暑假作业08 阅读理解-【暑假分层作业】2025年八年级英语暑假培优练（牛津译林版）

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业08 阅读理解 阅读理解 方法1　细节理解题——细读法 　　分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,抓住主要事实、关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段与段之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题或文章大意非常重要。在通读短文后,带着问题,再到短文中详细地找到答案。 方法2　推理判断题——推理法 　　推理判断是细节理解的延伸,在阅读的时候要根据文章具体事实细节、句子关系去分析和推理,从而达到整体理解的目的。 方法3　主旨大意题——概读法 　　从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点、态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。注意把握好主题句,首段和尾段中的中心句。 方法4　词义猜测题——猜测法 　　要学会根据上下文猜测遇到的新单词,这样既提高了阅读速度又培养了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养自己的猜词能力是很有必要的,从构词法上,联系文章上下文看是否有释义以及将选项代入短文中理解等方面入手,猜测出新词的词义。 二层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优 （1） The classroom environment has kept up with new technologies. First, we had blackboards and chalk. Then whiteboards and markers. Now we have interactive (交互的) whiteboards. From big, heavy televisions that were wheeled between classrooms, to flat do-it-all screens. So, what could the school of the future look like? Improved courses Different from the old-school traditions in English, math, social studies and science, we’ll have more meaningful and colorful courses. Instead of limiting students’ choices, teachers can let students choose whatever they like according to their interests and needs for their future career. Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses. The classroom environment For the school of the future, there will be no need to fight with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds. And we’ll have smart glass. Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens. As summers get hotter and winters become warmer and wetter, air-conditioned classrooms will become common. And they will be cleaner and more environment-friendly, with built-in air cleaners to remove bad stuff and dust from the air. Augmented (增强的) reality and AI Adaptive (适应的) learning systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become part of schools by 2050. These systems will give each student a special learning plan based on how they can learn better and will offer leveled tests depending on how the student is doing. AI may be also used to analyse (分析) students’ work, helping teachers understand which students need more help on weak lessons before they fall behind. Students will be able to get teachers’ advice quickly, with what needed to be improved and more personal guidance, fit for a student’s advantages and weaknesses. Undoubtedly, the biggest development we’ve seen in recent years has been in great progress in technology, so we can be quite certain that it has the ability to change schools over the next 20 or 30 years. 1．The writer may advise students to take the courses that ________. A．focus on useful skills B．create the opportunities C．help with classroom environment D．improve their English and science 2．What can we know about future schools according to the passage? A．Windows can change the light color to protect eyes. B．Technology can completely change the future school. C．The classroom will be warmer and wetter than before. D．Students can receive more guided help from teachers. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage teachers to use AI to improve teaching. B．To suggest more possible ways of developing technology. C．To introduce how technology will change the future school. D．To show the importance of technology in changing future school. （2） Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili (辣椒)plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．When plants are attacked by insects, they will_________. A．produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help B．send out chemicals to humans to ask for help C．control the wasps to kill the insects D．kill the insects by themselves 2．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How Plants Give Warnings B．The Secret Language of Plants C．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants D．The Study about the Plant Warning System （3） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress (精神压力) which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a large amount of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clear. Have you ever been anxious about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship (关系) with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. 2．From the passage we can learn that________. A．a monthly study plan will help us get higher marks B．we should always solve study problems on our own C．it’s good to be open and friendly in after-school activities D．setting a time limit on using mobile phones is necessary 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Ways of developing good habits. D．Solutions to different stress in life. （4） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online （5） As the weather gets warmer, there are few things that are better to do than travel. But traveling might not be that fun for everyone, especially for those who have motion sickness (晕动症). Motion sickness is also called travel sickness. It is a common experience for many people. Depending on how you travel, it can be called carsickness or seasickness. People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转). It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other. We use different parts of our body to sense movement. Our eyes tell us if we are moving. The inner ears have a special liquid that helps us sense our direction and balance (平衡). Our muscles (肌肉) react to movement. When you move around, these body parts work well together. But when you are in a car or an airplane, they get confused. Your inner ear signals that you’re moving, but your eyes say you’re sitting still because you can’t see that you’re moving. This mismatch gives us motion sickness. About one in three people get motion sickness. Women and children aged two to twelve are most at risk. Some people may even experience motion sickness in certain situations, such as reading in motion, playing video games and watching 3D movies. But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses. Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it. For example, some astronauts do special exercises that give them mild (轻微的) motion sickness. After a week or two, the astronauts become used to it and don’t feel uncomfortable anymore. 1．When motion sickness happens to you, you ________. A．feel uncomfortable, sick and dizzy B．become confused with your senses C．see room around you stop spinning D．know all your body parts work well 2．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．How our body senses move. B．How motion sickness happens. C．How body parts work together. D．How motion sickness confuses us. 3．What do you know about motion sickness? A．Everyone with motion sickness hates travelling. B．Most women and children have motion sickness. C．Reading in a car may cause our motion sickness. D．Mismatching senses brings us motion sickness. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it’s difficult to deal with motion sickness B．most astronauts have no motion sickness C．it’s possible to adapt to motion sickness D．mild motion sickness is good for health （6） Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for its multi-sole cloth shoes (千层底布鞋). The shoes’ soles (鞋底) are made of layers (层) of cloth. The town has 700 years of shoemaking history. During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province. It’s not easy to make Tangchang cloth shoes. There are 32 steps to make a pair of them. They are made in a special way. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master (大师) of making cloth shoes. The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years. Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes. She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small factory to pass on her skills. Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store. In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her. Ai added some Chinese elements (元素) to make the shoes more fashionable (时髦的). This helped them to sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their sore. With over 20 types of shoes, Tangchang loth shoes are friendly to the environment. In 2028, they were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list (非遗文化列表). 1．Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty because __________. A．boots were not good-looking B．they were sold well C．not all the people could wear boots D．they were comfortable 2．Lai Shufang thought making the soles was the most _________ step. A．important B．exciting C．boring D．difficult 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Tangchang has 700 years of shoemaking history. B．Tangchang cloth shoes are friendly to the environment. C．Lai spent three years mastering the skills needed to make shoes. D．Lai’s two younger sisters joined in after she opened her own shoe store. 4．The writer told Lai’s story in the order of _________. A．persons B．time C．space D．seasons （7） Auke Florian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist who studies how wild animals use materials made by humans. “Almost anything can become part of a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing. But this time, the birds had used the strips of spikes to make a nest. In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests; others were made by crows (乌鸦). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr. Hiemstra. “Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.” But the birds didn’t use the spikes in the same ways. The crows used the spikes on the inside of their nests to help make the nests more strong. Magpies have to worry about other birds stealing their eggs, so they use thorny (多刺) branches to build a spiky cover over their nests. In this case, they appeared to use the spikes like humans do—putting them on top of their nests to keep other birds from landing. It’s common for birds to use man-made materials (材料) in their nests. One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world, except in Antarctica. Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using man-made material because they are better, or simply easy to find. Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags. It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know. Mr. Hiemstra thinks there are probably more nests out there that were built with anti-bird spikes. They just haven’t been found yet. 1．How did Mr. Hiemstra feel when he received the picture? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Scared. D．Disappointed. 2．Why do humans build the metal spikes on the top of the buildings? A．To make nests for birds. B．To protect birds from being hurt. C．To stop birds from landing on buildings. D．To remove to the birds’ nests. 3．Why are the magpies and crows famous? A．Because they’re clever and related. B．Because they like helping other birds. C．Because they can build the craziest bird nests. D．Because they’re smart to solve challenging problems. 4．Which man-made materials might be found in the magpie’s nest? ①mental spikes     ②bird’s eggs     ③thorny branches ④fishing lines     ⑤candy papers     ⑥plastic bags A．①③④⑥ B．①④⑤⑥ C．①②④⑥ D．②④⑤⑥ 5．From the last paragraph, we can know that ________. A．it’s not common for the birds to use man-made materials B．the spikes in nests were probably dangerous for the birds C．man-made materials were hard to find but they’re better D．a study reported the man-made material nests have been found in Antarctica （8） It took a thunderstorm for Gordon Hempton to truly enjoy quiet. After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student was tired from the 3,000 km way back to his university in Wisconsin. The August temperature was high and it was unnecessary to live in a hotel. Hempton got out of the car and lay down in a field. Suddenly, a thunderstorm sounded overhead. Too tired to move, he decided to stay right there. What he did next led to an awakening (顿悟): he listened. “I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder,” he says. “My eyes were closed, but it was as if I could see all the creatures that I had been living with but never known.” Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位), and changed his life. After that, Hempton travelled within Olympic National Park with microphone and recorder, where he captured (捕捉) the wonderful sounds from the wildlife in quiet. Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, “We might say that quiet offers a chance to be aware of our surroundings.” Although he has these ear-attracting experiences, Hempton realized that quiet places were disappearing, with noise pollution making it more difficult to listen to the quiet sounds of nature. In 1998, Hempton went to Hawaii to collect sounds of endangered animals and plants, which were played at a photography exhibition later. Now 67, he is a famous acoustic ecologist (声学生态学家) and co-founder of Quiet Parks International (QPI), an organization that protects natural sounds by testing sound levels and encouraging visitors to understand the importance of quiet. 1．What made Gordon Hempton leave the university? A．His worries about future. B．His tiredness of school work. C．The long distance from the university to his home. D．An experience on his way to university. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet doesn’t mean no sound. B．Quiet helps one hear sounds of nature. C．Quiet can awake one’s sense. D．Quiet places are missing because of human beings. 3．What’s the genre (体裁) of this passage? A．A narrative which tells a person’s life experiences. B．A comedy which makes people laugh. C．A mystery which creates a mysterious story. D．A drama which has some kind of performance. 4．What did Gordon Hempton hear during the awakening?     ①air moving     ②rain dropping     ③people whispering     ④wind blowing     ⑤echo of thunder A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①②⑤ D．②④⑤ 5．The best title for the passage would be A．Environment Protection B．A Science Research about Sound C．A Man with Great Achievements D．A Story about Fighting for Quiet （9） ①Nature is a great musician. The sounds of rain, birdsong or leaves in the wind are all part of its music. These sounds make us feel different emotions (情绪). For this reason, they have been used in many songs. One good example is Blackbird by The Beatles (披头士乐队). About halfway through the song, a blackbird’s sweet singing adds color to the melody (旋律). ②Nature, however, has never received any royalties (版税) for its important role in music. Now, with Sounds Right, things are beginning to change. ③Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations. The project looks at nature as a special artist. Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature. ④Sounds Right is expected to attract more than 600 million listeners within the first four years. It will earn about 40 million U.S. dollars. The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants. ____★____ ⑤Brian Eno is a British singer. He is proud to be part of this project. “When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,” he said. “You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!” 1．The structure of the passage should be ________. A．①-②③④-⑤ B．①-②③-④⑤ C．①②-③④-⑤ D．①②-③-④-⑤ 2．The Paragraph 3 focuses on ________. A．what the new project is B．money the project can get C．what the project will do D．the ways to join the project 3．Which of the following can be put in ____★____? A．Another one is to save the musicians. B．The other is to protect the environment. C．Others think it’s a great idea to help the world. D．People haven’t thought of a better way to develop the project. 4．In the last paragraph, you can find the answer to the question ________. A．What is the meaning of the project? B．How can listeners pay for the songs? C．When can people save the world together? D．Where can members enjoy the songs? 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Nature Needs New Right B．Nature Is in Danger C．Nature Is a Great Musician D．Nature Sounds Right （10） My older daughter came home yesterday complaining (抱怨) about the “month of tests”. “Today, we had a music test,” she said. “We each sang a song and got graded.” “How did it go?” I asked. “I sang Coco Lee’s ‘Thinking of You 365 Days’ and got an A, but it felt strange to judge a musical performance only by pitch (音高), tempo (节奏) and memorization of the lyrics (歌词),” my daughter said. “Some of my classmates sang like robots.” I’ve heard similar complaints about school music tests online. Some students have to memorize pages and pages of facts about music. They might never have listened to “Song of the Phoenix (《百鸟朝凤》),” but they have to remember that it’s performed with suona (唢呐). Luckily, my daughter didn’t have to deal with that. My wife and I both love music, and so do our daughters. We often have music playing in the background at home. Most of the time, it’s pop music. We enjoy listening to them and singing along. But I also love classical (古典的) music—Mozart, Beethoven and the like. Unlike pop songs, many classical pieces are not catchy at all. However, these works can grow on you if you listen to them again and again. As with a fine cup of tea, their beauty is felt overtime. Music classes should be about more than facts and tests. Through art, we are introduced to many different ideas. And as we discuss these different ideas, our minds slowly open up. 1．What did the writer’s older daughter do yesterday? A．She had a music test and got an A． B．She listened to classical music. C．She performed Song of the Phoenix. D．She complained her classmates. 2．According to the passage, students just ________ for music tests in many schools. A．play a music instrument B．memorize many facts about music C．sing a pop song with robots D．tell the pitch and tempo of a song 3．What does the underlined word “catchy” probably mean? A．easy to perform B．easy to create C．easy to grade D．easy to follow 4．Readers can infer from the passage that ________. A．Mozart wasn’t a classical musician B．the writer’s family like pop music best C．robots can sing Thinking of You 365 Days D．Song of the Phoenix is performed with suona 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To remind students to learn some music skills. B．To show that different music is like different tastes of life. C．To call on schools to improve students’ musical quality in deed. D．To tell that classical music should be listened to again and again. 1.（2023·江苏南京·中考真题） Ryan and Ahmed sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclocross course. Ahmed had been competing in cyclocross for three years, but this was Ryan’s first race. He wished he could remember everything Ahmed had taught him. Ryan reviewed the last six months in his mind. From the moment, Ahmed had first asked whether he would like to try the sport, Ryan had been excited. Ahmed helped Ryan find safety gear. He also explained the importance of practising and set up a plan for the two friends to practise together. Practising was hard. Ryan soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over. He was ready to race! Ryan ended up skipping (不参加) many of the practices. When Ryan did go to practices, he spent more time doing tricks with his bike than he did listening to Ahmed’s tips. “Now the real fun begins,” Ryan thought as he sat at the starting line. “You need to get serious,” Ahmed warned. “Cyclocross can be dangerous.” Bang! The starting gun went off. The boys rushed off the starting line. Ryan saw the first obstacle (障碍) ahead. It was a series of small hurdles. “Here I go!” Ryan shouted when he reached the hurdles. He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot. Next, he had to get his bike onto his shoulder. Ryan could not remember what Ahmed said about shouldering the bike. He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped. Finally, he got his bike off the ground. As he ran, he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder. The bike was heavy, and his ankle hurt. Before he knew it, he was lying face-down in the mud. “Are you okay?” Ryan heard his friend ask. Ahmed reached down to help Ryan. Ryan was thankful that Ahmed cared more about him than about the race. He caught Ahmed’s hand and stood. “Ouch!” Ryan cried. It hurt to put weight on his ankle. “You were right, Ahmed. Cyclocross is about more than strength and speed. Can we spend a few more months training together? I want to finish my next cyclocross race!” 1．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To provide more information about cyclocross. B．To show Ryan’s efforts in practising cyclocross. C．To introduce the safety rules of the cyclocross race. D．To leave clues about why Ryan failed in the cyclocross race. 2．Which of the following best describes Ahmed? A．Curious but lazy. B．Friendly but impatient. C．Organized and helpful. D．Confident and humorous. 3．What may happen next according to the passage? A．Ryan will end his friendship with Ahmed. B．Ryan will become serious and train harder. C．Ryan will skip more of the cyclocross practices. D．Ryan will certainly win the next cyclocross race. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Safety First, Friendship Second B．Cyclocross—Strength and Speed C．A Lesson Learned the Hard Way D．Six Months Spent on the Practice 2.（2023·江苏南京·中考真题） You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface. B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业08 阅读理解 阅读理解 方法1　细节理解题——细读法 　　分段细读,注意细节,注意语言结构,抓住主要事实、关键信息,揭示文章结构的内在联系,帮助深化理解。一篇文章是一个有机的整体,段与段之间存在着内在的紧密联系,而每段的内容都与主题有着很重要的联系,所以弄清文章结构上的问题,对于把握文章主题或文章大意非常重要。在通读短文后,带着问题,再到短文中详细地找到答案。 方法2　推理判断题——推理法 　　推理判断是细节理解的延伸,在阅读的时候要根据文章具体事实细节、句子关系去分析和推理,从而达到整体理解的目的。 方法3　主旨大意题——概读法 　　从每篇文章的标题到各个部分都进行概读,以归纳出要点,概括作者的意图、观点、态度,这样就能了解全文的概貌。概读还有助于考生把握上下文之间的意义联系,培养自己的综合概括能力。注意把握好主题句,首段和尾段中的中心句。 方法4　词义猜测题——猜测法 　　要学会根据上下文猜测遇到的新单词,这样既提高了阅读速度又培养了一种能力,这也是英语阅读的关键所在。培养自己的猜词能力是很有必要的,从构词法上,联系文章上下文看是否有释义以及将选项代入短文中理解等方面入手,猜测出新词的词义。 二层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优 （1） The classroom environment has kept up with new technologies. First, we had blackboards and chalk. Then whiteboards and markers. Now we have interactive (交互的) whiteboards. From big, heavy televisions that were wheeled between classrooms, to flat do-it-all screens. So, what could the school of the future look like? Improved courses Different from the old-school traditions in English, math, social studies and science, we’ll have more meaningful and colorful courses. Instead of limiting students’ choices, teachers can let students choose whatever they like according to their interests and needs for their future career. Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses. The classroom environment For the school of the future, there will be no need to fight with heavy curtains or dust-covered blinds. And we’ll have smart glass. Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens. As summers get hotter and winters become warmer and wetter, air-conditioned classrooms will become common. And they will be cleaner and more environment-friendly, with built-in air cleaners to remove bad stuff and dust from the air. Augmented (增强的) reality and AI Adaptive (适应的) learning systems driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become part of schools by 2050. These systems will give each student a special learning plan based on how they can learn better and will offer leveled tests depending on how the student is doing. AI may be also used to analyse (分析) students’ work, helping teachers understand which students need more help on weak lessons before they fall behind. Students will be able to get teachers’ advice quickly, with what needed to be improved and more personal guidance, fit for a student’s advantages and weaknesses. Undoubtedly, the biggest development we’ve seen in recent years has been in great progress in technology, so we can be quite certain that it has the ability to change schools over the next 20 or 30 years. 1．The writer may advise students to take the courses that ________. A．focus on useful skills B．create the opportunities C．help with classroom environment D．improve their English and science 2．What can we know about future schools according to the passage? A．Windows can change the light color to protect eyes. B．Technology can completely change the future school. C．The classroom will be warmer and wetter than before. D．Students can receive more guided help from teachers. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage teachers to use AI to improve teaching. B．To suggest more possible ways of developing technology. C．To introduce how technology will change the future school. D．To show the importance of technology in changing future school. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了随着科技的进步，未来学校是什么样子的。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Schools can create more opportunities for students to get useful skills through real-world practice, like cooking, money management, fixing the computer and gardening. Students will develop their deep thinking, problem-solving and communication skills through these courses.”可知，学校可以为学生创造更多机会，让他们通过现实世界的实践获得有用的技能，比如烹饪、理财、修理电脑和园艺。学生将通过这些课程培养他们的深度思考、解决问题和沟通能力。由此可知作者建议学生选择关注有用的技能的课程。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Windows can change their color to make up for light outside, protecting both our eyes and screens.”可知，窗户可以改变光的颜色来保护我们的眼睛和屏幕。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章，特别是最后一段可知，本文介绍了技术将如何改变未来的学校。故选C。 （2） Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili (辣椒)plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi (霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. 1．When plants are attacked by insects, they will_________. A．produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help B．send out chemicals to humans to ask for help C．control the wasps to kill the insects D．kill the insects by themselves 2．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How Plants Give Warnings B．The Secret Language of Plants C．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants D．The Study about the Plant Warning System 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了植物之间的交流方式。 1．细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: ‘I’m being attacked!’ ”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求助信号。故选A。 2．篇章结构题。根据文中“Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.”可知，第一段总领全文，引出下文介绍的植物之间的相互交流。文章中的第二、三、四段详细介绍了植物之间的交流方式。文章的最后一段总结上文，并给了人们进一步研究的希望。选项B符合文章结构。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据文中“Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了植物之间的交流方式。选项B“植物的秘密语言”符合做最佳标题。故选B。 （3） We have more or less trouble to face in our life. These things may give you too much stress (精神压力) which is bad for your development. What can you do to solve this kind of problem? As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list. You have a large amount of schoolwork to do every day. Although your scores are not terrible, you may still worry that you are not as high as you have expected. Why not make a daily or weekly plan in such a case? In this way, you can save more time to study and even avoid being too tired by taking some breaks. Don’t be too strict with yourself. Just do what you can do. If you meet something beyond (超越) your ability, just go to your teacher for help—pick his or her brain or make any questions you don’t understand clear. Have you ever been anxious about not having many friends in school or not being in the same class with your best friends? Having a bad relationship (关系) with new classmates is also our common stress. It is important to choose your circle of friends. Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities. Make plans to meet your friends from other classes during break time. Know that everyone is different—do not compare yourself with others. You’ll be less stressed that way. Unhealthy eating habits and lack (缺乏) of sleep can also lead to stress. You are what you eat. Make healthy food choices that you can enjoy. Set a certain time to go to bed every night. Don’t play computer or mobile games before you sleep. Do see a doctor if your sleeping problem continues. The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away. 1．Which is the most stressful for a student according to the passage? A．Dealing with schoolwork and getting high scores. B．Not getting along well with new classmates. C．Failure to have enough friends in school. D．Poor eating habits and short of sleep. 2．From the passage we can learn that________. A．a monthly study plan will help us get higher marks B．we should always solve study problems on our own C．it’s good to be open and friendly in after-school activities D．setting a time limit on using mobile phones is necessary 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．Introduction to common stress. B．Suggestions for making friends. C．Ways of developing good habits. D．Solutions to different stress in life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。 1．细节理解题。根据“As a student, managing all the schoolwork and getting good grades are at the top of your stress list.”可知，对于学生来说，压力最大的是管理所有的功课和取得好成绩。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Don’t hide yourself in your own world and try to make friends when you participate in after-school activities.”可知，不要把自己藏在自己的世界里，在参加课外活动的时候试着结交朋友。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The more successfully you deal with your stress, the better you will feel about yourself. Try out the above advice right away.”可知，本文主要告诉我们如何应对生活和学习中的压力。故选D。 （4） It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline. Being online should improve our lives, not control them. If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health. It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you. This might have a serious influence on your connections with the people beside you, even if you don’t want to make them feel like you are not interested in them. Take breaks from the apps (应用程序) and games. You don’t need to stop using them, just trying turning off notifications during study hours, or setting time limits. You can consider which online activities you can do offline. Take a careful look at what online activities can become offline activities. For example, an online game can become in-person with a friend or family member instead. Of course, not everything has to be offline or online all the time. It is good for you to set boundaries (界限) with your friends. If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online. Habits can be hard to break, but we can retrain our brains. Sometimes, just paying attention to the possible influences can help us know when it is time to make some changes. Talk with someone about it. Talking about how you feel with a family member or your friend may help you work out a plan for breaking old habits. They can also encourage you to stick to the plan. 1．You may spend too much time online when you ________. A．take breaks from online games B．keep checking your mobile phone for messages C．take a few photos with your mobile phone D．turn on notifications after you finish your homework 2．The words “keep track of” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________. A．manage to stay away from B．decide to agree with C．remember to wait for D．continue to know about 3．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it is easier for us to stop using apps when we have more time B．online activities bring us more in-person connections than offline activities C．conversations about boundaries with friends help us have less online time D．it is important to pay attention to the possible influences of setting time limits 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．Get to Know Others’ Online Habits B．Enjoy Your Online Activities C．Stick to Your Online Plan D．Manage Your Time Online 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you always feel you need to check your mobile phones, it is probably time to take a break. Too much time online can make your study more difficult and it is bad for your health.”可知，不停检查手机上的信息时，可能会花太多时间，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“It is important to remember that if you are constantly taking photos or chatting online, it can be hard to keep track of what is going on around you.”可知，如果不停地拍照或上网聊天，就很难了解周围发生的事情。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If your friend calls you in the middle of the night, or messages you when you are doing your homework, and you don’t see their messages until you are back online.”可知，和朋友们谈论界限的问题，可以帮助我们节省线上时间。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据“It can be easy to spend a lot of time online, but it is important for you to know how often and why you go online. It can help you work out a healthier and happier balance (平衡) with time offline.”可知，本文主要讲述了如何合理安排上网时间。故选D。 （5） As the weather gets warmer, there are few things that are better to do than travel. But traveling might not be that fun for everyone, especially for those who have motion sickness (晕动症). Motion sickness is also called travel sickness. It is a common experience for many people. Depending on how you travel, it can be called carsickness or seasickness. People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转). It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other. We use different parts of our body to sense movement. Our eyes tell us if we are moving. The inner ears have a special liquid that helps us sense our direction and balance (平衡). Our muscles (肌肉) react to movement. When you move around, these body parts work well together. But when you are in a car or an airplane, they get confused. Your inner ear signals that you’re moving, but your eyes say you’re sitting still because you can’t see that you’re moving. This mismatch gives us motion sickness. About one in three people get motion sickness. Women and children aged two to twelve are most at risk. Some people may even experience motion sickness in certain situations, such as reading in motion, playing video games and watching 3D movies. But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses. Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it. For example, some astronauts do special exercises that give them mild (轻微的) motion sickness. After a week or two, the astronauts become used to it and don’t feel uncomfortable anymore. 1．When motion sickness happens to you, you ________. A．feel uncomfortable, sick and dizzy B．become confused with your senses C．see room around you stop spinning D．know all your body parts work well 2．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．How our body senses move. B．How motion sickness happens. C．How body parts work together. D．How motion sickness confuses us. 3．What do you know about motion sickness? A．Everyone with motion sickness hates travelling. B．Most women and children have motion sickness. C．Reading in a car may cause our motion sickness. D．Mismatching senses brings us motion sickness. 4．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．it’s difficult to deal with motion sickness B．most astronauts have no motion sickness C．it’s possible to adapt to motion sickness D．mild motion sickness is good for health 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了晕动症的症状、患病原理、患病几率以及特殊治疗方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“People with motion sickness feel very uncomfortable while they are in motion. They feel sick and dizzy, like the room around them won’t stop spinning (旋转).”可知，当晕动症发生在你身上时，你会感到不舒服、恶心和头晕。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据“It is generally believed that motion sickness happens when your senses become confused (混乱的) with each other.”以及结合整段可知，本段主要讲述了晕动症是如何发生的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But some people are less sensitive to motion sickness. This may be because they have certain genes (基因) that stop mismatching senses.”可知，感官不匹配给我们带来了晕动症。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“Although there are many ways to deal with (处理) motion sickness, I believe that the key is to simply try and adapt (适应) to it.”可知，虽然有许多方法来对付晕动症，作者相信关键是简单地尝试和适应它。故选C。 （6） Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for its multi-sole cloth shoes (千层底布鞋). The shoes’ soles (鞋底) are made of layers (层) of cloth. The town has 700 years of shoemaking history. During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province. It’s not easy to make Tangchang cloth shoes. There are 32 steps to make a pair of them. They are made in a special way. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang is a master (大师) of making cloth shoes. The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years. Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes. She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small factory to pass on her skills. Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store. In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her. Ai added some Chinese elements (元素) to make the shoes more fashionable (时髦的). This helped them to sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year, both online and in their sore. With over 20 types of shoes, Tangchang loth shoes are friendly to the environment. In 2028, they were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list (非遗文化列表). 1．Cloth shoes became popular during the Ming Dynasty because __________. A．boots were not good-looking B．they were sold well C．not all the people could wear boots D．they were comfortable 2．Lai Shufang thought making the soles was the most _________ step. A．important B．exciting C．boring D．difficult 3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Tangchang has 700 years of shoemaking history. B．Tangchang cloth shoes are friendly to the environment. C．Lai spent three years mastering the skills needed to make shoes. D．Lai’s two younger sisters joined in after she opened her own shoe store. 4．The writer told Lai’s story in the order of _________. A．persons B．time C．space D．seasons 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了唐昌布鞋的制作，包括制鞋材料和制鞋过程。 1．细节理解题。根据“During the Ming Dynasty, not all the people could wear boots (靴子). Because of that, cloth shoes became popular, especially in Sichuan province.”可知，布鞋在明代开始流行是因为不是所有的人都能穿靴子。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“She said the most important step was making the soles. It was not that easy.”可知，赖淑芳认为制作鞋底是最重要的一步。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Her two younger sisters also joined in. Later, Lai opened her own shoe store.”可知，她的两个妹妹加入进来以后，赖才开了自己的鞋店。选项D“赖的两个妹妹在她开了自己的鞋店后加入了进来。”表述错误。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“The 66-year old has been making shoes for over 40 years.”；“Lai worked at a cloth shoe factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master the skills needed to make shoes.”；“In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed.”以及“In 2015, her son Ai Peng, 38, gave up his job to help her.”可知，作者按时间顺序讲述了赖的故事。故选B。 （7） Auke Florian Hiemstra is a Dutch scientist who studies how wild animals use materials made by humans. “Almost anything can become part of a bird nest,” he says. But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest. The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing. But this time, the birds had used the strips of spikes to make a nest. In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests; others were made by crows (乌鸦). “These are the craziest bird nests I’ve ever seen,” says Mr. Hiemstra. “Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.” But the birds didn’t use the spikes in the same ways. The crows used the spikes on the inside of their nests to help make the nests more strong. Magpies have to worry about other birds stealing their eggs, so they use thorny (多刺) branches to build a spiky cover over their nests. In this case, they appeared to use the spikes like humans do—putting them on top of their nests to keep other birds from landing. It’s common for birds to use man-made materials (材料) in their nests. One recent study reported that nests with man-made materials have been found all over the world, except in Antarctica. Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using man-made material because they are better, or simply easy to find. Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags. It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know. Mr. Hiemstra thinks there are probably more nests out there that were built with anti-bird spikes. They just haven’t been found yet. 1．How did Mr. Hiemstra feel when he received the picture? A．Surprised. B．Worried. C．Scared. D．Disappointed. 2．Why do humans build the metal spikes on the top of the buildings? A．To make nests for birds. B．To protect birds from being hurt. C．To stop birds from landing on buildings. D．To remove to the birds’ nests. 3．Why are the magpies and crows famous? A．Because they’re clever and related. B．Because they like helping other birds. C．Because they can build the craziest bird nests. D．Because they’re smart to solve challenging problems. 4．Which man-made materials might be found in the magpie’s nest? ①mental spikes     ②bird’s eggs     ③thorny branches ④fishing lines     ⑤candy papers     ⑥plastic bags A．①③④⑥ B．①④⑤⑥ C．①②④⑥ D．②④⑤⑥ 5．From the last paragraph, we can know that ________. A．it’s not common for the birds to use man-made materials B．the spikes in nests were probably dangerous for the birds C．man-made materials were hard to find but they’re better D．a study reported the man-made material nests have been found in Antarctica 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了鸟类利用人造材料建巢穴这一现象。 1．细节理解题。根据“But he was surprised when someone sent him a picture of a magpie (喜鹊) nest.”可知，当他伤到喜鹊窝的照片时，他感到很惊讶。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The top of the nest had thin metal spikes (金属刺) pointing out all over. The metal spikes were “anti-bird spikes”. They are usually placed on buildings to stop birds from landing.”可知，为了阻止鸟类降落在建筑物的顶部。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘Magpies and crows are known for being clever. The two kinds of birds are related and are famous for being able to solve challenging problems.’”可知，它们很聪明且以能够解决具有挑战性的问题而闻名。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“In time, the researchers learned about several other nests in Europe that also used anti-bird spikes. Some were magpie nests;”和“Nests have been found with all kinds of man-made materials, including fishing lines, candy papers, and plastic bags.”可知，在喜鹊的巢里可能会发现①金属尖刺、④钓鱼线、⑤糖果纸和⑥塑料袋这些人造材料。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“It’s not clear if spikes in nests cause any problems for the birds. But it’s probably more common that we know.”可知，鸟巢里的尖刺对鸟类来说可能很危险。故选B。 （8） It took a thunderstorm for Gordon Hempton to truly enjoy quiet. After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student was tired from the 3,000 km way back to his university in Wisconsin. The August temperature was high and it was unnecessary to live in a hotel. Hempton got out of the car and lay down in a field. Suddenly, a thunderstorm sounded overhead. Too tired to move, he decided to stay right there. What he did next led to an awakening (顿悟): he listened. “I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder,” he says. “My eyes were closed, but it was as if I could see all the creatures that I had been living with but never known.” Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位), and changed his life. After that, Hempton travelled within Olympic National Park with microphone and recorder, where he captured (捕捉) the wonderful sounds from the wildlife in quiet. Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, “We might say that quiet offers a chance to be aware of our surroundings.” Although he has these ear-attracting experiences, Hempton realized that quiet places were disappearing, with noise pollution making it more difficult to listen to the quiet sounds of nature. In 1998, Hempton went to Hawaii to collect sounds of endangered animals and plants, which were played at a photography exhibition later. Now 67, he is a famous acoustic ecologist (声学生态学家) and co-founder of Quiet Parks International (QPI), an organization that protects natural sounds by testing sound levels and encouraging visitors to understand the importance of quiet. 1．What made Gordon Hempton leave the university? A．His worries about future. B．His tiredness of school work. C．The long distance from the university to his home. D．An experience on his way to university. 2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean? A．Quiet doesn’t mean no sound. B．Quiet helps one hear sounds of nature. C．Quiet can awake one’s sense. D．Quiet places are missing because of human beings. 3．What’s the genre (体裁) of this passage? A．A narrative which tells a person’s life experiences. B．A comedy which makes people laugh. C．A mystery which creates a mysterious story. D．A drama which has some kind of performance. 4．What did Gordon Hempton hear during the awakening?     ①air moving     ②rain dropping     ③people whispering     ④wind blowing     ⑤echo of thunder A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①②⑤ D．②④⑤ 5．The best title for the passage would be A．Environment Protection B．A Science Research about Sound C．A Man with Great Achievements D．A Story about Fighting for Quiet 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。 1．推理判断题。根据“After a visit home to Seattle, Washington in 1980, the graduate student found himself tired from the 3,000km way back to his university in Wisconsin”以及“Hempton’s awakening was so lively that he quickly dropped out of university, giving up a degree in Economics (经济学位) , and changed his life.”可知，Gordon Hempton在回学校的路上，因为一场雷暴而开始真正欣赏宁静，这个经历改变了他的生活，使他放弃了大学。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Quiet, in this sense, does not mean complete silence. He says, ‘We might say that quiet offers an opportunity to be aware of our surroundings’”可知，宁静，并不意味着彻底地无声，宁静提供了一个机会，让我们意识到我们的周围环境，即宁静有助于捕捉大自然的声音。故选B。 3．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了Gordon Hempton在回学校的路上，因为一场雷暴而开始真正欣赏宁静，这个经历改变了他的生活，使他放弃了大学，并创建了一个组织，通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。因此这是一篇讲述个人经历的记叙文。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“I heard all: the movement of the air, the insect activity, the drops of the rain, the echo of the thunder”可知，他听到了：空气的运动，昆虫的活动，雨滴，雷声的回声。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了Gordon Hempton，他认为噪音污染使人们更难听到大自然的安静声音，他创建的组织通过测试声音水平和鼓励游客认识到安静的重要性来识别和保护自然声景。选项D“为宁静而战的故事”作为标题最为合适。故选D。 （9） ①Nature is a great musician. The sounds of rain, birdsong or leaves in the wind are all part of its music. These sounds make us feel different emotions (情绪). For this reason, they have been used in many songs. One good example is Blackbird by The Beatles (披头士乐队). About halfway through the song, a blackbird’s sweet singing adds color to the melody (旋律). ②Nature, however, has never received any royalties (版税) for its important role in music. Now, with Sounds Right, things are beginning to change. ③Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations. The project looks at nature as a special artist. Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature. ④Sounds Right is expected to attract more than 600 million listeners within the first four years. It will earn about 40 million U.S. dollars. The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants. ____★____ ⑤Brian Eno is a British singer. He is proud to be part of this project. “When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,” he said. “You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!” 1．The structure of the passage should be ________. A．①-②③④-⑤ B．①-②③-④⑤ C．①②-③④-⑤ D．①②-③-④-⑤ 2．The Paragraph 3 focuses on ________. A．what the new project is B．money the project can get C．what the project will do D．the ways to join the project 3．Which of the following can be put in ____★____? A．Another one is to save the musicians. B．The other is to protect the environment. C．Others think it’s a great idea to help the world. D．People haven’t thought of a better way to develop the project. 4．In the last paragraph, you can find the answer to the question ________. A．What is the meaning of the project? B．How can listeners pay for the songs? C．When can people save the world together? D．Where can members enjoy the songs? 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Nature Needs New Right B．Nature Is in Danger C．Nature Is a Great Musician D．Nature Sounds Right 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功。 1．篇章结构题。第一和第二段介绍了大自然中的声音可以用于音乐中，并在第二段结尾引出Sounds Right；第三和第四段具体介绍Sounds Right这个项目。最后一段讲述了布莱恩·伊诺对此项目的看法，指出了此项目的意义所在。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sounds Right is a new project of the Museum for the United Nations.”可知，第三段主要介绍了这个新项目是什么。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“The money will be used in two main ways. One is to save endangered animals and plants.”和“Many musicians from different countries have joined the project. They add nature sounds to their songs and share the royalties with nature.”可知，这个新项目中很多音乐是来自大自然，所以获得的收入也会与大自然分享。B选项“另一个是保护环境。”符合语境。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“‘When you click on a song from Sounds Right, you can enjoy the beautiful sounds from nature,’ he said. ‘You also get to hear the possibilities of a better world!’”可知，当你点击Sounds Right中的一首歌时，你可以享受大自然发出的美妙声音。你还可以听到一个更美好世界的可能性！这是布莱恩·伊诺对此项目的看法，也指出了该项目的意义所在。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一个音乐新项目Sounds Right，即把大自然中的声音与音乐融合，带来了巨大的成功，同时获得的收入也用于大自然的保护，即与大自然分享版权。D选项“大自然声音版权”为最佳标题。故选D。 （10） My older daughter came home yesterday complaining (抱怨) about the “month of tests”. “Today, we had a music test,” she said. “We each sang a song and got graded.” “How did it go?” I asked. “I sang Coco Lee’s ‘Thinking of You 365 Days’ and got an A, but it felt strange to judge a musical performance only by pitch (音高), tempo (节奏) and memorization of the lyrics (歌词),” my daughter said. “Some of my classmates sang like robots.” I’ve heard similar complaints about school music tests online. Some students have to memorize pages and pages of facts about music. They might never have listened to “Song of the Phoenix (《百鸟朝凤》),” but they have to remember that it’s performed with suona (唢呐). Luckily, my daughter didn’t have to deal with that. My wife and I both love music, and so do our daughters. We often have music playing in the background at home. Most of the time, it’s pop music. We enjoy listening to them and singing along. But I also love classical (古典的) music—Mozart, Beethoven and the like. Unlike pop songs, many classical pieces are not catchy at all. However, these works can grow on you if you listen to them again and again. As with a fine cup of tea, their beauty is felt overtime. Music classes should be about more than facts and tests. Through art, we are introduced to many different ideas. And as we discuss these different ideas, our minds slowly open up. 1．What did the writer’s older daughter do yesterday? A．She had a music test and got an A． B．She listened to classical music. C．She performed Song of the Phoenix. D．She complained her classmates. 2．According to the passage, students just ________ for music tests in many schools. A．play a music instrument B．memorize many facts about music C．sing a pop song with robots D．tell the pitch and tempo of a song 3．What does the underlined word “catchy” probably mean? A．easy to perform B．easy to create C．easy to grade D．easy to follow 4．Readers can infer from the passage that ________. A．Mozart wasn’t a classical musician B．the writer’s family like pop music best C．robots can sing Thinking of You 365 Days D．Song of the Phoenix is performed with suona 5．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To remind students to learn some music skills. B．To show that different music is like different tastes of life. C．To call on schools to improve students’ musical quality in deed. D．To tell that classical music should be listened to again and again. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者的女儿参加音乐测试的经历，并阐述了对音乐的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘Today, we had a music test,’ she said. ”及“I sang…and got an A”可知，作者的女儿昨天参加了音乐测试，并且得了A等级。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Some students have to memorize pages and pages of facts about music.”可知，一些学生不得不一页一页地记忆音乐知识。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“However, these works can grow on you if you listen to them again and again. ”可知，如果你一遍又一遍地听这些作品，你会慢慢喜欢上它们的；however“然而”，表示转折，横线处应表达这些作品不容易被理解。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“My wife and I both love music, and so do our daughters... Most of the time, it’s pop music.”可知，我和妻子都喜欢音乐，我们的女儿也是，而且大多数时候是流行音乐。选项B“这位作家的家人最喜欢流行音乐”符合题意。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Music classes should be about more than facts and tests. Through art, we are introduced to many different ideas. And as we discuss these different ideas, our minds slowly open up.”可知，音乐课应该不仅仅是事实和测试。通过艺术，我们接触到许多不同的想法。当我们讨论这些不同的想法时，我们的思维慢慢开放。选项C“呼吁学校切实提高学生的音乐素质”符合题意。故选C。 1.（2023·江苏南京·中考真题） Ryan and Ahmed sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclocross course. Ahmed had been competing in cyclocross for three years, but this was Ryan’s first race. He wished he could remember everything Ahmed had taught him. Ryan reviewed the last six months in his mind. From the moment, Ahmed had first asked whether he would like to try the sport, Ryan had been excited. Ahmed helped Ryan find safety gear. He also explained the importance of practising and set up a plan for the two friends to practise together. Practising was hard. Ryan soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over. He was ready to race! Ryan ended up skipping (不参加) many of the practices. When Ryan did go to practices, he spent more time doing tricks with his bike than he did listening to Ahmed’s tips. “Now the real fun begins,” Ryan thought as he sat at the starting line. “You need to get serious,” Ahmed warned. “Cyclocross can be dangerous.” Bang! The starting gun went off. The boys rushed off the starting line. Ryan saw the first obstacle (障碍) ahead. It was a series of small hurdles. “Here I go!” Ryan shouted when he reached the hurdles. He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot. Next, he had to get his bike onto his shoulder. Ryan could not remember what Ahmed said about shouldering the bike. He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped. Finally, he got his bike off the ground. As he ran, he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder. The bike was heavy, and his ankle hurt. Before he knew it, he was lying face-down in the mud. “Are you okay?” Ryan heard his friend ask. Ahmed reached down to help Ryan. Ryan was thankful that Ahmed cared more about him than about the race. He caught Ahmed’s hand and stood. “Ouch!” Ryan cried. It hurt to put weight on his ankle. “You were right, Ahmed. Cyclocross is about more than strength and speed. Can we spend a few more months training together? I want to finish my next cyclocross race!” 1．What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 3? A．To provide more information about cyclocross. B．To show Ryan’s efforts in practising cyclocross. C．To introduce the safety rules of the cyclocross race. D．To leave clues about why Ryan failed in the cyclocross race. 2．Which of the following best describes Ahmed? A．Curious but lazy. B．Friendly but impatient. C．Organized and helpful. D．Confident and humorous. 3．What may happen next according to the passage? A．Ryan will end his friendship with Ahmed. B．Ryan will become serious and train harder. C．Ryan will skip more of the cyclocross practices. D．Ryan will certainly win the next cyclocross race. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Safety First, Friendship Second B．Cyclocross—Strength and Speed C．A Lesson Learned the Hard Way D．Six Months Spent on the Practice 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了Ryan首次参加自行车越野赛的经历。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段的描述可知，Ryan在训练中缺乏耐心、忽视练习、沉迷技巧，暗示他在比赛中失败的原因（如摔倒、无法正确扛车）。这些细节为后文的失败埋下伏笔。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Ahmed helped Ryan find safety gear...explained the importance of practising and set up a plan”以及比赛中“Ahmed reached down to help Ryan”可知，Ahmed始终有条理地指导Ryan（制定计划）、主动提供帮助（找装备、赛后关心）。可以看出他有条理，乐于助人。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据结尾Ryan的反思“Can we spend a few more months training together? I want to finish my next race!”可知，他意识到训练的重要性，并请求Ahmed继续帮助。结合前文他因不认真训练而失败，可推断他会严肃对待训练。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕Ryan因轻视训练导致比赛失败，最终领悟，核心是通过挫折学习教训。故选C。 2.（2023·江苏南京·中考真题） You can volunteer with three or four friends to do a team experiment (实验). First, you need to know a little about the water cycle. The water cycle starts when the sun heats ocean water. The sun converts, or changes, the water into water vapor (蒸气). The sun and wind cause the water vapor to rise into the air. Water vapor cools off in the atmosphere (大气层), or the air that surrounds Earth. Then it changes to drops of water. The drops then cluster, or hold together, forming a cloud. The water in the cloud falls as rain or snow. It may fall back into the ocean, or it may fall on land. If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff. As you begin your experiment, remember this amazing fact. The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes. It also includes the water in clouds, rain, snow, and groundwater and in the icy areas at the North and South Poles. Now make a model of the water cycle with a partner or small group. Use the instructions below: ●Fill cup about halfway with water. ●Add red food color to the water and stir. ●Use the marker to show water level. ●Put the cup in the bag and sea lit. ●Put the bag in a sunny window. After you finish making the water cycle model, watch carefully what happens to the water in the cup. Check the mark showing the water level. You should see that the water level becomes gradually lower. You should also begin to see small drops of water on the sides and bottom of the bag. The water is evaporating (蒸发) from the heat and then changing from the gas created by evaporating to water drops on the sides of the bag. The drops rundown the sides and will begin to collect at the bottom. This is what happens when the sun heats the ocean. Water vapor rises and forms clouds. The drops running down the sides of the bag are like rain filling on Earth. 1．In which part does “runoff” appear in the picture? A．A B．B C．C D．D 2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Earth’s surface. B．The water on Earth. C．Your experiment. D．This amazing fact. 3．How does the writer introduce the way of making the water cycle model? A．By showing the steps in order. B．By explaining cause and effect. C．By comparing and contrasting. D．By providing the examples in detail. 4．What can we learn from the experiment? A．Successful experiments need a lot of time and hard work. B．Simple experiments can also help understand science well. C．Students do the experiment in order to show their team spirit. D．Students know the amount of water on Earth from the experiment. 5．From which is the passage most probably taken? A．A storybook. B．A book review. C．A science magazine. D．A tourist guide. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤。 1．推理判断题。根据“If it falls on land, it finally works its way back to the ocean as a water overflow called runoff.”可知，如果它落在陆地上，它最终会以一种叫做径流的水溢出的方式返回海洋。所以“runoff”指的是雨水落到陆地上后最终流回海洋的过程。在图示中，D所示的箭头表示地表径流（即从陆地流回海洋）。故选D。 2．代词指代题。根据“The amount of water on Earth now is the same as it was in the past and will be in the future. About 71% of Earth’s surface is water. This includes not only the water in oceans, rivers, and lakes.”可知，现在地球上的水量与过去一样，未来也将如此。大约71%的地球表面是水。这不仅包括海洋、河流和湖泊中的水。此处This指的是“地球上的水”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。文中用“●”分条罗列了做实验的步骤，按照顺序一步步介绍如何制作一个水循环模型，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通过这个简单的 “杯子+塑料袋” 实验就能观察到蒸发、凝结和降水等水循环现象，说明简单的实验也能帮助我们更好地理解科学，故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要是介绍水循环的科普知识，并提供了详细的实验步骤，最可能出自科普类的科学杂志，故选C。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$