专题20 强调句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气四大要点归纳（讲义）-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第20个专题，内容为动强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题20 强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气（讲+练）【考点解读】 强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气是语法中的难点，在春季高考中，有时会出现，在复习时要抓住重点，熟悉结构特点以及题型，为考试做好准备。 【知识点清单一】强调句 一、概念 强调句是一种通过特定结构来突出句子中某一成分（如主语、宾语、状语等）的句型，其核心目的是强调句子的重点信息，使表达更具感染力和针对性。 二、强调句的基本结构 项目 说明 强调句的典型结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分 被强调部分 可以是主语、宾语、状语等，若被强调部分是人，可用who/that； 若为物或其他成分，多用that。 时态匹配 若原句为现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...； 若原句为过去时，用It was...that/who...。 三、不同成分的强调示例 强调部分 原句 强调句 强调主语 Mary bought a book yesterday.（玛丽昨天买了一本书。） It was Mary who/that bought a book yesterday.（是玛丽昨天买了一本书。） 强调宾语 I saw John at the park.（我在公园看见约翰了。） It was John that/who I saw at the park.（我在公园看见的是约翰。） 强调时间状语 She left home at 7 a.m.（她早上 7 点离开家。） It was at 7 a.m. that she left home.（她是在早上 7 点离开家的。） 强调地点状语 They found the key in the garden.（他们在花园里找到了钥匙。） It was in the garden that they found the key.（他们是在花园里找到钥匙的。） 【即时训练】 1.It was Tom ______ helped me with my math homework last night.​ A. whom​ B. which​ C. who​ D. what​ 答案：C​ 解析：此句强调主语 “Tom”（人），在强调句中，当被强调部分是人且作主语时，可用 “who” 或 “that”，这里 “who” 更合适，所以选 C。“whom” 用于人作宾语，“which” 用于物，“what” 不能用于强调句这种结构，因此 A、B、D 错误。 2.It is the beautiful scenery ______ makes this place a popular tourist destination.​ A. what​ B. that​ C. who​ D. where​ 答案：B​ 解析：句子强调的是主语 “the beautiful scenery”（物），在强调句中，被强调部分为物或其他成分时，通常用 “that”，所以选 B。“what” 不用于强调句结构；“who” 用于强调人；“where” 用于表示地点，均不符合本题强调句结构，故 A、C、D 错误。 3.______ was it that you met your old friend?​ A. When​ B. What​ C. Which​ D. How many​ 答案：A​ 解析：此为强调句的特殊疑问句形式 “特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that...?”，根据句子意思 “你是____遇见你的老朋友的？”，询问时间，所以用特殊疑问词 “When”，选 A。“What”（什么）、“Which”（哪一个）、“How many”（多少）均不符合询问时间的语境，因此 B、C、D 错误。 4.It was not until midnight ______ he finished his project.​ A. when​ B. that​ C. which​ D. where​ 答案：B​ 解析：本题考查强调 “not...until...” 结构，其强调句结构为 “It is/was not until...that + 肯定句”，所以此处应填 “that”，选 B。“when”“which”“where” 均不能用于该强调结构，故 A、C、D 错误 。​ 5.It ______ my parents who taught me the importance of honesty.​ A. is​ B. was​ C. are​ D. were 答案：B​ 解析：根据 “taught” 可知句子时态为过去时，在强调句 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分” 中，原句是过去时，be 动词要用 “was”，所以选 B。“is” 用于现在时，“are” 和 “were” 不符合强调句的单数形式结构，因此 A、C、D 错误。 四、强调句的疑问句形式 疑问句 结构 例句 一般疑问句 Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who...? Was it yesterday that you met her?（你是昨天遇见她的吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that...? What is it that you want?（你到底想要什么？） 五、强调句与其他句型的区别 场景 区别 例句 与定语从句的区别 强调句中，去掉 “It is/was...that/who...” 后，剩余部分仍为完整句子； It is the book that I need.（去掉结构后：I need the book. 句子完整。） 定语从句中，关系词（如 who/that）在从句中充当成分，去掉后句子不完整。 It is the book that I need most.（去掉 that 后：I need most. 句子不完整。） 与形式主语 It 的句型区别 强调句的被强调部分可还原到句子中，而形式主语句无法还原。 It is important to study.（it是形式主语） 六、强调句的特殊用法 特殊用法 结构 例句 强调 not... Until... 结构 It is/was not until ...that + 肯定句 原句：He didn’t leave until I arrived. 他直到我到了才离开。 强调句：It was not until I arrived that he left. 直到我到了，他才离开。 强调谓语动词 此时不用固定结构，而是在动词前加do/does/did（仅用于肯定句和祈使句）。 She does like coffee.她确实喜欢咖啡。 Do come early tomorrow!明天一定要早来！ 七、注意事项 被强调部分若为复数名词，be 动词仍用 is/was（因 It 为单数）。 强调句中 that/who 不可省略，但当被强调部分为宾语且指人时，who/that 可省略（较口语化）。 【即时训练】 1.______ was it that you found the lost key?​ A. Why​ B. Who​ C. Where​ D. Whom​ 答案：C​ 解析：本题为强调句的特殊疑问句形式 “特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that...?”，根据句意 “你是____找到丢失的钥匙的？”，询问地点，所以用 “Where”，选 C。“Why”（为什么）询问原因，“Who”（谁）和 “Whom”（谁，宾格）用于询问人，均不符合语境，因此 A、B、D 错误。​ 2.Is it the museum ______ you visited last week?​ A. where​ B. that​ C. what​ D. when​ 答案：B​ 解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句形式 “Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who...?”，强调的是宾语 “the museum”（物），所以用 “that”，选 B。“where” 和 “when” 在句中作状语，“what” 不用于强调句结构，故 A、C、D 错误。​ 3.判断下列句子属于强调句的是：​ A. It is clear that he is right.​ B. It was a pen that he gave me.​ C. It is time that we went home.​ D. It seems that she is happy.​ 答案：B​ 解析：选项 B 去掉 “It was...that...” 后为 “He gave me a pen”，句子完整，符合强调句特征；选项 A、C、D 中，“It is clear that...”“It is time that...”“It seems that...” 均为固定句型，“it” 为形式主语，被强调部分无法还原，不属于强调句，所以选 B。​ 4.It was not until she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous singer.​ A. when​ B. which​ C. that​ D. where​ 答案：C​ 解析：本题考查强调 “not...until...” 结构，其强调句结构为 “It is/was not until...that + 肯定句”，所以此处应填 “that”，选 C。“when”“which”“where” 均不能用于该强调结构，故 A、B、D 错误。​ 5.He ______ finish the task on time yesterday.​ A. do​ B. does​ C. did​ D. doing​ 答案：C​ 解析：本题考查强调谓语动词的用法，在肯定句中强调谓语动词需在动词前加 “do/does/did”，根据 “yesterday” 可知句子时态为过去时，所以用 “did”，选 C。“do” 用于一般现在时复数主语或祈使句，“does” 用于一般现在时第三人称单数主语，“doing” 为现在分词形式，均不符合本题要求，因此 A、B、D 错误。 【知识点清单二】倒装句 一、倒装句基本概念 倒装句是通过调整主语和谓语的位置，达到强调、平衡或修辞效果的句式。 根据谓语动词的位置变化，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 二、完全倒装（谓语动词全部提前）结构总结 标志词/结构 例句 注意事项 Here/There+谓语+主语 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装（如：Here it is.） 地点副词（in, out, up, down等）+谓语 +主语 Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 谓语动词多为表示运动的动词（come, go, rush等） 介词短语（表地点）+谓语+主语 On the hill stands a tower. 山上矗立着一座塔。 谓语动词常用be, lie, stand等存在动词 There be句型 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 可扩展为There live/exist等结构 三、部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）结构总结 标志词/结构 例句 注意事项 否定词/短语开头（never, hardly, little等） Never have I seen such a film.我从未看过这样的电影。 助动词提前，谓语动词用原形 Only + 状语开头 Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有这样我们才能解决问题。 状语可以是副词、介词短语或从句，主语为人称代词时不倒装 So/Such...that...结构 So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch him.他跑得太快，我追不上。 So + 形容词/副词，Such + 名词提前 虚拟条件句省略if Had I known the truth, I would have told you.如果我知道真相，我就告诉你了。 原句为If I had known，省略if后had提前 As/Though引导的让步状语从句 Young as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他年轻，却懂得很多。 表语、状语或动词原形提前，单数名词提前时省略冠词 四、考点汇总 考点 说明 完全倒装 here/there/地点副词/介词短语位于句首，主语为名词时谓语全部倒装。 Only倒装 Only修饰状语时，主句部分倒装，修饰主语时不倒装。 否定词倒装 never, hardly, not until等位于句首时，主句部分倒装。 虚拟倒装 省略if的虚拟条件句，had/should/were提前。 让步倒装 as/though引导的从句，表语/状语/动词原形提前。 【即时训练】 1. On the foot of the hill ______ two apple trees. A. stood B. standing C. stands D. stand 答案：D 解析：主语“two apple trees”是复数，谓语动词用原形“stand”，介词短语“on the foot of the hill”置于句首引起完全倒装。 2. Here ______！Where is Xiao Liu? A. comes the bus B. the bus comes C. come the bus D. the bus come 答案：C 解析：主语“photos”是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式“are”，符合完全倒装结构。 3. ______ some photos of my school. They are very beautiful. A. am B. is C. are D. be 3. 答案：A 解析：主语“the bus”是单数名词，谓语动词用“comes”，Here位于句首引起完全倒装。 4. ______ did I realize how much time I had wasted. A. Not until I began to work B. Until I began to work C. Only I began to work D. No sooner I began to work 答案：A 解析：否定词“Not until”位于句首，主句部分倒装，助动词“did”提前。 5. ______ he finished his homework than he went out to play. A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. Scarcely had D. Not until had 答案：B 解析：“No sooner...than...”结构中，No sooner位于句首，主句部分倒装，助动词“had”提前。 6. ______ the problem, he would help us. A. Should he solve B. If he solves C. If he will solve D. Does he solve 答案：A 解析：虚拟条件句省略if，should提前，构成部分倒装。 四、特殊情况与注意事项 特殊情况 例句 主谓一致：倒装句中谓语动词的单复数需与主语保持一致。 Here is the book.（主语the book单数） Only修饰主语不倒装 Only John knows the answer.（主语John不倒装） So/Neither/Nor的区别 She likes music. So do I.（我也喜欢） She doesn’t like math. Neither do I.（我也不喜欢） 【即时训练】 1. ______ a tall building!（省略句） A. What B. How C. Here D. There 答案：D 解析：省略句“there be”结构，完整句为There is a tall building! 2. Only after the exam ______ realize the importance of study. A. he did B. did he C. he does D. does he 答案：B 解析：Only修饰状语“after the exam”位于句首，主句部分倒装，助动词“did”提前 3. —He can’t speak French. —______. A. So can I B. Neither can I C. So I can D. Neither I can 答案：B 解析：否定情况用Neither，部分倒装结构为“Neither + 助动词 + 主语” 【知识点清单三】省略句 一、省略句的定义与作用 定义：为避免重复、使句子简洁，省略句中某些成分（如主语、谓语、宾语等）的语法现象。 作用：简化表达，突出重点，符合英语 “简洁性” 原则。 二、省略句的核心类型及考点解析 核心类型 考点解析 例句 状语从句中的省略 省略条件 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 时间状语从句 原句：When she was walking in the park, she met an old friend. 省略：When walking in the park, she met an old friend.（省略 she was） 条件状语从句 原句：If you are invited, you can go to the party. 省略：If invited, you can go to the party.（省略 you are） 让步状语从句 原句：Although he is young, he knows a lot. 省略：Although young, he knows a lot.（省略 he is） 方式状语从句 原句：She acts as if she were an expert. 省略：She acts as if an expert.（省略 she were） 注意事项 若从句主语与主句主语不一致，不可省略 When the teacher came in, the students stood up. 不可省略 the teacher。 不定式中的省略 省略 to 后的动词原形 感官动词 / 使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾补（如 see, hear, make, let 等） 例：I saw her enter the room.（省略 to）（省略 to） would rather, had better, why not 等结构 例：You had better stay at home. 省略 to（保留 to） 当不定式在 hope, want, like, love 等动词后被省略时，保留 to 例：—Can you come to the party? —I’d love to.（省略 come to the party） 并列句中的省略 省略谓语或谓语部分 Tom likes singing, and Mary dancing.（Mary 后省略 likes） 省略宾语 I like coffee, and she tea.（she 后省略 likes） 名词性从句中的省略 宾语从句中的 that 省略 动词后宾语从句的 that 可省略（如 think, believe, know 等） 例：I think (that) he is right. 但多个宾语从句并列时，仅第一个 that 可省略 例：He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest.（第二个 that 不可省） 虚拟语气中的 should 省略 在 suggest, order, require 等表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的动词后的宾语从句中，should 可省略 例：He suggested (should) go there at once.（省略 should） 口语中的省略 省略主语 (You) Got it?（常见于对话中） 省略谓语或句子其他成分 —How are you? —(I’m) Fine, thanks. 三、省略句解题技巧 技巧 说明 例句 还原法 将省略部分补充完整，便于理解句意 While waiting, he read a book. → While (he was) waiting, he read a book. 一致性原则 判断省略部分与主句的主语、时态是否一致 从句省略的主语必须与主句主语一致，否则为错误） 记忆固定搭配 牢记感官动词、使役动词等后省略 to 的情况 四、常考易错点 错误示例：When was walking, he fell down.（×，应省略 was） 正确：When walking, he fell down. 注意：否定词 not 不可省略，如：If not invited, don’t go.（not 不可省） 五、助记口诀 “状从主同且有 be，主语 be 动一起去；不定式前 to 可省，感官使役要牢记； 并列句中省重复，宾从 that 常不提；口语交流更简洁，主谓有时都可去。” 【即时训练】 1.When ______ in the street, I met an old friend.​ A. walked​ B. walking​ C. I walking​ D. to walk​ 答案：B​ 解析：When 引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语 I 一致，且从句含 be 动词（I was），可省略主语和 be 动词，完整形式为 When I was walking，故答案选 B。​ 2.If ______ tomorrow, we’ll go on a picnic.​ A. it fine​ B. it will be fine​ C. fine​ D. being fine​ 答案：C​ 解析：If 引导的条件状语从句中，原句为 If it is fine，因从句主语 it 与主句主语不一致，但符合省略 it is 的情况，答案选 C。​ 3.She didn’t come to the party, though ______.​ A. inviting​ B. invited​ C. was invited​ D. to invite​ 答案：B​ 解析：though 引导的让步状语从句，完整形式为 though she was invited，省略 she was，选 B。​ 4.I saw him ______ the classroom just now.​ A. to enter​ B. entered​ C. enter​ D. enters​ 答案：C​ 解析：感官动词 saw 后接宾补，省略 to，即 see sb. do sth.，表示看到动作全过程，选 C。​ 5.—Would you like to go shopping with me?​ —Yes, I’d love ______.​ A. to go​ B. go​ C. to​ D. going​ 答案：C​ 解析：I’d love to 是 I’d love to go shopping with you 的省略，保留 to，选 C。​ 【知识点清单四】虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的基本概念 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观意愿、猜疑或与事实不符合的假设等，并非客观存在。 二、if 条件句的虚拟语气 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与过去事实相反 If + 主语 + had done​ 主语 + should/would/ could/might + have done​ If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.（如果你早点来，你就会赶上公交车了。）​ 与现在事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的一般过去时（be 动词用 were）​ 主语 + should/would/ could/might + 动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。）​ 与将来事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的一般过去时（be 动词用 were）​ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形​ If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形​ 主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形​ If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。） 省略 If 的情况 虚拟语气中，条件从句中 if 省略时，had，were，should 需放于主语前面，构成倒装 If I should meet your father, I would tell him. 可倒装为 Should I meet your father, I would tell him. 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly in the sky freely.​ A. am; can B. were; could C. was; will D. is; would​ 答案：B​ 解析：此句表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，主句用 would/could/might + 动词原形，所以选 B。​ 2.If he ______ more time, he ______ finish the work on time.​ A. has; will B. had; could C. have; can D. having; might​ 答案：B​ 解析：根据虚拟语气与现在事实相反的结构，从句用一般过去时 had，主句用 could + 动词原形，故 B 正确。​ 3.If you ______ me yesterday, I ______ the work.​ A. told; would finish B. had told; would have finished​ C. tell; will finish D. telling; could finish​ 答案：B​ 解析：此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用 had told，主句用 would have finished，所以选 B。​ 4.If he ______ the exam last week, he ______ happy now.​ A. passed; would be B. had passed; would be​ C. passes; will be D. passing; could be​ 答案：B​ 解析：从句是对过去考试情况的虚拟，用 had passed，主句是对现在状态的虚拟，用 would be，B 选项符合。​​ 5.If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ the sports meeting.​ A. rains; will cancel B. rained; would cancel​ C. should rain; would cancel D. raining; could cancel​ 答案：C​ 解析：此句是对将来情况的虚拟假设，从句用 should rain，主句用 would cancel，C 选项正确。​ 6.If he ______ to the party next week, he ______ a great time.​ A. comes; will have B. came; would have​ C. should come; would have D. coming; might have​ 答案：C​ 解析：对将来参加派对情况的虚拟，从句用 should come，主句用 would have，选 C。​ 7.______ I you, I would take the job.​ A. Am B. Were C. Was D. Be​ 答案：B​ 解析：这是省略 if 的虚拟条件句，正常语序是 If I were you，省略 if 后，were 提前，选 B。​ 8.______ he come tomorrow, we would have a meeting.​ A. Does B. Should C. Will D. Is​ 答案：B​ 解析：原句为 If he should come tomorrow，省略 if 后，should 提前，所以选 B。​ 三、虚拟语气在从句中的用法​ 从句 用法 例句 wish 引导的宾语从句 与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 动词用 were）。 I wish I were as tall as you. 与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 I wish I had passed the exam. 与将来事实相反，从句用过去将来时。 I wish I would travel to the moon one day.（我希望有一天能去月球旅行。→ 实际去月球的可能性极低） 表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词引导的宾语从句 一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order, command），四个建议（suggest, advise, propose, recommend），四个要求（ask, demand, request, require）。这些动词引导的宾语从句中谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”，should 常被省略。 He suggested that we（should）start early.（他建议我们早点出发。）​ 在表语从句和同位语从句中 表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其形式为 “(should) + 动词原形”。常用的名词有：advice, preference, demand, proposal, desire, request, requirement, necessity, order, suggestion 等。 His suggestion that we (should) ask teachers for help was rejected.（同位语从句） 当 suggest 表示 “暗示，表明”，insist 表示 “坚持认为” 时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。 在主语从句中 结构：It is + adj./n. + that + 主语 +（should）+ 动词原形​常见形容词或名词：necessary（必要的）, important（重要的）, natural（自然的）, strange（奇怪的）, a pity（遗憾）, a shame（可惜）等。​ It is necessary that we（should）wear masks in public places.（我们在公共场所戴口罩是必要的。） 在方式状语从句中 as if /as though 引导的方式状语从句 与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 动词用 were） She looks after the boy as if he were her own child. 与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时 They were talking as if they had been old friends. 与将来事实相反，从句用过去将来时 其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气 would rather 后接句子：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时表过去的愿望。 I would rather you came tomorrow.（表示将来的愿望） It’s (about /high) time 后的从句：从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用 “should + 动词原形”（should 不能省略），其意为 “（早）该干某事了”。 It’s high time you went to bed. 或 It’s high time you should go to bed. 含蓄虚拟条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件，如通过介词短语（without, but for 等）、连词（or, otherwise 等）、不定式短语、分词短语等。 Without air, no one could live.（= If there were no air, no one could live.） 【即时训练】 1.The teacher suggested that we ______ more English books.​ A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read​ 答案：A​ 解析：suggest 表示 “建议”，其后宾语从句用（should）+ 动词原形，所以选 A。​ 2.The doctor ordered that the patient ______ in bed for a week.​ A. stay B. stays C. staying D. to stay​ 答案：A​ 解析：order 表示 “命令”，宾语从句用（should）+ 动词原形，A 选项正确。​ 3.It is important that we ______ English every day.​ A. study B. studies C. studying D. to study​ 答案：A​ 解析：根据结构，that 从句中用（should）+ 动词原形，所以选 A。​ 4.It is strange that he ______ come to the party.​ A. not B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't​ 答案：A​ 解析：It is strange that... 结构中，从句用（should）+ 动词原形，should 可省略，否定形式直接在动词原形前加 not，所以选 A。​ 5.His proposal is that we ______ a meeting to discuss the problem.​ A. hold B. holds C. holding D. to hold​ 答案：A​ 解析：在表语从句中，用（should）+ 动词原形，选 A。​ 6.The request that the work ______ in a week is reasonable.​ A. finish B. be finished C. finishes D. finishing​ 答案：B​ 解析：工作是被完成，要用被动语态，在同位语从句中用（should）be finished，所以选 B。​ 7.It is high time that we ______ to study for the exam.​ A. start B. started C. starting D. to start​ 答案：B​ 解析：It is high time that... 结构中，从句用过去式或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略），这里用过去式 started，选 B。​ 8.It is time that he ______ up his bad habits.​ A. give B. gives C. gave D. giving​ 答案：C​ 解析：符合 It is time that... 从句用过去式的结构，选 C。​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第20个专题，内容为动强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题20 强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气（讲+练）【考点解读】 强调句、倒装句、省略句和虚拟语气是语法中的难点，在春季高考中，有时会出现，在复习时要抓住重点，熟悉结构特点以及题型，为考试做好准备。 【知识点清单一】强调句 一、概念 强调句是一种通过特定结构来突出句子中某一成分（如主语、宾语、状语等）的句型，其核心目的是强调句子的重点信息，使表达更具感染力和针对性。 二、强调句的基本结构 项目 说明 强调句的典型结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分 被强调部分 可以是主语、宾语、状语等，若被强调部分是人，可用who/that； 若为物或其他成分，多用that。 时态匹配 若原句为现在时或将来时，用It is...that/who...； 若原句为过去时，用It was...that/who...。 三、不同成分的强调示例 强调部分 原句 强调句 强调主语 Mary bought a book yesterday.（玛丽昨天买了一本书。） It was Mary who/that bought a book yesterday.（是玛丽昨天买了一本书。） 强调宾语 I saw John at the park.（我在公园看见约翰了。） It was John that/who I saw at the park.（我在公园看见的是约翰。） 强调时间状语 She left home at 7 a.m.（她早上 7 点离开家。） It was at 7 a.m. that she left home.（她是在早上 7 点离开家的。） 强调地点状语 They found the key in the garden.（他们在花园里找到了钥匙。） It was in the garden that they found the key.（他们是在花园里找到钥匙的。） 【即时训练】 1.It was Tom ______ helped me with my math homework last night.​ A. whom​ B. which​ C. who​ D. what​ 2.It is the beautiful scenery ______ makes this place a popular tourist destination.​ A. what​ B. that​ C. who​ D. where​ 3.______ was it that you met your old friend?​ A. When​ B. What​ C. Which​ D. How many​ 4.It was not until midnight ______ he finished his project.​ A. when​ B. that​ C. which​ D. where​ 5.It ______ my parents who taught me the importance of honesty.​ A. is​ B. was​ C. are​ D. were 四、强调句的疑问句形式 疑问句 结构 例句 一般疑问句 Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who...? Was it yesterday that you met her?（你是昨天遇见她的吗？） 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that...? What is it that you want?（你到底想要什么？） 五、强调句与其他句型的区别 场景 区别 例句 与定语从句的区别 强调句中，去掉 “It is/was...that/who...” 后，剩余部分仍为完整句子； It is the book that I need.（去掉结构后：I need the book. 句子完整。） 定语从句中，关系词（如 who/that）在从句中充当成分，去掉后句子不完整。 It is the book that I need most.（去掉 that 后：I need most. 句子不完整。） 与形式主语 It 的句型区别 强调句的被强调部分可还原到句子中，而形式主语句无法还原。 It is important to study.（it是形式主语） 六、强调句的特殊用法 特殊用法 结构 例句 强调 not... Until... 结构 It is/was not until ...that + 肯定句 原句：He didn’t leave until I arrived. 他直到我到了才离开。 强调句：It was not until I arrived that he left. 直到我到了，他才离开。 强调谓语动词 此时不用固定结构，而是在动词前加do/does/did（仅用于肯定句和祈使句）。 She does like coffee.她确实喜欢咖啡。 Do come early tomorrow!明天一定要早来！ 七、注意事项 被强调部分若为复数名词，be 动词仍用 is/was（因 It 为单数）。 强调句中 that/who 不可省略，但当被强调部分为宾语且指人时，who/that 可省略（较口语化）。 【即时训练】 1.______ was it that you found the lost key?​ A. Why​ B. Who​ C. Where​ D. Whom​ 2.Is it the museum ______ you visited last week?​ A. where​ B. that​ C. what​ D. when​ 3.判断下列句子属于强调句的是：​ A. It is clear that he is right.​ B. It was a pen that he gave me.​ C. It is time that we went home.​ D. It seems that she is happy.​ 4.It was not until she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous singer.​ A. when​ B. which​ C. that​ D. where​ 5.He ______ finish the task on time yesterday.​ A. do​ B. does​ C. did​ D. doing​ 【知识点清单二】倒装句 一、倒装句基本概念 倒装句是通过调整主语和谓语的位置，达到强调、平衡或修辞效果的句式。 根据谓语动词的位置变化，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 二、完全倒装（谓语动词全部提前）结构总结 标志词/结构 例句 注意事项 Here/There+谓语+主语 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。 主语必须是名词，若为代词则不倒装（如：Here it is.） 地点副词（in, out, up, down等）+谓语 +主语 Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 谓语动词多为表示运动的动词（come, go, rush等） 介词短语（表地点）+谓语+主语 On the hill stands a tower. 山上矗立着一座塔。 谓语动词常用be, lie, stand等存在动词 There be句型 There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 可扩展为There live/exist等结构 三、部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）结构总结 标志词/结构 例句 注意事项 否定词/短语开头（never, hardly, little等） Never have I seen such a film.我从未看过这样的电影。 助动词提前，谓语动词用原形 Only + 状语开头 Only in this way can we solve the problem.只有这样我们才能解决问题。 状语可以是副词、介词短语或从句，主语为人称代词时不倒装 So/Such...that...结构 So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch him.他跑得太快，我追不上。 So + 形容词/副词，Such + 名词提前 虚拟条件句省略if Had I known the truth, I would have told you.如果我知道真相，我就告诉你了。 原句为If I had known，省略if后had提前 As/Though引导的让步状语从句 Young as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他年轻，却懂得很多。 表语、状语或动词原形提前，单数名词提前时省略冠词 四、考点汇总 考点 说明 完全倒装 here/there/地点副词/介词短语位于句首，主语为名词时谓语全部倒装。 Only倒装 Only修饰状语时，主句部分倒装，修饰主语时不倒装。 否定词倒装 never, hardly, not until等位于句首时，主句部分倒装。 虚拟倒装 省略if的虚拟条件句，had/should/were提前。 让步倒装 as/though引导的从句，表语/状语/动词原形提前。 【即时训练】 1. On the foot of the hill ______ two apple trees. A. stood B. standing C. stands D. stand 2. Here ______！Where is Xiao Liu? A. comes the bus B. the bus comes C. come the bus D. the bus come 3. ______ some photos of my school. They are very beautiful. A. am B. is C. are D. be 4. ______ did I realize how much time I had wasted. A. Not until I began to work B. Until I began to work C. Only I began to work D. No sooner I began to work 5. ______ he finished his homework than he went out to play. A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. Scarcely had D. Not until had 6. ______ the problem, he would help us. A. Should he solve B. If he solves C. If he will solve D. Does he solve 四、特殊情况与注意事项 特殊情况 例句 主谓一致：倒装句中谓语动词的单复数需与主语保持一致。 Here is the book.（主语the book单数） Only修饰主语不倒装 Only John knows the answer.（主语John不倒装） So/Neither/Nor的区别 She likes music. So do I.（我也喜欢） She doesn’t like math. Neither do I.（我也不喜欢） 【即时训练】 1. ______ a tall building!（省略句） A. What B. How C. Here D. There 2. Only after the exam ______ realize the importance of study. A. he did B. did he C. he does D. does he 3. —He can’t speak French. —______. A. So can I B. Neither can I C. So I can D. Neither I can 【知识点清单三】省略句 一、省略句的定义与作用 定义：为避免重复、使句子简洁，省略句中某些成分（如主语、谓语、宾语等）的语法现象。 作用：简化表达，突出重点，符合英语 “简洁性” 原则。 二、省略句的核心类型及考点解析 核心类型 考点解析 例句 状语从句中的省略 省略条件 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。 时间状语从句 原句：When she was walking in the park, she met an old friend. 省略：When walking in the park, she met an old friend.（省略 she was） 条件状语从句 原句：If you are invited, you can go to the party. 省略：If invited, you can go to the party.（省略 you are） 让步状语从句 原句：Although he is young, he knows a lot. 省略：Although young, he knows a lot.（省略 he is） 方式状语从句 原句：She acts as if she were an expert. 省略：She acts as if an expert.（省略 she were） 注意事项 若从句主语与主句主语不一致，不可省略 When the teacher came in, the students stood up. 不可省略 the teacher。 不定式中的省略 省略 to 后的动词原形 感官动词 / 使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾补（如 see, hear, make, let 等） 例：I saw her enter the room.（省略 to）（省略 to） would rather, had better, why not 等结构 例：You had better stay at home. 省略 to（保留 to） 当不定式在 hope, want, like, love 等动词后被省略时，保留 to 例：—Can you come to the party? —I’d love to.（省略 come to the party） 并列句中的省略 省略谓语或谓语部分 Tom likes singing, and Mary dancing.（Mary 后省略 likes） 省略宾语 I like coffee, and she tea.（she 后省略 likes） 名词性从句中的省略 宾语从句中的 that 省略 动词后宾语从句的 that 可省略（如 think, believe, know 等） 例：I think (that) he is right. 但多个宾语从句并列时，仅第一个 that 可省略 例：He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest.（第二个 that 不可省） 虚拟语气中的 should 省略 在 suggest, order, require 等表示 “建议、命令、要求” 的动词后的宾语从句中，should 可省略 例：He suggested (should) go there at once.（省略 should） 口语中的省略 省略主语 (You) Got it?（常见于对话中） 省略谓语或句子其他成分 —How are you? —(I’m) Fine, thanks. 三、省略句解题技巧 技巧 说明 例句 还原法 将省略部分补充完整，便于理解句意 While waiting, he read a book. → While (he was) waiting, he read a book. 一致性原则 判断省略部分与主句的主语、时态是否一致 从句省略的主语必须与主句主语一致，否则为错误） 记忆固定搭配 牢记感官动词、使役动词等后省略 to 的情况 四、常考易错点 错误示例：When was walking, he fell down.（×，应省略 was） 正确：When walking, he fell down. 注意：否定词 not 不可省略，如：If not invited, don’t go.（not 不可省） 五、助记口诀 “状从主同且有 be，主语 be 动一起去；不定式前 to 可省，感官使役要牢记； 并列句中省重复，宾从 that 常不提；口语交流更简洁，主谓有时都可去。” 【即时训练】 1.When ______ in the street, I met an old friend.​ A. walked​ B. walking​ C. I walking​ D. to walk​ 2.If ______ tomorrow, we’ll go on a picnic.​ A. it fine​ B. it will be fine​ C. fine​ D. being fine​ 3.She didn’t come to the party, though ______.​ A. inviting​ B. invited​ C. was invited​ D. to invite​ 4.I saw him ______ the classroom just now.​ A. to enter​ B. entered​ C. enter​ D. enters​ 5.—Would you like to go shopping with me?​ —Yes, I’d love ______.​ A. to go​ B. go​ C. to​ D. going​​ 【知识点清单四】虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的基本概念 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观意愿、猜疑或与事实不符合的假设等，并非客观存在。 二、if 条件句的虚拟语气 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与过去事实相反 If + 主语 + had done​ 主语 + should/would/ could/might + have done​ If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.（如果你早点来，你就会赶上公交车了。）​ 与现在事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的一般过去时（be 动词用 were）​ 主语 + should/would/ could/might + 动词原形 If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。）​ 与将来事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词的一般过去时（be 动词用 were）​ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形​ If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形​ 主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形​ If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。） 省略 If 的情况 虚拟语气中，条件从句中 if 省略时，had，were，should 需放于主语前面，构成倒装 If I should meet your father, I would tell him. 可倒装为 Should I meet your father, I would tell him. 【即时训练】 1.If I ______ a bird, I ______ fly in the sky freely.​ A. am; can B. were; could C. was; will D. is; would​ 2.If he ______ more time, he ______ finish the work on time.​ A. has; will B. had; could C. have; can D. having; might​ 3.If you ______ me yesterday, I ______ the work.​ A. told; would finish B. had told; would have finished​ C. tell; will finish D. telling; could finish​ 4.If he ______ the exam last week, he ______ happy now.​ A. passed; would be B. had passed; would be​ C. passes; will be D. passing; could be​ 5.If it ______ tomorrow, we ______ the sports meeting.​ A. rains; will cancel B. rained; would cancel​C. should rain; would cancel D. raining; could cancel​ 6.If he ______ to the party next week, he ______ a great time.​ A. comes; will have B. came; would have​ C. should come; would have D. coming; might have​ 7.______ I you, I would take the job.​ A. Am B. Were C. Was D. Be​ 8.______ he come tomorrow, we would have a meeting.​ A. Does B. Should C. Will D. Is​ 三、虚拟语气在从句中的用法​ 从句 用法 例句 wish 引导的宾语从句 与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 动词用 were）。 I wish I were as tall as you. 与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 I wish I had passed the exam. 与将来事实相反，从句用过去将来时。 I wish I would travel to the moon one day.（我希望有一天能去月球旅行。→ 实际去月球的可能性极低） 表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词引导的宾语从句 一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order, command），四个建议（suggest, advise, propose, recommend），四个要求（ask, demand, request, require）。这些动词引导的宾语从句中谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”，should 常被省略。 He suggested that we（should）start early.（他建议我们早点出发。）​ 在表语从句和同位语从句中 表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气，其形式为 “(should) + 动词原形”。常用的名词有：advice, preference, demand, proposal, desire, request, requirement, necessity, order, suggestion 等。 His suggestion that we (should) ask teachers for help was rejected.（同位语从句） 当 suggest 表示 “暗示，表明”，insist 表示 “坚持认为” 时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。 在主语从句中 结构：It is + adj./n. + that + 主语 +（should）+ 动词原形​常见形容词或名词：necessary（必要的）, important（重要的）, natural（自然的）, strange（奇怪的）, a pity（遗憾）, a shame（可惜）等。​ It is necessary that we（should）wear masks in public places.（我们在公共场所戴口罩是必要的。） 在方式状语从句中 as if /as though 引导的方式状语从句 与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 动词用 were） She looks after the boy as if he were her own child. 与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时 They were talking as if they had been old friends. 与将来事实相反，从句用过去将来时 其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气 would rather 后接句子：一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；用过去完成时表过去的愿望。 I would rather you came tomorrow.（表示将来的愿望） It’s (about /high) time 后的从句：从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用 “should + 动词原形”（should 不能省略），其意为 “（早）该干某事了”。 It’s high time you went to bed. 或 It’s high time you should go to bed. 含蓄虚拟条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件，如通过介词短语（without, but for 等）、连词（or, otherwise 等）、不定式短语、分词短语等。 Without air, no one could live.（= If there were no air, no one could live.） 【即时训练】 1.The teacher suggested that we ______ more English books.​ A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read​ 2.The doctor ordered that the patient ______ in bed for a week.​ A. stay B. stays C. staying D. to stay​ 3.It is important that we ______ English every day.​ A. study B. studies C. studying D. to study​ 4.It is strange that he ______ come to the party.​ A. not B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't​ 5.His proposal is that we ______ a meeting to discuss the problem.​ A. hold B. holds C. holding D. to hold​ 6.The request that the work ______ in a week is reasonable.​ A. finish B. be finished C. finishes D. finishing​ 7.It is high time that we ______ to study for the exam.​ A. start B. started C. starting D. to start​ 8.It is time that he ______ up his bad habits.​ A. give B. gives C. gave D. giving​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$