Unit 1 第4课时 (Section B 1a-1e)（分层作业）英语鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 1 When was it invented? 第四课时(分层作业) 基础达标 一、根据句意填空。 1．Doctors say lemons are better for us even though they are （sour）than most fruits. 【答案】sourer 【详解】句意：医生说柠檬对我们更好，尽管它们比大多数水果都酸。根据空后than可知，此空应填sour“酸的”的比较级形式，故填sourer。 2．The soup you made yesterday was too s . We were all thirsty after drinking it. 【答案】salty 【详解】句意：昨天你做的汤太咸了，我们在喝了它之后都是口渴的。设空处用在系动词后面作表语，应填入一个形容词；根据We were all thirsty after drinking it.结合首字母提示，可知此处表达的是“咸的”，故填salty。 3．It is said that potato chips were invented by m . 【答案】(m)istake 【详解】句意：据说薯片是偶然发明的。固定短语by mistake“无意地，偶然地”，故填(m)istake。 4．The （顾客）were angry because the potatoes were not thin. 【答案】customers 【详解】句意：因为土豆不细，顾客非常生气。由语境和所给的汉语可知，顾客：customer；由谓语were是复数判断，此处的主语用复数形式，故填customers。 5．I really don’t know with (谁) I should discuss the problem. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：我真的不知道该和谁讨论这个问题。介词with后应用代词宾格whom“谁”。故填whom。 二、单项选择 6．I took his umbrella ________ for his is the same as mine. A．by mistakes B．by mistake C．by accidents D．by an accident 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我错拿了他的伞，因为他的和我的一样。 考查介词短语，by mistake意为“错误地，无意中”；by accident意为“偶然；意外地”，皆为固定短语。由题干中for his is the same as mine（因为他的和我的一样）可知，前面表示“我错拿了他的伞”。故选B。 7．________the end, they found a supermarket________ the end of the road A．At; in B．In; at C．In; by D．By; at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最后，他们在路的尽头找到一家超市。at the end of+名词,表示“在…….的尽头”，by the end of+名词“到…….的尽头为止”，in the end最后，独立作状语。故选B。 8．My little sister isn't ________ to look after herself. A．young enough B．enough young C．old enough D．enough old 【答案】C 【详解】C 句意：我妹妹不够大，不可以照顾她自己。短语be…enough to do sth.意为“足够……做某事”，此外副词enough修饰形容词或副词放在其后。根据空格前isn't是否定，可知年龄不够大，不能照顾自己。故选C。 9．—Do you know ________ in ancient China? —I have no idea，but I know people once used tree bark (树皮) to make paper. A．how paper was made B．how was paper made C．what paper was made from D．what was paper made from 【答案】A 【详解】A 句意：—你知道在古代中国纸是怎样被制造的吗？—我不知道，但是我知道人们一度用树皮造纸。宾语从句中用陈述句语序，B和D是疑问句语序，先排除。根据第二个人答句的后半部分知道，造纸的原材料是树皮，所以排除C。故选A。 10．The man _________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father. A．which B．whom C．who D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：和我们老师说话的那个人是贝蒂的父亲。 考查定语从句。Which哪个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁；what什么，不引导定语从句。先行词“The man”是人，在定语从句中充当主语，因此用关系代词who来引导。故选C。 能力提升 三、完形填空 In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has 11 its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping. Do you know 12 the new inventions can appear in China? The “four great new inventions” are 13 related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based 14 the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly 15 the quality of people’s lives. China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of 16 that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to 17 in innovation in some ways. “The ‘four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy 18 at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company. As a whole, all the Chinese are 19 of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners 20 to promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation. 11．A．seemed B．appeared C．looked D．showed 12．A．when B．what C．why D．where 13．A．all B．both C．neither D．none 14．A．in B．on C．to D．from 15．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted 16．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money 17．A．try B．lead C．win D．value 18．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live 19．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied 20．A．afford B．repeat C．hope D．wait 【答案】 11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．C 【导语】 本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。 【详解】 11．句意：最近这些年，中国又一次用“新四大发明”展示了改变世界的能力：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。 seemed似乎；appeared出现；looked看；showed展示。根据“China once again has…its ability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故选D。 12．句意：你知道为什么新发明能出现在中国吗？ when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“ The ‘four great new inventions’are…related to China’s high-tech innovation”可知，本句话解释新四大发明出现的原因，故选C。 13．句意：“新四大发明”都与中国新科技的创新有关。 all全部，表示三者及以上；both全都，表示两者之间；neither两个都不；none全都不。空格处表示都有关，四个大于三，故选A。 14．句意：例如，共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。 in在……里；on在……上；to到；from从。base on“基于”，固定搭配，故选B。 15．句意：这展示了中国的高科技创新已经极大地提高了人们生活质量。 improved提高；finished完成；invented发明；wasted浪费。根据“China’s high-tech innovation has greatly … the quality of people’s lives”可知，这些发明极大地提高了人们的生活水平，故选A。 16．句意：中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代，由于中国在鼓励创新上已经花费了大量的金钱。 people人；water水；electricity电；money钱。空格处为that引导的定语从句，空格处的单词作spend的宾语，中国在鼓励创新上，花费了大量的金钱，故选D。 17．句意：中国将会在一些方面开始引领创新。 try尝试；lead引导；win赢；value价值。根据“China is beginning to … in innovation in some ways”可知，中国将引领创新，故选B。 18．句意：一家美国市场研究公司的首席分析师戴查理说：“新四大发明确实提高了客户体验，同时也帮助了国家和全球经济发展。” develop发展；warn警告；mean意味着；live居住。根据“helped national and global(全球的) economy”可知，此处指帮助经济发展，故选A。 19．句意：作为整体，所有的中国人以他们新四大发明而自豪。 proud自豪的；tired劳累的；bored无聊的；satisfied满意的。根据“all the Chinese are…of their four new inventions”可知，中国人都以这几个发明而自豪，故选A。 20．句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过学习中国的创新来促进自己国家的经济发展。 afford支付得起；repeat重复；hope希望；wait等待。根据“promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation”可知，他们希望能够促进自己国家的经济发展，故选C。 拓展训练 多任务混合阅读 You may think that inventions are far away from your everyday life. But in fact almost everyone can invent. It’s just that they do not recognize that their ideas could be the start of an invention. Once inventors see their ideas have some practical value they don’t let them slip away. For example, the inventor of the dishwasher American Josephine Cochrane loved to give dinner parties. But she found it took long to wash her dishes by hand and too many of them broke. She decided that a machine could do the job faster and with fewer mistakes. So in 1886 she set out to make one for herself. Cochrane’s most wonderful inventions are created to solve the problem. So the first and most important step is to find the problem. You can start by looking at what is wrong with the things you are using now. You can ask grandparents or neighbors if they remember ever saying: “I wish someone would invent something for ...” Or you can look at people in different areas — such as on the street or at school. Then you might notice situations or things in need of improvement. Remember to record your ideas and work. This will help you develop your invention and protect (保护) it when it is completed. The next step is to think about possible solutions. An invention is a new way of solving a problem. So think of many varied (各种各样的) and unusual ways. You can often come up with a solution to a problem by looking at it from a different angle (角度) or thinking about it in a new way. And the hardest part of inventing even for a lot of inventors is finding a problem and coming up with a solution. Once you have an idea you can always get help to build your invention. This problem-solving technique can also work in your everyday lives. So why not try it in your studies, in your relationship with others or even in the way you look at the world? 21．完成句子。 Josephine Cochrane found it took long to wash her dishes . 22．用英语表达文中画线单词one所指代的内容： 23．找出并写下第四段的主题句。 24．What is the hardest part of inventing? 25．将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 【答案】 21．by hand 22．A dishwasher/A machine. 23．So the first and most important step is to find the problem. 24．It is finding a problem and coming up with a solution. 25．从一个不同的角度看问题或用一种新的方式考虑问题，你通常就可以想出它的解决方案。 【导语】 本文介绍了人人都有可能发明东西，并且介绍了发明的步骤，其中最难的部分是想出问题，然后找到解决方法。 【详解】 21．根据“But she found it took long to wash her dishes by hand and too many of them broke. ”可知Josephine Cochrane认为用手洗碗花费的时间太长，故填by hand。 22．根据“For example, the inventor of the dishwasher American Josephine Cochrane loved to give dinner parties. ... She decided that a machine could do the job faster and with fewer mistakes. So in 1886 she set out to make one for herself.”可知她认为机器可以更快地完成这项工作，而且错误更少。所以在1886年，她开始为自己做一个。故此处one代指的是洗碗机，故填A dishwasher/A machine. 23．根据“Cochrane’s most wonderful inventions are created to solve the problem. So the first and most important step is to find the problem.”可知第四段的主题句是“So the first and most important step is to find the problem.”，讲第一步及最重要的一部要做什么。故填So the first and most important step is to find the problem. 24．根据“And the hardest part of inventing even for a lot of inventors is finding a problem and coming up with a solution.”可知发明最困难的部分是想出问题，然后找到解决方法。故填It is finding a problem and coming up with a solution. 25．come up with“想出”， a solution to a problem“一个问题的解决方案”。by doing sth“通过做某事”，look at“看”； from a different side“从不同的角度”，故填“从一个不同的角度看问题或用一种新的方式考虑问题，你通常就可以想出它的解决方案。” 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 When was it invented? 第四课时(分层作业) 基础达标 一、根据句意填空。 1．Doctors say lemons are better for us even though they are （sour）than most fruits. 2．The soup you made yesterday was too s . We were all thirsty after drinking it. 3．It is said that potato chips were invented by m . 4．The （顾客）were angry because the potatoes were not thin. 5．I really don’t know with (谁) I should discuss the problem. 二、单项选择 6．I took his umbrella ________ for his is the same as mine. A．by mistakes B．by mistake C．by accidents D．by an accident 7．________the end, they found a supermarket________ the end of the road A．At; in B．In; at C．In; by D．By; at 8．My little sister isn't ________ to look after herself. A．young enough B．enough young C．old enough D．enough old 9．—Do you know ________ in ancient China? —I have no idea，but I know people once used tree bark (树皮) to make paper. A．how paper was made B．how was paper made C．what paper was made from D．what was paper made from 10．The man _________ is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father. A．which B．whom C．who D．what 能力提升 三、完形填空 In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has 11 its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping. Do you know 12 the new inventions can appear in China? The “four great new inventions” are 13 related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based 14 the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly 15 the quality of people’s lives. China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of 16 that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to 17 in innovation in some ways. “The ‘four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy 18 at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company. As a whole, all the Chinese are 19 of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners 20 to promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation. 11．A．seemed B．appeared C．looked D．showed 12．A．when B．what C．why D．where 13．A．all B．both C．neither D．none 14．A．in B．on C．to D．from 15．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted 16．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money 17．A．try B．lead C．win D．value 18．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live 19．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied 20．A．afford B．repeat C．hope D．wait 拓展训练 多任务混合阅读 You may think that inventions are far away from your everyday life. But in fact almost everyone can invent. It’s just that they do not recognize that their ideas could be the start of an invention. Once inventors see their ideas have some practical value they don’t let them slip away. For example, the inventor of the dishwasher American Josephine Cochrane loved to give dinner parties. But she found it took long to wash her dishes by hand and too many of them broke. She decided that a machine could do the job faster and with fewer mistakes. So in 1886 she set out to make one for herself. Cochrane’s most wonderful inventions are created to solve the problem. So the first and most important step is to find the problem. You can start by looking at what is wrong with the things you are using now. You can ask grandparents or neighbors if they remember ever saying: “I wish someone would invent something for ...” Or you can look at people in different areas — such as on the street or at school. Then you might notice situations or things in need of improvement. Remember to record your ideas and work. This will help you develop your invention and protect (保护) it when it is completed. The next step is to think about possible solutions. An invention is a new way of solving a problem. So think of many varied (各种各样的) and unusual ways. You can often come up with a solution to a problem by looking at it from a different angle (角度) or thinking about it in a new way. And the hardest part of inventing even for a lot of inventors is finding a problem and coming up with a solution. Once you have an idea you can always get help to build your invention. This problem-solving technique can also work in your everyday lives. So why not try it in your studies, in your relationship with others or even in the way you look at the world? 21．完成句子。 Josephine Cochrane found it took long to wash her dishes . 22．用英语表达文中画线单词one所指代的内容： 23．找出并写下第四段的主题句。 24．What is the hardest part of inventing? 25．将文中画线句子翻译成汉语。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$