【预习领跑】专题04 选必一Unit4 (知识全梳理&考点精准练)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

专题03 选必一Unit3 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：一、高频词变形速通； 二、语境为王-短语指南 三、 核心词通关攻略 练习题 讲典例：重点句型精讲精练 练考点 强知识：核心词考点加强练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、高频词变形速通 1.interaction  n.互动，交流；相互影响，相互作用 → interact v 交流；沟通；合作 → interactive adj. 合作的；相互影响的；互相配合的 2. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 →inappropriate adj. 不合适的；不恰当的 →appropriately adv. 恰当地 3. vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 →various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的（=varied） → variation n. 变化;变体;变奏→variety n. 种类；多样化 →a variety of/ varieties of（短语）各种各样 4. approve v. ①赞成 ②批准；通过 → approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可 → approving adj. 赞成的；赞许的 → disapprove v.不赞成；不同意 5.demonstrate vt. ①表达；说明；证明 ②示威，游行→ demonstration n. 示范；证明；示威，游行 → demonstrator n. 示威者；示范者；演示者 6.employ vt. ①使用; 应用②雇用 → employee n.雇员 →employer n.雇主 →employment n. 工作；受雇；就业→ unemployment n. 失业 7. identical adj. 相同的 → identity n. ①身份；②同一性；一致 → identify v. 确认；认出；识别 → identification n. 确认；认出；识别 8.interpret vt. ①把……理解（解释）为 ；② 口译 → interpreter n. 口译译员 →interpretation n. 解释；理解；演绎 9.differ v 相异；有区别；不同于 →difference n.差异；不同；变化（之处） → different adj 不同的；有区别的；有差异的 10.favour (Name favor) vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 ；n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 →favourable adj. 有利的；赞同的；讨人喜欢的 ；in favour of 支持；赞成 11. anger n. 愤怒；怒气 v. 使生气；激怒 →angry adj. 生气的 →angrily adv.生气地，愤怒地 12.reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的 → rely v.依赖；依靠 →unreliable adj.不可靠的；不能信赖的 13.slight adj. 轻微的；细小的；略微的 →slightly adv. 轻微；略微 14.nonverbal adj. 不使用语言的，非言语的；不能说话的 → verbal adj. 言语的；口头（而非书面）的 15.assess v.评估，评定（性质、质量）→ assessment n.看法；评估 16.internal n.内部的；里面的 → external adj. 外部的；外面的 17.reveal v.揭示；显示；透露 →revelation n.披露；揭露 18.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 →clarification n. 阐明；澄清 19.imply v含有…的意思；暗示；暗指 → implication n.可能的影响（或作用、结果) 20.educator n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家 → educate v. 教育→ education n. 教育 → educational adj. 教育的；有关教育的 → educated adj. 受过…教育的；上过…学校的 → well-educated adj. 受过良好教育的；有教养的 21.occupation n. ①占领；②职业；工作 →occupy v. 使用，占用（空间、面积、时间等） → occupied adj. 忙于……的；已被占用的 22.tendency n.倾向；偏好；性情 → tend v.①往往会；常常就 ②趋向；倾向③照料； 照管 23.distract v.转移（注意力）；分散（思想）；使分心 → distraction n.分散注意力的事；使人分心的事 → distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的 24.perceive v.察觉到; 将…理解为 → perception n.感知;洞察力；看法 25.anxiety n. ①焦虑；忧虑; ②渴望 → anxious adj.①令人焦虑的 ②非常希望 →anxiously adv.不安地，忧虑地 26.embarrassed adj. (感到)窘迫的，尴尬的 →embarrass v.使窘迫，使尴尬 →embarrassment n.窘迫，尴尬 → embarrassing adj. (令人)窘迫的，尴尬的 27.ashamed adj (感到)惭愧；羞愧；尴尬 →shame ①n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧②v. 使羞愧（或惭愧）→shameful adj (令人)可耻的；丢脸的 →shameless无耻的；没廉耻的 28.mere adj 仅仅的；只不过 →merely adv.仅仅；只不过 29.inquire= enquire v询问；打听 → inquiry= enquiry n. 调查；查究；查问 30.adjust v.①调整；调节②适应；习惯 → adjustment n.（行为、思想的）调整，适应 → adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的 31.react v. ①（对…）作出反应；回应; 过敏②起化学反应 → reaction n. ①反应；回应②化学反应 二、语境为王-短语指南 1. look into the future  展望未来 2. pros and cons  正反两方面；赞成者和反对者 3. in one’s opinion  在…看来 4. be meant to do sth  意在做某事, 应该做某事 5. give tips on (doing) sth  给出关于…的建议 6. intended audience  目标读者 7. forget to do sth.  忘记去做某事 8. switch off  （用开关）关掉；切断（电源） 9. all the time  始终，一直 10. lead to  导致；通向 11. in the not-too-distant future  在不太遥远的将来 12. keep us secure  让我们安全 13. save us energy 节省能源 14. remote controls  遥控（器） 15. air conditioners  空调；冷气机 16. advanced technology  先进技术 17. automatic control  [自] 自动控制 18. integrated sensors  集成传感器 19. energy-efficient mode  节能模式 20. all by oneself  靠自己；独立，单独 21. no longer  不再 22. on and off  断断续续地，不时地 23. daily routine and preferences  日常习惯和喜好 24. be ready for  为…做准备 25. come on  开始赶快 26. the instant that  一…就 27. along with  连同…一起；与…一道；除了… 28. prepare for  为…准备，使有准备 29. respond to  响应, 回答 30. regular Health Checks  定期健康检查 31. in addition  另外，此外 32. give some suggestions on  就…给一些建议 33. keep track of  记录；与…保持联系 34. as well  也；同样地 35. early on  在初期，早先 36. prevent...from...  使…不，防止…做 37. provide sb. with sth.  给某人提供某物 38. fix the problem  解决问题 39. catch fire  着火 40. in this sense  从这个意义上来说 41. in a sense  在某种意义上 42. build up  增进，加强 43. big data  大数据 44. come true  实现，成真；成为现实 45. take care to do sth  注意；小心做某事 46. combine…together  把…结合在一起 47. benefit from  得益于；因…而得到好处 48. can’t help but do sth  忍不住要做某事 49. it is a good habit to do sth  做某事是一个好习惯 50. make certain  弄清楚；弄确实 51. send out  发送；派遣；放出 52. leak oil  漏油 53. set off  出发；引起；动身；使爆炸 54. hang out  挂出；闲逛 55. go sightseeing  去观光 56. it takes time to do sth.  花时间做某事。 57. apologise for 为…道歉 58. on the one hand  一方面 59. on the other hand  另一方面 60. in the absence of  缺乏，无…时 61. in the distant future  在遥远的未来 62. It could even be argued that  甚至可以说 63. rather than  而不是；宁可…也不愿 64. keep in touch (with)  (与…)保持联络 65. even if  即使；虽然 66. on opposite sides of 在…的对面 67. allow sb to do sth  允许某人做某事 68. benefit quite a lot from  获益颇多 69. technological advances  技术进步 70. look on (…as)  看待 71. in the absence of relevant evidence  在没有相关证据的情况下 72. make accurate predictions about  对…作出准确的预测 73. I couldn’t agree more  我完全同意 74. place/lay more emphasis on  强调；把重点放在 75. write an essay on  写一篇关于…的文章 76. How do you find (doing) sth?  你觉得（做）某事怎么样 77. allow sb. to do sth  允许某人做某事 78. get a high-paying job  找一份高薪的工作 79. have the luxury of doing sth 有幸/难得能享受…的机会 80. cut down   削减；砍倒 81. in place of  代替 82. be made from  由…制成 83. put your mind at rest  放心 84. all in all  总而言之 三、核心词通关攻略 1.vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变 考频：★★★ Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. (教材P38) 就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。 【例句】 The temperature varies from time to time. 温度常常变化。 The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century. 剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。 The number of the added flights varies from year to year according to the demand shown by flight ticket booking systems. 根据机票预订系统显示的需求，新增航班的数量每年都在变化。 【拓展】 (1) vary in sth. 在某方面不同 vary with... 随着……的变化而变化 vary from... to... 由……到……不等 (2) variety n. 变化；多样化；种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3) various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 2. appropriate adj.合适的；恰当地 考频：★★☆ The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(教材P38) 关键是使用身体语言的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。 【例句】 ①His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合那个场合。 ②Her clothes are not appropriate for this formal party. 她的衣服不适合这个正式的聚会。 ③It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now. 现在我不宜讨论此事。 【拓展】 (1) be appropriate to/for 适合…… (2) It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事合适 (3) inappropriate adj.不恰当的 appropriately adv.适当地 3. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 考频：★★★ In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. (教材P38) 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【例句】 The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了该建筑计划。 Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。 【拓展】 (1) approve of 赞成；同意 approve of sb./sb.’s doing sth. 同意某人做某事 (2) approval n. 认可，赞成，同意 give one’s approval to 批准某人…… (3) approving adj. 赞成的；赞许的 (4) disapprove vi.不赞成，反对 disapproval n．[U]不赞成 4. witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人 考频：★★★ In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (教材P38) 在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是有钱的意思。 【例句】 She was shocked by the scenes she had witnessed. 她被亲眼看到的场面震惊了。 The 21st century witnesses the rapid development of information technology. 21世纪见证着信息技术的飞速发展。 Police have appealed to witnesses to come forward and tell them the truth. 警察呼吁目击者出来告诉他们真相。 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 【拓展】 (1) witness sth.　　 目击了某事 witness to (doing) sth. 证实，证明(做)某事 witness for 为……作证 （2）be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人 bear/give witness to 做……的证人；为……作证 5. differ vi.不同于；相异 考频：★★★ Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. (教材P38) 甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。 【例句】 Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation. 日语发音和法语大不相同。 Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for. 雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。 【拓展】 differ from... 与……不同/有区别 differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同(看法) different adj. 不同的 be different from... 与……不同 difference n. 不同，差别 make a difference (to...) (对……)有作用或影响 6. favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同 考频：★★★ Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. (教材P38) 在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 【例句】 A mother shouldn’t show too much favour to one of her children. 母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。 I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates. 我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。 【拓展】 (1) do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人的忙 ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙 in favour of 赞成，支持 in one’s favour 对某人有利 （2）favo(u)rable adj. 赞同的，有利的 （3）“in＋名词＋of”的其他短语有： in need of需要 in celebration of为了庆祝…… in praise of称赞 in honour of向……表示敬意 in case of万一 in memory of为了纪念…… 7. break down 消除；分解；打破 考频：★★☆ A smile can break down barriers. (教材P39) 微笑可以打破障碍。 【例句】 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage. 我们的车坏了， 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。 By then the gate was being broken down. 那时候大门快要被砸开了。 【拓展】 break away from逃脱；挣脱 break in强行进入；打断谈话 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break off折断；停顿；中断 break out爆发；突然发生 break through突破；冲破；克服 break up解散；(学校)放假；结束；粉碎 8. reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 考频：★★★ Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings，their body language or the words they speak? (教材P39) 哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？ 【例句】 It has a highly reliable control system. 它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。 He’s a good musician and totally reliable. 他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。 【拓展】 (1) reliable person 可靠的人(可以信任) reliable data/information 可靠的数据/信息(信息准确) (2) rely v. 依赖；依靠 rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it＋that从句 指望/相信…… (2) reliability n．可靠(性)；可信(性) reliably adv.可靠地；可信地 9. assessment n.评价；评定 考频：★★☆ We make assessments and inferences from body language. (教材P40) 我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。 【例句】 What is your assessment of the situation? 你对时局的看法如何？ There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment. 几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。 【拓展】 assess vt.　　 评估；评定 assess sth.at 评估某物(多少钱) be assessed as... 被评定为…… assess＋从句 评定；估定 10. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 考频：★★★ In other words… 换句话说……(教材P43) 【例句】 In other words, she must give up singing. 换言之， 她必须放弃唱歌。 In other words, the ice begins to melt.　换句话说， 冰开始融化了。 【拓展】 (1) in a/one word　　　 总而言之 have a word with sb. 与某人说(私)话 have words with sb. 与某人吵架 keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/失信 beyond words 无法用言语表达 in words 用语言 word came that... 有消息说…… 【名师提醒】与in other words意思相同的表达有： namely, that is, that is to say, in another word。 word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。 11. tendency n.[C]倾向，偏好，性情；趋势，趋向 考频：★★★ People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(教材P44) 人们有选择自己感兴趣的东西的倾向。 【例句】 I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous. 我紧张时总爱唠叨。 There is a tendency for this pattern of woolen dress to become popular. 这个款式的羊毛裙有流行的趋势。 It is uncertain whether a child's tendency towards fatness is inherited or due to the food he eats. 还不确定儿童的发胖倾向是遗传的还是由他所吃的食物造成的 【拓展】 (1) a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do... (某人/某物)做……的倾向/趋势 a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/趋势 (2) tend vt.往往会；vi.趋向；vi. & vt.照管，护理 tend to do sth. 往往会做某事 tend to/towards...有……的趋势，倾向于…… tend to sb./sth. 照料/护理/照管某人/某物 Some parents tend to do everything for their children. 一些父母往往会为孩子做一切事情。 Several nurses carefully tended (to) the sick man. 几位护士悉心地照料这位病人。 12. occupy vt.占据；占用 考频：★★★ With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. (教材P44) 双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。 【例句】 Mr. White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education. 怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。 He occupied himself in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。 【拓展】 (1) be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于做某事 occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于某事；专心于某事 keep sb. occupied 使某人忙碌 (2) occupation n. 占用；职业 13. distinguish vi.& vt.区分；区别；辨别 考频：★★☆ While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. (教材P44) 尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 【例句】 We can distinguish between gold and silver. 我们能区分金和银。 He distinguished himself in physics. 他在物理方面享有盛名。 【拓展】 (1) distinguish between...and... 区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from... 使……有别于……的特征；区别/辨别……和…… distinguish oneself by... 通过……显示自己或使自己扬名 distinguish oneself for... 因……而出名 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 (2) distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 14. embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的& ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 考频：★★★ They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. (教材P44) 他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。 (1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的 【例句】 A parrot can sometimes make you embarrassed． 鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。 He became embarrassed when a journalist asked him pointed questions about his finances. 一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。 【拓展】 (1) be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at sth. 对某事感到难为情/不知所措 embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安 embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 embarrassment n.难堪，困窘 (2)ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 考频：★★★ 【例句】 Her husband felt ashamed at her behaviour. 她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。 He felt very much ashamed whenever he encountered any of his old mates. 每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。 【拓展】 (1) be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做…… be ashamed that... 对……感到内疚 (2) shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事 It’s a shame that... ……真让人遗憾 What a shame/pity! 真可惜！ (5) shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的 shameless adj. 无耻的，没廉耻的 15. call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 考频：★★☆ Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. (教材P44) 有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。 【例句】 I like that you should call on me frequently. 我喜欢你经常来拜访我。 He called on his friends to help him. 他向他的朋友求助。 【拓展】 (1) 短暂访问(某人)，相当于drop in on, visit, pay a visit to等，后接sb.。 (2) 要求，请求；恭请(＝call upon) call on/upon sb. to do sth.要求/请求某人做某事 (3) call构成的其他短语： call for 去接(某人)；需要；(公开)要求 call in 叫来，召来；下令收回 call off 取消 call at 停靠，(短时间)停留 call back 回电话 16. bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便 考频：★★☆ However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. (教材P44) 但是，如果一个学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。 【例句】 Thank you, but please don’t bother． 谢谢， 但请你不要费事了。 What a bother! We've missed the bus. 真恼人！我们错过了公交车。 【拓展】 (1) (not) bother with/about... (不)为……而费心 (not) bother doing/to do sth. (不)费心做某事 bother sb. with/about sth. 让某人为某事烦恼 it bothers sb. that... ……使某人烦恼 it bothers sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人烦恼 (2)【注意】 易混辨析：bother, interrupt与disturb的用法区别 易混词 含义及用法 bother 指在别人做某事不想被打扰时与某人说话或打断对方，意为“打扰；烦扰” interrupt 指打断别人的交谈等，使不能继续进行下去，意为“打断；使中断” disturb 指打扰别人工作或休息，也指扰乱正常的秩序，意为“干扰；打扰” The game was interrupted several times by rain. 比赛因为下雨中断了几次。 If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else. 如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰到别人。 17. conflict n.矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触 考频：★★☆ It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. (教材P44) 可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。 【例句】 It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict． 这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。 Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws? 英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？ 【拓展】 (1) in conflict with　　 与……冲突/与……矛盾 come into conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾 (2) conflict with 与……矛盾/冲突 18. adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 考频：★★★ Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually... (教材P44) 他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈…… 【例句】 Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。 You will quickly adjust yourself to student life. 你将很快适应学生生活。 【拓展】 (1) adjust sth.to sth.　 调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to... 使自己适应…… (2) adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的 (3) adjustment n. 调整；调节 make adjustments to 对……做出调整 1.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 1) 单句语法填空 ①How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a _________________________(good) voice. ②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was _____________(happy) than I was. 2)句型转换 ③She is the most hard­working student in her class. →______________________________________________ in her class.(否定词＋比较级) 【答案】 ① better ② happier ③No one is more hard­working than her 【名师提醒】 And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.　而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构： 1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、 not、 never、 nothing、 nobody、 hardly等； 2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。 Thank you very much.You couldn't have chosen a better gift than it. 非常感谢，没有比这更好的礼物了。 2. 部分否定 1）补全句子 ①_________________________________________(不是所有的成员都会同意) your plan. ②He told me all pieces of the news, but___________________________interesting(没有一个是有趣的)． 一句多译 最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在空闲时间进行体育锻炼。 ③A recent survey shows that _______________________________________________in their spare time. ④A recent survey shows that ______________________________________________________. 【答案】 ①Not every member will be in favour of ②none of them was ③not all the students in our school take physical exercise ④all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time 【名师提醒】 Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 当然，不是每个抬头看的学生都在专心听讲。 “not everyone.../everyone...not”等表示部分否定，意为“并非每个人都……”。 1)all、 both、 each、 every、 everyone、 everybody、 everything、 always、 whole、 entirely等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定； 2)当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no、 none、 nobody、 nothing、 no one、 neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。 As far as I know, not both of them smoke. ＝As far as I know, both of them don't smoke. 据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。 3.have sth. done意为“让某事被做” 1）单句语法填空 ① It was cold, and she had the fire ___________________(burn) day and night. ②I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anything ____________(take) to your son? ③We students have various activities ____________(take) part in after class. 2）完成句子 ④我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会，因为我有一件重要的事要处理。 I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I ___________________________． 【答案】 ①burning ② to be taken ③to take ④have an important thing to deal with 【名师提醒】 Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. 愤怒、害怕或者焦虑的学生可能会交叉他们的双臂抱在胸前，他们的双腿并拢或交叉，就像在保护自己的身体一样。 have sth. done　 　 让别人做某事 have sb.do sth. 让某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)； 使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) have sth.to do 有某事要做(主语自己做) have sth.to be done 有某事要做(不是主语自己做) have sth. doing sth. 使某物保持某状态 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一本新护照，所以我得去照张相。 考点1：vary的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The students’ work varies considerably__________ quality. ②Prices vary __________the type of the room you require. ③Opinions on this matter vary greatly from person __________ person. ④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。 _______________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. ＝_______________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. ＝________________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. 【答案】in; with; to; For various reasons, For a variety of reasons, For varieties of reasons 考点2：appropriate 的用法[考向] 固定搭配 完成句子 ①现在发表演讲是不是时候？ Is now an ____________________________？ ②这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。 The book was written in a style ________________ the age of the children. 【答案】appropriate time to make a speech; appropriate to 考点3： approve的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She doesn’t approve __________our decision. ②I approve of your _________(try)to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. ③Hope the arrangements meet with your __________(approve). ④我非常赞成这些新的测试。I very much________________________________． ⑤I don’t need ___________all the time. If someone does not_______________ me, I will still be okay. 我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。 【答案】of；trying; approval; approve of these new tests; approval, approve of 考点4：witness 的用法 [考向] 固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He made a very poor witness _________ himself. ②His good health is a witness ________ the success of the treatment. ③司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。 The driver ___________________________ the man enter the building. ④这些事实证明了他的粗心。 These facts are____________________________． ⑤The ___________who ___________the incident ___________________the police and promised to be a_____________． 这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。 【答案】for; to; witnessed to having seen; a witness to his carelessness; witness, witnessed, gave witness to; witness 考点5：differ 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Worried about my health, I tried many ____________(differ)kinds of diets but nothing worked. ②There’re many____________ (differ)between British English and American English. ③在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。 In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. But it is how you react that______________________． ④很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。 Apparently, the twins________________________________． ⑤这些模型的大小和形状都不一样。 The models_______________ size and shape. ⑥Learners with ____________cultural backgrounds ________________their thinking patterns and learning styles. The ______________ can be investigated and explained. 不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。 【答案】different; differences; makes a big difference; differ from each other in character; differ in; different, differ a lot in, difference 考点6： favour 的用法[考向] 固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Most of them were in favour _________ my opinion while David was against it. ②The exchange rate is _________ our favour for the time being. ③ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？ Could you _______________and pick up Sam from school today? ＝Could you ___________________and pick up Sam from school today? ④ 我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？ I want to __________________; will you lend me your cell phone? ＝I want to___________________；will you lend me your cell phone? 【答案】of; in; do me a favour, do a favour for me; ask a favour of you, ask you for a favour 考点6：adjust的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We must make some ____________ (adjust)to our original plan because of emergencies. ②It took her a while to adjust to __________(live)alone. ③我们必须使我们自己尽快适应新生活。 We must ___________________the new life as soon as possible. ④她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。 She ______________________ the height of her son. ⑤School __________ is a process that students try to ___________ the school life actively, finish study successfully, develop their personality well, and carry out the purpose of education. 学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。 【答案】adjustments; living; adjust ourselves to; adjusted the seat to; adjustment, adjust to 考点8：assess的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After the flood, they assessed the loss ___________10 million yuan. ②Many of the adults ______________(assess)as having learning difficulties. ③The government will make a strict ______________(assess)of the food safety. ④这是对失败原因的分析评估。 This was __________________________for the failure. ⑤We have also found that a team doing its own self______________, rather than ______________by those outside the team, is highly effective. 我们还发现进行自我评估的，而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效的。 【答案】at; were assessed; assessment; an assessment of the reasons; assessment, being assessed 考点9：in other words的用法 [考向] 固定搭配 完成句子 ①总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。 __________________, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success. ②有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。 __________________ the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup. ③我无法用言语来表达我的情感。 I can’t convey my feelings______________． ④换句话说， 他成了一位伟大的英雄。 He became, __________________, a great hero. ⑤他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。 He is such a man that he can’t always _____________, ________________, he always _______________, because of which his friends often ___________________ him. 【答案】In a/one word; Word came that; in words; in other words; keep his word, in other words, breaks his word, have words with 考点10： tendency的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空 ①There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. ②Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency ________ (make) poor choices. ③It is a fact that there is a tendency ________ regional cooperation. 【答案】tendency; to make; to/towards 考点11： occupy的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①____________ (occupy) with his homework, he can’t go out to play football. ②She needs things to keep her ___________(occupy)so she doesn't get into trouble. ③我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。 When I came in, the boy _______________________his homework.＝When I came in, the boy ____________________his homework. ④当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于这项研究已经有好几天了。 When the enemy___________ the city, the scientist _________________in doing his research. In fact, he ______________ with the research for many days. 【答案】Occupied; occupied; was occupied (in) doing, was occupied with; occupied, was occupying himself, had been occupied 考点12：distinguish的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My brother is a most _____________(distinguish)man—a great actor. ②她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。 She _____________________her ability to make her ideas clear. ③这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。 The man _____________________a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. ④真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。 True adults are able to ___________________________________________ what they want to do. ⑤这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。 The adult bird can _____________________ by its orange beak. 【答案】distinguished; was distinguished for; distinguished himself for; distinguish between what they have to do and; be easily distinguished 考点13：embarrass的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Much to his ____________ (embarrass), the captain made a duck in each innings. ②He was embarrassed ______________(admit)making a mistake. ③His speech was followed by an ______________(embarrass)silence. ④我为自己的错误感到不好意思。 I _______________________my mistake. 【答案】embarrassment; to admit; embarrassing; felt so embarrassed about 考点14： ashamed的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was ashamed ___________(ask)such a simple question. ②You should be ashamed __________ having told a lie to her. ③真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。_________________! She should fail this round. ④他羞愧地用手把脸蒙住。 He ______________________ he hid his face in his hands. ⑤不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞耻的是你从不开口说。 Don’t _________________speaking poor English. Don’t _________________ being laughed at. Don’t ________________ being stared at. The only real __________is that you never open your mouth. 【答案】to ask; of; What a shame; was so ashamed that; be ashamed of, be ashamed of, be ashamed of, shame 考点15：conflict 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Your statement is ________ conflict with the rest of the evidence. ②She had often come into conflict ________ her husband. ③他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。 He is so cautious that he tries not to _______________his wife.＝He is so cautious that he tries not to __________________ his wife.＝ He is so cautious that he tries not to ______________________ his wife. 【答案】in; with; conflict with, come into conflict with, be in conflict with 知识导图记忆 I.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) (每小题2分，共16分) 1. Her questions about my private life me.(embarrass) 2．The of the company is in training his .(employ) 3． of after­class activities will be held， from the English corner to the Literature club.(vary) 4． students from each other in many aspects.(differ) 5．I am with my ，which most of my time every day.(occupy) 6．I feel of my action，which is a to me.(shame) 7．The farmer can easily weeds from wanted plants.(distinguish) 8．My brother suffering from is becoming more and more .(anxiety) II..单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) (每小题2分，共20分) 1．I saw three superb camp beds，two of which were (占据)． 2．Teachers in this high school a of the program because it’s good for kids’ growth. 3．Every (交流) between keepers and their animals creates some sort of connections. 4．Workers (反应) angrily to the latest news of more job losses at the factory. 5．Why are you staring at me? Are you (暗示) that I didn’t adopt a good method? 6．She found herself in with her parents over her future career in fashion design. 7．I thought that this was just a story，but then I it with my own eyes many times. 8．Ocean colors from green to blue，depending on the type and quantity of phytoplankton(浮游植物)． 9．Could you do me a and pick up Sam from school today? 10．You can trust him because his information comes from a source. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分) 11．她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。这个笑容融化了我内心的坚冰。(排比句)(读后续写之喜乐心理描写) . 12．没有什么比参加5km越野比赛更有意义的了，它对我们身心都有益处。(否定词＋比较级) the five­kilometer cross­country running race，which benefits us physically and mentally. 13．并非每个学生都真正理解尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。(部分否定) . 14．既绝望又无助，简跪了下去，悔恨的泪水从她的脸颊上流了下来。(with复合结构)(读后续写之孤独郁闷心理描写) Desperate and helpless，Jane knelt down， . I.1.embarrassing ，embarrassed 2.employer ，employed ，employees 3.Varieties ，varying 4.Different ，differ 5.occupied ，occupation，occupies 6.ashamed ，shameful ，shame 7.distinguished ，distinguish 8.anxiety ，anxious II.1.occupied 2.approve 3.interaction 4.reacted 5.implying 6.conflict 7.witnessed 8.vary 9.favo(u)r 10.reliable Ⅲ 11. The smile on her face shone like a diamond.The smile melted the ice in my heart 12. Nothing is more rewarding than taking part in 13. Not every student is/Every student is not really aware of the importance of respecting and spreading Chinese traditional culture. 14. with tears of regret rolling down her cheeks IV. 语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 10th Nishan Forum (论坛) on World Civilizations is set to kick off 1 Wednesday in Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province 2 (know) as the birthplace of Confucius. The two-day forum — themed “Traditional Culture and Modern Civilization” — will cover 3 (topic) such as civilizational exchanges and mutual learning amid global challenges, Chinese-style and Western modernization, civilization inheritance, 4 (innovate) in the process of modernization and the effects of artificial intelligence and humanity. Nishan, located 30 kilometers southeast of the county-level city of Qufu in Jining, 5 is a must-visit tourist destination, combines the charm of China’s traditional culture with the world cultural heritage sites of the Temple of Confucius, the Mansion of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius. Since its inception (开办) in 2010,the Nishan forum 6 (hold) nine times. The event features dialogue between different civilizations around 7 world. It has become an 8 (increasing) important platform for strengthening the preservation and development of Chinese traditional culture, advocating common human values and 9 (promote) international cultural exchanges and cooperation. This year’s forum will host nearly 400 international guests from 63 countries — the largest number of countries 10 guests. 【答案】 1．on 2．known 3．topics 4．innovation/innovations 5．which 6．has been held 7．the 8．increasingly 9．promoting 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了将于山东曲阜尼山举行的第十届尼山世界文明论坛。 1．考查介词。句意：第十届尼山世界文明论坛将于星期三在山东省曲阜市尼山开幕，尼山是孔子的诞生地。根据空后的 Wednesday可知，表示在具体某一天，应用介词on。故填on。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：第十届尼山世界文明论坛将于星期三在山东省曲阜市尼山开幕，尼山是孔子的诞生地。此处填非谓语动词作后置定语；动词 know与其逻辑主语 Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用所给动词的过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 3． 考查名词复数。句意： 为期两天的论坛以“传统文化与现代文明”为主题，将涵盖诸如在全球挑战中的文明交流与互鉴、中国式与西方、文明传承、现代化进程中的创新以及人工智能与人类的影响等话题。根据句意及 topic为可数名词可知，此处用所给名词的复数形式，表示主题不止一个。故填topics。 4．考查名词。句意： 为期两天的论坛以“传统文化与现代文明”为主题，将涵盖诸如在全球挑战中的文明交流与互鉴、中国式与西方、文明传承、现代化进程中的创新以及人工智能与人类的影响等话题。此处用所给动词的名词形式innovation作介词 as的宾语，表示“创新”为抽象名词，不可数，此处也可以表示“新事物”，为可数名词，所以用复数泛指。故填innovation(s)。 5．考查定语从句。句意：尼山，位于济宁市曲阜市东南30公里处，是一个必游的旅游胜地，它将中国传统文化的魅力与文化遗产的孔庙、孔府和孔林相结合。此处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词为 Nishan，指物，故填which。 6．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自2010年创办以来，尼山论坛已经举办了九次。根据空前的时间状语“Since its inception (开办) in 2010”可知，此处用现在完成时；因为 hold与其主语 the Nishan forum为被动关系，故此处用现在完成时的被动语态；又因为主语是单数，故填has been held。 7．考查冠词。句意：活动以世界各地不同文明之间的对话为特色。“around the world”意为“世界各地”，为固定短语。故填the。 8．考查副词。句意：它已成为加强中国传统文化保护和发展、倡导人类共同价值观、促进国际文化交流与合作的一个越来越重要的平台。此处用所给形容词的副词形式修饰空后的形容词 important。故填increasingly。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它已成为加强中国传统文化保护和发展、倡导人类共同价值观、促进国际文化交流与合作的一个越来越重要的平台。此处用所给动词的动名词作介词 for 的宾语，与前面的动名词strengthening 和 advocating 并列。故填promoting。 10．考查连词。句意：今年的论坛将接待来自63个国家的近400名国际嘉宾——这是有史以来最多的国家和嘉宾。空前的 countries和空后的 guests为并列关系，故填并列连词 and。故填and。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Within the wildly varied types of Peruvian food, there’s one deserving some special attention — Peruvian Chinese food, locally 51 (call) chifa. The roots of the chifa tradition lie in the first big wave of Chinese migration (移民) to Peru. It 52 (occur) in the mid-nineteenth century. Since then, more Chinese have come to Peru. And this, in turn, creates interesting 53 (opportunity) for Chinese citizens considering opening a business in Peru. The Chinese influence in Peru not only has given rise to 54 kind of fusion (融合) cuisine, but it’s also responsible for contributing some absolutely essential ingredients (烹饪原料) 55 Peruvian cooking. Just as traditional Chinese ingredients took root in wider Peruvian cuisine, certain words of Chinese origin became commonly-used in Peru. Of course, there’s the word chifa, 56 describes Chinese-Peruvian fusion food as well as the restaurants that sell it. 57 chifa is already a fusion of two cuisines, it’s also subject to further regional variations. Recipes can easily 58 (adjust) to include ingredients only available or popular in a specific region. Another fun fact: the 59 (huge) popular late-night TV programme “Wantan Night” was actually named after the wontons used in chifa, 60 (demonstrate) just how deeply rooted Chinese cuisine is in Peru. 【答案】 51．called 52．occurred 53．opportunities 54．a 55．to 56．which 57．Though/Although/While 58．be adjusted 59．hugely 60．demonstrating 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是秘鲁的中餐文化（Peruvian Chinese food），也被称为“chifa”。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：在种类繁多的秘鲁食物中，有一种值得特别关注——秘鲁中餐，当地人称之为chifa。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Peruvian Chinese food和call之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词形式。故填called。 52．考查动词时态。句意：它发生在19世纪中期。由时间状语“in the mid-nineteenth century”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式occurred。故填occurred。 53．考查名词的复数。句意：这反过来又为考虑在秘鲁开展业务的中国公民创造了有趣的机会。opportunity是可数名词，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数形式表示泛指意义。故填opportunities。 54．考查冠词。句意：中国对秘鲁的影响不仅产生了一种融合的烹饪方式，而且还为秘鲁烹饪提供了一些绝对必要的食材。kind是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，kind是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a。故填a。 55．考查介词。句意：中国对秘鲁的影响不仅产生了一种融合的烹饪方式，而且还为秘鲁烹饪提供了一些绝对必要的食材。contribute...to...是固定短语，意为“把……捐献给……”，因此空格处用介词to。故填to。 56．考查定语从句。句意：当然，还有“chifa”这个词，用来形容中国和秘鲁的融合食物，以及卖这种食物的餐馆。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词chifa是物，因此空格处用which。故填which。 57．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然chifa已经是两种菜系的融合，但它也受到更多地区差异的影响。根据语境可知，句子表示“虽然chifa已经是两种菜系的融合，但它也受到更多地区差异的影响”，空格处意为“虽然”，用though/although/while，引导让步状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填Though/Although/While。 58．考查被动语态。句意：食谱可以很容易地调整，包括只在特定地区可用或受欢迎的成分。adjust与主语Recipes 之间为被动关系，，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处是be adjusted。故填be adjusted。 59．考查副词。句意：另一个有趣的事实是：非常受欢迎的深夜电视节目“Wantan Night”实际上是以chifa中使用的馄饨命名的，这表明中国菜在秘鲁有多么根深蒂固。空格处用副词修饰形容词popular，huge的副词为hugely意为“非常，极度”符合句意。故填hugely。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个有趣的事实是：非常受欢迎的深夜电视节目“Wantan Night”实际上是以chifa中使用的馄饨命名的，这表明中国菜在秘鲁有多么根深蒂固。句中谓语是was actually named，空格处用非谓语动词，programme “Wantan Night”和demonstrate之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词形式作状语。故填demonstrating。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 选必一Unit4 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：一、高频词变形速通； 二、语境为王-短语指南 三、 核心词通关攻略 练习题 讲典例：重点句型精讲精练 练考点 强知识：核心词考点加强练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、高频词变形速通 1.interaction  n.互动，交流；相互影响，相互作用 → interact v 交流；沟通；合作 → interactive adj. 合作的；相互影响的；互相配合的 2. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 →inappropriate adj. 不合适的；不恰当的 →appropriately adv. 恰当地 3. vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变 →various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的（=varied） → variation n. 变化;变体;变奏→variety n. 种类；多样化 →a variety of/ varieties of（短语）各种各样 4. approve v. ①赞成 ②批准；通过 → approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可 → approving adj. 赞成的；赞许的 → disapprove v.不赞成；不同意 5.demonstrate vt. ①表达；说明；证明 ②示威，游行→ demonstration n. 示范；证明；示威，游行 → demonstrator n. 示威者；示范者；演示者 6.employ vt. ①使用; 应用②雇用 → employee n.雇员 →employer n.雇主 →employment n. 工作；受雇；就业→ unemployment n. 失业 7. identical adj. 相同的 → identity n. ①身份；②同一性；一致 → identify v. 确认；认出；识别 → identification n. 确认；认出；识别 8.interpret vt. ①把……理解（解释）为 ；② 口译 → interpreter n. 口译译员 →interpretation n. 解释；理解；演绎 9.differ v 相异；有区别；不同于 →difference n.差异；不同；变化（之处） → different adj 不同的；有区别的；有差异的 10.favour (Name favor) vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 ；n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同 →favourable adj. 有利的；赞同的；讨人喜欢的 ；in favour of 支持；赞成 11. anger n. 愤怒；怒气 v. 使生气；激怒 →angry adj. 生气的 →angrily adv.生气地，愤怒地 12.reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的 → rely v.依赖；依靠 →unreliable adj.不可靠的；不能信赖的 13.slight adj. 轻微的；细小的；略微的 →slightly adv. 轻微；略微 14.nonverbal adj. 不使用语言的，非言语的；不能说话的 → verbal adj. 言语的；口头（而非书面）的 15.assess v.评估，评定（性质、质量）→ assessment n.看法；评估 16.internal n.内部的；里面的 → external adj. 外部的；外面的 17.reveal v.揭示；显示；透露 →revelation n.披露；揭露 18.clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清 →clarification n. 阐明；澄清 19.imply v含有…的意思；暗示；暗指 → implication n.可能的影响（或作用、结果) 20.educator n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家 → educate v. 教育→ education n. 教育 → educational adj. 教育的；有关教育的 → educated adj. 受过…教育的；上过…学校的 → well-educated adj. 受过良好教育的；有教养的 21.occupation n. ①占领；②职业；工作 →occupy v. 使用，占用（空间、面积、时间等） → occupied adj. 忙于……的；已被占用的 22.tendency n.倾向；偏好；性情 → tend v.①往往会；常常就 ②趋向；倾向③照料； 照管 23.distract v.转移（注意力）；分散（思想）；使分心 → distraction n.分散注意力的事；使人分心的事 → distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的 24.perceive v.察觉到; 将…理解为 → perception n.感知;洞察力；看法 25.anxiety n. ①焦虑；忧虑; ②渴望 → anxious adj.①令人焦虑的 ②非常希望 →anxiously adv.不安地，忧虑地 26.embarrassed adj. (感到)窘迫的，尴尬的 →embarrass v.使窘迫，使尴尬 →embarrassment n.窘迫，尴尬 → embarrassing adj. (令人)窘迫的，尴尬的 27.ashamed adj (感到)惭愧；羞愧；尴尬 →shame ①n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧②v. 使羞愧（或惭愧）→shameful adj (令人)可耻的；丢脸的 →shameless无耻的；没廉耻的 28.mere adj 仅仅的；只不过 →merely adv.仅仅；只不过 29.inquire= enquire v询问；打听 → inquiry= enquiry n. 调查；查究；查问 30.adjust v.①调整；调节②适应；习惯 → adjustment n.（行为、思想的）调整，适应 → adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的 31.react v. ①（对…）作出反应；回应; 过敏②起化学反应 → reaction n. ①反应；回应②化学反应 二、语境为王-短语指南 1. look into the future  展望未来 2. pros and cons  正反两方面；赞成者和反对者 3. in one’s opinion  在…看来 4. be meant to do sth  意在做某事, 应该做某事 5. give tips on (doing) sth  给出关于…的建议 6. intended audience  目标读者 7. forget to do sth.  忘记去做某事 8. switch off  （用开关）关掉；切断（电源） 9. all the time  始终，一直 10. lead to  导致；通向 11. in the not-too-distant future  在不太遥远的将来 12. keep us secure  让我们安全 13. save us energy 节省能源 14. remote controls  遥控（器） 15. air conditioners  空调；冷气机 16. advanced technology  先进技术 17. automatic control  [自] 自动控制 18. integrated sensors  集成传感器 19. energy-efficient mode  节能模式 20. all by oneself  靠自己；独立，单独 21. no longer  不再 22. on and off  断断续续地，不时地 23. daily routine and preferences  日常习惯和喜好 24. be ready for  为…做准备 25. come on  开始赶快 26. the instant that  一…就 27. along with  连同…一起；与…一道；除了… 28. prepare for  为…准备，使有准备 29. respond to  响应, 回答 30. regular Health Checks  定期健康检查 31. in addition  另外，此外 32. give some suggestions on  就…给一些建议 33. keep track of  记录；与…保持联系 34. as well  也；同样地 35. early on  在初期，早先 36. prevent...from...  使…不，防止…做 37. provide sb. with sth.  给某人提供某物 38. fix the problem  解决问题 39. catch fire  着火 40. in this sense  从这个意义上来说 41. in a sense  在某种意义上 42. build up  增进，加强 43. big data  大数据 44. come true  实现，成真；成为现实 45. take care to do sth  注意；小心做某事 46. combine…together  把…结合在一起 47. benefit from  得益于；因…而得到好处 48. can’t help but do sth  忍不住要做某事 49. it is a good habit to do sth  做某事是一个好习惯 50. make certain  弄清楚；弄确实 51. send out  发送；派遣；放出 52. leak oil  漏油 53. set off  出发；引起；动身；使爆炸 54. hang out  挂出；闲逛 55. go sightseeing  去观光 56. it takes time to do sth.  花时间做某事。 57. apologise for 为…道歉 58. on the one hand  一方面 59. on the other hand  另一方面 60. in the absence of  缺乏，无…时 61. in the distant future  在遥远的未来 62. It could even be argued that  甚至可以说 63. rather than  而不是；宁可…也不愿 64. keep in touch (with)  (与…)保持联络 65. even if  即使；虽然 66. on opposite sides of 在…的对面 67. allow sb to do sth  允许某人做某事 68. benefit quite a lot from  获益颇多 69. technological advances  技术进步 70. look on (…as)  看待 71. in the absence of relevant evidence  在没有相关证据的情况下 72. make accurate predictions about  对…作出准确的预测 73. I couldn’t agree more  我完全同意 74. place/lay more emphasis on  强调；把重点放在 75. write an essay on  写一篇关于…的文章 76. How do you find (doing) sth?  你觉得（做）某事怎么样 77. allow sb. to do sth  允许某人做某事 78. get a high-paying job  找一份高薪的工作 79. have the luxury of doing sth 有幸/难得能享受…的机会 80. cut down   削减；砍倒 81. in place of  代替 82. be made from  由…制成 83. put your mind at rest  放心 84. all in all  总而言之 三、核心词通关攻略 1.vary vi. (根据情况)变化；改变 考频：★★★ Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. (教材P38) 就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。 【例句】 The temperature varies from time to time. 温度常常变化。 The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century. 剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。 The number of the added flights varies from year to year according to the demand shown by flight ticket booking systems. 根据机票预订系统显示的需求，新增航班的数量每年都在变化。 【拓展】 (1) vary in sth. 在某方面不同 vary with... 随着……的变化而变化 vary from... to... 由……到……不等 (2) variety n. 变化；多样化；种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3) various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的 2. appropriate adj.合适的；恰当地 考频：★★☆ The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.(教材P38) 关键是使用身体语言的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。 【例句】 ①His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合那个场合。 ②Her clothes are not appropriate for this formal party. 她的衣服不适合这个正式的聚会。 ③It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now. 现在我不宜讨论此事。 【拓展】 (1) be appropriate to/for 适合…… (2) It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事合适 (3) inappropriate adj.不恰当的 appropriately adv.适当地 3. approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过 考频：★★★ In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. (教材P38) 相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【例句】 The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了该建筑计划。 Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。 【拓展】 (1) approve of 赞成；同意 approve of sb./sb.’s doing sth. 同意某人做某事 (2) approval n. 认可，赞成，同意 give one’s approval to 批准某人…… (3) approving adj. 赞成的；赞许的 (4) disapprove vi.不赞成，反对 disapproval n．[U]不赞成 4. witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人 考频：★★★ In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (教材P38) 在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是有钱的意思。 【例句】 She was shocked by the scenes she had witnessed. 她被亲眼看到的场面震惊了。 The 21st century witnesses the rapid development of information technology. 21世纪见证着信息技术的飞速发展。 Police have appealed to witnesses to come forward and tell them the truth. 警察呼吁目击者出来告诉他们真相。 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 【拓展】 (1) witness sth.　　 目击了某事 witness to (doing) sth. 证实，证明(做)某事 witness for 为……作证 （2）be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人 bear/give witness to 做……的证人；为……作证 5. differ vi.不同于；相异 考频：★★★ Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. (教材P38) 甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。 【例句】 Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation. 日语发音和法语大不相同。 Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for. 雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。 【拓展】 differ from... 与……不同/有区别 differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上持不同(看法) different adj. 不同的 be different from... 与……不同 difference n. 不同，差别 make a difference (to...) (对……)有作用或影响 6. favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同 考频：★★★ Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. (教材P38) 在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。 【例句】 A mother shouldn’t show too much favour to one of her children. 母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。 I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates. 我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。 【拓展】 (1) do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人的忙 ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙 in favour of 赞成，支持 in one’s favour 对某人有利 （2）favo(u)rable adj. 赞同的，有利的 （3）“in＋名词＋of”的其他短语有： in need of需要 in celebration of为了庆祝…… in praise of称赞 in honour of向……表示敬意 in case of万一 in memory of为了纪念…… 7. break down 消除；分解；打破 考频：★★☆ A smile can break down barriers. (教材P39) 微笑可以打破障碍。 【例句】 Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage. 我们的车坏了， 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。 By then the gate was being broken down. 那时候大门快要被砸开了。 【拓展】 break away from逃脱；挣脱 break in强行进入；打断谈话 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) break off折断；停顿；中断 break out爆发；突然发生 break through突破；冲破；克服 break up解散；(学校)放假；结束；粉碎 8. reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的 考频：★★★ Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings，their body language or the words they speak? (教材P39) 哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？ 【例句】 It has a highly reliable control system. 它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。 He’s a good musician and totally reliable. 他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。 【拓展】 (1) reliable person 可靠的人(可以信任) reliable data/information 可靠的数据/信息(信息准确) (2) rely v. 依赖；依靠 rely on/upon＝depend on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on/upon sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it＋that从句 指望/相信…… (2) reliability n．可靠(性)；可信(性) reliably adv.可靠地；可信地 9. assessment n.评价；评定 考频：★★☆ We make assessments and inferences from body language. (教材P40) 我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。 【例句】 What is your assessment of the situation? 你对时局的看法如何？ There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment. 几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。 【拓展】 assess vt.　　 评估；评定 assess sth.at 评估某物(多少钱) be assessed as... 被评定为…… assess＋从句 评定；估定 10. in other words 换句话说；也就是说 考频：★★★ In other words… 换句话说……(教材P43) 【例句】 In other words, she must give up singing. 换言之， 她必须放弃唱歌。 In other words, the ice begins to melt.　换句话说， 冰开始融化了。 【拓展】 (1) in a/one word　　　 总而言之 have a word with sb. 与某人说(私)话 have words with sb. 与某人吵架 keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/失信 beyond words 无法用言语表达 in words 用语言 word came that... 有消息说…… 【名师提醒】与in other words意思相同的表达有： namely, that is, that is to say, in another word。 word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。 11. tendency n.[C]倾向，偏好，性情；趋势，趋向 考频：★★★ People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(教材P44) 人们有选择自己感兴趣的东西的倾向。 【例句】 I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous. 我紧张时总爱唠叨。 There is a tendency for this pattern of woolen dress to become popular. 这个款式的羊毛裙有流行的趋势。 It is uncertain whether a child's tendency towards fatness is inherited or due to the food he eats. 还不确定儿童的发胖倾向是遗传的还是由他所吃的食物造成的 【拓展】 (1) a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do... (某人/某物)做……的倾向/趋势 a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/趋势 (2) tend vt.往往会；vi.趋向；vi. & vt.照管，护理 tend to do sth. 往往会做某事 tend to/towards...有……的趋势，倾向于…… tend to sb./sth. 照料/护理/照管某人/某物 Some parents tend to do everything for their children. 一些父母往往会为孩子做一切事情。 Several nurses carefully tended (to) the sick man. 几位护士悉心地照料这位病人。 12. occupy vt.占据；占用 考频：★★★ With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. (教材P44) 双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。 【例句】 Mr. White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education. 怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。 He occupied himself in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。 【拓展】 (1) be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于做某事 occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于某事；专心于某事 keep sb. occupied 使某人忙碌 (2) occupation n. 占用；职业 13. distinguish vi.& vt.区分；区别；辨别 考频：★★☆ While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. (教材P44) 尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 【例句】 We can distinguish between gold and silver. 我们能区分金和银。 He distinguished himself in physics. 他在物理方面享有盛名。 【拓展】 (1) distinguish between...and... 区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from... 使……有别于……的特征；区别/辨别……和…… distinguish oneself by... 通过……显示自己或使自己扬名 distinguish oneself for... 因……而出名 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 (2) distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 14. embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的& ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 考频：★★★ They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. (教材P44) 他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。 (1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的 【例句】 A parrot can sometimes make you embarrassed． 鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。 He became embarrassed when a journalist asked him pointed questions about his finances. 一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。 【拓展】 (1) be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at sth. 对某事感到难为情/不知所措 embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安 embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 embarrassment n.难堪，困窘 (2)ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧 考频：★★★ 【例句】 Her husband felt ashamed at her behaviour. 她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。 He felt very much ashamed whenever he encountered any of his old mates. 每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。 【拓展】 (1) be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做…… be ashamed that... 对……感到内疚 (2) shame n. 羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事 It’s a shame that... ……真让人遗憾 What a shame/pity! 真可惜！ (5) shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的 shameless adj. 无耻的，没廉耻的 15. call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 考频：★★☆ Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. (教材P44) 有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。 【例句】 I like that you should call on me frequently. 我喜欢你经常来拜访我。 He called on his friends to help him. 他向他的朋友求助。 【拓展】 (1) 短暂访问(某人)，相当于drop in on, visit, pay a visit to等，后接sb.。 (2) 要求，请求；恭请(＝call upon) call on/upon sb. to do sth.要求/请求某人做某事 (3) call构成的其他短语： call for 去接(某人)；需要；(公开)要求 call in 叫来，召来；下令收回 call off 取消 call at 停靠，(短时间)停留 call back 回电话 16. bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便 考频：★★☆ However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. (教材P44) 但是，如果一个学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。 【例句】 Thank you, but please don’t bother． 谢谢， 但请你不要费事了。 What a bother! We've missed the bus. 真恼人！我们错过了公交车。 【拓展】 (1) (not) bother with/about... (不)为……而费心 (not) bother doing/to do sth. (不)费心做某事 bother sb. with/about sth. 让某人为某事烦恼 it bothers sb. that... ……使某人烦恼 it bothers sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人烦恼 (2)【注意】 易混辨析：bother, interrupt与disturb的用法区别 易混词 含义及用法 bother 指在别人做某事不想被打扰时与某人说话或打断对方，意为“打扰；烦扰” interrupt 指打断别人的交谈等，使不能继续进行下去，意为“打断；使中断” disturb 指打扰别人工作或休息，也指扰乱正常的秩序，意为“干扰；打扰” The game was interrupted several times by rain. 比赛因为下雨中断了几次。 If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else. 如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰到别人。 17. conflict n.矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触 考频：★★☆ It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. (教材P44) 可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。 【例句】 It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict． 这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。 Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws? 英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？ 【拓展】 (1) in conflict with　　 与……冲突/与……矛盾 come into conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾 (2) conflict with 与……矛盾/冲突 18. adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 考频：★★★ Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually... (教材P44) 他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈…… 【例句】 Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。 You will quickly adjust yourself to student life. 你将很快适应学生生活。 【拓展】 (1) adjust sth.to sth.　 调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to... 使自己适应…… (2) adjustable adj. 可调节的；可调整的 (3) adjustment n. 调整；调节 make adjustments to 对……做出调整 1.否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义 1) 单句语法填空 ①How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a _________________________(good) voice. ②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was _____________(happy) than I was. 2)句型转换 ③She is the most hard­working student in her class. →______________________________________________ in her class.(否定词＋比较级) 2. 部分否定 1）补全句子 ①_________________________________________(不是所有的成员都会同意) your plan. ②He told me all pieces of the news, but___________________________interesting(没有一个是有趣的)． 一句多译 最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在空闲时间进行体育锻炼。 ③A recent survey shows that _______________________________________________in their spare time. ④A recent survey shows that ______________________________________________________. 3.have sth. done意为“让某事被做” 1）单句语法填空 ① It was cold, and she had the fire ___________________(burn) day and night. ②I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anything ____________(take) to your son? ③We students have various activities ____________(take) part in after class. 2）完成句子 ④我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会，因为我有一件重要的事要处理。 I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I ___________________________． 考点1：vary的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The students’ work varies considerably__________ quality. ②Prices vary __________the type of the room you require. ③Opinions on this matter vary greatly from person __________ person. ④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。 _______________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. ＝_______________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. ＝________________________, I’d prefer not to meet him. 考点2：appropriate 的用法[考向] 固定搭配 完成句子 ①现在发表演讲是不是时候？ Is now an ____________________________？ ②这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。 The book was written in a style ________________ the age of the children. 考点3： approve的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She doesn’t approve __________our decision. ②I approve of your _________(try)to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. ③Hope the arrangements meet with your __________(approve). ④我非常赞成这些新的测试。I very much________________________________． ⑤I don’t need ___________all the time. If someone does not_______________ me, I will still be okay. 我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。 考点4：witness 的用法 [考向] 固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He made a very poor witness _________ himself. ②His good health is a witness ________ the success of the treatment. ③司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。 The driver ___________________________ the man enter the building. ④这些事实证明了他的粗心。 These facts are____________________________． ⑤The ___________who ___________the incident ___________________the police and promised to be a_____________． 这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。 考点5：differ 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Worried about my health, I tried many ____________(differ)kinds of diets but nothing worked. ②There’re many____________ (differ)between British English and American English. ③在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。 In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. But it is how you react that______________________． ④很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。 Apparently, the twins________________________________． ⑤这些模型的大小和形状都不一样。 The models_______________ size and shape. ⑥Learners with ____________cultural backgrounds ________________their thinking patterns and learning styles. The ______________ can be investigated and explained. 不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。 考点6： favour 的用法[考向] 固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Most of them were in favour _________ my opinion while David was against it. ②The exchange rate is _________ our favour for the time being. ③ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？ Could you _______________and pick up Sam from school today? ＝Could you ___________________and pick up Sam from school today? ④ 我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？ I want to __________________; will you lend me your cell phone? ＝I want to___________________；will you lend me your cell phone? 考点6：adjust的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We must make some ____________ (adjust)to our original plan because of emergencies. ②It took her a while to adjust to __________(live)alone. ③我们必须使我们自己尽快适应新生活。 We must ___________________the new life as soon as possible. ④她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。 She ______________________ the height of her son. ⑤School __________ is a process that students try to ___________ the school life actively, finish study successfully, develop their personality well, and carry out the purpose of education. 学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。 考点8：assess的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①After the flood, they assessed the loss ___________10 million yuan. ②Many of the adults ______________(assess)as having learning difficulties. ③The government will make a strict ______________(assess)of the food safety. ④这是对失败原因的分析评估。 This was __________________________for the failure. ⑤We have also found that a team doing its own self______________, rather than ______________by those outside the team, is highly effective. 我们还发现进行自我评估的，而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效的。 考点9：in other words的用法 [考向] 固定搭配 完成句子 ①总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。 __________________, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success. ②有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。 __________________ the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup. ③我无法用言语来表达我的情感。 I can’t convey my feelings______________． ④换句话说， 他成了一位伟大的英雄。 He became, __________________, a great hero. ⑤他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。 He is such a man that he can’t always _____________, ________________, he always _______________, because of which his friends often ___________________ him. 考点10： tendency的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空 ①There is a growing ________ (tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices. ②Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency ________ (make) poor choices. ③It is a fact that there is a tendency ________ regional cooperation. 考点11： occupy的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①____________ (occupy) with his homework, he can’t go out to play football. ②She needs things to keep her ___________(occupy)so she doesn't get into trouble. ③我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。 When I came in, the boy _______________________his homework.＝When I came in, the boy ____________________his homework. ④当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于这项研究已经有好几天了。 When the enemy___________ the city, the scientist _________________in doing his research. In fact, he ______________ with the research for many days. 考点12：distinguish的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My brother is a most _____________(distinguish)man—a great actor. ②她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。 She _____________________her ability to make her ideas clear. ③这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。 The man _____________________a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. ④真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。 True adults are able to ___________________________________________ what they want to do. ⑤这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。 The adult bird can _____________________ by its orange beak. 考点13：embarrass的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Much to his ____________ (embarrass), the captain made a duck in each innings. ②He was embarrassed ______________(admit)making a mistake. ③His speech was followed by an ______________(embarrass)silence. ④我为自己的错误感到不好意思。 I _______________________my mistake. 考点14： ashamed的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She was ashamed ___________(ask)such a simple question. ②You should be ashamed __________ having told a lie to her. ③真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。_________________! She should fail this round. ④他羞愧地用手把脸蒙住。 He ______________________ he hid his face in his hands. ⑤不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞耻的是你从不开口说。 Don’t _________________speaking poor English. Don’t _________________ being laughed at. Don’t ________________ being stared at. The only real __________is that you never open your mouth. 考点15：conflict 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Your statement is ________ conflict with the rest of the evidence. ②She had often come into conflict ________ her husband. ③他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。 He is so cautious that he tries not to _______________his wife.＝He is so cautious that he tries not to __________________ his wife.＝ He is so cautious that he tries not to ______________________ his wife. 知识导图记忆 I.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) (每小题2分，共16分) 1. Her questions about my private life me.(embarrass) 2．The of the company is in training his .(employ) 3． of after­class activities will be held， from the English corner to the Literature club.(vary) 4． students from each other in many aspects.(differ) 5．I am with my ，which most of my time every day.(occupy) 6．I feel of my action，which is a to me.(shame) 7．The farmer can easily weeds from wanted plants.(distinguish) 8．My brother suffering from is becoming more and more .(anxiety) II..单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) (每小题2分，共20分) 1．I saw three superb camp beds，two of which were (占据)． 2．Teachers in this high school a of the program because it’s good for kids’ growth. 3．Every (交流) between keepers and their animals creates some sort of connections. 4．Workers (反应) angrily to the latest news of more job losses at the factory. 5．Why are you staring at me? Are you (暗示) that I didn’t adopt a good method? 6．She found herself in with her parents over her future career in fashion design. 7．I thought that this was just a story，but then I it with my own eyes many times. 8．Ocean colors from green to blue，depending on the type and quantity of phytoplankton(浮游植物)． 9．Could you do me a and pick up Sam from school today? 10．You can trust him because his information comes from a source. Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分) 11．她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。这个笑容融化了我内心的坚冰。(排比句)(读后续写之喜乐心理描写) . 12．没有什么比参加5km越野比赛更有意义的了，它对我们身心都有益处。(否定词＋比较级) the five­kilometer cross­country running race，which benefits us physically and mentally. 13．并非每个学生都真正理解尊重和传播中国传统文化的重要性。(部分否定) . 14．既绝望又无助，简跪了下去，悔恨的泪水从她的脸颊上流了下来。(with复合结构)(读后续写之孤独郁闷心理描写) Desperate and helpless，Jane knelt down， . IV. 语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 10th Nishan Forum (论坛) on World Civilizations is set to kick off 1 Wednesday in Nishan, Qufu, Shandong province 2 (know) as the birthplace of Confucius. The two-day forum — themed “Traditional Culture and Modern Civilization” — will cover 3 (topic) such as civilizational exchanges and mutual learning amid global challenges, Chinese-style and Western modernization, civilization inheritance, 4 (innovate) in the process of modernization and the effects of artificial intelligence and humanity. Nishan, located 30 kilometers southeast of the county-level city of Qufu in Jining, 5 is a must-visit tourist destination, combines the charm of China’s traditional culture with the world cultural heritage sites of the Temple of Confucius, the Mansion of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius. Since its inception (开办) in 2010,the Nishan forum 6 (hold) nine times. The event features dialogue between different civilizations around 7 world. It has become an 8 (increasing) important platform for strengthening the preservation and development of Chinese traditional culture, advocating common human values and 9 (promote) international cultural exchanges and cooperation. This year’s forum will host nearly 400 international guests from 63 countries — the largest number of countries 10 guests. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Within the wildly varied types of Peruvian food, there’s one deserving some special attention — Peruvian Chinese food, locally 51 (call) chifa. The roots of the chifa tradition lie in the first big wave of Chinese migration (移民) to Peru. It 52 (occur) in the mid-nineteenth century. Since then, more Chinese have come to Peru. And this, in turn, creates interesting 53 (opportunity) for Chinese citizens considering opening a business in Peru. The Chinese influence in Peru not only has given rise to 54 kind of fusion (融合) cuisine, but it’s also responsible for contributing some absolutely essential ingredients (烹饪原料) 55 Peruvian cooking. Just as traditional Chinese ingredients took root in wider Peruvian cuisine, certain words of Chinese origin became commonly-used in Peru. Of course, there’s the word chifa, 56 describes Chinese-Peruvian fusion food as well as the restaurants that sell it. 57 chifa is already a fusion of two cuisines, it’s also subject to further regional variations. Recipes can easily 58 (adjust) to include ingredients only available or popular in a specific region. Another fun fact: the 59 (huge) popular late-night TV programme “Wantan Night” was actually named after the wontons used in chifa, 60 (demonstrate) just how deeply rooted Chinese cuisine is in Peru. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$