第08讲 Unit 4 语法（一般过去时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态、定语从句）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（仁爱科普版）

Unit4 语法 （一般过去时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态、定语从句） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点 1 一般过去时态被动语态 一般过去时态被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动动作，与主动语态相比，被动语态中主语是谓语动作的承受者。 其构成为：主语(动作承受者) ＋ was/were ＋ 过去分词( ＋ by ＋ 执行者)。 如： I was given a book by my teacher this morning. 今天上午我的老师给了我一本书。 1.肯定句式 ：主语 + was /were + v.-ed 2.否定句式 ：主语+ was/were + not + v.-ed 3.一般疑问句式： Was /Were + 主语 + vt.-ed 4.特殊疑问句式：疑问词W/H + was/were +主语 + v.-ed Eg： An e-mail was sent to her friend by Linda yesterday. An e-mail wasn’t sent to her friend by Jane yesterday. Was an e-mail sent to her friend by Linda yesterday? Who was the e-mail sent to by Linda yesterday? 1．The noise which ________ by pupils outside the house kept people upset. A．was made B．made C．were made 2．—I haven’t seen Billy for days! What happened? —He__________ because of his drunk-driving. A．has caught B．caught C．is caught D．was caught 3．When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．got used B．is used C．used D．was used 4．We ________ to enter the final competition because we did a very good job. A．chose B．have chosen C．are chosen D．were chosen 5．The new Guangzhou Baiyun Railway Station, the largest railway station in Asia, ________ in December, 2023. A．completed B．was completed C．will be completed · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：房子外面学生们制造的噪音让人们心烦意乱。考查被动语态。根据“The noise which…by pupils outside the house”可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语which相当于先行词noise，noise和make之间是被动关系，即噪音是被学生制造出来的，要用被动语态；noise为不可数名词，所以be动词用was。故选A。 2. 句意：——我好几天没见到比利了！发生了什么事？——他因为酒驾被抓了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“What happened”可知，此处用一般过去时态，且“he”与“catch”之间是被动关系，即“他被抓”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语“he”是第三人称单数，所以用was，catch的过去分词是caught，故选D。 3. 句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，是过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 4. 句意：我们被选中进入决赛，因为我们表现得非常出色。考查被动语态。根据“We...to enter the final competition because we did a very good job.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时态，主语“we”和动词“choose”之间是被动关系，即“我们是被选中”的，所以应该使用一般过去时态的被动语态。故选D。 5. 句意：新广州白云火车站是亚洲最大的火车站，于2023年12月完工。考查时态和被动语态。主语station与complete之间是被动关系，根据“2023”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 · 答案1. A 2. D 3.D 4.D 5.B 考点 2 一般将来时态被动语态 一般将来时态的被动语态表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。 (1) will (not) be +done, shall (not) be done The task will not be completed before noon.[来源:学,科,网] 任务将不能在中午之前被完成。 We shall be given two hours to finish the job. 我们将被给予两个小时来完成这项工作。 (2) be (not) going to be done This issue is going to be talked about tomorrow. 这个议题将在明天被讨论。 (3) be (not) to be done His new book is to be published next month. 他的新书将在下月出版。 (4)一般疑问句：shall/will+S+be done, be+S+going to be done, 或be+S+to be done。 Is Peter to be invited to the party this evening? 皮特会被邀请参加今晚的聚会吗？ (5) 特殊疑问句：疑问词+shall/will/ +S+ be done，疑问词+be+S+going to be done, 或疑问词+be+S+ to be done。 When is the sports meet going to be held? 打算在什么时候开运动会？ 1．Someone has called 120. The little girl ________ to hospital in a few minutes. A．takes B．is taking C．was taken D．will be taken 2．According to the laws, 3D glasses ________ if you are going to watch a 3D film. A．is provided B．will be provided C．is served D．will be served 3．My first trip abroad in 2019 ________ by me forever. A．is remembered B．was remembered C．will be remembered D．has been remembered 4．A new airport ______ in this city next year. A．builds B．is built C．will build D．will be built 5.—We must spend more time on the arts from now on. —Certainly. We ________ in the coming music and art exam. A．are test B．will test C．will be tested · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：有人打了120。小女孩几分钟后就会被送往医院。考查一般将来时的被动语态。takes一般现在时；is taking现在进行时；was taken一般过去时的被动语态；will be taken一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in a few minutes”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语“The little girl”和谓语动词take之间是被动关系，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 2. 句意：根据法律规定，如果你要观看3D电影，会提供3D眼镜。考查动词辨析和一般将来时的被动语态。根据“if you are going to watch a 3D film.”可知，主句描述的是在“将要观看3D电影”这一未来条件下的结果，需用一般将来时；主语“3D glasses”是动作的承受者（被提供），因此用被动语态（be + 过去分词）；提供眼镜应用“provide”。故选B。 3. 句意：我2019年的首次国外之旅将永远被我铭记。 考查动词的时态和语态。“forever”暗示这个动作会在未来持续存在，应该用一般将来时；同时 “trip”和“remember”之间是被动关系，即旅行是被人铭记，要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will be + 过去分词”，“remember”的过去分词是“remembered”，故选C。 4. 句意：明年这个城市将建一座新机场。考查一般将来时的被动语态。builds是三单形式；is built是一般现在时的被动语态；will build是一般将来时；will be built是一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next year”可知，该句时态为一般将来时，主语“A new airport”和动词build之间是被动关系，即机场是被建造的，要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。故选D。 5. 句意：——我们必须从现在开始花更多的时间在艺术上。——当然。我们将在即将到来的音乐和艺术考试中接受测试。考查被动语态。根据题干可知，主语“We”和动词“test”之间是被动关系，结合“from now on”和答语可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，因此使用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选C。 · 答案1. D 2. B 3.C 4.D 5.C 考点 3 定语从句 定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，用于修饰句中的某一名词（或代词）。 被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词”， 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句 例句：China is the third nation that sent a person into space.中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 考点： 本句中that sent a person into space 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词nation。定语从句： （1）含义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 （2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 （3）关系词： ①含义：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ②关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 ③作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。 考点： （4）关系代词引导的定语从句 ①who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语（此时who不可省略）。 eg. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 关系词 先行词 在从句中成分 who 人 主语，宾语，表语 whom  人 宾语 whose 人，物 定语 that  人，物 主语，宾语，表语 which 物 主语，宾语 when  时间 状语 where  地点 状语 why  原因 状语 1．The students were deeply impressed by the schools ________ they had visited in the city. A．what B．that C．where D．who 2．Nanjing is a city ________ attracts a lot of people. A．where B．which C．why D．how 3．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing _________ can get in the way of our success. A．who B．that C．whom 4．My favorite movie is YOLO (YOLO is short for You Only Live Once《热辣滚烫》) by Jia Ling _________ is one of the most famous film directors in China. A．which B．who C．whose 5．—Nowadays young people use “digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” to describe the videos ________ they watch while eating. —Yes. And these videos are often about daily life. They’re easy to watch and enjoy. A．who B．what C．that · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：学生们对他们在这个城市参观过的学校印象深刻。考查定语从句引导词。what不用于引导定语从句；that可指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where指地点，在定语从句中作状语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据“The students were deeply impressed by the schools…they had visited in the city.”可知，they had visited in the city是定语从句，修饰先行词schools，先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语，所以用that引导定语从句。故选B。 2. 句意：南京是一座吸引了许多人的城市。考查定语从句。where 是关系副词，表地点，在从句中作状语； which 是关系代词，代指名词，在从句中充当主语；why 表原因；how 表方式。定语从句中缺少主语，且指代的是先行词 “city”物，因此需用关系代词 which 或 that，在从句中作主语。故选B。 3. 句意：如果我们怀着远大梦想努力学习，就没有什么能阻碍我们成功。  考查定语从句。who指代人，作主语；that可指代人或物，作主语或宾语；whom指代人，作宾语。根据题干结构，空格处需要填入能指代“nothing”的关系代词，且在从句中作主语，因此应选用可指代物的“that”。故选B。 4. 句意：我最喜欢的电影是中国最著名的电影导演之一贾玲的YOLO (YOLO是You Only Live Once《热辣滚烫》的缩写。考查定语从句。which哪一个；who谁；whose谁的。该句子的先行词是Jia Ling，指人，设空处在从句中作主语，可用who引导限制性定语从句。 故选B。 5. 句意：——如今年轻人用“电子榨菜”来形容他们吃东西时看的视频。——那是真的。并且这些视频通常是关于日常生活的。它们很容易看并且很好看。考查定语从句。根据“Nowadays young people use ‘digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)’ to describe the videos ... they watch while eating.”可知，空处到句末是定语从句，what不引导定语从句，排除B选项，结合先行词“videos”可知，此处指代物，应用that。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2. B 3.B 4.B 5.C 一、单项选择 1．—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为人工智能在未来能完全取代教师的工作吗？——不，很多任务可以由人工智能来完成，但教师的关怀永远无法被复制。考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，句子描述的是一般事实，所以时态用一般现在时，且主语tasks和谓语动词do之间存在被动关系，所以应用被动语态；一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语是复数，用are，do的过去分词是done。故选D。 2．According to iMedia Research, the Chinese herbal drinks (草药饮品) market ________ to reach 100 billion yuan in 2028. A．is expected B．expects C．will expect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：根据iMedia Research的数据，中国草药饮品市场预计到2028年将达到1000亿元人民币。 考查被动语态。be expected to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“被期望做某事；有望做某事”，这里表示 “中国草药饮品市场有望在2028年达到1000亿元”，用被动语态符合语境。故选A。 3．Every year, new rules ________ in schools to keep students safe. A．make B．are making C．are made D．were made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年，学校都会制定新的规则来保障学生的安全。考查被动语态。主语rules和动词make是动宾关系，时态是一般现在时，被动语态结构是am/is/are done，主语是复数，故选C。 4．To fight against the pollution, the clean energy like solar power ______ more and more widely in modern society. A．uses B．will use C．used D．is used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了对抗污染，像太阳能这样的清洁能源在现代社会中被越来越广泛使用。 考查被动语态。根据“the clean energy like solar power...more and more widely in modern society”可知，此处指清洁能源被使用，所以用被动语态，且句子描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是am/is/are done，主语是the clean energy，为不可数名词，be动词用is，故选D。 5．—Do you know anything about the Dragon Boat Festival in China? —Yes, its celebrations ______ in late May or early June. A．have held B．were held C．hold D．are held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道中国的端午节吗？——是的，它的庆祝活动在五月下旬或六月初举行。 考查被动语态。hold举行，此处主语“celebrations”与动词“hold”为被动关系 (庆祝活动被举行)，且描述客观事实用一般现在时。故选D。 6．The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在2024年12月4日，中国春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“The Chinese Spring Festival”和动词include之间是被动关系；又根据时间状语“on December 4, 2024”可知，该句应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为单数，be动词用was，故选C。 7．The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries and each part of it ________ in separate periods. A．build B．is built C．built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：长城有两千多年的历史，它的每一部分都是在不同时期建造的。考查被动语态。it指代长城，和动词build是动宾关系，所以需要用被动语态结构，时态是一般过去时，故选D。 8．—The beautiful handiwork on the table looks so special. Who made it? —It ________ by my grandmother last week. She’s very skillful. A．makes B．made C．was made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——桌子上漂亮的手工艺品看起来很特别。谁做的？——这是我奶奶上周做的。她很有技巧。考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子可知，主语it和谓语动词之间是被动关系，再由“last week”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词构成是was/were done，主语是it，be动词用was。故选C。 9．The Water Festival ______ in Xishuangbanna from April 13th to 15th this year. Everyone had fun there. A．celebrate B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今年4月13日至15日，西双版纳庆祝了泼水节。大家在那里玩得很开心。   考查动词时态和语态。celebrate庆祝，一般现在时；celebrated庆祝了，一般过去时；is celebrated被庆祝，一般现在时的被动语态；was celebrated被庆祝了，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“this year”和“had fun”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，且主语“The Water Festival”与动词之间是被动关系。故选D。 10．Larry was really happy yesterday because he ________ for his excellent grades. A．praise B．praises C．is praised D．was praised 【答案】D 【详解】句意：拉里昨天很高兴，因为他的好成绩得到了表扬。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Larry was really happy yesterday because he…for his excellent grades”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，主语he与动词praise为被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。 11．—Do you go to the supermarket? —Oh, yes. I like the supermarket ________ is next to the post office. A．who B．what C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去超市吗？——哦，去的。我喜欢那家在邮局旁边的超市。 考查定语从句的关系代词。who用于修饰人，先行词须是人；what不能引导定语从句，通常用于名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句）；which用于修饰物，在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词“supermarket”是物，且关系词在从句中作主语（代替“supermarket”，即“超市在邮局旁边”）。修饰物且作主语时，关系词可用which或that。故选C。 12．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jack Brown仍然住在他父亲给他的这栋老房子里。考查定语从句关系词的用法。who先行词指人；when关系副词，指时间；which先行词指物；where关系副词，指地点。根据“Jack Brown still lives in the old house…”可知，先行词是house，用关系代词which作宾语，指物。故选C。 13．Your growth is the biggest gift ________ is given to your mother. Your mother cares herself least and loves you most. A．who B．which C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的成长是你送给母亲的最大礼物。你妈妈最不关心自己，最爱你。 考查定语从句。who谁，先行词指人；which哪一个，先行词指物；that那个，先行词指人/物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为指物的“gift”，且前有最高级修饰，that符合。故选C。 14．Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】D 【详解】句意：迈克尔永远不会忘记他在机场遇到的那个男人。 考查定语从句关系词的用法。that先行词指人或物；which先行词指物；what不引导定语从句；who先行词指人。根据句子中的“the man”可知，此处修饰的是人，且在句中作宾语，who与that均可，这种情况下who是最佳答案。故选D。 15．The house _______ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．that B．who C．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在街尽头的那个房子是我祖父母的，房子前面有个美丽的花园。考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，起连接作用，无实义，先行词可以指人或物；who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；what“什么”，引导名词性从句，在从句中作一定的成分。分析句子结构，空格处引导定语从句，先行词house指物，且house是从句的主语，引导词只起连接作用，应用that引导从句。故选A。 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Over the past forty-one years, a forest ranger (护林员) couple has given up the well-paid job and convenience in the city and turned to protect trees. Living in 16 condition than that in cities for many years, Tang Zitian and his wife, Li Qinglian, live on the Baituchong forest farm in Huitong County, Hunan Province. They help to breed (培育) 132 species of fir trees (冷杉). Their two daughters 17 by their grandparents. Tang and Li regularly walk 20kilometers 18 for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest. And there has not been a single fire 19 their base was established. They also need to measure the diameters (直径) of certain trees, collect seeds and other data of trees.Their diaries record 20 they see about sample trees every year, month and day. Even a little growth of a tree makes the couple excited. In 1981, the central government 21 planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm. Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help 22 the work. Luckily a few years later he married Li, who 23 as a ranger, too. But at the time, they each earned 1.50 yuan a day. And 24 living condition was too poor. Many of their co-workers moved to work in cities. But the couple decided to stay! Every now and then, some scientists came and helped 25 try some experiments so that they could breed new fir trees. Now their living condition has changed for better with their effort. 16．A．bad B．worse C．worst 17．A．raised B．were raising C．were raised 18．A．to check B．checking C．check 19．A．till B．since C．before 20．A．who B．what C．how 21．A．starts B．started C．has started 22．A．with B．for C．from 23．A．was working B．is working C．work 24．A．a B．an C．the 25．A．it B．their C．them 【答案】 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．B 21．B 22．A 23．A 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文讲述了一对护林员夫妇唐自田和李庆莲，四十一年来放弃城市里高薪且便利的生活，来到湖南会同县白土冲林场，从事冷杉培育、森林防火巡查、树木数据监测等工作，克服艰苦条件坚守岗位，助力林场发展的故事。 16．句意：多年来，他们生活在比城市更恶劣的条件中。 bad形容词原级；worse形容词比较级；worst形容词最高级。根据“than”可知，要用比较级。故选B。 17．句意：他们的两个女儿由祖父母抚养长大。 raised动词过去式；were waising过去进行时；were raised过去时被动语态。根据“Their two daughters … by their grandparents.”可知，主语Their two daughters和raise是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态were raised。故选C。 18．句意：唐和李定期步行20公里去检查600公顷森林的火灾隐患。 to check动词不定式；checking现在分词；check动词原形。根据“Tang and Li regularly walk 20 kilometers … for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest.”可知，此处用动词不定式表目的，即步行20公里的目的是检查火灾隐患。故选A。 19．句意：自从他们的基地建立以来，还没有发生过一次火灾。 till直到；since自从；before之前。根据“And there has not been a single fire … their base was established.”可知，since引导时间状语从句，常与现在完成时has not been搭配，符合语境。故选B。 20．句意：他们的日记记录了他们每年、每月、每天对样本树的观察情况。 who谁；what什么；how如何。根据“Their diaries record … they see about sample trees every year, month and day.”可知，此处需用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作see的宾语，指看到的东西。故选B。 21．句意：1981年，中央政府开始在林场种植高产冷杉树。 starts动词三单形式；started动词过去式；has started现在完成时。根据“In 1981, the central government … planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm.”可知，In 1981是过去时间，要用一般过去时。故选B。 22．句意：当时18岁的农村青年唐被派去协助这项工作。 with伴随；for为了；from来自。根据“Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help … the work.”可知，help with sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。故选A。 23．句意：几年后他结婚了，妻子李当时也在做护林员工作。 was working过去进行时；is working现在进行时；work一般现在时。根据“at the time”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时。故选A。 24．句意：而且当时生活条件太差了。 a不定冠词；an不定冠词；the定冠词。根据“And … living condition was too poor.”可知，这里的living condition是特指这对夫妇当时的生活条件，用定冠词。故选C。 25．句意：时不时有一些科学家来帮助他们尝试一些实验，以便培育新的冷杉树。 it主格代词；their物主代词；them宾格代词。根据“Every now and then, some scientists came and helped … try some experiments...”可知，help是动词，后接宾格them指代这对夫妇。故选C。 三、短文填空 （一） It was close to midnight. In Taipan village, 26 small mountain village in Guizhou Province, a basketball game was taking place. 27 (thousand) of people filled the court. People often call this tournament (锦标赛) “Village BA”. The 28-year-old Ou Minghui, a local of Guizhou, led his team 28 (win) the championship and won MVP. Ou began playing basketball at the age of eight. 29 his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱). Known as “grassroots players”, they mostly come 30 Taipan and nearby villages. They are farmers, cooks, and drivers. “Professionals have their dreams, and we have 31 (we), ” Ou said. The tournament started in August 2022 with 1, 200 villagers. Basketball has deep roots here—the first court 32 (build) in 1936. Since then, Taipan village 33 (hold) many tournaments. The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep, 34 (cow), and pigs. At halftime, local performances light up the court. For locals, Village BA is not 35 (simple) an important event—it’s a cultural festival. 【答案】 26．a 27．Thousands 28．to win 29．Although/Though/While 30．from 31．ours 32．was built 33．has held 34．cows 35．simply 【导语】本文介绍了贵州台盘村的“村BA”篮球赛事，讲述其举办情况、参赛人员、赛事历史、奖励以及赛事意义，展现 “村BA” 的独特魅力与深厚底蕴。 26．句意：在贵州省的一个小山村——台盘村，正在进行一场篮球比赛。根据“small mountain village in Guizhou Province”可知，small mountain village in Guizhou Province是对Taipan village的同位语解释，village是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个小山村”，用不定冠词a修饰，表泛指。故填a。 27．句意：数千人挤满了球场。根据“of people filled the court”可知，thousands of是固定短语，意为“数以千计的；成千上万的”，表示不确定的大量数量，句首首字母大写。故填Thousands。 28．句意：28岁的贵州本地人欧明辉带领他的球队赢得了冠军，并获得了最有价值球员称号。根据“led his team”可知，lead sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“带领某人做某事”。故填to win。 29．句意：虽然他的工作是务农，但篮球仍是他一生的热爱。根据“his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱).”可知，前后句是让步关系，即工作是务农，却热爱篮球。Although/Though/While都可引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”。故填Although/Though/While。 30．句意：作为草根球员，他们大多来自台盘村和附近的村庄。根据“they mostly come”可知，come from是固定短语，意为“来自”，这里表示球员的来源地。故填from。 31．句意：欧明辉说：“专业人士有他们的梦想，我们有我们的梦想。”。根据“Professionals have their dreams, and we have”可知，此处用名词性物主代词ours表示，相当于our dreams，以免重复。故填ours。 32．句意：篮球在这里有着深厚的根基——第一块球场建于1936年。根据“the first court”可知，the first court和build是被动关系，表示球场被建造，且时间是过去，用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”；court是单数。故填was built。 33．句意：从那以后，台盘村举办了许多场赛事。根据“Since then, Taipan village”可知，Since then是现在完成时的标志，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Taipan village是单数。故填has held。 34．句意：顶尖球队会获得当地牲畜作为奖励，比如羊、牛和猪。根据“The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep,”可知，这里cow用复数cows表类别，与sheep和pigs并列。故填cows。 35．句意：对当地人来说，“村BA”不只是一项重要赛事——它是一场文化节日。根据“Village BA is not”可知，修饰系动词is用副词，simple的副词形式是simply，意为“仅仅；只”。故填simply。 （二） 请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。 古代渠语 Classical Chinese is a written form of the Chinese language used in ancient China, mainly based on the language from before the Qin period.Before 1918, all articles were w 36 in Classical Chinese. Today, we generally call it “wenyanwen”. Classical Chinese is now an important c 37 for every middle school student. Learning it helps us understand h 38 ancient Chinese spoke and thought. I would like to recommend a book for students who are deeply i 39 in Classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese is a famous series with 4 books and 14 units. Each unit has three parts: anthology (选集), common words, and archaic Chinese (古汉语). Anthology p 40 many famous articles from The Analects, Stratagems of the Warring States, Zuo Tradition and The Works of Mencius. These works have made great contributions to Chinese literary history. After reading the anthology, you will learn how to tell the d 41 between ancient and modern words. For example, in spoken language, we say “你吃饭了吗?”, b 42 in Classical Chinese, it becomes “饭否?”, Archaic Chinese tells the background of the anthology, helping you better understand the stories. These parts are c 43 connected. If you only read the anthology, you will only understand what the teacher e 44 . If you only study common words but don’t read the anthology, you will only get some knowledge about words. Without learning archaic Chinese, you cannot truly master classical Chinese as a w 45 . So, you must study all three parts together. If you enjoy Classical Chinese, we hope this book will help deepen your interest in Classical Chinese, history, and literature. 【答案】 36．(w)ritten 37．(c)ourse 38．(h)ow 39．(i)nterested 40．(p)icks 41．(d)ifference/(d)ifferences 42．(b)ut 43．(c)losely 44．(e)xplains 45．(w)hole 【导语】 本文介绍了文言文的历史、作为中学生重要课程的意义，推荐了《古代汉语》系列书籍，阐述其选集、常用词和古汉语三部分内容及紧密联系，强调需综合学习以掌握文言文。 36．句意：1918年以前，所有文章都是用文言文书写的。根据“all articles were...in Classical Chinese”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“书写”，文章是“被书写”，用被动语态，be动词后接过去分词。“write”的过去分词为“written”，符合语境。故填(w)ritten。 37．句意：文言文现在是每个中学生的一门重要课程。根据“an important...for every middle school student”及首字母提示可知，此处指“课程”，“course”表示“课程”，符合语境。故填(c)ourse。 38．句意：学习它有助于我们理解古代中国人如何说话和思考。根据“understand...ancient Chinese spoke and thought”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“如何”，用“how”引导宾语从句，符合语境。故填(h)ow。 39．句意：我想给对文言文深感兴趣的学生推荐一本书。根据“are deeply...in Classical Chinese”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“be interested in”，表示“对……感兴趣”，符合语境。故填(i)nterested。 40．句意：选集选取了《论语》《战国策》《左传》和《孟子》中的许多著名文章。根据“Anthology...many famous articles from...”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“挑选，选取”，主语“Anthology”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“picks”，符合语境。故填(p)icks。 41．句意：读完选集后，你将学会如何区分古今词汇。根据“tell the...between ancient and modern words”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“tell the difference(s) between...”，表示“区分……之间的差异”，“difference”可用单数或复数形式，符合语境。故填(d)ifference(s)。 42．句意：例如，在口语中，我们说“你吃饭了吗？”，但在文言文中，它变成“饭否？”。根据前后句语义对比可知，此处表示转折关系，用“but”连接，符合语境。故填(b)ut。 43．句意：这些部分紧密相连。根据“These parts are...connected”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“紧密地”，用副词“closely”修饰动词“connected”，符合语境。故填(c)losely。 44．句意：如果你只阅读选集，你将只理解老师所讲解的内容。根据“what the teacher...”及首字母提示可知，此处表示“讲解，解释”，主语“the teacher”为第三人称单数，谓语动词用“explains”，符合语境。故填(e)xplains。 45．句意：如果不学习古汉语，你就无法真正整体掌握文言文。根据“as a...”及首字母提示可知，此处为固定搭配“as a whole”，表示“作为一个整体，整体上”，符合语境。故填(w)hole。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 2．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 4．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 5．（2024·福建·中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们在哪里拍的。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 6．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 7．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 8．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今年5月30日，神舟十六号载人飞船升空。考查被动语态。主语The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选A。 9．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year. A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：卡塔尔世界杯于去年11月21日至12月18日举行。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语“The Qatar World Cup”是动作“hold”的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。 11．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 12．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系，且结合“in the future”可知是指未来，因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C。 13．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系，结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done，故选D。 14．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汤姆，连接泸州和重庆的高速铁路有望在今年建成。——太棒了！我很期待！ 考查动词时态及被动语态。主语the high-speed railway与动词complete之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，高铁被建成，应为被动语态。根据“this year hopefully”及“I’m looking forward to it!”可知，高铁建成发生在将来，故此处是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 15．（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）—The 33rd Summer Olympic Games is coming. —Yes. It ________ in Paris from July 26th to August 11th this year. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——第33届夏季奥运会即将到来。——是的。它将于今年7月26日至8月11日在巴黎举行。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语与“hold”是被动关系，结合“from July 26th to August 11th this year”可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 16．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）What exciting news! The 2025 World Games ________ in Chengdu. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：多么令人兴奋的消息！2025年世界运动会将在成都举行。考查被动语态。根据“The 2025 World Games”可知，2025年世界运动会的举行发生在将来，此处应为一般将来时的被动语态，结构是will be done。故选C。 17．（2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It is reported that 6G technology ________ widely in a short time. A．used B．will use C．is used D．will be used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道，6G技术将在短时间内得到广泛应用。考查被动语态。主语6G technology和use之间是被动关系，根据“It is reported...in a short time”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 18．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023. A．was held B．will hold C．will be held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“from September 23 to October 8, 2023.”可知，句子时态用一般将来时，且主语“The 19th Asian Games”和谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be+动词的过去分词。故选C。 19．（2023·黑龙江·中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the future to develop science and technology in China. A．are building B．will be built C．were built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：未来将建设许多研究实验室，以发展中国的科学技术。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语labs和谓语build“建造”之间是被动关系，根据“in the future”可知句子用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选B。 20．（2023·福建·中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023. A．were used B．are using C．will be used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现代技术将在2023年9月举行的第19届亚运会上使用。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“in September, 2023”可知，是将来时，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 21．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语；which先行词为物；whose先行词为人，在从句中充当定语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导。故选B。 22．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的那些人。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是“the people”，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who引导定语从句。故选A。 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。 24．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。 25．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。 26．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous, what should I do?”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境，故选A。 27．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。 28．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知，时态为一般现在时；关系代词who代替先行词musicians，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。 29．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词the movies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，且不可省略。故选B。 30．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远会与你分享欢笑和泪水的人。考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词a person指人，且连接词在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选C。 提升专练 一、完形填空 For a long time, China didn’t have its own snow wax (蜡) cars. But that was until the Beijing Winter Olympics. China’s first home-grown snow wax car 1 in January 2022. It offered great help to Chinese players during the Games. Many people would like 2 more about it. Now let me tell you 3 it works. Snowboards and skis (滑雪橇) need to be well waxed in order to make sure the speed 4 players are racing. The car is a mobile waxing workshop. It can hold players both during training and in the Games. The snow wax car was developed by a research group in Shandong Province. Lots of technologies 5 to make the car smart. These include hydrogen power sources (氢能源), 5G communication, and so on. The car has a 6 usable area than any other snow wax car in the world. 7 area has 92.5 square meters. And the car is more than just a snow wax car. 8 can work in several other different areas. It allows players to warm up and shower 9 . It also provides room for toilets. Disabled players can even use it 10 a lift. 1．A．appears B．will appear C．appeared 2．A．know B．to know C．knowing 3．A．how B．that C．which 4．A．so B．when C．although 5．A．are used B．use C．are using 6．A．large B．largest C．larger 7．A．An B．The C．A 8．A．You B．They C．It 9．A．comfortably B．comfortable C．more comfortable 10．A．in B．like C．as 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国首辆国产雪蜡车，介绍了它的工作原理、技术应用和多功能用途。 1．句意：中国第一辆国产雪蜡车于 2022 年 1 月亮相。 appears意为“出现”，是appear的第三人称单数形式；appeared是appear的过去式；will appear是一般将来时。根据“in January 2022”可知，这是一个过去的时间点，描述过去发生的动作，要用一般过去时。故选C。 2．句意：许多人想更多地了解它。 know知道，是动词原形；to know是动词不定式，表目的；knowing是动名词形式。would like to do sth.是固定搭配，意为 “想要做某事”，所以这里要用 “to know”，故选B。 3．句意：现在让我告诉你它是如何工作的。 how如何，表示方式；that引导宾语从句时无实际意义；which哪一个。根据“Now let me tell you…it works.”可知，这里是说让我告诉你它是如何工作的，强调方式，所以用how，故选A。 4．句意：滑雪板和雪橇需要好好打蜡，以确保运动员比赛时的速度。 so表示结果或目的；when表示“当……时候”；although表示 “尽管”。根据“Snowboards and skis （滑雪橇）need to be well waxed in order to make sure the speed…players are racing.”可知，此处强调运动员比赛这个时间点，when引导的时间状语，符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：许多技术被用于使这辆车智能化。 are used被用于；use使用；are using正在使用。根据“Lots of technologies…to make the car smart.”可知，主语technologies和use之间是被动关系，要用被动语态“be + 过去分词”。句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，technologies是复数，be动词用are，use的过去分词是used，所以是are used。故选A。 6．句意：这辆车的可用面积比世界上任何其他雪蜡车都大。 large大的；largest最大的，是large的最高级；larger较大的，是large的比较级。由“than any other snow wax car in the world.”可知，这里要用比较级，large的比较级是larger。故选C。 7．句意：这个面积有92.5平方米。 an一个，表泛指；the定冠词，表特指；a一个，表泛指。根据“…area has 92.5 square meters. ”可知，这里特指上文提到的雪蜡车的面积，要用定冠词the。故选B。 8．句意：它还可以在其他几个不同的领域发挥作用。 you你，你们；they他们，它们，她们；it它。根据“…can work in several other different areas.”可知，这里指代上文提到的“the car”，用代词it。故选C。 9．句意：它让运动员能够舒适地热身和淋浴。 comfortably舒服地，副词；comfortable舒服的，形容词；more comfortable更舒服的，是比较级形式。根据“It allows players to warm up and shower…”可知，这里修饰动词warm up和shower，要用副词。故选A。 10．句意：残疾人运动员甚至可以把它当作电梯使用。 in在……里面；like像；as作为，当作。use sth. as...表示 “把某物用作……”。根据“Disabled players can even use it…a lift.”可知，这里是说残疾人运动员甚至可以把它当作电梯使用。故选C。 二、阅读理解 The Internet, mobile phones and iPads are part of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting (影响) all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans. We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly. Global Positioning System (GPS) (全球定位系统) It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. It’s made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers. Space Technology Russian and American scientists have worked together for the International Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space. Underwater Robot Hercules is a kind of underwater robot with some high technology equipments. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago. The world is changing so quickly that it’s hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the times. 11．Which of the followings can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly? A．Satellites. B．Receivers. C．Global Positioning System. D．Underwater Robot. 12．According to the passage, which is TRUE about the ISS? A．It has carried people to other planets. B．It will provide a long-lasting lab for us. C．Russia and the UK are working for it. D．Humans will get a lot of information from it. 13．What is Hercules used to do? A．save lives in the sea. B．take pictures in the sea. C．repair the broken ships. D．look for the ancient ships in the sea. 14．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditions B．It’s very important for us to learn about new technology C．It’s easy for us to catch up with all the new inventions D．technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans 15．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To help us study some new technology. B．To tell us technology is changing the world. C．To help solve the problems that technology causes. D．To remind us the advantages of technology are limitless. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．D 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们：现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步。 11．细节理解题。根据“It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions.”可知，全球定位系统可以告诉你用户在地球上的确切位置。故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab.”可知，它将为我们提供一个长期的实验室。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago.”可知，它被用来在海中寻找古船。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the times.”可知，学习新技术对我们来说很重要。故选B。 15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍几种新科技来告诉我们：现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步，因此本文的主要目的是告诉我们科技正在改变世界。故选B。 B Chen Junhang is a 15-year-old student at Huian No. 3 Middle School in Fujian. He has started his own journey into programming and artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) without any traditional education in the subjects. His interest in coding (编程) began in 3rd grade when he won first place in a game. “Wanting to learn more, I started studying programming on my own by buying books,” Chen said. When generative AI (生成式AI) became popular, Chen found new ways to use AI for different things, like writing articles and planning class activities. One of Chen’s biggest achievements is an evaluation system (评估系统) he made for his mother, a primary school teacher. This system makes comments (评价) for students from certain keywords. The system is easy to use: it lets users pick different types of keywords, like giving good words for students who do well in class and different ones for those who don’t. After choosing those words, the program sends this information to an AI model through an app to write the final comments. Looking to the future, Chen wants to develop AI software that talks with users. “It would start talking, saying hello when users turn on their computers and give help when needed,” he said. Although Chen learns about AI by himself, schools are important places for teaching AI. Many schools are planning to give students a chance to try their hands at AI. 16．Who taught Chen Junhang artificial intelligence? A．His students. B．His mother. C．His teacher. D．Nobody. 17．What made Chen Junhang more interested in learning coding? A．His mother’s encouragement. B．His success in a coding game. C．The programming class he took. D．A programming book he has read. 18．Chen Junhang’s evaluation system can ________. A．help teachers give final comments easily B．choose the best keywords for its users easily C．give more good comments than bad comments D．help users write articles and plan class activities 19．What is Chen Junhang’s future plan? A．He will help his mother write comments by hand. B．He will use a new AI software to plan his journey. C．He will go on developing AI software to help more people. D．He will give other students a chance to learn AI from him. 20．What is the main idea of this text? A．How to make an evaluation system? B．How to help teachers use AI? C．AI software is popular with students. D．A young boy makes AI improve life. 【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文主要描述了陈君航在编程和人工智能领域的成就及未来的计划。 16．细节理解题。根据“He has started his own journey into programming and artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) without any traditional education in the subjects.”及“Although Chen learns about AI by himself,”可知，他没有接受过这方面的教育，是他自学的，没有人教他。故选D。 17．细节理解题。根据“His interest in coding (编程) began in 3rd grade when he won first place in a game.”可知，他对编程的兴趣始于三年级时赢得了一场游戏的第一名。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“This system makes comments (评价) for students from certain keywords...the program sends this information to an AI model through an app to write the final comments.”可知，这个系统可以帮助教师轻松给出最终评语。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“Chen wants to develop AI software that talks with users. ‘It would start talking, saying hello when users turn on their computers and give help when needed,’ he said.”可知，他希望继续开发人工智能软件，帮助有需要的人。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要介绍了一个15岁的男孩在人工智能领域的成就，他制作的AI改变了生活。故选D。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 There are about 7 billion people on Earth today and we use a lot of energy. Most people use natural gas or oil, and some have already started to use energy that comes 21 wind and the sun. What energy did people use in the past? The first energy source was 22 (probable) wood. Wood was easy to find and use. Early humans used wood 23 (keep) warm and cook food. We don’t know when early humans learned 24 (they) ways of making fire. Maybe it was at least 1 million years ago. Even today, wood is still a common and convenient energy source. One of the world’s 25 (old) energy sources is coal (煤炭). Coal looks like 26 black rock, but it is made of ancient plants. During the 1800s, coal became important for social development. At that time, it 27 (use) by people around the world to power ships, trains and factories. 28 burning coal causes serious air pollution, people still use it today. Water is another old source of energy. Research shows the ancient Greeks were using water over 2,000 years ago. How? They 29 (build) big wheels (轮子) out of wood, and then they put part of the wheel underwater. The moving water caused the wheel to turn and make energy. Today in many 30 (country), people still use water for energy and the wheels are much larger. 【答案】 21．from 22．probably 23．to keep 24．their 25．oldest 26．a 27．was used 28．Although/Though 29．built 30．countries 【导语】本文探讨了当今世界能源的使用情况。 21．句意：大多数人使用天然气或石油，有些人已经开始使用来自风和太阳的能源。表示能量的来源，用短语come from“来自”。故填from。 22．句意：第一个能源可能是木材。probable是形容词，probably是其副词形式，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，表示“可能”。故填probably。 23．句意：早期人类使用木材保持温暖和烹饪食物。短语use sth. to do sth. 表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以这里用不定式to keep。故填to keep。 24．句意：我们不知道早期人类是什么时候学会了他们的生火方式。their是形容词性物主代词，修饰ways，表示“他们的生火方式”。故填their。 25．句意：世界上的最古老的能源之一是煤炭。根据“one of the world’s”，表示“世界上最……之一”，后面需要接形容词的最高级形式，故填oldest。 26．句意：煤看起来像一块黑色岩石，但它是由古老的植物构成的。coal是可数名词单数，black rock表示泛指的“一块黑色岩石”，所以用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 27．句意：当时，它被世界各地的人们用于为轮船、火车和工厂提供动力。根据句意可知，需要用被动语态，又因为时间是“During the 1800s”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was used。故填was used。 28．句意：虽然燃烧煤炭会造成严重的空气污染，但是人们今天仍在使用它。前后是转折关系，虽然烧煤会造成严重的空气污染，但人们今天仍然使用它，所以用Although或Though。故填Although/ Though。 29．句意：他们用木头建造大轮子，然后他们将轮子的一部分放入水下。根据句意可知，这是描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时built。故填built。 30．句意：今天，在许多国家，人们仍然使用水作为能源，而且轮子要大得多。many后面需要接可数名词的复数形式，country的复数形式为countries。故填countries。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit4 语法 （一般过去时被动语态、一般将来时被动语态、定语从句） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 考点 1 一般过去时态被动语态 一般过去时态被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作或过去某一时刻发生的被动动作，与主动语态相比，被动语态中主语是谓语动作的承受者。 其构成为：主语(动作承受者) ＋ was/were ＋ 过去分词( ＋ by ＋ 执行者)。 如： I was given a book by my teacher this morning. 今天上午我的老师给了我一本书。 1.肯定句式 ：主语 + was /were + v.-ed 2.否定句式 ：主语+ was/were + not + v.-ed 3.一般疑问句式： Was /Were + 主语 + vt.-ed 4.特殊疑问句式：疑问词W/H + was/were +主语 + v.-ed Eg： An e-mail was sent to her friend by Linda yesterday. An e-mail wasn’t sent to her friend by Jane yesterday. Was an e-mail sent to her friend by Linda yesterday? Who was the e-mail sent to by Linda yesterday? 1．The noise which ________ by pupils outside the house kept people upset. A．was made B．made C．were made 2．—I haven’t seen Billy for days! What happened? —He__________ because of his drunk-driving. A．has caught B．caught C．is caught D．was caught 3．When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．got used B．is used C．used D．was used 4．We ________ to enter the final competition because we did a very good job. A．chose B．have chosen C．are chosen D．were chosen 5．The new Guangzhou Baiyun Railway Station, the largest railway station in Asia, ________ in December, 2023. A．completed B．was completed C．will be completed · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：房子外面学生们制造的噪音让人们心烦意乱。考查被动语态。根据“The noise which…by pupils outside the house”可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语which相当于先行词noise，noise和make之间是被动关系，即噪音是被学生制造出来的，要用被动语态；noise为不可数名词，所以be动词用was。故选A。 2. 句意：——我好几天没见到比利了！发生了什么事？——他因为酒驾被抓了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“What happened”可知，此处用一般过去时态，且“he”与“catch”之间是被动关系，即“他被抓”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语“he”是第三人称单数，所以用was，catch的过去分词是caught，故选D。 3. 句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，是过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 4. 句意：我们被选中进入决赛，因为我们表现得非常出色。考查被动语态。根据“We...to enter the final competition because we did a very good job.”可知，句子时态是一般过去时态，主语“we”和动词“choose”之间是被动关系，即“我们是被选中”的，所以应该使用一般过去时态的被动语态。故选D。 5. 句意：新广州白云火车站是亚洲最大的火车站，于2023年12月完工。考查时态和被动语态。主语station与complete之间是被动关系，根据“2023”可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 · 答案1. A 2. D 3.D 4.D 5.B 考点 2 一般将来时态被动语态 一般将来时态的被动语态表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。 (1) will (not) be +done, shall (not) be done The task will not be completed before noon.[来源:学,科,网] 任务将不能在中午之前被完成。 We shall be given two hours to finish the job. 我们将被给予两个小时来完成这项工作。 (2) be (not) going to be done This issue is going to be talked about tomorrow. 这个议题将在明天被讨论。 (3) be (not) to be done His new book is to be published next month. 他的新书将在下月出版。 (4)一般疑问句：shall/will+S+be done, be+S+going to be done, 或be+S+to be done。 Is Peter to be invited to the party this evening? 皮特会被邀请参加今晚的聚会吗？ (5) 特殊疑问句：疑问词+shall/will/ +S+ be done，疑问词+be+S+going to be done, 或疑问词+be+S+ to be done。 When is the sports meet going to be held? 打算在什么时候开运动会？ 1．Someone has called 120. The little girl ________ to hospital in a few minutes. A．takes B．is taking C．was taken D．will be taken 2．According to the laws, 3D glasses ________ if you are going to watch a 3D film. A．is provided B．will be provided C．is served D．will be served 3．My first trip abroad in 2019 ________ by me forever. A．is remembered B．was remembered C．will be remembered D．has been remembered 4．A new airport ______ in this city next year. A．builds B．is built C．will build D．will be built 5.—We must spend more time on the arts from now on. —Certainly. We ________ in the coming music and art exam. A．are test B．will test C．will be tested · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：有人打了120。小女孩几分钟后就会被送往医院。考查一般将来时的被动语态。takes一般现在时；is taking现在进行时；was taken一般过去时的被动语态；will be taken一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in a few minutes”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语“The little girl”和谓语动词take之间是被动关系，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 2. 句意：根据法律规定，如果你要观看3D电影，会提供3D眼镜。考查动词辨析和一般将来时的被动语态。根据“if you are going to watch a 3D film.”可知，主句描述的是在“将要观看3D电影”这一未来条件下的结果，需用一般将来时；主语“3D glasses”是动作的承受者（被提供），因此用被动语态（be + 过去分词）；提供眼镜应用“provide”。故选B。 3. 句意：我2019年的首次国外之旅将永远被我铭记。 考查动词的时态和语态。“forever”暗示这个动作会在未来持续存在，应该用一般将来时；同时 “trip”和“remember”之间是被动关系，即旅行是被人铭记，要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will be + 过去分词”，“remember”的过去分词是“remembered”，故选C。 4. 句意：明年这个城市将建一座新机场。考查一般将来时的被动语态。builds是三单形式；is built是一般现在时的被动语态；will build是一般将来时；will be built是一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next year”可知，该句时态为一般将来时，主语“A new airport”和动词build之间是被动关系，即机场是被建造的，要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。故选D。 5. 句意：——我们必须从现在开始花更多的时间在艺术上。——当然。我们将在即将到来的音乐和艺术考试中接受测试。考查被动语态。根据题干可知，主语“We”和动词“test”之间是被动关系，结合“from now on”和答语可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，因此使用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选C。 · 答案1. D 2. B 3.C 4.D 5.C 考点 3 定语从句 定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，用于修饰句中的某一名词（或代词）。 被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词”， 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句 例句：China is the third nation that sent a person into space.中国是第三个将人送入太空的国家。 考点： 本句中that sent a person into space 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词nation。定语从句： （1）含义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 （2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 （3）关系词： ①含义：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 ②关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 ③作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。 考点： （4）关系代词引导的定语从句 ①who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语（此时who不可省略）。 eg. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 关系词 先行词 在从句中成分 who 人 主语，宾语，表语 whom  人 宾语 whose 人，物 定语 that  人，物 主语，宾语，表语 which 物 主语，宾语 when  时间 状语 where  地点 状语 why  原因 状语 1．The students were deeply impressed by the schools ________ they had visited in the city. A．what B．that C．where D．who 2．Nanjing is a city ________ attracts a lot of people. A．where B．which C．why D．how 3．If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing _________ can get in the way of our success. A．who B．that C．whom 4．My favorite movie is YOLO (YOLO is short for You Only Live Once《热辣滚烫》) by Jia Ling _________ is one of the most famous film directors in China. A．which B．who C．whose 5．—Nowadays young people use “digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)” to describe the videos ________ they watch while eating. —Yes. And these videos are often about daily life. They’re easy to watch and enjoy. A．who B．what C．that · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：学生们对他们在这个城市参观过的学校印象深刻。考查定语从句引导词。what不用于引导定语从句；that可指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；where指地点，在定语从句中作状语；who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据“The students were deeply impressed by the schools…they had visited in the city.”可知，they had visited in the city是定语从句，修饰先行词schools，先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语，所以用that引导定语从句。故选B。 2. 句意：南京是一座吸引了许多人的城市。考查定语从句。where 是关系副词，表地点，在从句中作状语； which 是关系代词，代指名词，在从句中充当主语；why 表原因；how 表方式。定语从句中缺少主语，且指代的是先行词 “city”物，因此需用关系代词 which 或 that，在从句中作主语。故选B。 3. 句意：如果我们怀着远大梦想努力学习，就没有什么能阻碍我们成功。  考查定语从句。who指代人，作主语；that可指代人或物，作主语或宾语；whom指代人，作宾语。根据题干结构，空格处需要填入能指代“nothing”的关系代词，且在从句中作主语，因此应选用可指代物的“that”。故选B。 4. 句意：我最喜欢的电影是中国最著名的电影导演之一贾玲的YOLO (YOLO是You Only Live Once《热辣滚烫》的缩写。考查定语从句。which哪一个；who谁；whose谁的。该句子的先行词是Jia Ling，指人，设空处在从句中作主语，可用who引导限制性定语从句。 故选B。 5. 句意：——如今年轻人用“电子榨菜”来形容他们吃东西时看的视频。——那是真的。并且这些视频通常是关于日常生活的。它们很容易看并且很好看。考查定语从句。根据“Nowadays young people use ‘digital pickled vegetables (电子榨菜)’ to describe the videos ... they watch while eating.”可知，空处到句末是定语从句，what不引导定语从句，排除B选项，结合先行词“videos”可知，此处指代物，应用that。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2. B 3.B 4.B 5.C 一、单项选择 1．—Do you think AI can completely take teachers’ jobs in the future? —No, many tasks ________ by AI, but teachers’ care can never be copied. A．done B．doing C．are doing D．are done 2．According to iMedia Research, the Chinese herbal drinks (草药饮品) market ________ to reach 100 billion yuan in 2028. A．is expected B．expects C．will expect 3．Every year, new rules ________ in schools to keep students safe. A．make B．are making C．are made D．were made 4．To fight against the pollution, the clean energy like solar power ______ more and more widely in modern society. A．uses B．will use C．used D．is used 5．—Do you know anything about the Dragon Boat Festival in China? —Yes, its celebrations ______ in late May or early June. A．have held B．were held C．hold D．are held 6．The Chinese Spring Festival ________ on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024. A．includes B．has included C．was included D．has been included 7．The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries and each part of it ________ in separate periods. A．build B．is built C．built D．was built 8．—The beautiful handiwork on the table looks so special. Who made it? —It ________ by my grandmother last week. She’s very skillful. A．makes B．made C．was made 9．The Water Festival ______ in Xishuangbanna from April 13th to 15th this year. Everyone had fun there. A．celebrate B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated 10．Larry was really happy yesterday because he ________ for his excellent grades. A．praise B．praises C．is praised D．was praised 11．—Do you go to the supermarket? —Oh, yes. I like the supermarket ________ is next to the post office. A．who B．what C．which 12．Jack Brown still lives in the old house ________ his father gave him. A．who B．when C．which D．where 13．Your growth is the biggest gift ________ is given to your mother. Your mother cares herself least and loves you most. A．who B．which C．that 14．Michael will never forget the man ________ he met at the airport. A．that B．which C．what D．who 15．The house _______ stands at the end of the street, with a beautiful garden in front, belongs to my grandparents. A．that B．who C．what 二、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Over the past forty-one years, a forest ranger (护林员) couple has given up the well-paid job and convenience in the city and turned to protect trees. Living in 16 condition than that in cities for many years, Tang Zitian and his wife, Li Qinglian, live on the Baituchong forest farm in Huitong County, Hunan Province. They help to breed (培育) 132 species of fir trees (冷杉). Their two daughters 17 by their grandparents. Tang and Li regularly walk 20kilometers 18 for fire risks in the 600-hectare forest. And there has not been a single fire 19 their base was established. They also need to measure the diameters (直径) of certain trees, collect seeds and other data of trees.Their diaries record 20 they see about sample trees every year, month and day. Even a little growth of a tree makes the couple excited. In 1981, the central government 21 planting high-yield (高产的) fir trees on the forest farm. Tang, who was then an 18-year-old county resident, was sent to help 22 the work. Luckily a few years later he married Li, who 23 as a ranger, too. But at the time, they each earned 1.50 yuan a day. And 24 living condition was too poor. Many of their co-workers moved to work in cities. But the couple decided to stay! Every now and then, some scientists came and helped 25 try some experiments so that they could breed new fir trees. Now their living condition has changed for better with their effort. 16．A．bad B．worse C．worst 17．A．raised B．were raising C．were raised 18．A．to check B．checking C．check 19．A．till B．since C．before 20．A．who B．what C．how 21．A．starts B．started C．has started 22．A．with B．for C．from 23．A．was working B．is working C．work 24．A．a B．an C．the 25．A．it B．their C．them 三、短文填空 （一） It was close to midnight. In Taipan village, 26 small mountain village in Guizhou Province, a basketball game was taking place. 27 (thousand) of people filled the court. People often call this tournament (锦标赛) “Village BA”. The 28-year-old Ou Minghui, a local of Guizhou, led his team 28 (win) the championship and won MVP. Ou began playing basketball at the age of eight. 29 his job is farming, basketball remains his lifelong passion (热爱). Known as “grassroots players”, they mostly come 30 Taipan and nearby villages. They are farmers, cooks, and drivers. “Professionals have their dreams, and we have 31 (we), ” Ou said. The tournament started in August 2022 with 1, 200 villagers. Basketball has deep roots here—the first court 32 (build) in 1936. Since then, Taipan village 33 (hold) many tournaments. The top teams receive local livestock (牲畜) as a reward, like sheep, 34 (cow), and pigs. At halftime, local performances light up the court. For locals, Village BA is not 35 (simple) an important event—it’s a cultural festival. （二） 请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。 古代渠语 Classical Chinese is a written form of the Chinese language used in ancient China, mainly based on the language from before the Qin period.Before 1918, all articles were w 36 in Classical Chinese. Today, we generally call it “wenyanwen”. Classical Chinese is now an important c 37 for every middle school student. Learning it helps us understand h 38 ancient Chinese spoke and thought. I would like to recommend a book for students who are deeply i 39 in Classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese is a famous series with 4 books and 14 units. Each unit has three parts: anthology (选集), common words, and archaic Chinese (古汉语). Anthology p 40 many famous articles from The Analects, Stratagems of the Warring States, Zuo Tradition and The Works of Mencius. These works have made great contributions to Chinese literary history. After reading the anthology, you will learn how to tell the d 41 between ancient and modern words. For example, in spoken language, we say “你吃饭了吗?”, b 42 in Classical Chinese, it becomes “饭否?”, Archaic Chinese tells the background of the anthology, helping you better understand the stories. These parts are c 43 connected. If you only read the anthology, you will only understand what the teacher e 44 . If you only study common words but don’t read the anthology, you will only get some knowledge about words. Without learning archaic Chinese, you cannot truly master classical Chinese as a w 45 . So, you must study all three parts together. If you enjoy Classical Chinese, we hope this book will help deepen your interest in Classical Chinese, history, and literature. 真题感知 一、单项选择 1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 2．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 3．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 4．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 5．（2024·福建·中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 6．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 7．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 8．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 9．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year. A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held 10．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 11．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 12．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future. A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved 13．（2024·安徽·中考真题）The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it. A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 14．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully. — Amazing! I’m looking forward to it! A．completes B．is completed C．was completed D．will be completed 15．（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）—The 33rd Summer Olympic Games is coming. —Yes. It ________ in Paris from July 26th to August 11th this year. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 16．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）What exciting news! The 2025 World Games ________ in Chengdu. A．was held B．is held C．will be held 17．（2023·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It is reported that 6G technology ________ widely in a short time. A．used B．will use C．is used D．will be used 18．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023. A．was held B．will hold C．will be held 19．（2023·黑龙江·中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the future to develop science and technology in China. A．are building B．will be built C．were built 20．（2023·福建·中考真题）Modern technologies ________ in the 19 Asian Games in September, 2023. A．were used B．are using C．will be used 21．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope. A．whom B．who C．which D．whose 22．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young. A．who B．when C．where D．which 23．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days. A．who B．which C．whose 24．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky. A．where B．when C．which D．who 25．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. A．when B．who C．that 26．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）—I feel so nervous. What should I do? —You’d better listen to music that ________. A．helps you relax B．you can dance C．makes you sad 27．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 28．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music. A．play B．plays C．was playing D．is playing 29．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best? —I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed. A．what B．which C．who D．/ 30．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 提升专练 一、完形填空 For a long time, China didn’t have its own snow wax (蜡) cars. But that was until the Beijing Winter Olympics. China’s first home-grown snow wax car 1 in January 2022. It offered great help to Chinese players during the Games. Many people would like 2 more about it. Now let me tell you 3 it works. Snowboards and skis (滑雪橇) need to be well waxed in order to make sure the speed 4 players are racing. The car is a mobile waxing workshop. It can hold players both during training and in the Games. The snow wax car was developed by a research group in Shandong Province. Lots of technologies 5 to make the car smart. These include hydrogen power sources (氢能源), 5G communication, and so on. The car has a 6 usable area than any other snow wax car in the world. 7 area has 92.5 square meters. And the car is more than just a snow wax car. 8 can work in several other different areas. It allows players to warm up and shower 9 . It also provides room for toilets. Disabled players can even use it 10 a lift. 1．A．appears B．will appear C．appeared 2．A．know B．to know C．knowing 3．A．how B．that C．which 4．A．so B．when C．although 5．A．are used B．use C．are using 6．A．large B．largest C．larger 7．A．An B．The C．A 8．A．You B．They C．It 9．A．comfortably B．comfortable C．more comfortable 10．A．in B．like C．as 二、阅读理解 The Internet, mobile phones and iPads are part of our lives now. Technology is greatly affecting (影响) all ways of our lives, from the ways we work to the ways we play. And it even causes a number of social problems such as cloning humans. We have had lots of technology and it has changed our lives a lot. There is no doubt that humans will continue to use more and more technology. Here are some examples of modern technology that will change our ideas and will affect our lives greatly. Global Positioning System (GPS) (全球定位系统) It’s a system that uses radio signals from satellites to show exact information. It tells you where the user is on the earth in all weather conditions. It’s made up of three parts: satellites, control equipments (设备) on land and receivers. Space Technology Russian and American scientists have worked together for the International Space Station (ISS) for a long time. They hope the ISS will provide a long-lasting lab. Such a lab will bring humans limitless (无限的) advantages. It’s even hoped that one day space technology will take humans to their new houses in space. Underwater Robot Hercules is a kind of underwater robot with some high technology equipments. It will be used to search for ancient ships which were destroyed into the deep sea during their journey long ago. The world is changing so quickly that it’s hard for us to catch up with all the new inventions because they seem to come out every month. It’s important for us to learn about new technology and the role that it plays in our lives. So we should be willing to accept modern technology, or we will fall behind the times. 11．Which of the followings can tell you where the user is on the earth exactly? A．Satellites. B．Receivers. C．Global Positioning System. D．Underwater Robot. 12．According to the passage, which is TRUE about the ISS? A．It has carried people to other planets. B．It will provide a long-lasting lab for us. C．Russia and the UK are working for it. D．Humans will get a lot of information from it. 13．What is Hercules used to do? A．save lives in the sea. B．take pictures in the sea. C．repair the broken ships. D．look for the ancient ships in the sea. 14．From the passage, we know that ________. A．the use of GPS is affected by the weather conditions B．It’s very important for us to learn about new technology C．It’s easy for us to catch up with all the new inventions D．technology brings us many advantages such as cloning humans 15．What is the main purpose of writing the passage? A．To help us study some new technology. B．To tell us technology is changing the world. C．To help solve the problems that technology causes. D．To remind us the advantages of technology are limitless. B Chen Junhang is a 15-year-old student at Huian No. 3 Middle School in Fujian. He has started his own journey into programming and artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) without any traditional education in the subjects. His interest in coding (编程) began in 3rd grade when he won first place in a game. “Wanting to learn more, I started studying programming on my own by buying books,” Chen said. When generative AI (生成式AI) became popular, Chen found new ways to use AI for different things, like writing articles and planning class activities. One of Chen’s biggest achievements is an evaluation system (评估系统) he made for his mother, a primary school teacher. This system makes comments (评价) for students from certain keywords. The system is easy to use: it lets users pick different types of keywords, like giving good words for students who do well in class and different ones for those who don’t. After choosing those words, the program sends this information to an AI model through an app to write the final comments. Looking to the future, Chen wants to develop AI software that talks with users. “It would start talking, saying hello when users turn on their computers and give help when needed,” he said. Although Chen learns about AI by himself, schools are important places for teaching AI. Many schools are planning to give students a chance to try their hands at AI. 16．Who taught Chen Junhang artificial intelligence? A．His students. B．His mother. C．His teacher. D．Nobody. 17．What made Chen Junhang more interested in learning coding? A．His mother’s encouragement. B．His success in a coding game. C．The programming class he took. D．A programming book he has read. 18．Chen Junhang’s evaluation system can ________. A．help teachers give final comments easily B．choose the best keywords for its users easily C．give more good comments than bad comments D．help users write articles and plan class activities 19．What is Chen Junhang’s future plan? A．He will help his mother write comments by hand. B．He will use a new AI software to plan his journey. C．He will go on developing AI software to help more people. D．He will give other students a chance to learn AI from him. 20．What is the main idea of this text? A．How to make an evaluation system? B．How to help teachers use AI? C．AI software is popular with students. D．A young boy makes AI improve life. 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 There are about 7 billion people on Earth today and we use a lot of energy. Most people use natural gas or oil, and some have already started to use energy that comes 21 wind and the sun. What energy did people use in the past? The first energy source was 22 (probable) wood. Wood was easy to find and use. Early humans used wood 23 (keep) warm and cook food. We don’t know when early humans learned 24 (they) ways of making fire. Maybe it was at least 1 million years ago. Even today, wood is still a common and convenient energy source. One of the world’s 25 (old) energy sources is coal (煤炭). Coal looks like 26 black rock, but it is made of ancient plants. During the 1800s, coal became important for social development. At that time, it 27 (use) by people around the world to power ships, trains and factories. 28 burning coal causes serious air pollution, people still use it today. Water is another old source of energy. Research shows the ancient Greeks were using water over 2,000 years ago. How? They 29 (build) big wheels (轮子) out of wood, and then they put part of the wheel underwater. The moving water caused the wheel to turn and make energy. Today in many 30 (country), people still use water for energy and the wheels are much larger. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$