第01讲 名词（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第01讲 名词 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01考查名词的数 考向02考查名词的格 考向03考查名词的构词法 考向04考查名词动化和熟词生义 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 名词的单复数变化规则 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2025`新高考II卷） The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ______64_____(afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 2.24 - 25 高三・湖北武汉・阶段练习）The government has introduced a series of policies to support the development of small and medium - sized __________ (enterprise). These policies aim to create a better business environment for them. 3.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟）Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, have also launched __________ (campaign) to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods, which has caused concerns over whether cash will soon disappear. 4.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Tea has a long history in China, dating back thousands of years. It is said that Shennong, one of the legendary __________ (figure) in ancient China, discovered tea when leaves from a wild tree fell into his boiling water. 5.（2024·江西景德镇·一模）The most pressing thing in daily life is the behaviors and emotions that emerge when brain is lacking in critical __________ (nutrient). In other words, keeping our brains active is just as important for our mental health as it is for our cognitive health. 6.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Their strong __________ (joint) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun — it shows what technology can bring to traditions.” 7.（2025·山东日照·一模）Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short __________ (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. 8.（23-24高三上·山东烟台·模拟）The way to make it is handed down from generation to generation. When making huamo, women concentrate on their artistic creation as they like, letting their rich (imagine) run freely in the artistic world, and leave behind fantastic works of huamo, each with its own special characteristics. 9.（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）After understanding the foundational logic of bamboo weaving and the patterns, Qian began to add artistic __________ (touch) to his bamboo weaving. 10.（23-24高三上·广西·阶段练习）In 2016 experts found that its murals were deteriorating (恶化) and that the wooden_________ (component) of the four halls were deformed and cracked, and to rescue operation then began. 11.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）According to veteran geologist Wang Yu, the mountain’s terrain is rugged (崎岖的), with steep vertical __________ (drop) and six different climate zones. 12.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Framed by children’s dreams of inspiration, pursuit and fulfillment, the gala performance, featuring __________ (chapter) titled “Blazing Ice and Snow,” “Passion in Motion” and “Everlasting Friendship,” vividly presented hope and resilience. 13.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The local culture is vibrant, with folk music and performances full of festive atmosphere, and you can experience the unique customs and __________ (delicacy) here. 14.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习） (minimize) the menu time envelops you more thoroughly in the marvelous landscapes. 15.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）China’s consumption landscape is undergoing significant changes. From market activities to consumer scenarios (消费场景), consumption __________ (dynamic) not only reflect the pulse of economic recovery but also highlight deeper structural transformations. 16.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）But if you want to drink tea in the oldest way, you’ll need to hike deep into the remote Tea Mountains of Southwest China and handpick _________ (leaf) and buds from tea trees that are hundreds of years old. 考向02 名词的格 所给词的适当形式完成句子 1．Even as the __________ (found) of Apple, Steve Jobs was once expelled (排挤) out of the company. 2．It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 3．After two __________ (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project. 4．The __________ (president) attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 5．In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the __________ (girl) decision to go to Elkhead. 6．You’ll hear these __________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 6．There are many students living at school，the__________ (child) houses are all far from school． 从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 1．Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A．Teacher’s B．the Teachers’ C．Teachers D．Teachers’ 2．__________ uncle is an engineer. A．Tom’s and Joan’s B．Tom’s and Joan C．Tom and Joan’ s D．Tom and Joan 3．________ the faulty data resulted in ________. A．Joanna’s getting; her to be punished B．Joanna’s getting; her being punished C．Joanna got; her to be punished D．Joanna getting; her being punished 4．Life in the following __________ time may be harder than before, but everyone should stick to his goals and make an effort to achieve them. A．three-months B．three month C．three months D．three months’ 5．The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________ love for their children. A．parent B．parent’s C．parent’ D．parents’ 6．The post card is sent by __________. A．a friend of my father B．a friend of my father's C．my father friend D．my father friend's 7．Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of __________. A．brotherhood B．brother C．brothers D．brotherly 考向03 名词与其它词类的变化 1. （广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）The film has raised the audiences’__________ (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture. 2. （24-25高三·云南曲靖·期末）‌“Brain rot” refers to ‌“the supposed worsening of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over __________ (consume) of material (now particularly online content) considered to be unimportant or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such worsening”. 3.（2024·湖南永州·三模）Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water__________ (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day. 4.（24-25高三下·浙江·阶段练习）China’s vice minister of Culture and Tourism, Rao Quan, who led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the _________(recognize). 5.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In conclusion, Ne Zha 2 is a triumph of Chinese animation, a celebration of Chinese culture and a testament to the behind-the-scenes team’s unwavering __________ (commit) to exquisite craftsmanship. 6.（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）However, the GBR is under threat. The exploitation of oil and gas is driving industrial __________ (expand) along much of the norther Queensland coast. 7.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）One professor explained, “In China, opera is an art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely depends on the actors’ inner______ (strong) and acting skills.” 8.（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟）In modern times, new genres (体裁) such as science fiction and fantasy have grown in __________ (popular), while electronic books are becoming increasingly popular. 9.（2025高三上·全国·阶段练习）An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his __________ (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and accessible to people like him. 10.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）The __________ (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people. 11.（24-25高三上·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Guillaume Large, a 44-year-old from Bordeaux, France, turned to tai chi for (recover) after a sports injury over 20 years ago. 12.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She was convinced that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their__________ (survive). 13.（2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）For Qingzhi, a law student from Communication University of China, wearing hanfu to class every day gives her __________ (inspire). 14.（2025·山西·模拟试题）More than 300 participants who were from international organizations, research institutes, universities and enterprises came together at the 6th International Agricultural Research Conference in Beijing on December 15,2022 to exchange ideas on how to make a __________ (contribute) to global food security, calling for more international cooperation in agriculture. 15.（2025·江苏·模拟）This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the __________ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. 考向04 名词的动化及数词生义 1. （2025年浙江卷1月·阅读理解C篇）Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden and even some of the designing. 2. （2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The river mirrors the surrounding mountains. 3. （2024年全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）The bank raised its interest rates sharply. 4. （2024年北京卷·七选五）He was drafted into the army in 1943. 5. （2024年上海卷·翻译）The spy planted a listening device. 6. （2024年全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇）The app gamifies language learning by awarding points. 7. （2024年浙江卷·完形填空）She shouldered the responsibility alone. 8.（2022年北京卷·阅读理解D篇）Scientists harvested data from satellites. 9. （2021年全国乙卷·语法填空）New ideas sprang up during the discussion. 10. （2021年上海卷·翻译）It was a capital mistake! 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers attending outdoor sporting events, or circuses and __________ (fair). 2.“With the __________ (cooperate) and assistance from ground controllers and the space station’s robotic arm, the team completed all their assigned tasks successfully,” the agency said. 3.Huang Anjing, Editor in Chief of Yaowen Jiaozi, told Dazhong Daily newspaper that the annual buzzword selection aims to capture wide-ranging __________ (shift) in politics, the economy, culture and daily life. 4.The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the __________ (country) vast rural areas. 5. Despite his initial thought of adjusting the recipe to meet the tastes of foreigners, Guo took the suggestion from his mother- in- law to keep the original one that had been perfect for 850 years and gained __________ (accept) beyond his imagination. 6. The exhibition vividly describes the history of human origins, the __________ (form) of Chinese civilization and its development within the boundaries of China. 7. Hunan Cuisine, on the other hand, is famous for its bold and burning flavors, which features the __________ (combine) of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic to create a powerful and intense spicy taste. 8. Another standout feature of the CR450 is its exceptional energy efficiency. The train’s running (resist) has been reduced by 22 percent and its weight cut by 10percent, leading to improved fuel efficiency. 9.They have also incorporated the latest technology __________ (breakthrough) into the development process. 10.But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and __________ (persevere). 题型二 阅读中的名词动化及熟词生义 阅读下面句子，理解划线单词的词意及句意。 1.（2023年全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇）The team conducted a 5-year study on climate change. 2.（2023年浙江卷·七选五）The mayor promised to address the pollution issue. 3.（2022年新高考I卷·完形填空）The government refused yield to pressure. 4. I don’t know the answer, let me Google it. 5. She microwaved the leftovers for lunch. 6. We Ubered to the airport. 7. We The committee tabled the proposal for further discussion. 8. They hatched a plan to escape. 9. His anger clouded his judgement. 10. The policy bridges the gap between rich and poor. 1.（2025年浙江首考·阅读理解C篇）Eschewing fertilizers（化肥）and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does. 2.（2025年浙江首考·语法填空）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___61___ (solve) to one-time event dressing. 3.（2023年全国乙卷·语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural __________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 4.（2022年新高考I卷·语法填空）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate__________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 5.(2022年全国甲卷·语法填空） Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __________ (protect). 6. (2021年新高考II卷·语法填空 ）A company __________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 7.（2023年浙江1月卷·语法填空）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic __________ (event). 8.（2022浙江1月卷·语法填空） Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the __________ (invite). 9. (2021全国甲卷·语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 10. （2022浙江6月卷· 语法填空）John Olson, a former __________ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 名词 目录 01 课标达标练 考向01考查名词的数 考向02考查名词的格 考向03考查名词的构词法 考向04考查名词动化和熟词生义 02 核心突破练 03 真题溯源练 考向01 名词的单复数变化规则 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2025`新高考II卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ______64_____(afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【答案】afternoons 【解析】考查名词的数。在我居住的地方，晒干的衣服特别香，这要归功于没有雾霾和充足的天空蔚蓝的下午，还有许多新鲜空气。afternoon表示很多词天的午后都这样。 2.（24 - 25 高三・湖北武汉・阶段练习）The government has introduced a series of policies to support the development of small and medium - sized __________ (enterprise). These policies aim to create a better business environment for them. 【答案】enterprises 【解析】考查复杂语境中的名词复数。句意：政府推出了一系列政策来支持中小企业的发展，这些政策旨在为中小企业创造一个更好的经营环境。根据 “看搭配” 技巧，句中出现指示代词 “These”，指代前面提到的名词，表明此处名词应为复数形式。“enterprise（企业）” 的复数是 “enterprises”，所以填 “enterprises”。 【名师提醒】本题虽长词较多，但根据名词的功能及语境中的指代和句意不难判断。解题关键是需要掌握名词的功能并理清句子结构。 3.（2025·湖南长沙·模拟）Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, have also launched __________ (campaign) to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods, which has caused concerns over whether cash will soon disappear. 【答案】campaigns 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：国内两大第三方移动支付工具支付宝和微信支付也发起了活动，鼓励更多的商家和客户使用无现金支付方式，这引发了人们对现金是否会很快消失的担忧。campaign为可数名词，前文没有冠词应用复数形式。故填campaigns。 【技巧点拨】解答本题解题关键在于掌握可数名词的基本用法。 4.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Tea has a long history in China, dating back thousands of years. It is said that Shennong, one of the legendary __________ (figure) in ancient China, discovered tea when leaves from a wild tree fell into his boiling water. 【答案】figures 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说，中国古代的传奇人物之一神农在野外树上的叶子掉进他的沸水里时发现了茶。figure(人物)是可数名词，one of后接可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，这里指“神农是古代传奇人物之一”。故填figures。 5.（2024·江西景德镇·一模）The most pressing thing in daily life is the behaviors and emotions that emerge when brain is lacking in critical __________ (nutrient). In other words, keeping our brains active is just as important for our mental health as it is for our cognitive health. 【答案】nutrients 【解析】考查名词。句意：日常生活中最迫切的问题是大脑缺乏关键营养素时出现的行为和情绪问题。nutrient为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填nutrients。 6.（2025·山东·模拟预测）Their strong __________ (joint) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun — it shows what technology can bring to traditions.” 【答案】joints 【解析】考查名词。句意：它们强壮的关节帮助它们在快速舞步中保持完美平衡。根据后文的“them”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填joints。 7.（2025·山东日照·一模）Chen has documented her life in Liuzhou through short __________ (video), capturing both her personal growth and the city’s development. 【答案】videos 【解析】考查名词数的变化。句意：陈通过短视频记录了她在柳州的生活，捕捉了她个人成长和城市发展的情况。video作介词through的宾语，可是名词，根据句意用复数，故填videos。 8.（23-24高三上·山东烟台·模拟）The way to make it is handed down from generation to generation. When making huamo, women concentrate on their artistic creation as they like, letting their rich (imagine) run freely in the artistic world, and leave behind fantastic works of huamo, each with its own special characteristics. 【答案】imagination 【解析】考查名词。句意：女人们在做花馍的时候，专注于自己喜欢的艺术创作，让丰富的想象力在艺术世界里自由奔跑，留下一个个别具一格的奇妙花馍作品。作宾语，应用名词imagination，抽象概念，不可数。故填imagination。 9.（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）After understanding the foundational logic of bamboo weaving and the patterns, Qian began to add artistic __________ (touch) to his bamboo weaving. 【答案】touches 【导语】考查名词的数。句意：在了解了竹编的基本逻辑和图案之后，钱开始为他的竹编增添艺术色彩。touch此处为可数名词，前文没有冠词表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填touches。 10.（23-24高三上·广西·阶段练习）In 2016 experts found that its murals were deteriorating (恶化) and that the wooden_________ (component) of the four halls were deformed and cracked, and to rescue operation then began. 【答案】components 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：2016年，专家们发现壁画正在恶化，四个大厅的木质部件变形和裂缝，随后开始了救援行动。根据后文were可知，此处应用名词复数，作主语。故填components。 11.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）According to veteran geologist Wang Yu, the mountain’s terrain is rugged (崎岖的), with steep vertical __________ (drop) and six different climate zones. 【答案】drops 【解析】考查名词。句意：据资深地质学家王宇说，这座山地形崎岖，有陡峭的垂直落差和六个不同的气候带。此句中的 drop作可数名词，意为“落差”，前无限定词，应用名词复数，表泛指。故填drops。 12.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Framed by children’s dreams of inspiration, pursuit and fulfillment, the gala performance, featuring __________ (chapter) titled “Blazing Ice and Snow,” “Passion in Motion” and “Everlasting Friendship,” vividly presented hope and resilience. 【答案】chapters 【解析】考查名词。句意同上。空处作宾语，结合后文“Blazing Ice and Snow,” “Passion in Motion” and “Everlasting Friendship,”可知，此处需填名词复数形式。故填characters。 13.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The local culture is vibrant, with folk music and performances full of festive atmosphere, and you can experience the unique customs and __________ (delicacy) here. 【答案】delicacies 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当地文化充满活力，民间音乐和表演充满节日气氛，（所以）你可以在这里体验独特的风俗和美食。名词delicacy作“美味佳肴”讲时是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填delicacies。 14.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习） (minimize) the menu time envelops you more thoroughly in the marvelous landscapes. 【答案】Minimizing 【解析】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少菜单时间，让你更彻底地沉浸在奇妙的风景中。空处应为动名词作主语。故填Minimizing。 15.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）China’s consumption landscape is undergoing significant changes. From market activities to consumer scenarios (消费场景), consumption __________ (dynamic) not only reflect the pulse of economic recovery but also highlight deeper structural transformations. 【答案】dynamics 【解析】考查名词。句意：从市场活动到消费场景，消费动态不仅反映了经济复苏的脉搏，也突显了更深层次的结构性转型。句中dynamic是可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，表示“动态”或“活力”，符合题意。故填dynamics。 16.（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）But if you want to drink tea in the oldest way, you’ll need to hike deep into the remote Tea Mountains of Southwest China and handpick _________ (leaf) and buds from tea trees that are hundreds of years old. 【答案】leaves 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：你需要深入中国西南部偏远的茶山，手工采摘数百年的老茶树上的叶子和芽。leaf意为“叶子”为可数名词单数，结合句意，此处表示复数意义，所以使用复数形式leaves。故填leaves。 【名师提醒】本题可根据同步讲义中以f或fe结尾的名词变复数记忆口诀轻松解答。 考向02 名词的格 所给词的适当形式完成句子 1．Even as the __________ (found) of Apple, Steve Jobs was once expelled (排挤) out of the company. 【答案】founder 【解析】考查名词。句意：即使作为苹果的创始人，史蒂夫·乔布斯也曾被排挤出公司。定冠词the后应用名词，根据句意可知，应用“founder”，意为“创始人”，为可数名词，句中应用其单数形式，指“Steve Jobs”。故填founder。 2．It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. 【答案】person’s 【解析】考查所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（以公斤为单位）除以身高（以米为单位）的平方。表示“人的”用名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。 3．After two __________ (day) hard work, they succeeded in completing the project. 【答案】days’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：经过两天的艰苦工作，他们成功地完成了这个项目。空处修饰名词work，应填名词所有格，由two可知使用名词复数所有格days’，故填days’。 4．The __________ (president) attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. 【答案】president’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：总统亲自出席会议给了他们很大的鼓励。此处是动名词的复合结构one’s doing，one’s是动名词的逻辑主语，故填president’s。 5．In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the __________ (girl) decision to go to Elkhead. 【答案】girls’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：在威肯登的书中，她扩展了西方历史和女权主义，这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克黑德的决定。根据句意可知，不止一个女孩的决定，该句为复数名词所有格形式girls’。故填girls’。 6．You’ll hear these __________ (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 【答案】participants’ 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱。由空后stories为名词可知，此处为名词所有格修饰该名词，结合空前these可知，应为复数名词participants的所有格形式participants'。故填participants’。 6．There are many students living at school，the__________ (child) houses are all far from school． 【答案】children’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：有很多学生住在学校，孩子们的房子都离学校很远。由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，child的复数形式为children，其所有格children’s。故填children’s。 从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。 1．Today is September 10th. It’s ________ Day. Let’s say “Thank you” to our teachers. A．Teacher’s B．the Teachers’ C．Teachers D．Teachers’ 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：今天是9月10日。今天是教师节。让我们对我们的老师们说声“谢谢”。结合句意可知，今天是9月10号，是教师节。“教师节”的表达方式是Teachers’ Day，可数名词复数的所有格形式是在名词变复数后加’，所有格构成的专有名词前不加定冠词the。故选D。 2．__________ uncle is an engineer. A．Tom’s and Joan’s B．Tom’s and Joan C．Tom and Joan’ s D．Tom and Joan 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：汤姆和琼的叔叔是一位工程师。Tom’s and Joan’s表示两者各自的，Tom and Joan’ s表示两者共有的，根据后文的is可知，表示的是单数，应是两者共有的。故选C项。 3．________ the faulty data resulted in ________. A．Joanna’s getting; her to be punished B．Joanna’s getting; her being punished C．Joanna got; her to be punished D．Joanna getting; her being punished 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词结构。句意：乔安娜得到错误的数据导致她受到惩罚。根据句子结构和句意，句子的主语为“________ the faulty data”，应用动名词getting，动名词结构前加名词所有格，作其逻辑主语，故填Joanna’s getting。第二空考查前为谓语动词短语resulted in，后接动名词作宾语，动名词前可加物主代词her，punish与Joanna之间为动宾关系，应用动名词的被动语态being punished。故选B项。 4．Life in the following __________ time may be harder than before, but everyone should stick to his goals and make an effort to achieve them. A．three-months B．three month C．three months D．three months’ 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：接下来三个月的生活可能会比以前更艰难，但每个人都应该坚持自己的目标，并努力实现这些目标。根据后面的名词可知，空处需要名词所有格。three months’为名词所有格，表示“三个月的”。故选D。 5．The movie named A Little Red Flower shows ________ love for their children. A．parent B．parent’s C．parent’ D．parents’ 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这部名为《小红花》的电影展示了父母对他们孩子的爱。根据句意，这里说的是父母的爱，父母parents用复数形式，以s结尾的名词所有格直接加’。故选D项。 6．The post card is sent by __________. A．a friend of my father B．a friend of my father's C．my father friend D．my father friend's 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词所有格辨析。句意：这张明信片是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的。根据句意分析，此处表达“我的父亲的一个朋友”，应用双重所有格结构，a friend of my father's我父亲的一个朋友，符合题意。故选B项。 7．Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of __________. A．brotherhood B．brother C．brothers D．brotherly 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊；B. brother兄弟；C. brothers兄弟(复数)；D. brotherly兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together”(一起作战的士兵)可知，一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指“兄弟情谊”，应用名词brotherhood，故选A。 考向03 名词与其它词类的变化 1. （广东省广州市2023-2024学年高三阶段训练试卷）The film has raised the audiences’__________ (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture. 【答案】awareness 【解析】考查名词。句意：这部电影提高了观众的意识，增强了他们对中国文化的热爱和信仰。此处作宾语，应用名词awareness“意识”，不可数名词。故填awareness。 2. （24-25高三·云南曲靖·期末）‌“Brain rot” refers to ‌“the supposed worsening of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over __________ (consume) of material (now particularly online content) considered to be unimportant or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such worsening”. 【答案】consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意：“Brain rot”指的是“一个人精神或智力状态的假定恶化，尤其被视为过度消费被认为不重要或无挑战性的材料(现在尤其指在线内容)的结果”。提示词作介词of后宾语，用名词consumption，意为“消费”，不可数名词。故填consumption。 3.（2024·湖南永州·三模）Longji terraces are an important model of ancient Chinese water__________ (manage) and agricultural civilization that has been passed down to the present day. 【答案】management 【解析】句意：龙脊梯田是我国古代农业闻名和水利的重要典范，一直流传至今。此处作介词of的宾语，故应用名词“management管理”作表语，故填management。 4.（24-25高三下·浙江·阶段练习）China’s vice minister of Culture and Tourism, Rao Quan, who led the Chinese delegation at the UNESCO session, expressed gratitude for the _________(recognize). 【答案】recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国文化和旅游部副部长饶权，他带领中国代表团出席了联合国教科文组织会议，对这一认可表示感谢。定冠词“the”后接名词，“recognize”的名词形式是“recognition”，意为“认可；承认”，为不可数名词，故填recognition。 5.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In conclusion, Ne Zha 2 is a triumph of Chinese animation, a celebration of Chinese culture and a testament to the behind-the-scenes team’s unwavering __________ (commit) to exquisite craftsmanship. 【答案】commitment 【解析】考查名词。句意：总之，《哪吒2》是中国动画的一次胜利，是对中国文化的庆祝，也是幕后团队对精湛工艺坚定不移的承诺的证明。空处作介词to的宾语，应用名词形式，commitment“承诺”为不可数名词。故填commitment。 6.（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）However, the GBR is under threat. The exploitation of oil and gas is driving industrial __________ (expand) along much of the norther Queensland coast. 【答案】expansion 【解析】考查名词。句意：石油和天然气的开发正在推动昆士兰北部沿岸的大规模工业扩展。根据空前的industrial可知，空处需要名词作宾语。expand的名词形式为expansion“扩张”。故填expansion。 7.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）One professor explained, “In China, opera is an art requiring lifelong devotion and the effect of the performance largely depends on the actors’ inner______ (strong) and acting skills.” 【答案】strength 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位教授解释说：“在中国，歌剧是一门需要终身奉献的艺术，演出的效果很大程度上取决于演员的内心力量和演技。”作介词的宾语应用名词strength，不可数。故填strength。 8.（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟）In modern times, new genres (体裁) such as science fiction and fantasy have grown in __________ (popular), while electronic books are becoming increasingly popular. 【答案】popularity 【解析】考查名词。句意：在现代，科幻小说和奇幻小说等新体裁越来越受欢迎，而电子书也越来越受欢迎。空格处用名词popularity作宾语，popularity意为“受欢迎程度”，是不可数名词，故填popularity。 9.（2025高三上·全国·阶段练习）An anxious 18-year-old Peng Lanxi got his __________ (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26, bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and accessible to people like him. 【答案】admission 【解析】考查名词。句意：7月26日，焦虑的18岁的彭兰溪收到了湖南科技大学的录取通知书，这让他的梦想更加接近，他的梦想是让假肢更先进，更容易被像他这样的人使用。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。故填admission。 10.（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）The __________ (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people. 【答案】completion 【解析】考查名词。句意：该项目的完成不仅是一次环境胜利，也是中国人民坚韧不拔和浪漫情怀的象征。此处作主语，应用名词completion，表示“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。 11.（24-25高三上·重庆沙坪坝·开学考试）Guillaume Large, a 44-year-old from Bordeaux, France, turned to tai chi for (recover) after a sports injury over 20 years ago. 【答案】recovery 【导语】考查名词。句意：来自法国波尔多的44岁的纪尧姆·拉奇在20多年前的一次运动受伤后，开始打太极以恢复健康。作介词的宾语，应用名词recovery。故填recovery。 12.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She was convinced that the caves’ social importance far outweighed their economic potential and that scientific protection was the key to their__________ (survive). 【答案】survival 【解析】考查名词。句意：她深信这些石窟的社会重要性远远超过其经济潜力，并且科学保护是其生存的关键。survive是动词，空处需要名词形式为survival，由上文their修饰。故填survival。 13.（2024·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）For Qingzhi, a law student from Communication University of China, wearing hanfu to class every day gives her __________ (inspire). 【答案】inspiration 【解析】考查名词。句意：对于来自中国传媒大学的法律系学生清芝来说，每天穿着汉服上课给了她灵感。在形容词性物主代词her后，用不可数名词inspiration作动词gives的宾语。故填inspiration。 14.（2025·山西·模拟试题）More than 300 participants who were from international organizations, research institutes, universities and enterprises came together at the 6th International Agricultural Research Conference in Beijing on December 15,2022 to exchange ideas on how to make a __________ (contribute) to global food security, calling for more international cooperation in agriculture. 【答案】contribution 【解析】考查名词。句意：2022年12月15日，来自国际组织、研究机构、大学和企业的300多名代表齐聚北京，就如何为全球粮食安全做出贡献交换意见，呼吁加强农业领域的国际合作。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词作make的宾语，故填contribution。 15.（2025·江苏·模拟）This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the __________ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. 【答案】creativity 【解析】考查名词。句意：它代表了中国工匠的聪明才智和艺术卓越性。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式担当宾语。故填creativity。 考向04 名词的动化及数词生义 1. （2025年浙江卷1月·阅读理解C篇）Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden and even some of the designing. 【熟词】重物搬运 【生义】承担主要工作 【译文】这种方法的目的是让大自然在花园里承担更多的重担，甚至承担一些设计工作。分析：heavy形容词，由名词heaviness“重量”转化而来；lifting动名词。lift名词“举起”，动词“承担”。短语整体动词化，“承担主要工作”。语境含义：将园艺劳动比喻为体力劳动，强调自然的主导作用。 2. （2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The river mirrors the surrounding mountains. 【熟词】镜子 【生义】反射，映照 【译文】这条河映照着周围的山。 3. （2024年全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）The bank raised its interest rates sharply. 【熟词】兴趣 【生义】利息；利益集团 【译文】银行大幅提高利率。 4. （2024年北京卷·七选五）He was drafted into the army in 1943. 【熟词】草稿 【生义】征兵；通风 【译文】他于1943年被征入伍。 5. （2024年上海卷·翻译）The spy planted a listening device. 【熟词】植物 【生义】暗中放置；工厂； 【译文】间谍安装了一个监听装置。 6. （2024年全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇）The app gamifies language learning by awarding points. 【熟词】game游戏 【生义】game（游戏）+后缀-ify，使游戏化 【译文】这款应用通过奖励积分将语言学习游戏化。 7. （2024年浙江卷·完形填空）She shouldered the responsibility alone. 【熟词】肩膀 【生义】承担 【译文】她独自承担了责任。同类如elbow（肘--推，挤）；finger（手指--触碰） 8.（2022年北京卷·阅读理解D篇）Scientists harvested data from satellites. 【熟词】名词：收获 【生义】动词：采集（数据、信息） 【译文】科学家们从卫星上收集数据。 9. （2021年全国乙卷·语法填空）New ideas sprang up during the discussion. 【熟词】春天；弹簧 【生义】涌现；突然出现。spring from“源于”，spring to mind突然想到。 【译文】讨论中产生了新的想法。 10. （2021年上海卷·翻译）It was a capital mistake! 【熟词】首都；资本 【生义】极好的；致命的 【译文】这是一个致命的错误！ 题型一 语法填空 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The mobile nature of the machine made it the perfect production machine to serve customers attending outdoor sporting events, or circuses and __________ (fair). 【答案】fairs 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会的客户服务。fair意为“博览会”，为可数名词，根据“outdoor sporting events, or circuses”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填fairs。 2.“With the __________ (cooperate) and assistance from ground controllers and the space station’s robotic arm, the team completed all their assigned tasks successfully,” the agency said. 【答案】cooperation 【解析】考查名词。句意：“在地面控制人员和空间站机械臂的配合和协助下，该团队完成功成了所有分配的任务，”该机构说。空处和名词assistance并列，应填名词形式，作介词With的宾语，cooperation“合作”，不可数名词，故填cooperation。 3.Huang Anjing, Editor in Chief of Yaowen Jiaozi, told Dazhong Daily newspaper that the annual buzzword selection aims to capture wide-ranging __________ (shift) in politics, the economy, culture and daily life. 【答案】shifts 【解析】考查名词。句意：《咬文嚼字》主编黄安靖告诉《大众日报》，年度流行语的选择旨在捕捉政治、经济、文化和日常生活等广泛领域的变化。可数名词shift作宾语，意为“变化”，根据后文“in politics, the economy, culture and daily life”可知，变化不止一个，应用复数形式。故填shifts。 4.The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the __________ (country) vast rural areas. 【答案】country’s 【解析】考查所有格。句意：这辆巴士不是任何形式的表演团体，而是由教育部、中国科技馆和一个社交媒体平台联合组织的移动科学班，旨在向广大农村地区的孩子们播下科学热情的种子。此处country与areas构成所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。 5. Despite his initial thought of adjusting the recipe to meet the tastes of foreigners, Guo took the suggestion from his mother- in- law to keep the original one that had been perfect for 850 years and gained __________ (accept) beyond his imagination. 【答案】acceptance 【解析】考查名词。句意：尽管他最初的想法是调整配方以满足外国人的口味，但郭接受了岳母的建议，保留了850年来完美的原始配方，并获得了超出他想象的接受。作动词的宾语，应用不可数名词acceptance，故填acceptance。 6. The exhibition vividly describes the history of human origins, the __________ (form) of Chinese civilization and its development within the boundaries of China. 【答案】formation 【解析】考查名词。句意：展览生动地描述了人类起源的历史、中华文明的形成及其在中国境内的发展。由the和of可知，空格处用名词，form的名词是formation，意为“形成”，是不可数名词，故填formation。 7. Hunan Cuisine, on the other hand, is famous for its bold and burning flavors, which features the __________ (combine) of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic to create a powerful and intense spicy taste. 【答案】combination 【解析】考查名词。句意：另一方面，湘菜以其大胆和辛辣的口味而闻名，它的特点是将新鲜的辣椒和大蒜结合在一起，创造出强烈的辛辣味道。根据the和of fresh chilies (辣椒) and garlic可知，空处应用名词combination(不可数)，作宾语。故填combination。 8. Another standout feature of the CR450 is its exceptional energy efficiency. The train’s running (resist) has been reduced by 22 percent and its weight cut by 10percent, leading to improved fuel efficiency. 【答案】resistance 【解析】考查名词。句意：列车的运行阻力降低了22%，重量减轻了10%，从而提高了燃油效率。分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给词的名词形式作主语。故填resistance。 9.They have also incorporated the latest technology __________ (breakthrough) into the development process. 【答案】breakthroughs 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：他们还将最新的技术突破融入到开发过程中。空格处需要名词作宾语，“突破”不止一个，应用复数形式。故填breakthroughs。 10.But what makes this Asian renaissance? The answer lies in a unique blend of visionary leadership, economic growth and a culture of discipline and __________ (persevere). 【答案】perseverance 【解析】考查名词。句意：答案在于有远见的领导、经济增长以及自律和坚持不懈的文化之间的独特结合。空处与discipline构成并列关系，需用名词形式，所给词persevere为动词，其名词形式为perseverance，意为“坚持不懈”。故填perseverance。 题型二 阅读中的名词动化及熟词生义 阅读下面句子，理解划线单词的词意及句意。 1.（2023年全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇）The team conducted a 5-year study on climate change. 【熟词】名词：行为，举止 【生义】动词：实施，进行。 【译文】该小组对气候变化进行了为期5年的研究。 2.（2023年浙江卷·七选五）The mayor promised to address the pollution issue. 【熟词】名词：地址 【生义】动词：解决，处理（问题）。 【译文】市长承诺解决污染问题。 3.（2022年新高考I卷·完形填空）The government refused yield to pressure. 【熟词】名词：产量 【生义】动词：屈服，让步 【译文】政府拒绝屈服于压力。 4. I don’t know the answer, let me Google it. 【熟词】谷歌（公司名） 【生义】动词化，用谷歌搜索 【译文】我不知道答案，让我用谷歌搜索一下。 5. She microwaved the leftovers for lunch. 【熟词】微波炉 【生义】动词化，用微波炉加热 【译文】她把剩菜用微波炉加热，作为午餐。 6. We Ubered to the airport. 【熟词】优步（打车平台） 【生义】动词化，用优步叫车 【译文】我们打车去了机场。 7. We The committee tabled the proposal for further discussion. 【熟词】桌子 【生义】动词化，搁置（提案等） 【译文】委员会将该提案搁置，以供进一步讨论。 8. They hatched a plan to escape. 【熟词】舱门 【生义】动词化，策划（计划）等 【译文】他们制定了逃跑的计划。 9. His anger clouded his judgement. 【熟词】云 【生义】动词化,使模糊/混淆 【译文】他的愤怒使他判断力模糊。 10. The policy bridges the gap between rich and poor. 【熟词】桥梁 【生义】动词化，架起桥梁，弥合 【译文】这项政策缩小了贫富差距。 1.（2025年浙江首考·阅读理解C篇）Eschewing fertilizers（化肥）and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does. 【熟词】花园 【生义】从事园艺活动 【译文】它不使用化肥和电动工具，而是基于一个优雅而简单的原理：像大自然一样种植。 2.（2025年浙江首考·语法填空）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___61___ (solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】solution 【解析】考查名词。句意Tanya的店铺提供女性租用而非直接购买的时尚服装，为一次性活动的着装提供了一个更便宜的解决。根据冠词a及形容词less expensive可知此处应用名词。动词solve去e+-tion，故填solution. 3.（2023年全国乙卷·语法填空）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural __________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】wonders 【解析】考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 4.（2022年新高考I卷·语法填空）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate__________ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】populations 【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 5.(2022年全国甲卷·语法填空） Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental __________ (protect). 【答案】protection 【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 6. (2021年新高考II卷·语法填空 ）A company __________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 7.（2023年浙江1月卷·语法填空）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic __________ (event). 【答案】events 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。 8.（2022浙江1月卷·语法填空） Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. When the answer was no, she declined the __________ (invite). 【答案】invitation 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：科布为她的聚会开始询问会议组织者，他们邀请她是否可以远程发言；大约四分之三的时间，他们同意了。当答案是否定的时，她拒绝了邀请。根据空格前的the可知，空格处需要填名词，且invitation为不可数名词，应用复数形式。故填invitation。 9. (2021全国甲卷·语法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 【答案】watchtowers 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。 10. （2022浙江6月卷· 语法填空）John Olson, a former __________ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models. 【答案】photographer 【解析】photographer 【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$