第06讲 Unit 3 语法（一般现在时被动语态、疑问词+to do、现在进行表将来、构词法）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（仁爱科普版）

第06讲 Unit3 语法 （一般现在时被动语态、疑问词+to do、现在进行表将来、构词法） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点 1 一般现在时态被动语态 一般现在时态被动语态 English is spoken as the main language in America. 在美国，英语是作为主要的语言来说的。 这个句子的考点在于对被动语态的理解。 (1) 这句话用的是被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即“主动”去做。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： She reads English books. 她读英语书。 The flowers are watered by her every day. 她每天浇花儿。 (2)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are ＋ v.­ed。被动语态的用法如下： ①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 ②强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 如： This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法： ①把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； ②把谓语变成被动结构(be ＋ 动词的过去分词)； ③把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如： I make a plane.→ A plane is made by me. 1．—Master Li, when will we start the new machine? —Take your time. Not until all the parts ________ carefully. A．are checked B．will check C．will be checked D．check 2．In China, a kid’s tenth birthday is an important event and it ________ with a special party. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．was celebrated D．celebrated 3．—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 4．—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 5．Yuan Longping is a great scientist. Today, he ________ by people all over the world. A．is loved B．was loved C．will be loved · 思路点拨： 1.句意：——李师傅，我们什么时候启动这台新机器？——别急。直到所有零件都被仔细检查之后。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。Not until... 引导时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则（主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来）。本句中，主句省略了“we will start the machine”，从句需用一般现在时；“all the parts”与“check”之间是被动关系，即“零件被检查”，需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，所以填are checked。故选A。 2. 句意：在中国，孩子的十岁生日是一个重要的事情，通常会用特别的派对来庆祝。考查动词时态和语态。此句为一般现在时，主语“it”与谓语动词“celebrate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选B。 3. 句意：——为什么我不能说我想说的话？——请耐心点。一次只允许一个学生发言。考查被动语态和主谓一致。本句时态为一般现在时，one of the students是动作allow的承受者，要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是“one of the students”，谓语动词应用三单。故选C。 4. 句意：——我上班路上要花近两个小时。这让我很沮丧。——别担心。明年地铁建成后会方便得多。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句要用一般现在时，且“the underground”与“build”之间是被动关系，即地铁被建造，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is built。故选C。 5.句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家。今天，他深受全世界人民的爱戴。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Yuan Longping is a great scientist. Today, he...by people all over the world.”可知，此处指袁隆平被全世界人民爱戴着，用被动语态，结合“Today”，可知应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。故选A。 · 答案1. A 2. B 3.C 4.C 5.A 考点 2 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构 I don ’ t know what to do. 我不知道我该做什么。 本句含有“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构，这种结构有两种形式：“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”和“疑问词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 动词不定式”。如： I don ’ t know what to write. 我不知道写什么。 I don ’ t know which subject to choose. 我不知道选哪个科目。 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构中的疑问词是指疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词how，when，where等。 (1)“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。如： Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the supermarket? ＝ Excuse me, can you tell me how I can get to the supermarket? 打扰了，你能告诉我怎么去超市吗？ (2)“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构经常放在tell，show，teach，learn，know，wonder，discuss，remember，forget，find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语。如： Miss Li is telling the students how to do the experiment. 李老师正在教学生如何做实验。 在翻译“怎么办”时，许多同学译成how to do，实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误。“怎么办”的实际意义是“做什么”，故应用代词what作动词do的宾语，而不用副词how。只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it。 1.There are so many kinds of books here. I can’t decide ________. A．when to choose B．where to choose C．which one to choose D．how to choose 2．Could you please tell me ________ this problem? A．how to work out B．to work out how C．what to work out D．you how work out 3．—I’ll have a ten-day holiday, but I don’t know ________. —How about Paris? A．where to go B．how to go C．what to go · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：这里有很多种类的书。我不能决定选哪一种。考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。when to choose什么时候选择；where to choose选择哪里；which one to choose选择哪个；how to choose如何选择。根据“There are so many kinds of books here.”可知，无法决定选择哪一种书，故选C。 2. 句意：你能告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。根据“tell me”可知，此处考查疑问词+动词不定式结构，B和D选项结构错误；根据“this problem”可知，此处指“如何解决问题”，所以疑问词用how。故选A。 3. 句意：——我将有十天的假期，但我不知道去哪里。——巴黎怎么样？考查where引导的宾语从句。where to go去哪里；how to go怎么去；what to go去什么。根据“How about Paris”可知，此处想知道去哪里，要用where+动词不定式作宾语。故选A。 · 答案1. C 2. A 3.A 考点 3 构词法 考点一　合成法 　　将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。常用的合成词的构成方法如下： 1.合成形容词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed white-haired， warm-hearted 形容词 ＋ 现在分词 good-looking， easy-going 形容词 ＋ 过去分词 ready-made， newborn 副词 ＋ 现在分词 hard-working 副词 ＋ 过去分词 well-known 名词 ＋ 现在分词 English-speaking， south-facing 名词 ＋ 过去分词 man-made， snow-covered 名词 ＋ 形容词 snow-white， homesick 数词 ＋ 名词 100-meter， million-pound 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 形容词 180-foot-high， 10-year-old 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed four-legged， one-eyed 2.合成动词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 副词 ＋ 动词 overcome， understand 形容词 ＋ 动词 dry-clean 名词 ＋ 动词 sleepwalk 3.合成名词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 名词 ＋ 名词 classroom， weekend， bookshop 名词 ＋ 动词 haircut， sunrise 形容词 ＋ 名词 highway， blackboard， greenhouse 动词 ＋ 副词 get-together， breakdown 名词 ＋ 动名词 handwriting， storytelling 副词 ＋ 名词 outbreak， overcoat 动名词＋名词 dining room， sleeping car 4.合成副词或代词。如：outdoors， maybe， forever， myself。 5.有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如：handbag， handball， handwriting， handmade。 考点二　派生法 　　在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 前缀一般不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有： 前缀 意义 例词 un-， dis-， im-， in-， non- “不，非”，表示否定 unpleasant， unfriendly； dishonest， disappear； impossible， impolite； incorrect， indirect； non-smoking mis- 表示“坏/错的（地）” misunderstand， mislead inter- 表示“互相”“在……之间” interview， international， Internet re- 表示“重复” rewrite， review， retell pre- 表示“在……之前” preschool， preview（预 览；事先查看） mini- 表示“小” minibus， miniskirt super- 表示“超” superhero， supermarket 　　个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化，如： （1）en-和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge（扩大）， enable（使能够）， encourage（鼓励）； （2）a-和动词构成形容词：asleep（睡着的）， awake（醒着的）。 2.后缀 后缀能改变词义和词性。 （1）常用的构成名词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -er 人 worker， singer -or 人 actor， visitor， director -ist 人 artist， dentist， scientist， tourist -ress/-ess 女性 actress， waitress， hostess -hood 身份，状态 childhood， boyhood -ment 行为，动作，结果 government， movement，development -ness 状态，性质 illness， happiness，tiredness -ion 动作，状态 discussion， decision -th 状态 length， wealth， truth -ism 主义，现象 socialism， tourism -ese 人 Japanese， Chinese -ian 人 musician， historian -ship 状态 friendship， membership （2）常用的构成动词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -en 使…… widen -fy 使…… beautify （3）常用的构成副词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -（l）y 副词词尾 slowly， happily， simply -ward（s） 朝……， 向…… eastward（s）， backward（s） （4）常用的构成形容词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -able 能够……的 agreeable， enjoyable -an ……（人）的 American， Canadian -al ……的 political， musical -en 由……制成 wooden， golden -ed ……的 blue-eyed -ful 充满……的 careful， painful，hopeful， playful -ish ……的 foolish， British -less 没有……的 careless， useless， hopeless -ly 充满，表性质 friendly， lonely -ous 有……的 famous， dangerous -y 充满，表性质 rainy， dirty， sunny 考点三　 转化法 　　英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫作词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易理解它们的引申义。 1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 （1）动词转化为名词。 •Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday？ 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗？ （句中的drive由动词转化为名词，词义引申为“驱车旅行”） •I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。 （句中walk由动词转化为名词） （2）名词转化为动词。 •Have you booked your ticket？你的票订好了吗？ （句中book由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“预订”） •Hand me your knife， please. 请把你的刀子递给我。 （句中hand由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“递；给”） 2.形容词转化为动词。 •The train slowed down to half of its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。 （句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“减速”） •Don’t dirty your clothes. 别把你的衣服弄脏了。 （句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“弄脏”） 3.形容词转化为名词。 •Moya has got through to the final. 莫亚已进入决赛。 （句中final由形容词转化为名词，词义引申为“决赛”） 考点四　缩写和简写 　　缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。例如： airplane→plane， telephone→phone， laboratory→lab， examination→exam， mathematics→maths， advertisement→ad， Doctor→Dr. （医生/博士） 此外，还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。例如： AI（artificial intelligence）人工智能 PE（physical education）体育 CPC（Communist Party of China）中国共产党 PLA（Chinese People’s Liberation Army）中国人民解放军 PRC（People’s Republic of China）中华人民共和国 WWF（World Wide Fund for Nature）世界自然基金会 WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织 WHO（World Health Organization）世界卫生组织 1．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “un-”? A．comfortable B．able C．correct D．important 2．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “roommate”? A．carelessness B．unhappiness C．homesick D．achievement 3．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：下面哪个单词不能加前缀un-？考查构词法。comfortable舒适的，uncomfortable不舒适的；able能的，unable不能的；correct正确的，incorrect不正确的；interesting有趣的，uninteresting无趣的。ABD选项的前缀都是un-；C选项的前缀是in-。故选C。 2. 句意：下列哪个单词与“roommate”的构词方式相同？考查构词方式。carelessness是由“careless” 加上名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；unhappiness 是由“happy” 加前缀“un-”并加名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；roommate由两个名词“room”和“mate”构成的合成词；achievement 是由动词“achieve”加名词后缀 “-ment” 形成的派生词。“roommate” 是由两个名词 “room” 和 “mate” 组合在一起构成合成词，所以homesick与其构词方式相同。故选C。 3. 句意：PRC是中华人民共和国的缩写。考查缩写。WTO世界贸易组织；PLA中国人民解放军；NBA美国职业篮球联赛；PRC中华人民共和国。根据“ the People’s Republic of China.”可知，中华人民共和国的缩写是PRC。故选D。 · 答案1. C 2. C 3.D 考点 4 现在进行时表将来 1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如；come. go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.我打算明天离开。 Are you staying here till next week?你要在这儿待到下个星期吗? They 're coming here this afternoon 今天下午他们要来这儿 She is leaving on the New York flight.她要乘飞纽约的航班去。 Do you know if he is going td school tomorrow?你知道明天他上不上学吗? What time are you coming back?你准备什么时候回来? I am starting early tomorrow mormng.我打算明天一早就动身。 The delegation is arriving this afternoon. 代表团将于今天下午到达。 2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如 do, meet, have. play, spend 等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语 What are you doing next Sundav?下周日你要千什么? My mother is buying me a bike soon 我妈妈很快要给我买一辆自行车 We are playing football this afternoon.今天下午我们要踢足球。 We're probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens. 我们会和格林一家共度复活节。 I'm meeting Janet later this evening、今晚我会与珍妮见面 3. 现在进行时偶尔也表示较远的将来， When I grow up, I'm joining the army.我长大了要 军 4.表示将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定结构中， I'm not going there.我不去那儿了。 I'm not waiting for her any longer,我下会再等她了， 1．—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 2．—Look out! The bus ________. Don’t rush. —OK. It’s quite dangerous. A．comes B．is coming C．has come 3．—Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? —Sorry, Dad, I ________ to the shop. A．go B．went C．am going D．have been 4．The train to Zhenxing Lu ________, please wait in lines. A．arrives B．has arrived C．is arriving D．is arrived 5．—The winter holiday is coming soon. What’s your plan? —I ________ to Shanghai for my vacation next month. A．fly B．am flying C．flew · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：——喂，是吉姆吗？我是彼得。——很抱歉。吉姆要去车站接他的父亲。他的火车下午两点半到达。考查时态。根据“Jim...for the station”可知，吉姆将要去车站，动作发生在将来，leave“离开”在表示将要发生的动作时，要用现在进行时表示，故第一个空填is leaving；根据“His train...at 2: 30 p.m.”可知，他的火车下午两点半到达，火车按照时刻表出发，用一般现在时，故第二个空填arrives。故选D。 2. 句意：——小心！公共汽车来了。别急。——好的。这相当危险。考查时态。根据“Look out!”以及“Don’t rush.”可知，此处表示公共汽车即将到来，动词come要用现在进行时表将来，B项符合。故选B。 3. 句意：——Jim，你可以帮我洗碗吗？——对不起，爸爸，我将去商店。考查一般将来时。根据“Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?”和“Sorry, Dad, I ... to the shop.”可知，此处指“我”将去商店，应用现在进行时表将来，其结构为“be doing”。故选C。 4. 句意：开往振兴路的列车即将进站，请排队等候。考查时态。根据“please wait in lines”可知，排队等候说明列车即将进站，这里需要使用现在进行时来表示火车即将到达的动作。故选C。 5. 句意：——寒假马上就要到了。你的计划是什么？——下个月我将飞往上海度假。考查现在进行时表将来。fly飞行，动词；am flying现在进行时；flew动词fly的过去式。根据“What’s your plan?”和“next month”可知，询问对方寒假的安排，且对方表示计划下个月飞上海，此处应用现在进行时表将来。故选B。 · 答案1. D 2. B 3.C 4.C 5.B 一、语法选择 With the development of our country, it’s truly amazing to see the changes in my hometown. I 1 up in a village in China with my grandparents, and back then, life was simple and then wasn’t much technology around. 2 no smart phones, computers, or even television sets in most homes. The only way 3 news was through a radio at the gate of the village, and only the rich could afford a television. When 4 watched it at night, the whole village would gather around to join in. However, with time goes by, the changes are quite surprising. In recent years, technology 5 an important role in daily life in China. Mobile phones, cars, high-speed trains, and airplanes 6 by people widely. Our quality of life has been 7 improved. The roads are no longer muddy (泥泞的). Almost every family 8 a television, and there is even air conditioning to reduce the summer heat. Medical care can be gotten much 9 with the use of cars or taxis. The world is always changing and developing, and the progress we’ve seen in 10 last 30 years is unbelievable. I can’t help but wonder how different things will be in the next 30 years! 1．A．grow B．will grow C．grew 2．A．They were B．There were C．It was 3．A．receiving B．to receive C．received 4．A．they B．them C．their 5．A．played B．plays C．has played 6．A．are used B．were used C．used 7．A．great B．greatly C．greatness 8．A．have B．has C．had 9．A．easier B．more easily C．easily 10．A．a B．an C．the 二、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The months of the traditional Chinese calendar follow the moon, but did you know that the calendar also follows the sun? In fact, the year 11 (divide) into 24 parts, based on where the sun is in the sky. Each part starts with a solar term, or jieqi in Chinese. These solar terms follow the changes 12 the seasons and the weather. The “Start of Spring” “Start of Summer” “Start of Autumn” and “Start of Winter” divide the year into four seasons. Each of the seasons has six parts 13 each part lasts about 15 days. The solar terms can fall on different dates. They sometimes move a day or two. The 24 solar terms are very 14 (use) in daily life. For example, they help farmers decide when 15 (plant) their crops. The solar terms also play 16 important part in traditional Chinese culture. People 17 (celebrate) these days in different ways in the past, such as 18 (eat) special local dishes. Many of these 19 (tradition) continue in our times. For example, people still eat spring rolls and spring pancakes 20 (celebrate) the “Start of Spring”. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Around the 15th United Nations Chinese Language Day, which fell on April 20, some foreign students of Xi’an International Studies University gathered with Chinese students. Practicing and enjoying Chinese characters together has been a tradition for some foreign Chinese 21 (speaker) and Chinese teachers to get together to mark the United Nations Chinese Language Day. Chinese famous writer Lu Xun in 1930 22 (say) that the beauty of Chinese characters lay in three ways: their meanings educated the mind, their sounds pleased the ears, and their appearances pleased 23 eyes. Another writer Yu Guangzhong also praised Chinese characters highly. The history of Chinese characters can date back over 3,000 years. Different kinds 24 characters were developed, such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu 25 (improve) beauty and writing efficiency (效率). The beauty of Chinese characters is still clear and popular today. Many Chinese characters not only carry meanings but also have cultural significance (意义) passed down through history. Therefore, they are symbols of Chinese 26 (tradition) culture. Through them, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of 27 (we) country. 28 (recent), according to a survey, more than 30 million people worldwide are learning Chinese. Now, the language 29 (teach) in over 190 countries and areas. The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide 30 more people can speak Chinese. 真题感知 1．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Many traffic accidents ________ by careless driving. A．are causing B．are caused C．have caused 2．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 3．（2024·海南·中考真题）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 4．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 6．（2014·陕西·中考真题）Every day, too much water ________ in our school. We should save it. A．is wasted B．wastes C．was wasted D．wasted 7．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 8．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 9．（2020·甘肃·中考真题）Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 10．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 11．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 12．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 13．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 14．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 15．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 二、单词拼写 16．（2021·内蒙古包头·中考真题）We were touched by the of the welcome. (warm) 30．（2021·黑龙江鸡西·中考真题）With the (develop) of science and technology, people can live a better life in the future. 17．（2020·江苏南京·中考真题）The noise made sleep (possible), so I got up and read a book. 18．（2020·黑龙江·中考真题）To my disappointment, the new movie is so (meaning). 19．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 20．（2024·四川德阳·中考真题）I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday unless I am i . 21．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 22．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year. 提升专练 一、单项选择 1．（2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测）—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 2．（2025·福建泉州·二模）—I find sweeping the floor very tiring. —Why not buy a sweeping robot? It ______ widely nowadays. A．used B．is used C．was used 3．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）More electric cars ________ in China to fight air pollution. A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．will produce 4．（2025·福建厦门·二模）You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work ________ unless you read it again and again. A．is expressed B．has expressed C．is expressing 5．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）Paper ________ from wood, and it plays an important role in our daily life. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 6．（2025·上海·模拟预测）—When ________ the train ________? —In ten minutes. A．has; left B．will; be leave C．is; leaving D．did; leave 7．（2024·四川成都·三模）The Dragon Boat Festival we are looking forward to ________ soon. A．coming B．come C．is coming 8．（2024·天津南开·二模）—I don’t know _________.   —Maybe tomorrow. A．when he is leaving B．why is he leaving C．when he was leaving D．what time is he leaving 9．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）— You will hold the house-warming party this evening, right? — Yes. The party we have looked forward to ________. A．coming B．having come C．came D．is coming 10．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 11．（2025·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A．blackboard B．headache C．creative D．snowball 12．（2025·甘肃武威·二模）Which of the follow prefixes (前缀) doesn’t mean “without”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．re- 13．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 14．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following words is formed in the same way as disabled? A．daily B．unfriendly C．pancake D．dishonest 15．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Which of suffix of sub-in the following words has the different meaning as that in the word of “substitute”? A．rescue B．submit C．subway D．submission 二、语法选择 （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is magic to me. My interest in it came from my experience. Years ago, I often had headaches, and my life 16 seriously. 17 I tried many different ways, none of them worked. Luckily, I met with 18 doctor of TCM during my trip in China. He advised me 19 some Chinese medicine. So I did. To my 20 , my pain was gone within a week. Later, I found that TCM could be of great help to some illnesses lasting for a long time, such as sleeping problems or physical pains. The helpful methods in TCM also took my 21 interest. 22 her help and support, I’m running a website to introduce TCM now. I want to show 23 some illnesses and help people understand that if they have some health problems, they can try TCM. All these experiences with TCM led me to study ancient Chinese philosophy (哲学), for many of TCM ideas, such as yin and yang, and qi, were 24 inspired (启发) by it. Since then, I 25 onto the road to learning about Chinese culture. 16．A．is influenced B．was influenced C．influences D．influenced 17．A．Before B．Until C．Because D．Although 18．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 19．A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 20．A．surprise B．surprised C．disappointed D．disappointment 21．A．wife B．wife’s C．son D．son’s 22．A．By B．In C．With D．On 23．A．how TCM treats B．how does TCM treat C．when TCM treats D．when does TCM treat 24．A．direct B．directly C．recent D．recently 25．A．step B．stepped C．will step D．have stepped 三、完形填空 （2025·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面短文，从短文后的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was just another warm spring afternoon. As usual, I was waiting at the school parking lot to pick up my mom. Suddenly, a 26 rolled into the parking lot and stopped in front of me. I looked around and waited for someone to come and collect it, but no one 27 . Just when I was about to pick up the ball, I saw two 28 racing towards me. “Pass it to me! ” One of them shouted. And so I did. They got the ball, quickly thanked me and then went back along their way. I was 29 about where they were from. With plenty of time on my hands, I decided to quietly follow them to their “paradise” (天堂). And there it was—in the school playground, a number of children were 30 , chasing (追赶) balls or making fun of their friends. They were really having a good time! The sight of the children made my heart 31 , reminding me of the carefree days in my good old days. Back then, lunchtime meant 32 food that had been lovingly prepared by my mom, not an oily (含油的), ready-made (现成的) lunch from the staff canteen (食堂). The final exams were the only thing I had to 33 about. Praise from my teachers seemed like a lifetime achievement award. Life has just moved on. Almost ten years have passed since my college graduation. Many more people have entered my life, but 34 of them have created memories as sweet as my school friends had. If I were given the chance to talk to these kids in the playground, I would say, “ 35 is the sweetest time in life.” 26．A．stone B．toy C．ball 27．A．showed off B．showed up C．showed around 28．A．strangers B．kids C．adults 29．A．curious B．nervous C．serious 30．A．arguing B．crying C．laughing 31．A．sad B．heavy C．warm 32．A．home-made B．store-bought C．restaurant-served 33．A．talk B．worry C．learn 34．A．all B．some C．few 35．A．Childhood B．Adulthood C．Neighborhood 四、短文填空 （2025·吉林长春·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I always remember the date when there was no light in my home for more than 10 hours. My parents and I 36 (watch) TV at 4:00 p.m. on February 15th. 37 (sudden) the lights went on and off for a few times. It was clear that there must be something wrong with the circuit (电路). Before my father went to have 38 look, the room became 39 (complete) dark. So we had to use the flashlight to find out what happened. There 40 (be) strong winds and rain outside. We could even feel the coldness through the windows. After several hours, we 41 (realize) that the power wouldn’t come back in a short time. When we prepared to go to bed, my sister shouted, “Look! It began to snow.” It seemed 42 the snow would last for a long time. Since there was still no power, we went to bed earlier 43 usual. The snow stopped the next day. The trees were covered with snow and the road became 44 (ice). Luckily, the power came back in the morning. After a long-time darkness, many people went out 45 (buy) some necessary things while kids were playing happily in the snow. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第06讲 Unit3 语法 （一般现在时被动语态、疑问词+to do、现在进行表将来、构词法） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点 1 一般现在时态被动语态 一般现在时态被动语态 English is spoken as the main language in America. 在美国，英语是作为主要的语言来说的。 这个句子的考点在于对被动语态的理解。 (1) 这句话用的是被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即“主动”去做。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如： She reads English books. 她读英语书。 The flowers are watered by her every day. 她每天浇花儿。 (2)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/are ＋ v.­ed。被动语态的用法如下： ①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。 ②强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 如： This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法： ①把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语； ②把谓语变成被动结构(be ＋ 动词的过去分词)； ③把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如： I make a plane.→ A plane is made by me. 1．—Master Li, when will we start the new machine? —Take your time. Not until all the parts ________ carefully. A．are checked B．will check C．will be checked D．check 2．In China, a kid’s tenth birthday is an important event and it ________ with a special party. A．celebrates B．is celebrated C．was celebrated D．celebrated 3．—Why can’t I say what I want to say? —Please be patient. Only one of the students ________ to speak at a time. A．allows B．allowed C．is allowed D．are allowed 4．—It takes me nearly two hours on the way to work. It makes me very upset. —Don’t worry. It will become much more convenient when the underground ________ next year. A．builds B．will build C．is built D．will be built 5．Yuan Longping is a great scientist. Today, he ________ by people all over the world. A．is loved B．was loved C．will be loved · 思路点拨： 1.句意：——李师傅，我们什么时候启动这台新机器？——别急。直到所有零件都被仔细检查之后。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。Not until... 引导时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则（主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来）。本句中，主句省略了“we will start the machine”，从句需用一般现在时；“all the parts”与“check”之间是被动关系，即“零件被检查”，需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，所以填are checked。故选A。 2. 句意：在中国，孩子的十岁生日是一个重要的事情，通常会用特别的派对来庆祝。考查动词时态和语态。此句为一般现在时，主语“it”与谓语动词“celebrate”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选B。 3. 句意：——为什么我不能说我想说的话？——请耐心点。一次只允许一个学生发言。考查被动语态和主谓一致。本句时态为一般现在时，one of the students是动作allow的承受者，要用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是“one of the students”，谓语动词应用三单。故选C。 4. 句意：——我上班路上要花近两个小时。这让我很沮丧。——别担心。明年地铁建成后会方便得多。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。when引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句要用一般现在时，且“the underground”与“build”之间是被动关系，即地铁被建造，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is built。故选C。 5.句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家。今天，他深受全世界人民的爱戴。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Yuan Longping is a great scientist. Today, he...by people all over the world.”可知，此处指袁隆平被全世界人民爱戴着，用被动语态，结合“Today”，可知应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。故选A。 · 答案1. A 2. B 3.C 4.C 5.A 考点 2 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构 I don ’ t know what to do. 我不知道我该做什么。 本句含有“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构，这种结构有两种形式：“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”和“疑问词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 动词不定式”。如： I don ’ t know what to write. 我不知道写什么。 I don ’ t know which subject to choose. 我不知道选哪个科目。 “疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构中的疑问词是指疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词how，when，where等。 (1)“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。如： Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the supermarket? ＝ Excuse me, can you tell me how I can get to the supermarket? 打扰了，你能告诉我怎么去超市吗？ (2)“疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式”结构经常放在tell，show，teach，learn，know，wonder，discuss，remember，forget，find out等动词(词组)之后作宾语。如： Miss Li is telling the students how to do the experiment. 李老师正在教学生如何做实验。 在翻译“怎么办”时，许多同学译成how to do，实际上是犯了汉语式英语的错误。“怎么办”的实际意义是“做什么”，故应用代词what作动词do的宾语，而不用副词how。只有在表达“怎样做这件事”时才说how to do it。 1.There are so many kinds of books here. I can’t decide ________. A．when to choose B．where to choose C．which one to choose D．how to choose 2．Could you please tell me ________ this problem? A．how to work out B．to work out how C．what to work out D．you how work out 3．—I’ll have a ten-day holiday, but I don’t know ________. —How about Paris? A．where to go B．how to go C．what to go · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：这里有很多种类的书。我不能决定选哪一种。考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。when to choose什么时候选择；where to choose选择哪里；which one to choose选择哪个；how to choose如何选择。根据“There are so many kinds of books here.”可知，无法决定选择哪一种书，故选C。 2. 句意：你能告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。根据“tell me”可知，此处考查疑问词+动词不定式结构，B和D选项结构错误；根据“this problem”可知，此处指“如何解决问题”，所以疑问词用how。故选A。 3. 句意：——我将有十天的假期，但我不知道去哪里。——巴黎怎么样？考查where引导的宾语从句。where to go去哪里；how to go怎么去；what to go去什么。根据“How about Paris”可知，此处想知道去哪里，要用where+动词不定式作宾语。故选A。 · 答案1. C 2. A 3.A 考点 3 构词法 考点一　合成法 　　将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起构成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。常用的合成词的构成方法如下： 1.合成形容词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed white-haired， warm-hearted 形容词 ＋ 现在分词 good-looking， easy-going 形容词 ＋ 过去分词 ready-made， newborn 副词 ＋ 现在分词 hard-working 副词 ＋ 过去分词 well-known 名词 ＋ 现在分词 English-speaking， south-facing 名词 ＋ 过去分词 man-made， snow-covered 名词 ＋ 形容词 snow-white， homesick 数词 ＋ 名词 100-meter， million-pound 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 形容词 180-foot-high， 10-year-old 数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ -ed four-legged， one-eyed 2.合成动词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 副词 ＋ 动词 overcome， understand 形容词 ＋ 动词 dry-clean 名词 ＋ 动词 sleepwalk 3.合成名词常见的构成方法： 构成方法 例词 名词 ＋ 名词 classroom， weekend， bookshop 名词 ＋ 动词 haircut， sunrise 形容词 ＋ 名词 highway， blackboard， greenhouse 动词 ＋ 副词 get-together， breakdown 名词 ＋ 动名词 handwriting， storytelling 副词 ＋ 名词 outbreak， overcoat 动名词＋名词 dining room， sleeping car 4.合成副词或代词。如：outdoors， maybe， forever， myself。 5.有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如：handbag， handball， handwriting， handmade。 考点二　派生法 　　在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 前缀一般不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有： 前缀 意义 例词 un-， dis-， im-， in-， non- “不，非”，表示否定 unpleasant， unfriendly； dishonest， disappear； impossible， impolite； incorrect， indirect； non-smoking mis- 表示“坏/错的（地）” misunderstand， mislead inter- 表示“互相”“在……之间” interview， international， Internet re- 表示“重复” rewrite， review， retell pre- 表示“在……之前” preschool， preview（预 览；事先查看） mini- 表示“小” minibus， miniskirt super- 表示“超” superhero， supermarket 　　个别前缀也可以引起词性的变化，如： （1）en-和名词或形容词构成动词：enlarge（扩大）， enable（使能够）， encourage（鼓励）； （2）a-和动词构成形容词：asleep（睡着的）， awake（醒着的）。 2.后缀 后缀能改变词义和词性。 （1）常用的构成名词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -er 人 worker， singer -or 人 actor， visitor， director -ist 人 artist， dentist， scientist， tourist -ress/-ess 女性 actress， waitress， hostess -hood 身份，状态 childhood， boyhood -ment 行为，动作，结果 government， movement，development -ness 状态，性质 illness， happiness，tiredness -ion 动作，状态 discussion， decision -th 状态 length， wealth， truth -ism 主义，现象 socialism， tourism -ese 人 Japanese， Chinese -ian 人 musician， historian -ship 状态 friendship， membership （2）常用的构成动词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -en 使…… widen -fy 使…… beautify （3）常用的构成副词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -（l）y 副词词尾 slowly， happily， simply -ward（s） 朝……， 向…… eastward（s）， backward（s） （4）常用的构成形容词的后缀： 后缀 意义 例词 -able 能够……的 agreeable， enjoyable -an ……（人）的 American， Canadian -al ……的 political， musical -en 由……制成 wooden， golden -ed ……的 blue-eyed -ful 充满……的 careful， painful，hopeful， playful -ish ……的 foolish， British -less 没有……的 careless， useless， hopeless -ly 充满，表性质 friendly， lonely -ous 有……的 famous， dangerous -y 充满，表性质 rainy， dirty， sunny 考点三　 转化法 　　英语单词的词性非常活跃，名词用作动词，动词转化为名词，形容词用作动词等现象非常普遍，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性的方式就叫作词性的转化。阅读中经常出现转化词，只要抓住单词的原始意思，结合句子成分，就容易理解它们的引申义。 1.动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大，有时有一定的变化。 （1）动词转化为名词。 •Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday？ 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行，好吗？ （句中的drive由动词转化为名词，词义引申为“驱车旅行”） •I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。 （句中walk由动词转化为名词） （2）名词转化为动词。 •Have you booked your ticket？你的票订好了吗？ （句中book由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“预订”） •Hand me your knife， please. 请把你的刀子递给我。 （句中hand由名词转化为动词，词义引申为“递；给”） 2.形容词转化为动词。 •The train slowed down to half of its speed.火车速度减慢了一半。 （句中slow由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“减速”） •Don’t dirty your clothes. 别把你的衣服弄脏了。 （句中dirty由形容词转化为动词，词义引申为“弄脏”） 3.形容词转化为名词。 •Moya has got through to the final. 莫亚已进入决赛。 （句中final由形容词转化为名词，词义引申为“决赛”） 考点四　缩写和简写 　　缩写和简写（也被称为截断法或缩短法）主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。例如： airplane→plane， telephone→phone， laboratory→lab， examination→exam， mathematics→maths， advertisement→ad， Doctor→Dr. （医生/博士） 此外，还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。例如： AI（artificial intelligence）人工智能 PE（physical education）体育 CPC（Communist Party of China）中国共产党 PLA（Chinese People’s Liberation Army）中国人民解放军 PRC（People’s Republic of China）中华人民共和国 WWF（World Wide Fund for Nature）世界自然基金会 WTO（World Trade Organization）世界贸易组织 WHO（World Health Organization）世界卫生组织 1．Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “un-”? A．comfortable B．able C．correct D．important 2．Which of the following words is formed the same way as the word “roommate”? A．carelessness B．unhappiness C．homesick D．achievement 3．________ is short for (是……的缩写) the People’s Republic of China. A．WTO B．PLA C．NBA D．PRC · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：下面哪个单词不能加前缀un-？考查构词法。comfortable舒适的，uncomfortable不舒适的；able能的，unable不能的；correct正确的，incorrect不正确的；interesting有趣的，uninteresting无趣的。ABD选项的前缀都是un-；C选项的前缀是in-。故选C。 2. 句意：下列哪个单词与“roommate”的构词方式相同？考查构词方式。carelessness是由“careless” 加上名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；unhappiness 是由“happy” 加前缀“un-”并加名词后缀 “-ness” 构成的派生词；roommate由两个名词“room”和“mate”构成的合成词；achievement 是由动词“achieve”加名词后缀 “-ment” 形成的派生词。“roommate” 是由两个名词 “room” 和 “mate” 组合在一起构成合成词，所以homesick与其构词方式相同。故选C。 3. 句意：PRC是中华人民共和国的缩写。考查缩写。WTO世界贸易组织；PLA中国人民解放军；NBA美国职业篮球联赛；PRC中华人民共和国。根据“ the People’s Republic of China.”可知，中华人民共和国的缩写是PRC。故选D。 · 答案1. C 2. C 3.D 考点 4 现在进行时表将来 1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如；come. go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等。 I'm leaving tomorrow.我打算明天离开。 Are you staying here till next week?你要在这儿待到下个星期吗? They 're coming here this afternoon 今天下午他们要来这儿 She is leaving on the New York flight.她要乘飞纽约的航班去。 Do you know if he is going td school tomorrow?你知道明天他上不上学吗? What time are you coming back?你准备什么时候回来? I am starting early tomorrow mormng.我打算明天一早就动身。 The delegation is arriving this afternoon. 代表团将于今天下午到达。 2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如 do, meet, have. play, spend 等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语 What are you doing next Sundav?下周日你要千什么? My mother is buying me a bike soon 我妈妈很快要给我买一辆自行车 We are playing football this afternoon.今天下午我们要踢足球。 We're probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens. 我们会和格林一家共度复活节。 I'm meeting Janet later this evening、今晚我会与珍妮见面 3. 现在进行时偶尔也表示较远的将来， When I grow up, I'm joining the army.我长大了要 军 4.表示将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定结构中， I'm not going there.我不去那儿了。 I'm not waiting for her any longer,我下会再等她了， 1．—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 2．—Look out! The bus ________. Don’t rush. —OK. It’s quite dangerous. A．comes B．is coming C．has come 3．—Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes? —Sorry, Dad, I ________ to the shop. A．go B．went C．am going D．have been 4．The train to Zhenxing Lu ________, please wait in lines. A．arrives B．has arrived C．is arriving D．is arrived 5．—The winter holiday is coming soon. What’s your plan? —I ________ to Shanghai for my vacation next month. A．fly B．am flying C．flew · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：——喂，是吉姆吗？我是彼得。——很抱歉。吉姆要去车站接他的父亲。他的火车下午两点半到达。考查时态。根据“Jim...for the station”可知，吉姆将要去车站，动作发生在将来，leave“离开”在表示将要发生的动作时，要用现在进行时表示，故第一个空填is leaving；根据“His train...at 2: 30 p.m.”可知，他的火车下午两点半到达，火车按照时刻表出发，用一般现在时，故第二个空填arrives。故选D。 2. 句意：——小心！公共汽车来了。别急。——好的。这相当危险。考查时态。根据“Look out!”以及“Don’t rush.”可知，此处表示公共汽车即将到来，动词come要用现在进行时表将来，B项符合。故选B。 3. 句意：——Jim，你可以帮我洗碗吗？——对不起，爸爸，我将去商店。考查一般将来时。根据“Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?”和“Sorry, Dad, I ... to the shop.”可知，此处指“我”将去商店，应用现在进行时表将来，其结构为“be doing”。故选C。 4. 句意：开往振兴路的列车即将进站，请排队等候。考查时态。根据“please wait in lines”可知，排队等候说明列车即将进站，这里需要使用现在进行时来表示火车即将到达的动作。故选C。 5. 句意：——寒假马上就要到了。你的计划是什么？——下个月我将飞往上海度假。考查现在进行时表将来。fly飞行，动词；am flying现在进行时；flew动词fly的过去式。根据“What’s your plan?”和“next month”可知，询问对方寒假的安排，且对方表示计划下个月飞上海，此处应用现在进行时表将来。故选B。 · 答案1. D 2. B 3.C 4.C 5.B 一、语法选择 With the development of our country, it’s truly amazing to see the changes in my hometown. I 1 up in a village in China with my grandparents, and back then, life was simple and then wasn’t much technology around. 2 no smart phones, computers, or even television sets in most homes. The only way 3 news was through a radio at the gate of the village, and only the rich could afford a television. When 4 watched it at night, the whole village would gather around to join in. However, with time goes by, the changes are quite surprising. In recent years, technology 5 an important role in daily life in China. Mobile phones, cars, high-speed trains, and airplanes 6 by people widely. Our quality of life has been 7 improved. The roads are no longer muddy (泥泞的). Almost every family 8 a television, and there is even air conditioning to reduce the summer heat. Medical care can be gotten much 9 with the use of cars or taxis. The world is always changing and developing, and the progress we’ve seen in 10 last 30 years is unbelievable. I can’t help but wonder how different things will be in the next 30 years! 1．A．grow B．will grow C．grew 2．A．They were B．There were C．It was 3．A．receiving B．to receive C．received 4．A．they B．them C．their 5．A．played B．plays C．has played 6．A．are used B．were used C．used 7．A．great B．greatly C．greatness 8．A．have B．has C．had 9．A．easier B．more easily C．easily 10．A．a B．an C．the 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍作者家乡的变化。 1．句意：我和祖父母一起在中国的一个村庄长大，那时的生活很简单，也没有太多的科技。 grow一般现在时；will grow一般将来时；grew一般过去时。根据“life was simple and then wasn’t much technology around”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选C。 2．句意：大多数家庭没有智能手机、电脑，甚至没有电视机。 They were他们是；There were有；It was它是。根据“...no smart phones, computers, or even television sets in most homes.”可知，此处是there be句型，表示“有”，故选B。 3．句意：接收新闻的唯一途径是通过村门口的收音机，只有富人才买得起电视机。 receiving动名词/现在分词；to receive动词不定式；received动词过去式。此处应使用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way，故选B。 4．句意：晚上看的时候，全村的人都会围过来一起看。 they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。此处在句中作主语，用主格，故选A。 5．句意：近年来，科技在中国人的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。 played一般过去时；plays一般现在时；has played现在完成时。根据“In recent years”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故选C。 6．句意：手机、汽车、高铁和飞机被人们广泛使用。 are used一般现在时的被动语态；were used一般过去时的被动语态；used一般过去时。根据“Mobile phones, cars, high-speed trains, and airplanes...by people widely.”可知，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。 7．句意：我们的生活质量大大提高了。 great形容词；greatly副词；greatness名词。此处在句中修饰动词，应使用副词形式，故选B。 8．句意：几乎每个家庭都有电视，甚至还有空调来减少夏天的炎热。 have动词原形；has动词三单；had动词过去式。时态是一般现在时，主语是“every family”，动词用三单。故选B。 9．句意：使用汽车或出租车可以更容易地获得医疗服务。 easier更容易的；more easily更容易地；easily容易地。根据“much”可知，此处应使用比较级，修饰动词用副词形式，故选B。 10．句意：世界一直在变化和发展，过去30年我们所看到的进步是令人难以置信的。 a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头前；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头前；the定冠词表特指。in the last 30 years“在过去30年”，故选C。 二、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The months of the traditional Chinese calendar follow the moon, but did you know that the calendar also follows the sun? In fact, the year 11 (divide) into 24 parts, based on where the sun is in the sky. Each part starts with a solar term, or jieqi in Chinese. These solar terms follow the changes 12 the seasons and the weather. The “Start of Spring” “Start of Summer” “Start of Autumn” and “Start of Winter” divide the year into four seasons. Each of the seasons has six parts 13 each part lasts about 15 days. The solar terms can fall on different dates. They sometimes move a day or two. The 24 solar terms are very 14 (use) in daily life. For example, they help farmers decide when 15 (plant) their crops. The solar terms also play 16 important part in traditional Chinese culture. People 17 (celebrate) these days in different ways in the past, such as 18 (eat) special local dishes. Many of these 19 (tradition) continue in our times. For example, people still eat spring rolls and spring pancakes 20 (celebrate) the “Start of Spring”. 【答案】 11．is divided 12．of 13．and 14．useful 15．to plant 16．an 17．celebrated 18．eating 19．traditions 20．to celebrate 【导语】本文介绍了中国传统历法不仅遵循月亮的周期，还根据太阳的位置将一年分为24个节气，这些节气指导季节变化和农业活动，并在文化中有重要地位。 11．句意：事实上，根据太阳在天空中的位置，一年被分为24个部分。主语“the year”与动词divide存在被动关系，时态为一般现在时，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be done；主语“the year”为单数，be动词用is。故填is divided。 12．句意：这些节气随季节和天气的变化而变化。根据“the changes ... the seasons and the weather”可知，此处指季节和天气的变化，用of表示所属关系。故填of。 13．句意：每个季节有六个部分，每个部分持续大约15天。根据“Each of the seasons has six parts, ... each part lasts about 15 days.”可知，前后句为并列关系，故应用连词and。故填and。 14．句意：二十四节气在日常生活中非常有用。根据“The 24 solar terms are very ...”可知，此处要用形容词作表语，useful“有用的”符合语境。故填useful。 15．句意：例如，它们帮助农民决定何时种植庄稼。此处用“疑问词+不定式”结构，作decide的宾语。故填to plant。 16．句意：节气在中国传统文化中也扮演着重要的角色。根据“play ... important part”可知，此处指起着重要作用，important以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填an。 17．句意：在过去，人们以不同的方式庆祝这些日子，比如吃当地的特色菜肴。根据“in the past”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式；celebrate的过去式为celebrated。故填celebrated。 18．句意：在过去，人们以不同的方式庆祝这些日子，比如吃当地的特色菜肴。介词as后跟动名词。故填eating。 19．句意：许多这样的传统一直延续到我们这个时代。these后接名词复数。故填traditions。 20．句意：比如，人们仍然会吃春卷和春饼来庆祝“立春”。 分析句子成分可知，空处需动词不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。 Around the 15th United Nations Chinese Language Day, which fell on April 20, some foreign students of Xi’an International Studies University gathered with Chinese students. Practicing and enjoying Chinese characters together has been a tradition for some foreign Chinese 21 (speaker) and Chinese teachers to get together to mark the United Nations Chinese Language Day. Chinese famous writer Lu Xun in 1930 22 (say) that the beauty of Chinese characters lay in three ways: their meanings educated the mind, their sounds pleased the ears, and their appearances pleased 23 eyes. Another writer Yu Guangzhong also praised Chinese characters highly. The history of Chinese characters can date back over 3,000 years. Different kinds 24 characters were developed, such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu 25 (improve) beauty and writing efficiency (效率). The beauty of Chinese characters is still clear and popular today. Many Chinese characters not only carry meanings but also have cultural significance (意义) passed down through history. Therefore, they are symbols of Chinese 26 (tradition) culture. Through them, we can closely connect the past, present, and future of 27 (we) country. 28 (recent), according to a survey, more than 30 million people worldwide are learning Chinese. Now, the language 29 (teach) in over 190 countries and areas. The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide 30 more people can speak Chinese. 【答案】 21．speakers 22．said 23．the 24．of 25．to improve 26．traditional 27．our 28． Recently 29．is taught 30．as 【导语】本文介绍了在联合国中文日期间，外国学生与中国学生共同学习汉字的活动，以及汉字的历史、特点、文化意义和全球学习现状。 21．句意：对于一些外国中文使用者和中文教师来说，一起练习和欣赏汉字已经成为他们相聚纪念联合国中文日的传统。根据“some foreign Chinese”可知，some后接可数名词复数，speaker表示“说话者”，此处指中文使用者，所以复数形式speakers符合语境，故填speakers。 22．句意：中国著名作家鲁迅在1930年说过，汉字的美在于三个方面：它们的含义教化思想，它们的读音悦耳动听，它们的外形赏心悦目。根据“in 1930”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，say的过去式said符合语境，故填said。 23．句意：中国著名作家鲁迅在1930年说过，汉字的美在于三个方面：它们的含义教化思想，它们的读音悦耳动听，它们的外形赏心悦目。根据“their appearances pleased…eyes”可知，此处表示特指人们的眼睛，定冠词the用于特指，所以要用the修饰eyes，故填the。 24．句意：发展出了不同种类的汉字，如篆书、隶书、草书和楷书。根据“Different kinds…characters were developed”可知，different kinds of表示“不同种类的”符合语境，故填of。 25．句意：发展出了不同种类的汉字，如篆书、隶书、草书和楷书，以提高美感和书写效率。根据“such as zhuanshu, lishu, caoshu, and kaishu…beauty and writing efficiency”可知，句中已有谓语动词were developed，此处表示目的，要用动词不定式to do结构，所以用to improve表示“为了提高”，故填to improve。 26．句意：因此，它们是中国传统文化的象征。根据“they are symbols of Chinese…culture”可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词culture，tradition的形容词形式traditional“传统的”符合语境，故填traditional。 27．句意：通过它们，我们可以紧密连接我们国家的过去、现在和未来。根据“we can closely connect the past, present, and future of…country”可知，此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词country，we的形容词性物主代词our“我们的”符合语境，故填our。 28．句意：最近，一项调查显示，全球有超过3000万人在学习中文。根据“…, according to a survey”可知，此处需要用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，recent的副词形式为Recently“最近”符合语境，句首首字母大写，故填Recently。 29．句意：现在，这门语言在190多个国家和地区被教授。根据“Now, the language…in over 190 countries and areas”可知，主语the language和动词teach之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done结构；由Now可知，句子时态为一般现在时，the language是单数，be动词用is，teach的过去分词是taught符合语境，故填is taught。 30．句意：随着更多人会说中文，汉字文化在世界范围内被更好地理解和欣赏。根据“The culture of Chinese characters is better understood and enjoyed worldwide…more people can speak Chinese”可知，此处表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句，as符合语境，故填as。 真题感知 1．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Many traffic accidents ________ by careless driving. A．are causing B．are caused C．have caused 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。 考查被动语态。根据“by careless driving”可知，空格处应用被动语态，即交通事故应是被造成，句子陈述一般事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为“Many traffic accidents”，故be动词应用are，动词cause用过去分词形式，故此处应用are caused。故选B。 2．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——早上好！我能要一盘饺子吗？——抱歉。饺子只在晚餐时供应。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。Dumplings和serve之间为动宾关系，故此处使用被动语态。本句描述一般的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态即可。故选B。 3．（2024·海南·中考真题）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，在我们国家每年有越来越多的树被种植。 考查被动语态。trees和plant之间是被动关系，即“树被种植”，所以要用被动语态be done的形式。选项C是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year”可知要用一般现在时，所以应选are planted。故选C。 4．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我为中文是世界上最多人说的语言而感到自豪。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语“Chinese”和谓语动词的关系可知，中文作为语言是被说的，应用被动语态；句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。 5．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国文化中，猴年出生的孩子被认为很聪明。考查时态和语态。句子主语是children，和谓语say之间是被动关系，用被动语态，be said to“据说”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 6．（2014·陕西·中考真题）Every day, too much water ________ in our school. We should save it. A．is wasted B．wastes C．was wasted D．wasted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每天，我们学校都有太多的水被浪费了。我们应该节约用水。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Every day”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语为too much water，与动词waste之间存在被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词应用is，waste的过去分词为wasted。故选A。 7．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，世界上越来越多的人说汉语。考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“Chinese”和动词speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除选项A和B选项；根据时间状语“these days”及句意可知，此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 8．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——越来越多的年轻人喜欢穿汉服。——是的。据说大部分中国传统服装都产自山东菏泽。 考查被动语态。主语“most of the Chinese traditional clothes”和动词“produce”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选C。 9．（2020·甘肃·中考真题）Which of the following suffixes(后缀)means "without"? A．–able B．–ful C．–ous D．–less 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪一个后缀的意思是“没有”？考查构词法。-able是形容词后缀；-ful是形容词后缀；-ous形容词后缀；-less是否定后缀，表示“没有，不”。故选D。 10．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 11．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 12．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。考查一般现在时被动语态。句中的主语Chinese和speak是动宾关系，故用被动。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done，主语为Chinese，be动词用is。故选C。 13．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道春节在2024年成为联合国的浮动假日吗？——是的。如今，全世界都在广泛庆祝春节。考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语与动词celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时被动语态，故选A。 14．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。 考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 15．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——每年有相当多的濒危动物在自然公园受到保护。——太好了！动物是我们的朋友。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 二、单词拼写 16．（2021·内蒙古包头·中考真题）We were touched by the of the welcome. (warm) 【答案】warmth 【详解】句意：我们被热烈的欢迎所感动。此处在介词后作宾语，用名词形式，故填warmth。 30．（2021·黑龙江鸡西·中考真题）With the (develop) of science and technology, people can live a better life in the future. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：随着科技的发展，人们可以在未来过上更好的生活。with the development of…随着……的发展，固定短语，故填development。 17．（2020·江苏南京·中考真题）The noise made sleep (possible), so I got up and read a book. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：噪音使人无法入睡，所以我起床读一本书。 固定搭配：make+sth+形容词，表示“使某物……”，根据The noise及I got up and read a book，可知，噪音使人无法入睡，所以起床读一本书，故空格处填impossible。故答案为impossible。 18．（2020·黑龙江·中考真题）To my disappointment, the new movie is so (meaning). 【答案】meaningless 【详解】句意：令我失望的是，这部新电影太没意义了。 meaning意义，名词。根据To my disappointment“令我失望的是”，可知这部新电影太没意义了。 所以用meaningless“毫无意义的”，形容词，句中做系动词is的表语，故答案为meaningless。 19．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意：《白驹过隙》中的所有对话都是用南京方言说的，通俗易懂，幽默风趣。分析句子可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是All the dialogue，与动词speak之间是被动关系，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是：am/is/are done，主语是All the dialogue，指的是对话整体，be动词用is，speak的过去分词形式为spoken。故填is spoken。 20．（2024·四川德阳·中考真题）I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday unless I am i . 【答案】(i)nvited 【详解】句意：除非我被邀请，否则下星期天我不会去参加露西的生日聚会。根据“I won’t go to Lucy’s birthday party next Sunday”可知此处指邀请去派对，invite表示“邀请”，与I之间是被动关系，此空为动词的过去分词。故填(i)nvited。 21．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread) 【答案】spread 【详解】句意：如果把盐撒在冰上，冰点温度就会低于0℃。spread“传播，散开”，动词。此处指盐被撒到冰上，是被动语态，spread用其过去分词形式，其过去分词形式是spread。故填spread。 22．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year. 【答案】are sent 【详解】句意：我的同学每年都会给贫困地区的孩子们送新衣服和新鞋子。主语New clothes and shoes和谓语send之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are sent。 提升专练 一、单项选择 1．（2025·安徽宿州·模拟预测）—Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mom. If I ________, I will go with you. A．have allowed B．will allow C．was allowed D．am allowed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你今晚能和我去看电影吗？——我得问我妈妈。如果我被允许，我就和你一起去。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“If”可知，这是if引导的条件状语从句，其时态遵循“主将从现”原则，此处的主句是将来时态，所以if从句用一般现在时态；主语“I”与“allow”是被动关系，所以用被动语态，即am allowed。故选D。 2．（2025·福建泉州·二模）—I find sweeping the floor very tiring. —Why not buy a sweeping robot? It ______ widely nowadays. A．used B．is used C．was used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我觉得扫地很累。——为什么不买个扫地机器人呢？如今它被广泛使用。   考查动词时态和语态。根据“nowadays”可知，句子描述现在的情况，且主语“it”与“use”之间是被动关系（被广泛使用），故选B。 3．（2025·江苏扬州·二模）More electric cars ________ in China to fight air pollution. A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．will produce 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在中国，为了对抗空气污染，更多的电动汽车被生产出来。被动语态。produce生产，动词原形；produced生产，produce的过去式；are produced被生产；will produce将要生产。句子主语More electric cars“更多电动汽车”与produce“生产”之间是被动关系，即汽车是被生产出来的，所以要用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”。故选C。 4．（2025·福建厦门·二模）You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work ________ unless you read it again and again. A．is expressed B．has expressed C．is expressing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你反复阅读，否则你不会知道这部经典作品的美是如何被表达的。考查动词时态和语态辨析。is  expressed一般现在时的被动语态；has expressed现在完成时的主动语态；is  expressing现在进行时的主动语态。根据“You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work…unless you read it again and again.”可知，句子主语the beauty of this classical work与express之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故选A。 5．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）Paper ________ from wood, and it plays an important role in our daily life. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：纸是由木头制成的，它在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Paper...from wood”可知，句子主语Paper与谓语动词make之间为被动关系，需用被动语态“be done”；结合后半句“it plays an important role”可知时态为一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。主语是不可数名词，be动词用 “is”。故选C。 6．（2025·上海·模拟预测）—When ________ the train ________? —In ten minutes. A．has; left B．will; be leave C．is; leaving D．did; leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——火车什么时候出发？——十分钟后。考查动词时态。根据答语“In ten minutes”可知，询问的是将来的动作，火车按时刻表出发，应该用现在进行时表将来，故选C。 7．（2024·四川成都·三模）The Dragon Boat Festival we are looking forward to ________ soon. A．coming B．come C．is coming 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们期待的端午节即将到来。考查动词时态。根据“The Dragon Boat Festival we are looking forward to…soon.”可知，此处指“我们期待的端午节即将到来”，表示将来要发生的事情，应用现在进行时表示一般将来时，其结构为“be doing”；主语为“The Dragon Boat Festival we are looking forward to”，be动词应用is，空处应填is coming。故选C。 8．（2024·天津南开·二模）—I don’t know _________.   —Maybe tomorrow. A．when he is leaving B．why is he leaving C．when he was leaving D．what time is he leaving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我不知道他什么时候离开。——也许明天。 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除BD选项；根据“Maybe tomorrow”可知，问的是将来的时间，用现在进行时表将来。故选A。 9．（2023·江苏宿迁·一模）— You will hold the house-warming party this evening, right? — Yes. The party we have looked forward to ________. A．coming B．having come C．came D．is coming 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你会在今天晚上举办乔迁派对，对吗？——是的。我们期待的派对就要来了。 考查时现在进行时。分析句子结构可知，本句中The party为主语，we have looked forward to为定语从句修饰主语，空处是谓语动词，动词是come“来临”，为趋向性动词，可以用现在进行时表示一般将来时，结构为“am/is/are+动词现在分词”。故选D。 10．（2025·江苏镇江·二模）The word “________” is formed the same way as “spacecraft”. A．pollution B．uncertain C．interplanetary D．necklace 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“necklace”一词与“spacecraft”一词的构成方式相同。考查构词法。pollution是由动词“pollute”（污染）加上后缀“-ion”派生而成，表示“污染状态”，属于派生词；uncertain是由形容词“certain”（确定的）加上前缀“un-”（表示否定）派生而成，意思是“不确定的”，属于派生词；interplanetary是由前缀“inter-”（表示“之间”）和词根“planetary”（行星的）组合而成，但“planetary”本身是派生词（来自“planet”），因此整体属于派生词；necklace是由两个独立单词“neck”（脖子）和“lace”（带子）组合而成的复合词。spacecraft是由两个独立单词“space”（太空）和“craft”（船）组合而成的复合词，意思是“航天器”，与necklace构词法相同。故选D。 11．（2025·江苏泰州·三模）Which of the following is NOT a compound word? A．blackboard B．headache C．creative D．snowball 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一项不是复合词？考查复合词辨析。blackboard黑板，由black+board组成；headache头痛，由head+ache组成；creative有创造力的，为形容词，非组合词；snowball雪球，由snow+ball组成。根据“Which of the following is NOT a compound word?”可知，非复合词指不是由两个或多个独立单词组合而成的词。故选C。 12．（2025·甘肃武威·二模）Which of the follow prefixes (前缀) doesn’t mean “without”? A．un- B．im- C．in- D．re- 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个前缀的含义不是“没有”？考查构词法。un-，im-和in-都是否定前缀，表示“没有”，re-表示的是“再，重新”。故选D。 13．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）Which of the following words is formed like “classroom”? A．visitor B．impatient C．meaningful D．raincoat 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的形式像“classroom”？考查复合名词。visitor游客；impatient不耐烦的；meaningful有意义的；raincoat雨衣。classroom“教室”，为名词“class”和名词“room”构成的复合名词，raincoat为名词“rain”和名词“coat”构成的复合名词，D项符合。故选D。 14．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Which of the following words is formed in the same way as disabled? A．daily B．unfriendly C．pancake D．dishonest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个词的构成方式与disabled相同？考查构词法。daily每天的，由名词day和形容词后缀-ly构成；unfriendly不友好的，由否定前缀un-和名词friend以及形容词后缀-ly构成；pancake薄煎饼，由两个名词pan和cake构成；dishonest不诚实的，由否定前缀dis-和形容词honest构成。“disabled”由否定前缀dis-和形容词able以及后缀-ed构成。选项D与其构成方式相同。故选D。 15．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Which of suffix of sub-in the following words has the different meaning as that in the word of “substitute”? A．rescue B．submit C．subway D．submission 【答案】A 【详解】句意：以下单词中的sub前缀中，哪一个与“substitute”一词的含义不同？ 考查单词前缀。substitute代替、取代，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”或“低于……”；rescue救援，前缀“re-”表示“再次”或“回”；submit提交，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”或“处于从属地位”；subway地铁，“sub-”表示“在……下面”；submission提交，前缀“sub-”表示“在……之下”。故选A。 二、语法选择 （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测）Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is magic to me. My interest in it came from my experience. Years ago, I often had headaches, and my life 16 seriously. 17 I tried many different ways, none of them worked. Luckily, I met with 18 doctor of TCM during my trip in China. He advised me 19 some Chinese medicine. So I did. To my 20 , my pain was gone within a week. Later, I found that TCM could be of great help to some illnesses lasting for a long time, such as sleeping problems or physical pains. The helpful methods in TCM also took my 21 interest. 22 her help and support, I’m running a website to introduce TCM now. I want to show 23 some illnesses and help people understand that if they have some health problems, they can try TCM. All these experiences with TCM led me to study ancient Chinese philosophy (哲学), for many of TCM ideas, such as yin and yang, and qi, were 24 inspired (启发) by it. Since then, I 25 onto the road to learning about Chinese culture. 16．A．is influenced B．was influenced C．influences D．influenced 17．A．Before B．Until C．Because D．Although 18．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 19．A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 20．A．surprise B．surprised C．disappointed D．disappointment 21．A．wife B．wife’s C．son D．son’s 22．A．By B．In C．With D．On 23．A．how TCM treats B．how does TCM treat C．when TCM treats D．when does TCM treat 24．A．direct B．directly C．recent D．recently 25．A．step B．stepped C．will step D．have stepped 【答案】 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者因中医治愈头痛而对其产生兴趣，在妻子支持下推广中医，并由此深入研究中国哲学与文化的经历。 16．句意：我的生活受到了严重影响。 is influenced现在时被动语态；was influenced过去时被动语态；influences第三人称单数；influenced过去式。根据“Years ago”可知是过去发生的事，且life与influence是被动关系，故选B。 17．句意：虽然我尝试了很多不同的方法，但没有一个有效。 Before在……之前；Until 直到；Because 因为；Although 虽然。根据“none of them worked”可知前后是让步关系，故选D。 18．句意：幸运的是，在中国旅行时我遇到了一位中医医生。 a 不定冠词（辅音音素开头）；an 不定冠词（元音音素开头）；the 定冠词；/ 零冠词。doctor是可数名词单数且首次出现，TCM以辅音音素开头，故选A。 19．句意：他建议我吃一些中药。 take动词原形；to take不定式；taking动名词；takes第三人称单数。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，故选B。 20．句意：令我惊讶的是，我的疼痛一周内就消失了。 surprise惊讶（名词）；surprised感到惊讶的（形容词）；disappointed失望的；disappointment 失望（名词）。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，故选A。 21．句意：中医中有帮助的方法也引起了我的妻子的兴趣。 wife妻子；wife’s妻子的；son儿子；son’s儿子的。根据“her help and support”可知是妻子的兴趣，故选B。 22． 句意：在她的帮助和支持下，我现在经营着一个介绍中医的网站。 By通过；In在……里；With用、随着；On在……上。with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”，故选C。 23．句意：我想向人们展示中医如何治疗一些疾病，并帮助人们理解，如果他们有健康问题，可以尝试中医。 how TCM treats陈述语序；how does TCM treat疑问语序；when TCM treat陈述语序；when does TCM treat疑问语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序，且根据上下文是“如何治疗”，故选A。 24．句意：因为许多中医思想，如阴阳和气，是直接受到它启发的。 direct直接的（形容词）；directly直接地（副词）；recent最近的；recently最近（副词）。修饰动词inspired要用副词，且根据句意是“直接启发”，故选B。 25．句意：从那时起，我已经踏上了学习中国文化的道路。 step动词原形；stepped过去式；will step将来时；have stepped现在完成时。根据“Since then”可知要用现在完成时，故选D。 三、完形填空 （2025·湖南长沙·三模）阅读下面短文，从短文后的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was just another warm spring afternoon. As usual, I was waiting at the school parking lot to pick up my mom. Suddenly, a 26 rolled into the parking lot and stopped in front of me. I looked around and waited for someone to come and collect it, but no one 27 . Just when I was about to pick up the ball, I saw two 28 racing towards me. “Pass it to me! ” One of them shouted. And so I did. They got the ball, quickly thanked me and then went back along their way. I was 29 about where they were from. With plenty of time on my hands, I decided to quietly follow them to their “paradise” (天堂). And there it was—in the school playground, a number of children were 30 , chasing (追赶) balls or making fun of their friends. They were really having a good time! The sight of the children made my heart 31 , reminding me of the carefree days in my good old days. Back then, lunchtime meant 32 food that had been lovingly prepared by my mom, not an oily (含油的), ready-made (现成的) lunch from the staff canteen (食堂). The final exams were the only thing I had to 33 about. Praise from my teachers seemed like a lifetime achievement award. Life has just moved on. Almost ten years have passed since my college graduation. Many more people have entered my life, but 34 of them have created memories as sweet as my school friends had. If I were given the chance to talk to these kids in the playground, I would say, “ 35 is the sweetest time in life.” 26．A．stone B．toy C．ball 27．A．showed off B．showed up C．showed around 28．A．strangers B．kids C．adults 29．A．curious B．nervous C．serious 30．A．arguing B．crying C．laughing 31．A．sad B．heavy C．warm 32．A．home-made B．store-bought C．restaurant-served 33．A．talk B．worry C．learn 34．A．all B．some C．few 35．A．Childhood B．Adulthood C．Neighborhood 【答案】 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A 【导语】本文讲述作者在学校停车场偶遇一个球引发的故事。 26．句意：突然，一个球滚进停车场，停在我面前。 stone石头；toy玩具；ball球。根据“Just when I was about to pick up the ball...”可知，滚进来的是球。故选C。 27．句意：我环顾四周，等着有人来把它拿走，但没人出现。 showed off炫耀；showed up出现；showed around带领……参观。根据“I looked around and waited for someone to come and collect it, but no one”可知，这里说等有人来拿球但没人出现。故选B。 28．句意：就在我要捡起球的时候，我看到两个孩子朝我跑来。 strangers陌生人；kids孩子；adults成年人。根据“a number of children were...”以及作者回忆童年可知，朝作者跑来的是孩子。故选B。 29．句意：我很好奇他们来自哪里。 curious好奇的；nervous紧张的；serious严肃的。根据“about where they were from.”可知，作者看到孩子后想知道他们来自哪，是好奇。故选A。 30．句意：就在那里——在学校操场，很多孩子在欢笑、追球或者捉弄他们的朋友。 arguing争论；crying哭泣；laughing欢笑。根据“having a good time”可知，孩子们是开心的。故选C。 31．句意：看到孩子们的景象让我的心温暖起来，使我想起了往昔岁月里无忧无虑的日子。 sad难过的；heavy沉重的；warm暖心的。根据“The sight of the children made my heart”可知，回忆美好童年，看到孩子的场景应是让心温暖。故选C。 32．句意：那时，午餐时间意味着妈妈精心准备的自制食物…… home-made自制的；store-bought商店买的；restaurant-served餐厅提供的。根据“food that had been lovingly prepared by my mom...”可知，这里表示午餐是母亲自己做的。故选A。 33．句意：期末考试是我唯一需要担心的事。 talk谈论；worry担心；learn学习。根据“The final exams were the only thing I had to”可知，童年时，期末考试是要担心的事。故选B。 34．句意：更多的人进入了我的生活，但很少有人能创造出像我学校朋友那般甜蜜的回忆。 all所有的；some一些的；few少的。根据“but … of them have created memories as sweet as my school friends had.”可知，but表转折，说明虽然很多人进入生活，但很少能创造出如童年朋友的甜蜜回忆。故选C。 35．句意：如果我有机会和操场里的这些孩子交谈，我会说：“童年是人生中最美好的时光 。”。 Childhood童年；Adulthood成年；Neighborhood社区。根据“is the sweetest time in life.”可知，文章围绕回忆童年展开，所以感悟是童年是最美好的时光，故选A。 四、短文填空 （2025·吉林长春·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 I always remember the date when there was no light in my home for more than 10 hours. My parents and I 36 (watch) TV at 4:00 p.m. on February 15th. 37 (sudden) the lights went on and off for a few times. It was clear that there must be something wrong with the circuit (电路). Before my father went to have 38 look, the room became 39 (complete) dark. So we had to use the flashlight to find out what happened. There 40 (be) strong winds and rain outside. We could even feel the coldness through the windows. After several hours, we 41 (realize) that the power wouldn’t come back in a short time. When we prepared to go to bed, my sister shouted, “Look! It began to snow.” It seemed 42 the snow would last for a long time. Since there was still no power, we went to bed earlier 43 usual. The snow stopped the next day. The trees were covered with snow and the road became 44 (ice). Luckily, the power came back in the morning. After a long-time darkness, many people went out 45 (buy) some necessary things while kids were playing happily in the snow. 【答案】 36．were watching 37．Suddenly 38．a 39．completely 40．were 41．realized 42．that 43．than 44．icy 45．to buy 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者家中停电超过10小时的经历，以及家人在黑暗中应对突发状况的过程。 36．句意：我和父母在2月15日下午4点正在看电视。根据“at 4:00 p.m. on February 15th”可知，此处描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，为过去进行时，谓语结构为was/were+现在分词，主语“My parents and I”为复数，因此选用were，watch变为watching。故填were watching。 37．句意：突然，电灯闪烁了几次。根据“...the lights went on and off for a few times”可知，此处需用副词修饰整个句子，sudden变为suddenly，意为“突然地”，句首首字母大写，故填Suddenly。 38．句意：在我父亲去查看之前，房间完全黑了。have a look意为“看一看”，故填a。 39．句意：在我父亲去查看之前，房间完全黑了。根据“the room became...dark”可知，此处形容词complete变为副词completely，意为“完全地”，修饰形容词dark，故填completely。 40．句意：外面风雨交加。根据“There...strong winds and rain outside”可知，此处描述过去的状态，主语strong winds and rain是复数，故填were。 41．句意：几个小时后，我们意识到电力不会很快恢复。根据“we...that the power wouldn’t come back in a short time”和全文可知，描述的是以前停电的经历，用一般过去时，realize的过去式为realized。故填realized。 42．句意：似乎雪会持续很长时间。根据“It seemed...the snow would last for a long time”可知，此处是“It seemed that...”句型，表示“似乎，好像”，故填that。 43．句意：因为仍然没电，我们比平时更早上床睡觉。根据“we went to bed earlier...usual”可知，由于没电，我们比平时更早上床睡觉，than意为“比……”，符合语境，故填than。 44．句意：树上积满了雪，路上结了冰。根据“the road became...”可知，此处ice需变为形容词icy，意为“结冰的”，作表语，故填icy。 45．句意：长时间黑暗后，许多人出去买必需品，而孩子们在雪地里开心地玩耍。根据“many people went out...some necessary things”可知，人们出去是为了买必需品，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to buy。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$