggar /ˈbeɡə(r)/ n. 乞丐 beg for sth.乞求某物 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人干某事 I beg your pardon. 抱歉，请再说一次。(口语) ①他们向他请求帮助。_________________________. ②他求她不要离开。____________________________. 19. equal /ˈiːkwəl/ n. 同等的人; 相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的 v. 等于... 【拓展】unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的 equally /ˈiːkwəli/ adv. 平等地 equality /iˈkwɒləti/ n. 平等 be equal to + n./doing 等于... ; 胜任.... be equal in... 在（某方面）相同/等 ①I’m trying to do what is best, but 　　　　　 (equal) I’ve got to consider the cost.  ②They live and work together in complete____________ (equal) and brotherhood.  ③Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal 　 your physical health.  ④All men were equal at birth. 译_______________________________ 20. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n.要求; 需求(反:supply) v.强烈要求; 需要 【拓展】demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；严苛的 sth be in (great) demand (迫切)需要某物 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 demand to do sth 要求做某事 *demand that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事（虚拟语气） (1) First, science graduates are ________ greater demand than art ones in China. (2) My father came down and demanded _____________(know) what was going on. (3)The students demanded that the library_____________________ (be) open at weekends. 复习：一________ 二______________________ 三_________________________ 四_________________________________ 21. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容 【拓展】describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ vt. 描述 beyond description 无法形容 describe…as… 把……描述为...... ① The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description. 译：_________________________________________________________________________ 22. relate (...) to... 与…相关; 涉及... 被动用法：be related to...... 与……有关 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ v. 联系;讲述 【拓展】related /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ adj. 相关的 relation /rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 联系 relationship /rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/ n. 关系 relative /ˈrelətɪv/ cn.亲戚 adj.相对的 1. The professor told his students ________________ (relate) theory ______ practice. 2. I can't relate what he does _______ what he says. 译：_________________________________ 3. This heart attack may be ____________(relate) to his overwork. *词性转换 1. ____________vi.提到；查阅vt.查询→________________n.指称关系；参考 2. ____________vt.以……为基础n.底部；根据→___________adj.以(某事)为基础的→____________n.原因；基础(pl.bases)→_________________adj.基本的；基础的 3. ____________n.乞丐；叫花子→__________vt.恳求；祈求；哀求 4. __________________v.变化，改变→________________n.变体；多样化→______________adj.各种各样的 5. ________________ adj.经典的；典型的n.经典作品；名著→_____________ adj.古典的；传统的→_______________adv.传统地,经典地 6. _________________n.文字；角色；特点；个性；品质→______________________ n.特点;特色 adj.特有的；典型的 7. _____________n.地球；球体；球状物→_________________adj.全球的→____________________adv.全球地 8. ______________n.要求；需求 v.强烈要求→_______________adj.苛求的；要求高的| 9. _____________vt.联系；讲述→_______________adj.相对的；n.亲戚；同类事物→______________n.关系；联系→_____________________n.关系；情感联系 10. ______________n.符号；象征→__________________vt.象征；是……的象征；代表 11. ________________vt.欣赏；感激；领会vi.增值→____________________n.欣赏；理解；感激 12. ____________ n.相等物 adj.相同的 v.等于→____________n.平等;相等→ ___________adv.同样地;相等地 13. ______________vt.描述;形容;描绘→ __________________ n.描写(文字);形容 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$