衔接点13 状语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点13 状语从句（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中状语从句考点聚焦】 1．Mr. White has collected more than sixty Chinese paintings ________ he came to Shanghai five years ago. A．since B．when C．before D．until 2．My mother was washing the dishes ________ I was playing the piano at that time. A．since B．while C．until D．unless 3．After the war, a new school was put up ________ there had once been a theater. A．that B．where C．which D．when 4．In the writing competition, Sandy writes ________ Millie. A．as careful as B．as more careful as C．as carefully as D．as more carefully as 5．Please wear glasses when doing the experiment, ________ your eyes may get hurt. A．since B．although C．because D．unless 6．This cafe is very famous ______ it serves cheap and delicious food. A．although B．and C．as D．so 7．Your sore throat won’t get better ________ you drink warm tea with honey. A．until B．unless C．if D．although 8．________ the task seemed hard, Jack and his team managed to complete it. A．Unless B．If C．As D．Although 9．Steve turns off his phone before reading ________ he can focus better on the story later. A．even if B．in order that C．now that D．as soon as 10．Peter is _______ clever _______ he can work out the problem in five minutes. A．too…to B．such…that C．as…as D．so…that 【高中状语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 考点清单 考点一、时间、地点、比较状语从句 ▇ 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 once一旦……就… as soon as一……就…… imediately/instantly一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… no sooner...than...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before before的意思是“在……之前”，常用来引导时间状语从句。 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 I shall have finished it by the time you come back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。 By the time I got there,the bus had already left.等我到那里时，公共汽车已开走了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 必背：“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语。 by then截至那时 by nine o’clock截至9点钟 by the end of last year截至去年年底 by last year截至去年 by the end of next year截至明年年底 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once you begin,you should go on.一旦开了头，你就应该继续下去。 注意：once引导状语从句时，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，有时可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。 Once (it is) printed,the book will be very popular.这本书一旦付印，肯定很受欢迎。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 Once having made a promise,you should keep it.一旦做出承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 They will post the tickets to me as soon as they receive my check. 他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 说明：这两个句子的主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。 I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 =The fans had no sooner seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home when/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception o`到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. ▇ 二、 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由where，wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。（前面没有相关标示地点的名词，如place） 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 比较：where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。 Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. =Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. （where引导定语从句，引导地点状语从句。） 温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。 有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面；而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。 Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。（where引导地点状语从句。） 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. ▇ 三、 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 as…as（和…… 一样）、not as/so…as（与…… 不一样）、than（比）、the more…, the more…（越…… 越……）引导，有原级、比较级、最高级不同表达形式，如原级用 as...as，not so/as...as；比较级用 more...than；最高级用 the most...in/of... 。 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 几种常见情况及示例 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不）对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样）表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 小试牛刀： 1．Friends, which ran for ten seasons from 1994 to 2004, has not become any less popular it went off the air. 2．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad. 3．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. 4． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. 5．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. 6．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. 7．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” 8．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. 9．By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done you anticipated. 10．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny they think they are? 考点二、原因、条件、方式状语从句 ▇一、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because（因为）, as（由于，因为）, since, now that, when（既然）, considering that（考虑到）, seeing that（由于，鉴于）, in that（因为）等。 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,considering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 ▇二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句引导词：if（注意主将从现）, unless=if not, providing/provided that=if, as (so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If we interfere with nature,we will have to deal with the consequences. 如果我们干预自然，我们将不得不应付后果。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 If you don’t visit him tomorrow,he will be angry.如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。 =Unless you visit him tomorrow,he’ll be angry.除非你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take some money with you in case you want to buy something. 带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 I’ll leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me. 我把我的电话号码留给你，万一你要和我联系呢。 You’d better be ready in case he comes.你最好有所准备，万一他来呢。 比较：“in case+从句”和“in case of+名词”都表示“以防，万一”。 They won’t be able to go to the park in case it rains. =In case of rain they can’t go to the park.万一下雨，他们就不能去公园了。 in that case意为“如果是那样的话”。 In that case,he would be punished.要是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。 （表示假设条件，he would be punished是虚拟语气。） Will Li Ming attend the party?In that case,I won’t attend it. 李明会参加聚会吗？若是那样的话，我就不参加了。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 He will surely finish the job on time as long as he’s left to do it in his own way.只要让他用自己的方式工作，他一定会按时完成这项工作的。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 补充：as long as还可以作“……之久”讲。 Keep it as long as you can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。 4.provided (that)和supposing (that)等 条件状语从句还可以由provided (that)，providing (that)，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，on condition (that)等引导。 We shall sign the contract provided (that) there is no opposition. 如果没有反对意见，我们就在合同上签字。 He won’t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。 Providing there is no objection,we shall make a decision.如果没人反对，我们就决定了。 Suppose we offer more favourable terms,they will choose to cooperate with us.假如我们提供更优惠的条件，他们会选择与我们合作。 Supposing it rains,shall we visit the museum?倘若下雨，我们还去参观博物馆吗？ I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 ▇三、方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as（正如；按照）, as if/as though（好像）, the way等引导。 1.as 和just as引导方式状语从句 这两个连词的意思是“如…，犹如…，正如…”（in the same manner that）。just as 比as的强调性更强。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases. 正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 2.as if 和as though引导方式状语从句 as if 和as though意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受了伤。 She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。 注意：在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。 3.the way引导方式状语从句 the way它的作用相当于the manner，后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语，而且经常省略。此时，一般不用in which引导。 We didn't like the way that he treated us. 我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。 小试牛刀： 1．The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space they do from the earth. 2．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. 3．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life you are. 4．I’d be grateful you could take care of my baby. 5． an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones. 6．You can write anything relevant long as it’s interesting. 7．A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage. 8． you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time. 9． you are addicted to computer games, it’s hard for you to focus your mind on your study. 10．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. 考点三、让步、结果、目的状语从句 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 小试牛刀： 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 1．We were about to have a picnic in the park a group of unexpected guests arrived. (用适当的词填空) 2．The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just the huge waves crashed into the coast. (用适当的词填空) 3． you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it. (用适当的词填空) 4．Go straight on you get to the traffic lights, and then you make a left turn. 5．Don't put the sharp knife little kids can get it. (用适当的词填空) 6． he goes, his pet dog follows him. 7． you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. (用适当的词填空) 8． it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo. (用适当的词填空) 9．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. (用适当的词填空) 10．I’ll find a way to improve on my own so I can make the team the next year. (用适当的词填空) 11．The police officers in our city work hard in order citizens can live a safe life.（用适当的词填空） 12．Before the policy came out, I had much homework that I had no time to go out with my friend. (用适当的词填空) 13．The engineers are so busy they have no time for outdoor activities, even if they have the interest. (用适当的词填空) 14．You will succeed in the end you give up halfway. (用适当的词填空) 15． we don’t protect the earth, we will have no clean water to drink. (用适当的词填空) 16． he was tired from the marathon, he still managed to finish with a personal best. （用适当的词填空） 17．We must stay hopeful and keep moving forward with courage, happens tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 18．Many companies are investing heavily in AI research there are still concerns about its potential misuse. (用适当的词填空) 19．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. (用适当的词填空) 20．The school was much smaller he had expected.（用适当的词填空） 一、完成句子 1． , I fell asleep. 我闭上眼睛就睡着了。 2． ,_the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为教育是终生的学习。 3．Jim answered the phone . 吉米一边走一边回电话。 4． , the manager came out. 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。 5． they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 6． (既然) everyone is here, let's begin the meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 7． (既然) we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 8． (尽管下大雨), the football match continued as scheduled. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 9．Sometimes we are we forget to find the beauty in life. 有时, 我们如此繁忙以至于忘记去发现生活中的美。 10．Tom对理科感兴趣，而他弟弟更喜欢艺术。(while) Tom is interested in science, . 二、阅读理解 There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 larder n. 食物贮藏室 jotted down v. 写下，记下 regretted v. 后悔，惋惜 pissed adj. 喝醉的（英式英语） rubber n. 橡皮（英式英语）；橡胶 长难句分析 原句：When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. 译文：当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“When she noticed he didn’t follow her” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“she quickly asked for an eraser” 为主句，“which, in England, is often called a rubber” 为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 an eraser，在从句中 “in England” 为插入语。 中文翻译 美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。 当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用 “larder” 这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。下一个词出现在我们计划午餐约会的时候。她在日记里记下了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。如果她给我打电话，她会说 “ring me up”。但如果线路忙，她会说 “the line was engaged”。 大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个 “pissed” 的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来 “pissed” 在英式英语中是 “喝醉” 的意思。 这里还有一个例子。我的英国朋友简最近在杂货店填一张票。她问那个年轻人有没有 “rubber”。当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 为了与英国人良好沟通，我们美国人应该学习一些英国人使用不同的单词。我认为把英语作为第二语言学习的人也应该意识到美式英语和英式英语之间存在差异。 20 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点13 状语从句（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中简单学习时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式状语从句 高中状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。在复合句中起状语的作用，用于修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中状语从句考点聚焦】 1．Mr. White has collected more than sixty Chinese paintings ________ he came to Shanghai five years ago. A．since B．when C．before D．until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：怀特先生自五年前来到上海以来，已经收藏了六十多幅中国画。 考查连词辨析。since自从；when当……时候；before在……之前；until直到……为止。根据“Mr. White has collected...he came to Shanghai five years ago”可知，主句是现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用since引导时间状语从句。故选A。 2．My mother was washing the dishes ________ I was playing the piano at that time. A．since B．while C．until D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我弹钢琴的那个时候我的母亲正在洗碗。 考查状语从句。since自从……；while当……时候；until直到……；unless除非。根据“was washing the dishes”和“was playing the piano”可知前后句子表示同时进行，用连词while连接时间状语从句，表达“当我弹钢琴的那个时候”。故选B。 3．After the war, a new school was put up ________ there had once been a theater. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：战争后一所新的学校在以前那里是个剧院的地方建立起来。 考查状语从句。that引导从句无意义；where哪里，引导地点状语从句；which哪一个；when何时。分析句子可知横线上的词在句中作地点状语。故选B。 4．In the writing competition, Sandy writes ________ Millie. A．as careful as B．as more careful as C．as carefully as D．as more carefully as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在写作竞赛中，Sandy和Millie写得一样仔细。 考查副词比较级。as+形容词或副词原级+as，是同级的比较，且副词carefully修饰动词write。故选C。 5．Please wear glasses when doing the experiment, ________ your eyes may get hurt. A．since B．although C．because D．unless 【答案】C 6．This cafe is very famous ______ it serves cheap and delicious food. A．although B．and C．as D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家咖啡馆因提供便宜且可口的食物而闻名。 考查连词的用法。A. although虽然，尽管；表示让步。B. and和，又，而；表示并列或递进。C. as由于，鉴于；表示原因。D. so因此，所以；表示结果。“提供便宜且可口的食物”是“这家咖啡馆闻名”的原因。故选C。 7．Your sore throat won’t get better ________ you drink warm tea with honey. A．until B．unless C．if D．although 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你的喉咙痛不会好转，除非你喝加蜂蜜的温茶。 考查连词辨析。until直到；unless除非；if如果；although虽然。根据题意可知，你的喉咙痛不会好转，除非你喝加蜂蜜的温茶，unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，强调必须满足喝蜂蜜茶的条件，否则喉咙不会好转，“unless除非” 符合题意。故选B。 8．________ the task seemed hard, Jack and his team managed to complete it. A．Unless B．If C．As D．Although 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管这项任务看似艰难，杰克和他的团队还是设法完成了。 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；If如果；As当……时；正如；Although尽管。根据“the task seemed hard, Jack and his team managed to complete it.”可知，此处表示“尽管难但完成了”，Although引导的让步状语从句，符合语境。故选D。 9．Steve turns off his phone before reading ________ he can focus better on the story later. A．even if B．in order that C．now that D．as soon as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：史蒂夫在阅读之前会关掉手机，以便稍后能更好地专注于故事。 考查连词辨析。even if即使；in order that为了；now that既然；as soon as一……就……。分析句子结构可知，阅读之前关掉手机的目的是为了更专注于故事，应用in order that引导目的状语从句。故选B。 10．Peter is _______ clever _______ he can work out the problem in five minutes. A．too…to B．such…that C．as…as D．so…that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Peter如此聪明以至于他能在五分钟内解决这个问题。 考查固定句式。A. too…to太……而不能；B. such…that如此……以至于；C. as…as和某人或某物一样……；D. so…that如此……以至于。根据题干可知第二空后是宾语从句，排除AC；第一空后是形容词，such本身是形容词用来修饰名词，排除B项；此处用“so+形容词+that从句”结构。故选D。 【高中状语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等。 考点清单 考点一、时间、地点、比较状语从句 ▇ 一、时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用的引导词 before在……之前 directly一……就…… by the time截至…… after在……之后 since自……以来 till/until直到…… when/while/as当……的时候 each time/every time每次 the moment立刻，马上 once一旦……就… as soon as一……就…… imediately/instantly一……就…… hardly...when...一……就…… no sooner...than...一……就…… whenever/no matter when无论何时 1.before before的意思是“在……之前”，常用来引导时间状语从句。 句型：It is/was (not)+时间+before+从句 It will (not) be+时间+before+从句 It was one year before he finished his work.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。 It was not long before he finished his work.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。 It will be three weeks before he finishes his work.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。 It won’t be long before he finishes his work.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。 2.by the time by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。 By the time you receive this letter,I will have left this city for my hometown. 你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。 I shall have finished it by the time you come back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。 By the time I got there,the bus had already left.等我到那里时，公共汽车已开走了。 She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。 说明：这两个句子从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 必背：“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语。 by then截至那时 by nine o’clock截至9点钟 by the end of last year截至去年年底 by last year截至去年 by the end of next year截至明年年底 3.once once作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。 Once you understand the rules of the game,you’ll enjoy it. 一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。 Once you begin,you should go on.一旦开了头，你就应该继续下去。 注意：once引导状语从句时，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，有时可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。 Once (it is) printed,the book will be very popular.这本书一旦付印，肯定很受欢迎。 Once (it is) found,any mistake must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。 Once having made a promise,you should keep it.一旦做出承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。 4.as soon as和no sooner...than等 as soon as，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when/before，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。no sooner...than，hardly...when/before，scarcely...when/before等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。 They will post the tickets to me as soon as they receive my check. 他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我。 He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。 说明：这两个句子的主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时。 I gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke.我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。 Immediately she had gone,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。 The fans cried as soon as they saw the movie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。 =The fans had no sooner seen the movie star than they cried. =The fans had hardly seen the movie star when they cried. =The fans had scarcely seen the movie star when they cried. =No sooner had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Hardly had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. =Scarcely had the fans seen the movie star when they cried. As soon as I got home,it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。 重要：“一……就……”还可以用the moment表示，这句话还可以转换为： The moment I got home,it began to rain. =I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. =I had hardly got home when/before it began to rain. =I had scarcely got home when/before it began to rain. =No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when/before it began to rain. =Scarcely had I got home when/before it began to rain. 补充：“on+名词/doing”结构也相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 Please report to reception o`到达后请立即到接待处报到。 On arriving home,he discovered they had gone.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。 5.whenever和no matter when等 whenever相当于no matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。 Whenever I visited him,he was not at home.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。 =No matter when I visited him,he was not at home. Whenever I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。 =No matter when I come up to Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each time I come up to Tianjin. Whenever I see this picture,I think of my hometown. 无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。 =No matter when I see this picture,I think of my hometown. =Each/Every time I see this picture,I think of my hometown. ▇ 二、 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由where，wherever（相当于no matter where）引导。（前面没有相关标示地点的名词，如place） 1.where where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。 You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 Where they went, they were warmly welcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 比较：where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。 Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. =Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. （where引导定语从句，引导地点状语从句。） 温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。 有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面；而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。 Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。（where引导地点状语从句。） 2.wherever wherever相当于no matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。 Wherever he goes,he always takes a notebook with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。 Wherever there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。 Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。 =No matter where he may be,he will be happy. ▇ 三、 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 as…as（和…… 一样）、not as/so…as（与…… 不一样）、than（比）、the more…, the more…（越…… 越……）引导，有原级、比较级、最高级不同表达形式，如原级用 as...as，not so/as...as；比较级用 more...than；最高级用 the most...in/of... 。 原级 比较级 最高级 as...as，not so/as...as more...than the most...in/of... 几种常见情况及示例 1.more...than和the more...of... 句型：more...than ……比……更…… the more...of...（两者之中）比较……的 This film is more moving than that one.这部电影比那部电影感人。 This film is the more moving of the two films.这部电影是这两部电影中比较感人的。 This film is the most moving of the three.这部电影是这3部电影中最感人的。 2.“no+比较级+than”和“not+比较级+than” 句型：no+形容词/副词比较级+than（与……一样不）对两者的否定，用于两者比较。 句型：not+形容词/副词比较级+than（不像/不如……一样）表示程度上的差异，是普通的比较级结构。 She is no more diligent than her sisters. =Neither she nor her sisters are diligent.她们姐妹几个都不勤奋。 She is not more diligent than her sisters. =She is not as diligent as her sisters.她不如她的几个姐妹勤奋。 3.表示倍数的常用句型 句型：A+基数词+times as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A是B的几倍 This room is three times as large as that one.这间屋子是那间屋子的3倍大。 This red box is half as large as the blue one.这个红色盒子是那个蓝色盒子的一半大。 句型：A+基数词+times+名词/代词+of+B A是B的几倍 The age of my grandpa is four times the age of mine. =The age of my grandpa is four times that of mine. =My grandpa is four times as old as I.我爷爷的年龄是我的4倍。 句型：A+基数词+times+比较级+than+B A比B大（小，长……）几倍 This hole is five times deeper than that one.这个洞比那个洞深5倍。 =This hole is six times as deep as that one. =This hole is six times the depth of that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 小试牛刀： 1．Friends, which ran for ten seasons from 1994 to 2004, has not become any less popular it went off the air. 【答案】after 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：《老友记》从1994年到2004年一共播出了十季，停播后人气丝毫未减。分析句子结构可知，本空引导时间状语从句，结合语境可知，用连词after“在……以后”引导。故填after。 2．Tim got emotional during his event in New York City Tuesday night recalling his recent conversation with dad. 【答案】when 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：周二晚上，Tim在纽约市的活动中回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时情绪激动。结合句意可知，此处指“当他在回忆起他最近与父亲的谈话时”，用when引导时间状语从句，当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，完整从句为when he was recalling his recent conversation with dad.故填when。 3．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 4． my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. 【答案】While/When/As 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：在我的兄弟姐妹和我在成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些关于我身份的基本东西，我是谁，我来自哪里。分析可知，设空处引导的时间状语从句，可以用While/When/As连接，故填While/When/As。 5．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. 【答案】As/When 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了。随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心，它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……/当……”，应用连词as/when引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As/When。 6．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. 【答案】where 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知，句子缺少built后面的地点状语，空处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。 7．Mr. Brown said firmly, “I knew I had to go the people were suffering.” 【答案】wherever/where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：布朗先生坚定地说：“我知道我必须去人们受苦的地方。”分析句子可知，空处引导地点状语从句，用where或wherever引导，故填where/wherever。 8．I have never seen as beautiful a place you have talked. 【答案】as 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我从未见过像你说的那样美丽的地方。表示“和……一样”为as...as...，引导比较状语从句。故填as。 9．By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done you anticipated. 【答案】than 【详解】考查连词。句意：一开始，你就有了动力，让你做得比预期的更多。根据句意可知，此处应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。 10．Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not so funny they think they are? 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：是外国人不懂英式幽默，还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣？根据“just not so funny”和“they think they are”可知此处要用连词，短语so...as...意为“与……一样”。故填as。 考点二、原因、条件、方式状语从句 ▇一、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because（因为）, as（由于，因为）, since, now that, when（既然）, considering that（考虑到）, seeing that（由于，鉴于）, in that（因为）等。 原因状语从句常用的引导词 because因为 since既然 now that既然 as由于 seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于 considering (that)考虑到，鉴于 1.because because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。 A:Why were you late for school this morning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？ B:Because I got up late.因为我起床晚了。 I want to do it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。 （正）He is disappointed because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。 （误）So he is disappointed because he failed again. 切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和so连用。 The museum won’t be open this week because it is under repairs. 博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。 2.since since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。 Since you’re not interested,I won’t tell you about.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 Since no one is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。 Since you can’t answer the question,I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。 3.as as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。 As it is snowing,you’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。 As you request it,I will come.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和） =I’ll come because you request it.（语气很强） As she had no car,she stayed at home.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和） =She stayed at home because she had no car.（语气很强） 比较：because，since，as和for的区别 都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，for。 because，since，as都是从属连词。而for是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，for引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。 because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；for不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。 I went to see him,for I had something to tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。 4.now what，seeing that和considering that now that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，considering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。 Now that they have taken matters into their hands,the pace of events has quickened. 他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。 Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。 Now that you are well,you can work.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。 Seeing that he’s been off sick all week,he is unlikely to come today. 由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。 She knows quite a lot about it,considering (that) she is very young. 鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。 ▇二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句引导词：if（注意主将从现）, unless=if not, providing/provided that=if, as (so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。 条件状语从句常用的引导词 in case万一 unless除非 as/so long as只要 if如果 provided (that)如果 providing (that)如果 suppose (that)如果 supposing (that)如果 on condition (that)如果 1.if和unless if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于if...not...，有时二者可以换用。 If you have any questions or comments,you can voice them now. 你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。 If we interfere with nature,we will have to deal with the consequences. 如果我们干预自然，我们将不得不应付后果。 If you don’t eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 =Unless you eat meat,this tour is not for you as the Inuit live on animals,birds and fish. 除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。 If you don’t visit him tomorrow,he will be angry.如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。 =Unless you visit him tomorrow,he’ll be angry.除非你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。 2.in case in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。 Take a coat in case the weather turns old.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。 Take some money with you in case you want to buy something. 带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。 Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。 I’ll leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me. 我把我的电话号码留给你，万一你要和我联系呢。 You’d better be ready in case he comes.你最好有所准备，万一他来呢。 比较：“in case+从句”和“in case of+名词”都表示“以防，万一”。 They won’t be able to go to the park in case it rains. =In case of rain they can’t go to the park.万一下雨，他们就不能去公园了。 in that case意为“如果是那样的话”。 In that case,he would be punished.要是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。 （表示假设条件，he would be punished是虚拟语气。） Will Li Ming attend the party?In that case,I won’t attend it. 李明会参加聚会吗？若是那样的话，我就不参加了。 3.as long as和so long as as long as和so long as的意思都是“只要”。 I’m sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。 He will surely finish the job on time as long as he’s left to do it in his own way.只要让他用自己的方式工作，他一定会按时完成这项工作的。 As/So long as we don’t lose heart,we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。 You can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive at the cinema on time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。 补充：as long as还可以作“……之久”讲。 Keep it as long as you can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。 4.provided (that)和supposing (that)等 条件状语从句还可以由provided (that)，providing (that)，suppose (that)，supposing (that)，on condition (that)等引导。 We shall sign the contract provided (that) there is no opposition. 如果没有反对意见，我们就在合同上签字。 He won’t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。 Providing there is no objection,we shall make a decision.如果没人反对，我们就决定了。 Suppose we offer more favourable terms,they will choose to cooperate with us.假如我们提供更优惠的条件，他们会选择与我们合作。 Supposing it rains,shall we visit the museum?倘若下雨，我们还去参观博物馆吗？ I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 ▇三、方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as（正如；按照）, as if/as though（好像）, the way等引导。 1.as 和just as引导方式状语从句 这两个连词的意思是“如…，犹如…，正如…”（in the same manner that）。just as 比as的强调性更强。 You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases. 正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样，空气是气体中最重要的一种。 2.as if 和as though引导方式状语从句 as if 和as though意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢，好像腿受了伤。 She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。 注意：在It looks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨。 3.the way引导方式状语从句 the way它的作用相当于the manner，后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语，而且经常省略。此时，一般不用in which引导。 We didn't like the way that he treated us. 我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。 小试牛刀： 1．The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space they do from the earth. 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：正因为没有空，所以星星在太空中不像地球上看它们时那样闪闪发亮。分析句子可知，空处为连词as，表示“像”，引导方式状语从句。故填as。 2．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：童年的每一件事都涌上我的心头，好像刚刚发生似的。童年的事情不可能是刚刚发生，因此句子是虚拟语气，空格处意为“好像，似乎”，是固定短语as if/as though。故填as，if/though。 3．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life you are. 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：他们在生活中面临着和你一样的挑战和问题。the same… as…意为“与……一样/同样”，as是连词引导的方式状语从句，意为“像，正如”，后接省略句you are。故填as。 4．I’d be grateful you could take care of my baby. 【答案】if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果你能照顾我的孩子，我会很感激的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示的是条件，意为“如果”符合句意。故填if。 5． an earthquake happens, the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones. 【答案】When/Once/If/After 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：当/如果/一旦/地震发生时（地震发生后），传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲，然后发送到普通人的智能手机上。由“the sensors can send electrical pulses to the control center and then ordinary people’s smartphones”可知，句子表示“当/如果/一旦/地震发生时（地震发生后），传感器可以向控制中心发送电脉冲，然后发送到普通人的智能手机上”，空格处意为“当/一旦/如果/在……之后”，需用when/once/if/after，when/after引导时间状语从句，once/if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When/Once/If/After。 6．You can write anything relevant long as it’s interesting. 【答案】as 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：你可以写任何相关的东西，只要有趣就行。根据“long as it’s interesting”以及空前为肯定句可推知，此处用固定短语as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。故填as。 7．A small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space for baggage. 【答案】unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：一辆小车对一个三口之家来说足够大了，除非你需要更大的空间放行李。根据句意可知，此处应用连词unless“除非，如果不”引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 8． you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time. 【答案】Unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，否则我们就在上次见面的地方见。由“you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the same place where we met last time”可知，句子表示“除非你打电话告诉我你不来了，否则我们就在上次见面的地方见”，空格处意为“除非”，用unless，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unless。 9． you are addicted to computer games, it’s hard for you to focus your mind on your study. 【答案】Once/If 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：一旦/如果你沉迷于电脑游戏，你就很难集中精力学习。根据句意，“沉迷于电脑游戏”是“难集中精力学习”的条件，用从属连词once或者if引导条件状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Once或If。 10．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多学生在考试中简单地丢了分，因为他们没有仔细阅读问题。分析句子结构和意思可知，两个句子之间是因果关系，第二句是原因，故用连词because。故填because。 考点三、让步、结果、目的状语从句 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 小试牛刀： 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们在哪里，我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知，此处指“无论我们在哪里”，使用no matter where引导让步状语从句，故填where。 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管未来怎样，简都决心过充实的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，从句中缺少宾语，根据句意表达“不管未来怎样”之意，用no matter what引导。故填what。 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】although/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我喜欢这种颜色，但我觉得我买不起。根据句意可知，空处应填连词although/though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填although/though。 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然目前我的英语很差，但我有信心能赶上来。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”且为倒装句，应用as或though。故填as/though。 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】however 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：我们学生应该总是设法抽出一些时间来锻炼，不管我们多么忙。根据句意可知，空格后的部分是让步状语从句，由空格后的形容词busy可知，表示“不管多么”应该用连接副词however引导从句。故填however。 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Though/Although/While 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。分析句子可知，逗号前后是让步转折关系，所以空格处应该用连词though/although/while引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although/While。 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管她努力尝试，但她还是很难避免作业中的错误。根据语境可知，空处需要连词as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。as引导让步状语从句时，从句可用部分倒装的结构，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前。本句话是把状语hard提到了as的前面。故填as。 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：长城是一个如此闻名的旅游景点，每年都有很多游客来参观。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是结果状语从句：so+adj.+名词+ that …，意为“如此……，以至于……”。故填so。 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】such 【详解】考查连词。句意：我对舞台设计产生了如此强烈的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用我余生的时间来做这件事。分析句子结构，本句使用了“such a +名词+that”结构，表示“如此……的……”，符合句意，故填such。 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：老师认为我们很聪明，学习它应该不会有困难。结合语意可知，此处表示我们如此聪明，结果是学习应该不会有困难，所以空处应用that引导结果状语从句，so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 1．We were about to have a picnic in the park a group of unexpected guests arrived. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们正打算在公园里野餐，这时一群不速之客到了。空处连接两个句子，应填连词，结合句意可知，句子使用了固定句型“be about to do...when...”，意为“正打算做某事，这时……”，when引导时间状语从句，表示“这时，突然”。故填when。 2．The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just the huge waves crashed into the coast. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】before 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：海滩上的人们迅速撤离，就在巨浪撞击海岸之前。根据句意判断，在海浪冲撞海岸前，人们就应该离开了，所以这里应该填入一个连词，意思是“在……之前”，故答案是before。 3． you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Once 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：一旦落入陷阱，就很难从中走出来。分析句子可知，此处为连词Once表示“一旦”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Once。 4．Go straight on you get to the traffic lights, and then you make a left turn. 【答案】until/till 【详解】考查连词。这里的意思是直走，直到到达红绿灯那儿，然后左转。所以这里填until或者till。故填until/till。 5．Don't put the sharp knife little kids can get it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】略 6． he goes, his pet dog follows him. 【答案】Wherever/Where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论他去哪，宠物狗都跟着他。分析句子可知，此处考查引导状语从句的连接词，在从句中作状语，结合语意可知，此处可用wherever来引导让步状语从句，亦可用where引导的地点状语从句。故填Wherever/Where。 7． you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Since 【详解】考查连词。句意：既然你回答不了这个问题，我就问别人吧。分析句意可知，此处用连词since来引导原因状语从句，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故答案为Since。 8． it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As/Since 【详解】考查连词。句意：因为在下雨，我们不去动物园了。空处应为连词，引导状语从句，位于主句前；由句意可知，两句之间为因果关系，故应用连词as/since表示“因为”；句首字母大写。故填As/Since。 9．Many students lost marks in the exam simply they didn’t read the questions carefully. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多学生在考试中简单地丢了分，因为他们没有仔细阅读问题。分析句子结构和意思可知，两个句子之间是因果关系，第二句是原因，故用连词because。故填because。 10．I’ll find a way to improve on my own so I can make the team the next year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我会想办法自我提高，这样我明年就能进入球队。分析句子结构并结合句意，我想办法自我提高是为了进入球队，表示目的，so that意为“这样，以便”，可引导目的状语从句。故填that。 11．The police officers in our city work hard in order citizens can live a safe life.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们城市的警察努力工作，以使市民能够过上安全的生活。in order that固定搭配，意为“为了”，后面引导目的状语从句，故填that。 12．Before the policy came out, I had much homework that I had no time to go out with my friend. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在这项政策出台之前，我有如此多的家庭作业以至于我没有时间和我的朋友出去。根据“much homework”以及“that I had no time to go out with my friend”可知，此处为“so...that...”，引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，该句使用的是“so + much + 不可数名词(homework) + that + 从句”的结构，所以此处应填so。故填so。 13．The engineers are so busy they have no time for outdoor activities, even if they have the interest. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：工程师们太忙了，即使他们有兴趣，也没有时间进行户外活动。so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，符合句子和句意。故填that。 14．You will succeed in the end you give up halfway. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】unless 【解析】略 15． we don’t protect the earth, we will have no clean water to drink. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】If 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不保护地球，我们将没有清洁水饮用。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if，首字母大写。故填If。 16． he was tired from the marathon, he still managed to finish with a personal best. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Although/Though/While 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他跑马拉松很累，但他仍然以个人最好成绩完成了比赛。结合语意可知，此处应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，符合题意，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。 17．We must stay hopeful and keep moving forward with courage, happens tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论明天发生什么，我们都必须充满希望，勇敢地继续前进。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，所以用whatever 引导，并在从句中作主语。故填whatever。 18．Many companies are investing heavily in AI research there are still concerns about its potential misuse. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 even if/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：许多公司在人工智能研究上投入了大量资金，即使仍然存在对其潜在滥用的担忧。结合前后文语境以及此处的两个空可知，此处应为even if或者even though引导的让步状语从句，意为“即使”符合逻辑。故填①even②if/though。 19．Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind they had just happened. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：童年的每一件事都涌上我的心头，好像刚刚发生似的。童年的事情不可能是刚刚发生，因此句子是虚拟语气，空格处意为“好像，似乎”，是固定短语as if/as though。故填as，if/though。 20．The school was much smaller he had expected.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】than 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：这所学校比他预期的要小的多。分析句子成分以及空格前smaller可知，空格处应填比较状语从句的引导词，所以应填than。故填than。 一、完成句子 1． , I fell asleep. 我闭上眼睛就睡着了。 【答案】The moment I closed my eyes 【详解】考查时间状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“我闭上眼睛的那一刻”，“一……就……”可用the moment，名词短语引导时间状语从句，从句主语“我”I，“闭上”close，由fell可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词close用过去式形式，宾语“我的眼睛”my eyes。句首字母大写，故填The moment I closed my eyes。 2． ,_the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. 说到教育，大部分人认为教育是终生的学习。 【答案】When it comes to education 【详解】考查固定句型。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“说到教育”。可用固定句型When it comes to…“说到……，当谈到……”，when引导时间状语从句，to为介词。“教育”用名词education。故填When it comes to education。 3．Jim answered the phone . 吉米一边走一边回电话。 【答案】as he went along 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态。此处表示两个动作同时进行，即“走路”和“回电话”，所以应用连词as“当……时”引导时间状语从句，从句中：表示“他”用he，作主语；表示“走”用go along，从句描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填as he went along。 4． , the manager came out. 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。 【答案】When we were wondering what to do 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态和特殊疑问词+to do。“正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候”是时间状语从句，可用从属连词when引导；从句主语“我们”用人称代词we，谓语“疑惑”用动词wonder，描述过去某个时刻正在发生的事情用过去进行时态were wondering，“该做什么”作宾语，可用“特殊疑问词+to do”复合结构what to do作宾语what to do。故填When we were wondering what to do。 5． they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。 【答案】Where 【详解】考查连词。根据句意可知，本句为where引导的地点状语从句，首字母大写。故填Where。 6． (既然) everyone is here, let's begin the meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填连词短语引导原因状语从句，结合句意“既然”和汉语提示可知，设空处需填now that，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Now that。 7． (既然) we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们都是地球村的一部分，每个人都成为邻居。“既然”是now that，引导原因状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Now，that。 8． (尽管下大雨), the football match continued as scheduled. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】In spite of the heavy rain/Despite the heavy rain/Though it rained heavily/Although it rained heavily 【详解】考查让步状语从句或固定短语。句意：尽管下着大雨，足球比赛还是如期进行了。表示“尽管”用in spite of/despite，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“大雨”用the heavy rain，作宾语。或者表示“尽管”用though/although，引导让步状语从句，从句中用it指代天气，作从句主语，表示“下大雨”用rain heavily，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填In spite of the heavy rain/Despite the heavy rain/Though it rained heavily/Although it rained heavily。 9．Sometimes we are we forget to find the beauty in life. 有时, 我们如此繁忙以至于忘记去发现生活中的美。 【答案】so busy that 【详解】考查状语从句。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“如此繁忙以至于”，结合句子结构可知，本句为“so+形容词+that”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，其中形容词“繁忙的”为busy。故填so busy that。 10．Tom对理科感兴趣，而他弟弟更喜欢艺术。(while) Tom is interested in science, . 【答案】while his younger brother prefers art 【详解】考查连词。分析句子，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“然而”用while，此处表示对比。表示“更喜欢”用prefer；表示“而他弟弟更喜欢艺术”用while his younger brother prefers art。故答案为while his younger brother prefers art。 二、阅读理解 There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异，并通过作者与来自伦敦的朋友莉莉以及英国朋友简的交流实例，具体呈现了这些差异在词汇使用上的体现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”,I didn’t know what it meant.Realising I didn’t follow her,she used another word.I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. (当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用“larder”这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。)”可知，莉莉使用“larder”这个词时是在找能存放食物的东西，所以应是cupboard(橱柜)。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. (她在日记里 了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。)”，“while”表示对比关系，“marked my calendar (在日历上做标记)”意思是记录日期和时间，由此可推测“jotted down”的意思与记录相关，所以应和wrote down同义，意为“写下”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. (上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。)”可知，莉莉后悔送儿子去看比赛是因为儿子们没有穿像羊毛套衫、夹克这类厚衣服，而清晨的天气可能较冷，没穿厚衣服容易受冻。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. (美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。)”，可知美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异；根据第三段“Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. (大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔没让她的孩子们穿上厚衣服去看一场清晨的网球赛。我原以为她是指没让他们带夹克之类的东西。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个愤怒的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来“pissed”在这里是“喝醉”的意思。)”可知，作者通过与莉莉、简的交流事例，详细说明了在词汇使用方面英式英语和美式英语的不同之处。故选D项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 larder n. 食物贮藏室 jotted down v. 写下，记下 regretted v. 后悔，惋惜 pissed adj. 喝醉的（英式英语） rubber n. 橡皮（英式英语）；橡胶 长难句分析 原句：When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. 译文：当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“When she noticed he didn’t follow her” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“she quickly asked for an eraser” 为主句，“which, in England, is often called a rubber” 为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 an eraser，在从句中 “in England” 为插入语。 中文翻译 美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。 当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用 “larder” 这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。下一个词出现在我们计划午餐约会的时候。她在日记里记下了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。如果她给我打电话，她会说 “ring me up”。但如果线路忙，她会说 “the line was engaged”。 大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个 “pissed” 的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来 “pissed” 在英式英语中是 “喝醉” 的意思。 这里还有一个例子。我的英国朋友简最近在杂货店填一张票。她问那个年轻人有没有 “rubber”。当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 为了与英国人良好沟通，我们美国人应该学习一些英国人使用不同的单词。我认为把英语作为第二语言学习的人也应该意识到美式英语和英式英语之间存在差异。 20 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$