(复习部分)专题01 名词-【暑假自学课】2025年新七年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制2024)

2025-06-05
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 781 KB
发布时间 2025-06-05
更新时间 2025-06-23
作者 露从今夜白
品牌系列 上好课·暑假轻松学
审核时间 2025-06-05
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/52448686.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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专题01 名词 内容导航 考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢 重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺 难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升 复习提升:真题感知,聚焦中考,全面突破 核心考点聚焦 表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。 名词 ( 考点一 名词的种类 ) 名词的种类 一般把名词分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。普通名词又包括个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。 专有名词是指:个人、事物、机构等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。首字母要大写。 个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单个的人或事物; 集体名词,如:family,class,police, team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体; 物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种无法区分个体的物质,原材料; 抽象名词,如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、情感、品质的抽象概念。 【注意】有的集体名词,有时作单数看,谓语用单数;有时作复数看,用复数。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,提及它的成员时作复数看。 e.g. His family isn’t large.他家不大。(指整个家庭,作单数看) His family are all music lovers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。(指家庭成员,作复数看) 1. (2023年娄底语法填空节选)My parents did all the ___ __(chore). 2. (2022年潍坊语法填空节选)The ___ __(name)in red ink are people who live in London. 3. (2023年江苏淮安词汇运用改编)Usually, we take some _________ (tool) to different places to do some cleaning. ( 考点二 名词的数 ) 可数名词都有单数和复数之分; 不可数名词没有复数形式。 一、 可数名词。可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。 1.规则的可数名词的复数变化规则如下表: 构成方式 例 词 一般在词尾加-s desk→desks ; tree→trees 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es brush→brushes ; watch→watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 把y变为i, 再加-es factory→factories; family→families 以f或fe结尾的词, 一般把f或fe改为v, 再加-es knife→knives  ;leaf→leaves 【注意】以o结尾的名词,多数加-es e.g. hero—heroes 但也有只加-s e.g. piano—pianos 注:以 o 结尾的名词,我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式: 指人和农作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. (或者是有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s) 初中阶段常见的:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes 2.不规则的可数名词的变化规则: 有些可数名词的复数形式没有规则, 不能在其后加-s或-es。不规则复数形式主要有如下几种情况: ①变内部元音字母: man—men   woman—women tooth—teeth foot—feet goose—geese mouse—mice ②词尾加-(r)en: child—children ox—oxen ③单复数同形: sheep  deer  Chinese  Japanese 3.复合名词的复数形式 1)将复合名词中的主题名词变为复数形式 e.g. new-comer—new-comers; boy friend—boy friends 2)以man或woman开头的复合词,名词都要变为复数形式 e.g. man-doctor—men-doctors 【注意】fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式是fishes, 表示条数而不强调种类时, 单复数同形用fish。 There are many kinds of fishes in this river. 这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。 I caught five fish today. 我今天捉了5条鱼。 4.有些名词常用复数形式或只有复数没有单数。 e.g. trousers,clothes,glasses,pants, chopsticks,people. 成双成对出现的名词多用pair修饰表达数量,如,a pair of glasses. 有一些名词是成双、成对出现的, 这些名词常用pair来修饰。 a pair of glasses一副眼镜 a pair of trousers一条裤子 a pair of shoes一双鞋 a pair of gloves一副手套 a pair of pants一条裤子 a pair of shorts一条短裤 二、不可数名词。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。 不可数名词不能与a/an和数词连用。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…。需表示数量时,常用表示量的词或短语 a piece of 一片,一块 a cup of一杯 a bottle of一瓶 a bag of一袋 a glass of一玻璃杯 【注意1】有些名词既可以是可数名词又可以是不可数名词,意义不同。如, time,不可数名词意为“时间”,可数名词意为“次数,倍数”;chicken,不可数名词意为“鸡肉”,可数名词意为“鸡”。 【注意2】抽象名词看成具体的事物时一般看作是可数名词,如,pleasure 令人快乐的事,surprise令人惊讶的事,worry令人担忧的事,success成功的事。 三、名词的修饰语 只修饰可数名词:few, a few, many, a (large) number of 等; 只修饰不可数名词:little, a little, much, a (large) amount of 等; 既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词:some,any,lots of, a lot of,plenty of 等 1.(2023年江苏淮安词汇运用)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our _________ (hero). 2(2023年济南阅读填空节选).So, I started working for three ____47____ (family) living across the street. 3.(2023年青岛词汇运用)We shouldn’t compare our clothes or shoes with our ________ (同学). 答案:classmates 4.(2023年日照语法填空节选) After seven ________ (month)of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot, ( 考点三 名词的格(名词所有格) ) 一、’s所有格 构成方法 例句 单数名词一般在词尾加’s The girl’s school bag is nice. 那个女孩的书包很漂亮。 以s结尾的复数名词直接加’ The teachers’ office is over there. 老师们的办公室在那里。 不以s结尾的复数名词加’s There are many children’s books in the shop. 在这家商店里有许多儿童读物。 【注意】如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有,则在每个名词后都加’s。 e.g. These are Tom and Jack’s books.(两个人共有) These are Tom’s and Jack’s books.(分别所有) This is Tom and Peter’s room. 这是汤姆和彼得共同的房间。 These are Tom’s and Peter’s shoes. 这些是汤姆和彼得的鞋子。 二、of所有格。 表示所有关系的of短语的用法 用of短语表示所有关系,主要用于无生命的东西 e.g. the door of the room a map of the world一张世界地图 有时of短语也可以用于表示有生命的东西 e.g. the son of an engineer the children of that family那家的孩子们 三、 双重所有格。 ’s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起, 构成了双重所有格。双重所有格是一种表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的结构,它含有强调或者突出的作用,其结构是“of短语+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”,其含义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分” a good friend of mine我的一个好朋友 a friend of Henry’s亨利的一个朋友 (2019山东临沂)If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two_________ drive from my house to the airport. A. hours' B. hour's C. hours 1. Daming has collected 5,000 _____. A. bus tickets                 B. buses ticket C. bus ticket                       D. buses tickets 2._____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and ________ them are women teachers. A. A number of, a number of        B. A number of , the number of C. The number of , a number of     D. The number of, the number of 3.﹣What a good ________ you've given me!Thanks a lot. ﹣My pleasure. A.information B.news C.suggestion D.advice 4.-Are you sure this is a photo _______, the famous comedy actress? -It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's 5.. -- When is _____ Day? -- It’s on June 1st, Dave. A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s 6. There is a nice picture in the little ______ bedroom. She likes it very much. A. girl B. girls C. girl’s D. girls’ 7. — Lucy, you look so excited. Why? — I will have a _______ holiday. A. two-week B. two weeks C. two-weeks D. two week’s 8.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few 9.All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man            B. men        C. woman          D. women 10.–I’d like __________ grapes and pears. –Oh, I only need _________ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few 11.—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?  —No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.  A. brother   B. brother’s   C. brothers’ D brothers 12.—It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.  —Yes. It’s said that _______ is enough.  A. fifteen minutes drive    B. fifteen-minutes drive  C. fifteen minute’s drive   D. fifteen minutes’ drive 13.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______. A. some rice   B. a few rice    C. a little rices   D. a rice 14.My teacher gave me much _______ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.  A. advice   B. question    C. suggestion   D. problem 15.—Excuse me, is the museum far from here?  —No, it’s about _______.  A. 5 minutes walk  B. 5 minute walk  C. 5 minutes’ walk D. 5 minute’s walk 真题感知 一、单项选择 1.(2024年滨州完形填空节选)“Dad can you see the ceremony?” “Yes, I see it!” said the father with ________. A. courage B. excitement C. choice D. fear 2.(2024年东营单项选择)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A. meals B. exams C. sleep D. exercise 3.(2024年菏泽单项选择) —My holiday was terrible because of the heavy ________. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. A. rain B. work C. traffic 4.(2024年菏泽完形填空节选)Then my father stayed in our car, and I got on the truck. Later I learned the ______ of the truck driver. A. work B. story C. address 5.(2024年泰安完形填空节选)It may come as no surprise that this animal-loving postman has ________ dogs and cats at home. A. a few B. a little C. kind of 6.(2024年威海完形填空节选)All visitors must be recorded at the Duma Gate. They should hire (雇佣) a trained ______ to take them around the reserve. A. keeper B. guide C. tourist 7.(2024年济南市完形填空节选)When I started I didn’t think about ________ , I just enjoyed running. A. speed B. health C. safety D. victory 8.(2023年菏泽单项选择) —What club do you want to join? —I want to join a ________ club. I can sing and dance. A. sports B. music C. chess 9. (2023年青岛单项选择)Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training. A. policeman B. musician C. nurse D. pilot 10.(2022年东营单项选择)The nap during the lunch break helps us have more _________ in the afternoon. A. luck B. wealth C. energy D. courage 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024年滨州词汇运用节选)But how did the dragon become one of the twelve ______ (animal) in the Chinese zodiac (生肖)? 2.(2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编)Jane is of medium ________ (high), and she has curly hair. 3. (2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编)The teacher’s ________ (kind) has changed me a lot. 4.(2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编) It’s necessary for you to learn to make your own ________ (choose). 5. (2024年威海语法填空节选)She believes in the ___35___ (important) of people knowing where their food comes from. 6(2023年浙江湖州单词拼写改编).Rabbits have many amazing ________ (ability). 7.(2023年浙江湖州单词语法填空节选)Also, it is such a golden season for ________ (fisherman)! 8.(2025年济南市高新区二模阅读填空节选) Different dialects play an important part in different ._________ (area). 9.(2025年济南市历下区二模阅读填空节选)"Well, it took me a few 23._________(day) of searching,--- 10.(2025年济南市高新区一模阅读填空节选)She had trouble making 66.______ (friend) and she couldn’t connect with her host family. 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 名词 内容导航 考点聚焦:核心考点+中考考点,有的放矢 重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺 难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升 复习提升:真题感知,聚焦中考,全面突破 核心考点聚焦 表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。 名词 ( 考点一 名词的种类 ) 名词的种类 一般把名词分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。普通名词又包括个体名词,集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。 专有名词是指:个人、事物、机构等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America…它们是不能随意变动的。首字母要大写。 个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单个的人或事物; 集体名词,如:family,class,police, team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体; 物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种无法区分个体的物质,原材料; 抽象名词,如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、情感、品质的抽象概念。 【注意】有的集体名词,有时作单数看,谓语用单数;有时作复数看,用复数。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,提及它的成员时作复数看。 e.g. His family isn’t large.他家不大。(指整个家庭,作单数看) His family are all music lovers.他家的人都喜欢音乐。(指家庭成员,作复数看) 1. (2023年娄底语法填空节选)My parents did all the ___ __(chore). 答案:chores 解析:句意:我父母做所有的家务。all后加名词复数chores“家务”。故填chores。 2. (2022年潍坊语法填空节选)The ___ __(name)in red ink are people who live in London. 答案:names 解析:句意:用红墨水写的是住在伦敦的人。根据are可知,此空应填名词复数形式,故填names。 3. (2023年江苏淮安词汇运用改编)Usually, we take some _________ (tool) to different places to do some cleaning. 答案:tools 解析:句意:通常,我们会带一些工具去不同的地方做一些清洁。根据“take some...”以及所给词可知是带着一些工具,tools“工具”符合。故填tools。 ( 考点二 名词的数 ) 可数名词都有单数和复数之分; 不可数名词没有复数形式。 一、 可数名词。可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。 1.规则的可数名词的复数变化规则如下表: 构成方式 例 词 一般在词尾加-s desk→desks ; tree→trees 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es brush→brushes ; watch→watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词, 把y变为i, 再加-es factory→factories; family→families 以f或fe结尾的词, 一般把f或fe改为v, 再加-es knife→knives  ;leaf→leaves 【注意】以o结尾的名词,多数加-es e.g. hero—heroes 但也有只加-s e.g. piano—pianos 注:以 o 结尾的名词,我们可按下面一条规律来记住它们的复数形式: 指人和农作物的加 -es、其他的加 -s. (或者是有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s) 初中阶段常见的:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes 2.不规则的可数名词的变化规则: 有些可数名词的复数形式没有规则, 不能在其后加-s或-es。不规则复数形式主要有如下几种情况: ①变内部元音字母: man—men   woman—women tooth—teeth foot—feet goose—geese mouse—mice ②词尾加-(r)en: child—children ox—oxen ③单复数同形: sheep  deer  Chinese  Japanese 3.复合名词的复数形式 1)将复合名词中的主题名词变为复数形式 e.g. new-comer—new-comers; boy friend—boy friends 2)以man或woman开头的复合词,名词都要变为复数形式 e.g. man-doctor—men-doctors 【注意】fish表示鱼的种类时复数形式是fishes, 表示条数而不强调种类时, 单复数同形用fish。 There are many kinds of fishes in this river. 这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼。 I caught five fish today. 我今天捉了5条鱼。 4.有些名词常用复数形式或只有复数没有单数。 e.g. trousers,clothes,glasses,pants, chopsticks,people. 成双成对出现的名词多用pair修饰表达数量,如,a pair of glasses. 有一些名词是成双、成对出现的, 这些名词常用pair来修饰。 a pair of glasses一副眼镜 a pair of trousers一条裤子 a pair of shoes一双鞋 a pair of gloves一副手套 a pair of pants一条裤子 a pair of shorts一条短裤 二、不可数名词。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。 不可数名词不能与a/an和数词连用。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…。需表示数量时,常用表示量的词或短语 a piece of 一片,一块 a cup of一杯 a bottle of一瓶 a bag of一袋 a glass of一玻璃杯 【注意1】有些名词既可以是可数名词又可以是不可数名词,意义不同。如, time,不可数名词意为“时间”,可数名词意为“次数,倍数”;chicken,不可数名词意为“鸡肉”,可数名词意为“鸡”。 【注意2】抽象名词看成具体的事物时一般看作是可数名词,如,pleasure 令人快乐的事,surprise令人惊讶的事,worry令人担忧的事,success成功的事。 三、名词的修饰语 只修饰可数名词:few, a few, many, a (large) number of 等; 只修饰不可数名词:little, a little, much, a (large) amount of 等; 既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词:some,any,lots of, a lot of,plenty of 等 1.(2023年江苏淮安词汇运用)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our _________ (hero). 答案:heroes 解析:句意:景海鹏和他的团队正在空间站工作。他们是我们的英雄。根据“They’re”可知此处用名词复数heroes“英雄”。故填heroes。 2(2023年济南阅读填空节选).So, I started working for three ____47____ (family) living across the street. 答案:families 解析:句意:于是,我开始为住在街对面的三户人家打工。three修饰可数名词复数,故填families。 3.(2023年青岛词汇运用)We shouldn’t compare our clothes or shoes with our ________ (同学). 答案:classmates 解析:句意:我们不应该和同学比较我们的衣服或鞋子。classmate“同学”,此处表示复数含义,使用名词复数形式,故填classmates。 4.(2023年日照语法填空节选) After seven ________ (month)of full backpacking in Africa from Cape Town to Cairo, I realized having a student-like mind helped me learn a lot, 答案:months 解析:句意:在非洲从开普敦到开罗的七个月的背包旅行中,我意识到有一颗学生的心帮助我学到了很多东西,这比我以往任何一次旅行都更让我满意。month是可数名词,位于seven后,应用复数名词,故填months。 ( 考点三 名词的格(名词所有格) ) 一、’s所有格 构成方法 例句 单数名词一般在词尾加’s The girl’s school bag is nice. 那个女孩的书包很漂亮。 以s结尾的复数名词直接加’ The teachers’ office is over there. 老师们的办公室在那里。 不以s结尾的复数名词加’s There are many children’s books in the shop. 在这家商店里有许多儿童读物。 【注意】如果一样东西为几个人所共有,则在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有,则在每个名词后都加’s。 e.g. These are Tom and Jack’s books.(两个人共有) These are Tom’s and Jack’s books.(分别所有) This is Tom and Peter’s room. 这是汤姆和彼得共同的房间。 These are Tom’s and Peter’s shoes. 这些是汤姆和彼得的鞋子。 二、of所有格。 表示所有关系的of短语的用法 用of短语表示所有关系,主要用于无生命的东西 e.g. the door of the room a map of the world一张世界地图 有时of短语也可以用于表示有生命的东西 e.g. the son of an engineer the children of that family那家的孩子们 三、 双重所有格。 ’s所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起, 构成了双重所有格。双重所有格是一种表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的结构,它含有强调或者突出的作用,其结构是“of短语+名词所有格或名词性物主代词”,其含义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分” a good friend of mine我的一个好朋友 a friend of Henry’s亨利的一个朋友 (2019山东临沂)If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two_________ drive from my house to the airport. A. hours' B. hour's C. hours 答案:A 解析:本题考查名词所有格。“two hours' drive”表示“两小时的车程”。因为“two”修饰可数名词复数,“hour”的复数形式是“hours”。 以“s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,直接在词尾加“'”,所以“两小时的”用“two hours'”来表示。故答案选A。 1. Daming has collected 5,000 _____. A. bus tickets                 B. buses ticket C. bus ticket                       D. buses tickets 答案:A 解析:“bus ticket”意为“公共汽车票”,是可数名词,其复数形式是“bus tickets”。“5,000”修饰可数名词复数,所以选A。 2._____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and ________ them are women teachers. A. A number of, a number of        B. A number of , the number of C. The number of , a number of     D. The number of, the number of 答案:C 解析:“the number of +可数名词复数”表示“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“a number of +可数名词复数”表示“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。根据题意,“他们学校老师的数量大约是200”,用“the number of”;“他们中的许多是女老师”,用“a number of”,故选C。 3.﹣What a good ________ you've given me!Thanks a lot. ﹣My pleasure. A.information B.news C.suggestion D.Advice 答案:C 解析:“information”“news”“advice”均为不可数名词,“suggestion”是可数名词。“a good +可数名词单数”,所以选C。 4.-Are you sure this is a photo _______, the famous comedy actress? -It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's 答案:C 解析:“a photo of +某人”表示“某人的一张照片”,照片上的人是 Jia Ling。“a photo of Jia Ling's”是双重所有格,意为“贾玲拥有的照片中的一张”,不符合题意,故选C。 5.-- When is _____ Day? -- It’s on June 1st, Dave. A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s 答案:D 解析:“Children's Day”表示“儿童节”,是固定用法,故选D。 6. There is a nice picture in the little ______ bedroom. She likes it very much. A. girl B. girls C. girl’s D. girls’ 答案:C 解析:“in the little girl's bedroom”表示“在这个小女孩的卧室里”,用名词所有格,“girl”的所有格是“girl's”,故选C。 7. — Lucy, you look so excited. Why? — I will have a _______ holiday. A. two-week B. two weeks C. two-weeks D. two week’s 答案:A 解析:“a two - week holiday”表示“一个两周的假期”,“two - week”是复合形容词,作定语,修饰“holiday”,中间用连字符连接,名词用单数,故选A。 8.The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few 答案:C 解析:“news”是不可数名词,“many”“a few”“few”修饰可数名词复数,“much”修饰不可数名词,故选C。 9.All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man            B. men        C. woman          D. women 答案:D 解析:根据“on March 8th”可知是妇女节,是女老师的节日,“woman”的复数是“women”,作定语修饰“teachers”,故选D。 10.–I’d like __________ grapes and pears. –Oh, I only need _________ orange juice. A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few 答案:B 解析:“grapes and pears”是可数名词复数,“a few”修饰可数名词复数,表示“一些”;“orange juice”是不可数名词,“some”既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词,故选B。 11.—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?  —No, it’s my ______. He left it there just now.  A. brother   B. brother’s   C. brothers’ D brothers 答案:B 解析:根据“He left it there just now.”可知,书包是“我弟弟的”,表示所属关系,用名词所有格,“brother”的所有格是“brother's”,故选B。 12.—It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.  —Yes. It’s said that _______ is enough.  A. fifteen minutes drive    B. fifteen-minutes drive  C. fifteen minute’s drive   D. fifteen minutes’ drive 答案:D 解析:“fifteen minutes’ drive”表示“十五分钟的车程”。“fifteen minutes”是复数,以“s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,直接在词尾加“'”,用来表示车程的所属关系,故选D。 13.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______. A. some rice   B. a few rice    C. a little rices   D. a rice 答案:A 解析:“rice”是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能用“a few”修饰,“a little”修饰不可数名词时表示“一点儿”,但通常不说“a little rices”,“a rice”的表达也是错误的,“some”可修饰不可数名词,所以选A,表示“一些米饭”。 14.My teacher gave me much _______ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.  A. advice   B. question    C. suggestion   D. problem 答案:A 解析:“much”修饰不可数名词。“advice”是不可数名词,意为“建议”;“question”和“problem”是可数名词,“suggestion”也是可数名词,常用搭配是“a piece of advice”表示“一条建议”,这里“much advice”表示“很多建议”,故选A。 15.—Excuse me, is the museum far from here?  —No, it’s about _______.  A. 5 minutes walk  B. 5 minute walk  C. 5 minutes’ walk D. 5 minute’s walk 答案:C 解析:“5 minutes’ walk”表示“五分钟的步行路程”。“5 minutes”是复数,其所有格形式是在词尾加“'”,用来表示距离的所属关系,故选C。 真题感知 一、单项选择 1.(2024年滨州完形填空节选)“Dad can you see the ceremony?” “Yes, I see it!” said the father with ________. A. courage B. excitement C. choice D. fear 答案:B 解析:句意:“是的,我看到了!”父亲兴奋地说。 courage勇气;excitement兴奋;choice选择;fear恐惧。根据下文“The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag-raising ceremony at Tian’anmen Square someday”可知,父亲的愿望是在天安门广场看升旗,当他看到升旗仪式时是兴奋的。故选B。 2.(2024年东营单项选择)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ________. A. meals B. exams C. sleep D. exercise 答案:A 解析:句意:——根据The Brain Science of Exam一书,当你饿的时候,你的大脑会更活跃。——真有趣!所以为了更好地记住事情,我们可以在饭前学习。 考查名词辨析。meals餐,饭;exams考试;sleep睡眠;exercise锻炼。根据“your brain is more active when you are hungry”可知,饥饿的时候大脑更活跃,所以为了更好地记住事情,可以在饭前学习。故选A。 3.(2024年菏泽单项选择) —My holiday was terrible because of the heavy ________. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. A. rain B. work C. traffic 答案:C 解析:句意:——由于交通拥挤,我的假期糟透了。——我同意!路上的车太多了。 考查名词辨析。rain雨;work工作;traffic交通。根据“There were too many cars on the road.”可知,路上的车太多了,所以交通拥堵,故选C。 4.(2024年菏泽完形填空节选)Then my father stayed in our car, and I got on the truck. Later I learned the ______ of the truck driver. A. work B. story C. address 答案:B 解析:句意:后来我知道了卡车司机的故事。 work工作;story故事;address地址。根据“Later I learned the...of the truck driver.”可知,知道了卡车司机的故事。故选B。 5.(2024年泰安完形填空节选)It may come as no surprise that this animal-loving postman has ________ dogs and cats at home. A. a few B. a little C. kind of 答案:A 解析:句意:这位热爱动物的邮递员家里有几只狗和猫,这并不奇怪。 a few几个,修饰可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词;kind of有点。此处修饰可数名词复数dogs用a few。故选A。 6.(2024年威海完形填空节选)All visitors must be recorded at the Duma Gate. They should hire (雇佣) a trained ______ to take them around the reserve. A. keeper B. guide C. tourist 答案:B 解析:句意:他们应该雇佣一名训练有素的导游带他们游览保护区。 keeper饲养员;guide导游;tourist游客。根据“take them around the reserve”可知,雇佣导游,故选B。 7.(2024年济南市完形填空节选)When I started I didn’t think about ________ , I just enjoyed running. A. speed B. health C. safety D. victory 答案:A 解析:句意:开始时,我并没有考虑速度,我只享受跑步。 speed速度;health健康;safety安全;victory胜利。根据“I just enjoyed running. After one or two miles I would stop and walk”可知只享受跑步,不在意跑步速度。故选A。 8.(2023年菏泽单项选择) —What club do you want to join? —I want to join a ________ club. I can sing and dance. A. sports B. music C. chess 答案:B 解析:句意:——你想参加什么俱乐部?——我想加入音乐俱乐部。我会唱歌和跳舞。 考查名词辨析。sports运动;music音乐;chess国际象棋。根据“I can sing and dance.”可知,会唱歌和跳舞,所以加入音乐俱乐部。故选B。 9. (2023年青岛单项选择)Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training. A. policeman B. musician C. nurse D. pilot 答案: D 解析:句意:在驾驶飞机之前,飞行员必须接受大量的训练。 考查名词辨析。policeman警察;musician音乐家;nurse护士;pilot飞行员。根据“Before flying a plane”可知驾驶飞机的是飞行员。故选D。 10.(2022年东营单项选择)The nap during the lunch break helps us have more _________ in the afternoon. A. luck B. wealth C. energy D. courage 答案是C。 解析:“energy”是“精力;能量”的意思。午休能够让人们在下午恢复精力,变得更有活力,所以“have more energy”(有更多精力)符合语境。 - D选项:“courage”意为“勇气”,午休和勇气的提升没有直接关联,D选项不合适。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024年滨州词汇运用节选)But how did the dragon become one of the twelve ______ (animal) in the Chinese zodiac (生肖)? 答案:animals 解析:句意:但是龙是如何成为中国十二生肖中的十二种动物之一的呢?animal“动物”,可数名词,被twelve修饰,用其复数形式。故填animals。 2.(2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编)Jane is of medium ________ (high), and she has curly hair. 答案:height 解析:句意:简中等身材,她有一头卷发。be of medium height表示“中等身高”。故填height。 3. (2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编)The teacher’s ________ (kind) has changed me a lot. 答案:kindness 解析:句意:老师的善良使我改变了很多。空处在句中作主语,且位于名词所有格后面,需用名词形式。kindness“善良”,名词。故填kindness。 4.(2024济宁单词拼写与运用改编) It’s necessary for you to learn to make your own ________ (choose). 答案:choices 解析:句意:你有必要学会自己做选择。choice“选择”,可数名词,应用复数表示泛指。故填choices。 5. (2024年威海语法填空节选)She believes in the ______ (important) of people knowing where their food comes from. 答案:importance 解析: 句意:她相信人们知道食物来源的重要性。根据“believes in the”可知,需要名词,importance“重要性”符合句意,故填importance。 6(2023年浙江湖州单词拼写改编).Rabbits have many amazing ________ (ability). 答案:abilities 解析:句意:兔子有许多惊人的能力。ability“能力”,根据many可知,此空应填复数形式,故填abilities。 7.(2023年浙江湖州单词语法填空节选)Also, it is such a golden season for ________ (fisherman)! 答案:fishermen 解析:句意:此外,这也是渔民的黄金季节。fisherman“渔民”,可数名词,此空应填复数形式表示泛指,故填fishermen。 8.(2025年济南市高新区二模阅读填空节选) Different dialects play an important part in different ._________ (area). 答案:areas 解析: “different”后接可数名词复数,表示不同地地区,“area”变为“areas”。 9.(2025年济南市历下区二模阅读填空节选) "Well, it took me a few 23._________(day) of searching,--- 答案:days 解析:a few表示“一些,几个” ,后接可数名词复数,day的复数形式是days 。 10.(2025年济南市高新区一模阅读填空节选)She had trouble making 66.______ (friend) and she couldn’t connect with her host family. 答案:friends 解析:make friends 是固定搭配,意为“交朋友”,用复数形式 friends。 【归纳总结】名词考查重点和考查形式 通过分析近几年各地市中考题可以看出,名词考查重点主要集中在以下三个方面: 1. 名词词义辨析 考查形式:多以单选题和完形填空题形式呈现。 考查要点:要求考生根据语境准确区分不同名词的含义。 示例:2024年菏泽单项选择 —My holiday was terrible because of the heavy ________. —I agree! There were too many cars on the road. A. rain B. work C. traffic 根据答语“路上车太多”可知,此处应选C“traffic”(交通) 。 2. 构词法 考查形式:常出现在语篇语法填空或单句词汇运用等题型中。 考查要点:主要考查其他词性(如形容词、动词等)转换为名词的形式,需注意词形变化规则及固定搭配。 示例:2024年威海语法填空She believes in the 35 (important) of people knowing where their food comes from. 此处应将形容词“important”转换为名词“importance”,构成“the importance of...”(......的重要性)结构。 3. 名词单复数转换 考查形式:多在语篇填空题型中出现。 考查要点:要求考生根据语境、数量词或谓语动词形式,判断名词应使用单数还是复数形式,同时需掌握可数名词复数的变化规则。 示例:2023年浙江湖州单词语法填空 Also, it is such a golden season for ________ (fisherman)! 根据语境及“for”后接复数概念(通常表示一类人),应将“fisherman”变为复数形式“fishermen” 。 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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(复习部分)专题01 名词-【暑假自学课】2025年新七年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制2024)
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(复习部分)专题01 名词-【暑假自学课】2025年新七年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制2024)
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(复习部分)专题01 名词-【暑假自学课】2025年新七年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制2024)
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