高二英语期末模拟卷（上海专用，上教版选修三、四全册）-学易金卷：2024-2025学年高中下学期期末模拟卷

( ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ) ( ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ) ( 此卷只装订 不密封 ) ( ………………○……………… 内 ………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○……………… 线 ………………○……………… … 学校： ______________ 姓名： _____________ 班级： _______________ 考号： ______________________ ) 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三、选修四全册（上教版） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Visiting Anting Old Street made me rethink the story of my journey from Türkiye to China. My major 1 (intend) of coming was to get to know China’s history and culture more deeply, and I knew that doing so would require me to experience life on its streets. My visit to this street in Shanghai seemed 2 (prove) this. Dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), Anting Old Street is still lined with workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings, along 3 antique shops. Biking from shop to shop, I stopped when I saw a group dancing guangchangwu, a type of dance 4 (practice) in public squares across China. People in Türkiye are also very interested in dances. I remember when I first saw it here it made me feel at home, 5 is probably why I’m so fascinated by it. After watching the dancers, I continued my exploration, stopping close to Yansi Bridge that 6 (build) in 1374. Some friendly locals told me the bridge gets its name from the Yanjing and Sijing rivers. The end of the street takes travelers even 7 (far) back in time, with the Puti Temple of the year 239. Walking through the temple’s tree-lined grounds brings 8 sense of peace. Shanghai is 9 (true) an admirable city with a new surprise around every corner. Over the years the city 10 (create) harmony between modern life and its rich heritage full of historical sites. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 11 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 12 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 13 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 14 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 15 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 16 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 17 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 18 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 19 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 20 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 21 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 22 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 23 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 24 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 25 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 26 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 27 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 28 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 29 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 30 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 31 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 32 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 33 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 34 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 35 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 21．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 22．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 23．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 24．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 25．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 26．A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 27．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 28．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 29．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 30．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 31．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 32．A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 33．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 34．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 35．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As midnight approaches in Svalbard, a young polar bear climbs onto an iceberg (冰山) and carves himself a temporary bed before falling asleep. This peaceful moment, capturing the essence of Earth’s delicacy, was taken by Nima Sarikhani, who won Wildlife Photographer of the Year People’s Choice Award, which is decided by public vote. Sarikhani, from the UK, spent three days searching Norway’s Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals. He was finally rewarded with the sight of both an older and younger male shortly after his ship changed course. Sarikhani seized the chance to take a photo of the younger bear sleeping on the iceberg — a scene that not only awakens the bond between an animal and its habitat, but also the need to act on global challenges like climate change and habitat loss. These days, the sight of a lone polar bear on melting ice is a familiar symbol of the impact of climate change. But that is for a good reason: global warming is having a particularly rapid effect on the Arctic, which is heating up at a rate three times as high as that of the average around the world. Among those hardest hit are these bears, which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young. Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it, Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions, it isn’t too late for polar bears. The image will be displayed in an exhibition at the Natural History Museum, London, along with the competition’s four runners-up, until 30 June. 36．Sarikhani’s journey in Svalbard can be described as ______. A．purposeful B．leisurely C．profit-driven D．research-led 37．It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A．polar bears are likely to die out B．the warming of the Arctic just begins C．sea ice cover is vital for polar bears’ survival D．polar bears are adapting well to climate change 38．According to the last paragraph, what’s Sarikhani’s hope for the impact of his photo? A．To arouse people’s sadness for the scene. B．To motivate people to protect polar bears. C．To attract more visitors to the Arctic. D．To boost the popularity of the exhibition. 39．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Svalbard’s quietness: Polar bears’ comfortable zone B．Arctic adventure: Search for a dramatic landscape C．Bearing witness: Polar bears’ shelter on melting ice D．Ice and isolation: A faraway natural wonder (B) Hopping Around the World Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play. Scotch-HoppersChildren in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. Throw the stone into Box 1. Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern. On the way back, hop into Box 1, pick up the stone, and hop out. Then, toss the puck into Box 2, and so on. If your stone enters the wrong box, start over! The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for “snail.” For this game, the pattern looks like a snail. No puck is used. Players hop through the pattern on one foot. You may rest in the center on both feet. After resting, hop back through the pattern and out. If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line, write your name in a space. No other player may land in that space. At the end, the player who owns the most spaces wins. La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia, a country in South America. The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange. Instead of writing a number in each square, players write each day of the week. Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box. Next, kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern. Then, hop out. On your next turn, throw the puck into the next space, and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. At the top is the pig’s head. Toss the puck into the pig’s head and hop through the pattern. When you reach boxes 7 and 8, spin around and pick up the puck from behind. If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake, pick a box and write your name in it. No one else can land in that box! The player who owns the most boxes wins. 40．What are the two common things used in hopscotch? A．Coin and pin. B．Box and chair. C．Snail and space. D．Puck and pattern. 41．Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches? A．It needs more space. B．It doesn’t need a puck. C．It is a snail from France. D．It isn’t a pattern but a line. 42．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The successful winners in the hopscotch. B．The history and development of hopscotch. C．The rules of different versions of hopscotch. D．The popularity of hopscotch all over the world. (C) Cook’s last tour Until recently Captain James Cook was not a particularly controversial figure. But in January a statue of the 18th-century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words “The colony will fall” painted on the base. In Hawaii a monument in Cook’s memory has been covered with red paint and the message “You are on native land.” Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti-colonialist anger. Yet Cook was neither a slave trader nor much of an imperialist. He was, first and foremost, a brilliant navigator and mapmaker. Acting under government orders, he undertook three pioneering voyages in the Pacific between 1768 and 1779. His map-making transformed Europeans knowledge of the world’s largest ocean. An excellent new book draws on Cook’s letters and notebooks to tell the story of his third and final trip. Cook was almost 50 when he set off on HMS Resolution in July 1776. Cook had secret instructions from the government not only to claim new territory for Britain, but to search for a north west passage via the Bering Strait, a task even someone with his navigational experience found impossible. The author, Hampton Sides, focuses on Cook’s return to Australia and New Zealand — countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier — his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii. It was there, in February 1779, that he was killed after a failed attempt to kidnap a local chief in response to the theft of a longboat. Cook was a man of his era. He believed Europe would have a civilising influence on many benighted (愚昧无知的) folk in the Pacific. He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him. At the same time, Cook admired many of the people and places he encountered in the South Pacific. Unlike the Spanish, he had no interest in religious conversion. He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease. For the most part, his land claims were aimed not at promoting a British empire but preventing grabs by its rivals, France and Spain. As the author makes clear, there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook’s seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples’ first contact with Europeans. Today many Western countries are divided over how to think about such vexed legacies (棘手的后遗症). In 2020 half of Britons thought it was right that Colston’s statue was removed. Cook’s statue still stands in London, as does Rhodes’s in Oxford. The question is whether they will enjoy their high positions much longer. 43．How do the public regard Cook currently? A．He is nobler than Colston and Rhodes. B．He is not a controversial historic figure. C．They blame the fall of the colony on him. D．Some people regard Cook as a colonialist. 44．During Cook’s first voyage in the Pacific Ocean, he _________. A．landed the Society Islands and New Zealand B．commanded a warship called HMS Resolution C．searched for a route by way of the Bering Strait D．was revenged on a local chief for stealing a boat 45．Cook’s behaviour can be described as ________. A．patriotic and religious B．well-intentioned and iron-handed C．charitable and moral D．rebellious and awe-inspiring 46．Which of the following does Hampton Sides, the author of a book on Cook agree with? A．It is justifiable to remove Colston’s, Cook’s and Rhodes’s statue. B．Cook mainly aimed to expand domains by grabbing land from Spain. C．We should view Cook’s adventure and British colonialism objectively. D．The vexed legacies result from division in whether to remove the statues. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Fossil Fuel (矿物燃料) Diet Would you like adding fossil fuel dressing to your tomato salad, or how about coating salt water fish with it? If only it were so easy to see the effect of fossil fuels on food production, even environmentally friendly food lovers might find their lunch turning to ash in their mouths. The global food system is more dependent on fossil fuels than we tend to recognize. They power the tractors that prepare fields and the pumps that extract groundwater for soil watering. They are used to manufacture fertilizers. They drive the trucks, trains, and ships that transport food. 47 So says energy scholar Vaclav Smil, who has done some calculations to illustrate this point. He estimates that producing an average French loaf requires the equivalent of about 30 milliliters of diesel (柴油) fuel. A kilogram of roast chicken requires over 300 milliliters. Surprisingly, a kilogram of tomatoes cultivated in a heated greenhouse and transported long distances requires twice as much diesel as the poultry (家禽). 48 . Producing a kilogram of farmed salt water fish, for example, uses a shocking 2 liters of diesel, according to Smil. 49 . It is also a major reason why agriculture generates around a third of greenhouse gas emissions and is a dominant driver of biodiversity loss. For a healthier planet, we must find a way to stop “eating” fossil fuels. Unfortunately, ending that dependency will be even tougher than reducing emissions from the power network or transportation. But there are a thousand things we could be doing better now. 50 . Governments should support farming practices that conserve carbon-storing soil and use water and fertilizers more efficiently. And we should eat much less meat. If we don’t, we are stuck seasoning each bite with diesel. A．Reducing food waste should be a top priority. B．In fact, we may as well think of ourselves as eating fossil fuels. C．Despite this, many farmers are already producing food with minimal fossil fuel input. D．Fortunately, removing fossil fuels from food production is a simple and straightforward process. E．Seafood is often even worse due to the inefficiency of feeding them with smaller, wild-caught fish. F．This intensive use of energy from fossil fuels is not only surprising but also contributes to the global food oversupply. III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们为他人撑伞正是因为我们曾经淋过雨。 ( It … ) (汉译英) 53．户外活动对孩子的注意力和记忆力有好处。(benefit v.)(汉译英) 54．我三岁时就开始学游泳, 这在今天来看是过早了。(need)(汉译英) 55．我看他似乎把同学的付出视为理所当然了。(appear)（汉译英） V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．你校校报将举行一个“10年后我回高中学校时要带的一个礼物”的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括： 1.物品简介； 2.你的理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第9页（共12页） 试题 第10页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三、选修四全册（上教版） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Visiting Anting Old Street made me rethink the story of my journey from Türkiye to China. My major 1 (intend) of coming was to get to know China’s history and culture more deeply, and I knew that doing so would require me to experience life on its streets. My visit to this street in Shanghai seemed 2 (prove) this. Dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), Anting Old Street is still lined with workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings, along 3 antique shops. Biking from shop to shop, I stopped when I saw a group dancing guangchangwu, a type of dance 4 (practice) in public squares across China. People in Türkiye are also very interested in dances. I remember when I first saw it here it made me feel at home, 5 is probably why I’m so fascinated by it. After watching the dancers, I continued my exploration, stopping close to Yansi Bridge that 6 (build) in 1374. Some friendly locals told me the bridge gets its name from the Yanjing and Sijing rivers. The end of the street takes travelers even 7 (far) back in time, with the Puti Temple of the year 239. Walking through the temple’s tree-lined grounds brings 8 sense of peace. Shanghai is 9 (true) an admirable city with a new surprise around every corner. Over the years the city 10 (create) harmony between modern life and its rich heritage full of historical sites. 【答案】 1．intention 2．to prove 3．with 4．practiced 5．which 6．was built 7．further 8．a 9．truly 10．has created 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了来自土耳其的作者游览上海的安亭老街的见闻感受。 1．考查名词。句意：我来中国的主要目的是为了更深入地了解中国的历史和文化，我知道这样做需要我体验中国的街头生活。major是形容词，修饰名词，intend的名词是intention，意为“目的”，由was可知，空格处用单数，故填intention。 2．考查不定式。句意：我对上海这条街的访问似乎证明了这一点。seem to do sth.是固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to prove。故填to prove。 3．考查介词。句意：自明朝（1368-1644）以来，安亭老街仍然林立着生产手工艺品、雕刻和绘画的作坊，以及古董店。along with是固定短语，意为“和”，因此空格处是介词with，故填with。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我骑着自行车从一家商店逛到另一家商店，当我看到一个集体舞蹈“广场舞”时，我停了下来，这种舞蹈在中国各地的公共广场上都有。when引导的从句中谓语是saw，空格处用非谓语动词，dance和practice之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语，故填practiced。 5．考查定语从句。句意：我记得当我第一次在这里看到它的时候，它让我有宾至如归的感觉，这可能就是我对它如此着迷的原因。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，主语是前面主句的内容，因此用which引导定语从句，故填which。 6．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：看完舞者，我继续探索，停在1374年建造的严泗桥附近。严泗桥是过去被修建的，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，that指代的先行词Yansi Bridge是单数，因此空格处是was built。故填was built。 7．考查比较级。句意：这条街的尽头带着游客回到了更远的时间，来到了239年的；菩提神庙。even修饰比较级，此处是抽象概念，因此比较级用further。故填further。 8．考查冠词。句意：漫步在绿树成荫的寺庙庭院中，会带来一种宁静的感觉。a sense of peace是固定短语，意为“一种宁静的感觉”，故填a。 9．考查副词。句意：上海确实是一个令人钦佩的城市，每个角落都有新的惊喜。空格处用副词truly作状语，truly意为“真正地”，故填truly。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这座城市在现代生活和充满历史遗迹的丰富遗产之间创造了和谐。由Over the years可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语the city是单数，因此空格处是has created，故填has created。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 11 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 12 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 13 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 14 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 15 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 16 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 17 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 18 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 19 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 20 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. 【答案】 11．H 12．F 13．K 14．G 15．J 16．B 17．D 18．I 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。 11．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据“In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants; now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the”以及句意“药物”可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。 12．考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据“One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health.(一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素)”以及句意“邻居”可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。 13．考查比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据“off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression”以及句意“更加贫穷”可知短语为worse off，故选K。 14．考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据“In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.(仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗)”以及句意“负担过重”可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。 15．考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据“to medication”以及句意“求助于”可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。 16．考查副词。句意：总的来说，这是一件好事。根据“A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants — or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.(羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了)”以及句意“总的来说”可知应填副词broadly，故选B。 17．考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据“Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re-labeling common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses.(调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病)”以及句意“不利之处”可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。 18．考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据“common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses”以及句意“重新定义为”可知应填动词re-label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。 19．考查动词。句意：“如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，”阿德里安·梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据“it to 30%, 50% of the population”以及句意“应用”可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。 20．考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据“interplay of genetic and environmental factors”以及句意“复杂”可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。 II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 21 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 22 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 23 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 24 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 25 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 26 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 27 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 28 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 29 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 30 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 31 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 32 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 33 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 34 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 35 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 21．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 22．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 23．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 24．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 25．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 26．A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 27．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 28．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 29．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 30．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 31．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 32．A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 33．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 34．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 35．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood 【答案】 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是说明文。气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加天气预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。天气雷达技术的进步，尤其是NEXRAD这种雷达体系，能够更准确及时地预报不同程度的天气状况，进而给人们警告，让人们采取适当的防范措施。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：气象学家和科学家们一直在研究增加风暴预警时间的新方法，以期减少生命损失。A. loss 失去；B. increase 增长；C. protection 保护；D. value 价值。根据上文“Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather.”可知，历史上，许多人死于恶劣天气。结合此句句意，科学家应该是研究新方法减少生命的损失，故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，当地的天气雷达已经取得了进步，这使得预报风暴路径的精确度更高。A. changing 改变；B. controlling 控制；C. predicting 预测；D. guiding 指导。根据前文“In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made”可知，天气雷达技术已经取得了进步，所以“预报”的精确度更高，故选C。 23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络。A. faced with 面对；B. exposed to 暴露；C. involved in 包含在……，与……有关；D. made up of 组成。分析句子结构可知，此空是过去分词作a tracking network的后置定语，结合空后“158 Doppler weather radars.”以及选项可知，此处表示“一个由158个多普勒天气雷达组成的跟踪网络 ”。故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨中，这个高分辨率的计算机系统读取关于空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速的数据。A. structure 结构；B. system 体系；C. mode 方式，风格；D. style 方式，样式。上文“eteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar).”提到了使用这种被称作NEXRAD的先进的追踪系统，用这个系统，气象学家和科学家已经能够成功地跟踪严重的雷暴和可能的龙卷风，所以此处指的就是这个系统。故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些读数被传回当地的气象计算机，屏幕上会出现一幅彩色图像，让气象学家清楚地了解地平线上的天气情况。A. figures 数字；B. data 数据；C. readings 读数；D. statistics 统计数字。上文“And during a storm this high-resolution computerized　　　4　　　takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.”提到这种体系读取空气中的降水量、云层的运动和风速这些数据，所以此处指的就是把这些传回当地的气象计算机的读数。故选C。 26．考查副词短语辨析。句意：很有可能，在你的电视屏幕上，你会看到电脑模拟的未来风暴的图像。A. Most likely 很有可能地；B. Most evidently 最明显地；C. Most interestingly 最有趣地；D. Most importantly 最重要地。副词修饰整句话，根据后文“on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.”和选项，可知此处表示的是，很有可能，你会在电视上看到电脑模拟的天气图像。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果风暴足够严重，那么国家气象局（NWS）将为你所在地区发布严重雷暴警告的恶劣天气报告。A. decide 决定；B. estimate 估计；C. handle 处理；D. issue 宣布；公布。根据后文“severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，此处表示有很严重风暴时，国家气象局会“发布”恶劣天气报告，故选D。 28．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果这样的话，雷达捕捉到的风暴将产生强大的可读数的风、可探测的闪电和一些冰雹。A. By the way 顺便说；B. In that case 在那种情况下；如果这样的话；C. To some extent 在某种程度上；D. On the contrary 正相反。根据上文“If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 　　　7　　　severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area.”可知，雷达可以监测风暴情况，如果有严重的风暴，国家气象局就会发布严重风暴的天气报告，如果这样的话，这些报告会预测风暴将会引起怎样的风以及闪电，也就是通过雷达技术，会预测到风暴会产生的强风的风力和风速（就是readable winds可读数的风，也就是可测风力和风向的风)和闪电（就是detectable lightning可检测的闪电）。故选B。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当恶劣天气来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的。A. vital 重要的；B. reasonable 合理的；C. normal 正常的；D. available 可使用的，有空的。根据前文“Paying attention to the weather map”以及后文“when severe weather is around.”可知，严重风暴来临时，注意天气图是至关重要的，这会让你清楚风暴的具体情况，进而做出合适的应对。故选A。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视屏幕上，你会看到降水图上有几种颜色，从蓝色（最轻）到黑色（最重）。A. expanding 扩大，增加；B. spreading 展开，打开；C. ranging (在一定的范围内)变化，变动；D. extending 延伸。根据前文“you will see several colors on the precipitation map”，以及空后“from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest)”可知，此处表示的是这些颜色的变化范围。故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你所在的特定区域的颜色是黄色，请小心。A. proper 合适的；B. specific 特定的；C. typical 典型的；D. regular 规则的，定期的。根据后文“area are yellow, take caution.”可知，此处表示的是你所在的特定区域。故选B。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年早些时候，当乔治亚州亚特兰大的当地天气雷达报告有强风、环形风和大冰雹时，国家气象局发布了龙卷风警报。A. process 过程；B. threat 威胁；C. warning 警告；D. sign 签名。根据下文“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 　　　13　　　which areas needed to be warned.”可知，该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴的路径，然后发出警告。故选C项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该地区的气象学家利用收集到的数据来预测风暴将经过的路径，指出哪些地区需要预警。A. indicating 表明，指出；B. recognizing 认出，识别；C. covering覆盖；D. recommending 推荐。根据空前“Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take”可知，该地区的气象学家预测风暴将经过的路径，这样就可以指出哪些地区需要预警，故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，以便在风暴来袭前找到避难所。A. rescue 营救；B. residence 住所；C. support 支持；D. shelter 避难处，住处。根据句意可知，此处表示多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在恶劣天气期间，注意当地的天气来源对您的安全起着至关重要的作用。A. local 当地的；B. international 国际的；C. nationwide 全国范围的；D. neighborhood街坊。根据前文“Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek　　　14　　　before the storm hit.”可知，多亏了这项技术，大多数居民提前收到恶劣天气报告，这样就可以在风暴来袭之前找到“避难所”，所以应是注意当地的天气来源。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As midnight approaches in Svalbard, a young polar bear climbs onto an iceberg (冰山) and carves himself a temporary bed before falling asleep. This peaceful moment, capturing the essence of Earth’s delicacy, was taken by Nima Sarikhani, who won Wildlife Photographer of the Year People’s Choice Award, which is decided by public vote. Sarikhani, from the UK, spent three days searching Norway’s Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals. He was finally rewarded with the sight of both an older and younger male shortly after his ship changed course. Sarikhani seized the chance to take a photo of the younger bear sleeping on the iceberg — a scene that not only awakens the bond between an animal and its habitat, but also the need to act on global challenges like climate change and habitat loss. These days, the sight of a lone polar bear on melting ice is a familiar symbol of the impact of climate change. But that is for a good reason: global warming is having a particularly rapid effect on the Arctic, which is heating up at a rate three times as high as that of the average around the world. Among those hardest hit are these bears, which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young. Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it, Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions, it isn’t too late for polar bears. The image will be displayed in an exhibition at the Natural History Museum, London, along with the competition’s four runners-up, until 30 June. 36．Sarikhani’s journey in Svalbard can be described as ______. A．purposeful B．leisurely C．profit-driven D．research-led 37．It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A．polar bears are likely to die out B．the warming of the Arctic just begins C．sea ice cover is vital for polar bears’ survival D．polar bears are adapting well to climate change 38．According to the last paragraph, what’s Sarikhani’s hope for the impact of his photo? A．To arouse people’s sadness for the scene. B．To motivate people to protect polar bears. C．To attract more visitors to the Arctic. D．To boost the popularity of the exhibition. 39．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Svalbard’s quietness: Polar bears’ comfortable zone B．Arctic adventure: Search for a dramatic landscape C．Bearing witness: Polar bears’ shelter on melting ice D．Ice and isolation: A faraway natural wonder 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．B 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要通过一幅睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊。 36．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Sarikhani, from the UK, spent three days searching Norway’s Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals.(来自英国的Sarikhani花了三天时间搜索挪威的斯瓦尔巴群岛，希望能看到这些象征性的北极动物。) ”可知，Sarikhani的这次旅行是有目的的，A. purposeful有目的的；B. leisurely不慌不忙的；C. profit-driven利益驱使的；D. research-led以研究为导向的。故选A项。 37．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Among those hardest hit are these bears, which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young.(受影响最严重的是这些北极熊，它们赖以狩猎和养育幼崽的海冰覆盖减少，对它们的威胁越来越大。) ”可知，海冰覆盖对于北极熊的生存极其重要，故选C项。 38．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it, Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions, it isn’t too late for polar bears.(尽管他的照片旨在唤起那些看到它的人的情感，但Sarikhani乐观地认为，只要采取正确的行动，对北极熊来说还为时不晚。) ”可知，Sarikhani的照片旨在激励人行动起来保护北极熊，故选B项。 39．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要通过一幅睡在融化的冰川上的孤独的北极熊的照片，展现出全球气候变暖对生物的影响，以此激励人们行动起来保护北极熊，C项“Bearing witness: Polar bears’ shelter on melting ice(见证：融化的冰川上的北极熊的住所)”符合题意，故选C项。 (B) Hopping Around the World Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play. Scotch-HoppersChildren in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. Throw the stone into Box 1. Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern. On the way back, hop into Box 1, pick up the stone, and hop out. Then, toss the puck into Box 2, and so on. If your stone enters the wrong box, start over! The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for “snail.” For this game, the pattern looks like a snail. No puck is used. Players hop through the pattern on one foot. You may rest in the center on both feet. After resting, hop back through the pattern and out. If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line, write your name in a space. No other player may land in that space. At the end, the player who owns the most spaces wins. La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia, a country in South America. The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange. Instead of writing a number in each square, players write each day of the week. Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box. Next, kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern. Then, hop out. On your next turn, throw the puck into the next space, and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. At the top is the pig’s head. Toss the puck into the pig’s head and hop through the pattern. When you reach boxes 7 and 8, spin around and pick up the puck from behind. If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake, pick a box and write your name in it. No one else can land in that box! The player who owns the most boxes wins. 40．What are the two common things used in hopscotch? A．Coin and pin. B．Box and chair. C．Snail and space. D．Puck and pattern. 41．Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches? A．It needs more space. B．It doesn’t need a puck. C．It is a snail from France. D．It isn’t a pattern but a line. 42．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The successful winners in the hopscotch. B．The history and development of hopscotch. C．The rules of different versions of hopscotch. D．The popularity of hopscotch all over the world. 【答案】40．D 41．B 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界各地不同版本的跳房子。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through(跳房子游戏是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，比如一块石头，以及一个让玩家跳跃的图案。)”可知，跳房子游戏中最常用的两种东西是冰球和图案。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据Scotch-Hoppers部分中的“Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. (英格兰和苏格兰的孩子们用石头或硬币玩这个游戏。)”，Escargot部分中的“No puck is used.(不使用冰球)”，La Thunkuna部分中的“The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange(冰球是一块石头或橙子皮)”和Gat Fei Gei部分中的“In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. (在这个中国版的跳房子游戏中，冰球是一块屋顶瓦片)”可知，Escargot 与其他跳房子的不同之处在于它不需要冰球。故选B。 42．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Hopping Around the World(世界各地的跳房子)”和第一段“Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play.(跳房子游戏是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，比如一块石头，以及一个让玩家跳跃的图案。这里有不同的版本。)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界上不同版本跳房子游戏的规则。故选C。 (C) Cook’s last tour Until recently Captain James Cook was not a particularly controversial figure. But in January a statue of the 18th-century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words “The colony will fall” painted on the base. In Hawaii a monument in Cook’s memory has been covered with red paint and the message “You are on native land.” Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti-colonialist anger. Yet Cook was neither a slave trader nor much of an imperialist. He was, first and foremost, a brilliant navigator and mapmaker. Acting under government orders, he undertook three pioneering voyages in the Pacific between 1768 and 1779. His map-making transformed Europeans knowledge of the world’s largest ocean. An excellent new book draws on Cook’s letters and notebooks to tell the story of his third and final trip. Cook was almost 50 when he set off on HMS Resolution in July 1776. Cook had secret instructions from the government not only to claim new territory for Britain, but to search for a north west passage via the Bering Strait, a task even someone with his navigational experience found impossible. The author, Hampton Sides, focuses on Cook’s return to Australia and New Zealand — countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier — his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii. It was there, in February 1779, that he was killed after a failed attempt to kidnap a local chief in response to the theft of a longboat. Cook was a man of his era. He believed Europe would have a civilising influence on many benighted (愚昧无知的) folk in the Pacific. He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him. At the same time, Cook admired many of the people and places he encountered in the South Pacific. Unlike the Spanish, he had no interest in religious conversion. He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease. For the most part, his land claims were aimed not at promoting a British empire but preventing grabs by its rivals, France and Spain. As the author makes clear, there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook’s seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples’ first contact with Europeans. Today many Western countries are divided over how to think about such vexed legacies (棘手的后遗症). In 2020 half of Britons thought it was right that Colston’s statue was removed. Cook’s statue still stands in London, as does Rhodes’s in Oxford. The question is whether they will enjoy their high positions much longer. 43．How do the public regard Cook currently? A．He is nobler than Colston and Rhodes. B．He is not a controversial historic figure. C．They blame the fall of the colony on him. D．Some people regard Cook as a colonialist. 44．During Cook’s first voyage in the Pacific Ocean, he _________. A．landed the Society Islands and New Zealand B．commanded a warship called HMS Resolution C．searched for a route by way of the Bering Strait D．was revenged on a local chief for stealing a boat 45．Cook’s behaviour can be described as ________. A．patriotic and religious B．well-intentioned and iron-handed C．charitable and moral D．rebellious and awe-inspiring 46．Which of the following does Hampton Sides, the author of a book on Cook agree with? A．It is justifiable to remove Colston’s, Cook’s and Rhodes’s statue. B．Cook mainly aimed to expand domains by grabbing land from Spain. C．We should view Cook’s adventure and British colonialism objectively. D．The vexed legacies result from division in whether to remove the statues. 【答案】43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章概述了詹姆斯·库克船长的历史形象和现代争议。库克是一位杰出的航海家和制图师，但因殖民主义背景而受到现代反殖民情绪的冲击。文章通过库克的信件和作家的分析，展示了他的复杂性：既是探险家也是殖民者。 43．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in January a statue of the 18th-century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words “The colony will fall” painted on the base. In Hawaii a monument in Cook’s memory has been covered with red paint and the message “You are on native land.” Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti-colonialist anger. (但今年1月，这位18世纪英国探险家的雕像在墨尔本被推倒，底座上写着“殖民地将沦陷”的字样。在夏威夷，一座纪念Cook的纪念碑被涂上了红漆，上面写着“你在原住民土地上”。Cook与Edward Colston和Cecil Rhodes一样，成为反殖民主义愤怒的焦点)”可知，目前有些人认为Cook是殖民主义者。故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The author, Hampton Sides, focuses on Cook’s return to Australia and New Zealand—countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier—his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii. (作者Hampton Sides将重点放在库克回到澳大利亚和新西兰——这位探险家在近10年前第一次遇到这两个国家——他发现了社会群岛，并在夏威夷度过了一段时间)”可知，Cook在太平洋的第一次航行中，登陆了社会群岛和新西兰。故选A项。 45．推理判断题。根据第五段中“He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him. (他在惩罚自己的船员和任何反对他的土著人时都很残忍)”可知，Cook有残忍的一面；根据第六段中“Unlike the Spanish, he had no interest in religious conversion. He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease. (与西班牙人不同，他对宗教皈依不感兴趣。他竭力阻止部下传播疾病)”可知，他在航海中也有善意的一面，阻止部下传播疾病。因此，他的行为可以用善意和铁腕来形容。故选B项。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the author makes clear, there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook’s seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples’ first contact with Europeans. (正如作者明确指出的那样，在对Cook航海技术的合理钦佩和对原住民与欧洲人第一次接触后出现的殖民主义的合理仇恨之间，需要找到一个平衡)”可推知，该书的作者认为我们应该客观地看待Cook的冒险和英国殖民主义。故选C项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Fossil Fuel (矿物燃料) Diet Would you like adding fossil fuel dressing to your tomato salad, or how about coating salt water fish with it? If only it were so easy to see the effect of fossil fuels on food production, even environmentally friendly food lovers might find their lunch turning to ash in their mouths. The global food system is more dependent on fossil fuels than we tend to recognize. They power the tractors that prepare fields and the pumps that extract groundwater for soil watering. They are used to manufacture fertilizers. They drive the trucks, trains, and ships that transport food. 47 So says energy scholar Vaclav Smil, who has done some calculations to illustrate this point. He estimates that producing an average French loaf requires the equivalent of about 30 milliliters of diesel (柴油) fuel. A kilogram of roast chicken requires over 300 milliliters. Surprisingly, a kilogram of tomatoes cultivated in a heated greenhouse and transported long distances requires twice as much diesel as the poultry (家禽). 48 . Producing a kilogram of farmed salt water fish, for example, uses a shocking 2 liters of diesel, according to Smil. 49 . It is also a major reason why agriculture generates around a third of greenhouse gas emissions and is a dominant driver of biodiversity loss. For a healthier planet, we must find a way to stop “eating” fossil fuels. Unfortunately, ending that dependency will be even tougher than reducing emissions from the power network or transportation. But there are a thousand things we could be doing better now. 50 . Governments should support farming practices that conserve carbon-storing soil and use water and fertilizers more efficiently. And we should eat much less meat. If we don’t, we are stuck seasoning each bite with diesel. A．Reducing food waste should be a top priority. B．In fact, we may as well think of ourselves as eating fossil fuels. C．Despite this, many farmers are already producing food with minimal fossil fuel input. D．Fortunately, removing fossil fuels from food production is a simple and straightforward process. E．Seafood is often even worse due to the inefficiency of feeding them with smaller, wild-caught fish. F．This intensive use of energy from fossil fuels is not only surprising but also contributes to the global food oversupply. 【答案】47．B 48．E 49．F 50．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了全球粮食系统对矿物燃料的依赖和后果以及如何结束这种依赖。 47．下文“So says energy scholar Vaclav Smil, who has done some calculations to illustrate this point. He estimates that producing an average French loaf requires the equivalent of about 30 milliliters of diesel (柴油) fuel. A kilogram of roast chicken requires over 300 milliliters. Surprisingly, a kilogram of tomatoes cultivated in a heated greenhouse and transported long distances requires twice as much diesel as the poultry (家禽).(能源学者Vaclav Smil表示，他通过一些计算来说明这一点。他估计，生产一条法式面包平均需要大约30毫升柴油燃料。一公斤烤鸡需要300多毫升。令人惊讶的是，在加热的温室中种植一公斤西红柿并长途运输所需的柴油是家禽的两倍)”举例说明食物对矿物燃料的依赖，结合标题“The Fossil Fuel (矿物燃料) Diet(矿物燃料饮食)”可知，B项“事实上，我们不妨把自己看作是在吃化石燃料”符合语境，引起下文，并呼应标题，故选B。 48．根据下文的举例“Producing a kilogram of farmed salt water fish, for example, uses a shocking 2 liters of diesel, according to Smil.(例如，据Smil称，生产一公斤养殖咸水鱼需要消耗2升柴油，这令人震惊。)”可知，E项“海鲜往往更糟糕，因为用更小的、野生捕获的鱼喂养它们效率低下”符合语境，和上文“Surprisingly, a kilogram of tomatoes cultivated in a heated greenhouse and transported long distances requires twice as much diesel as the poultry (家禽).(令人惊讶的是，在加热的温室中种植一公斤西红柿并长途运输所需的柴油是家禽的两倍)”并列，说明生产各种食物需要消耗的矿物燃料，同时和下文形成例证关系，故选E。 49．根据下文“It is also a major reason why agriculture generates around a third of greenhouse gas emissions and is a dominant driver of biodiversity loss.(这也是农业产生约三分之一温室气体排放的主要原因，也是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素)”中关键词“also”可知，空处也是说明消耗大量矿物燃料导致的后果，F项“这种对矿物燃料能源的大量使用不仅令人惊讶，而且还导致了全球粮食供应过剩”符合语境，故选F。 50．上文“But there are a thousand things we could be doing better now.(但我们现在有很多事情可以做得更好)”提到我们可以通过各种方法来减少对矿物燃料的依赖，空处应是紧接着说明怎么做，A项“减少食物浪费应该是当务之急”符合语境，和下文“Governments should support farming practices that conserve carbon-storing soil and use water and fertilizers more efficiently. And we should eat much less meat. If we don’t, we are stuck seasoning each bite with diesel.(各国政府应支持保护碳储存土壤和更有效地利用水和肥料的耕作方式。我们应该少吃肉。如果我们不这样做，我们每一口都要用柴油调味)”并列说明具体方法，故选A。 III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. To prevent this, steps like regular breaks and maintaining a work-life balance are essential. (51words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，脑力劳动可能和体力劳动一样累人，因为它需要集中注意力，消耗脑力，燃烧卡路里。大量的脑力劳动也会导致持续的情感需求所导致的情感疲惫。为了防止这种情况，定期休息和保持工作与生活的平衡是必不可少的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. ② Mental work requires focus and attention, consuming mental energy and willpower, and can even burn calories. ③ A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing, leading to emotional exhaustion. ④ To prevent mental exhaustion, take regular breaks, maintain a work-life balance, and prioritize self-care. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点作为引言，概括文章主题；将第2、3点合并，阐述脑力劳动导致疲劳的原因；将第4点作为结论，提出预防脑力疲劳的方法。 3. 遣词造句 Recent research indicates that mental work can be equally tiring as physical labor. This is because mental work demands concentration, consumes mental energy, and can even lead to emotional exhaustion due to constant emotional demands. To avoid this, taking regular breaks and maintaining a healthy work-life balance are crucial. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. （运用了for引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2] Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. （运用了过去分词作定语）。 IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们为他人撑伞正是因为我们曾经淋过雨。 ( It … ) (汉译英) 【答案】It is because we have once been caught in the rain that we hold umbrellas for others. 【详解】考查动词以及强调句。分析句子可知，“因为我们曾经淋过雨” 是原因状语从句，使用because引导从句，“淋过雨”应使用动词短语be caught in the rain，根据句意可知，原因状语从句应使用现在完成时，因此，从句可以翻译成because we have once been caught in the rain。“撑伞”的英语是hold umbrellas，句子陈述现在状态，时态使用一般现在时，因此本句可以翻译成We hold umbrellas for others because we have once been caught in the rain。根据题目要求使用“It …”句型，可以把句子写成强调句结构，强调的是原因状语从句“因为我们曾经淋过雨”，故翻译为It is because we have once been caught in the rain that we hold umbrellas for others. 53．户外活动对孩子的注意力和记忆力有好处。(benefit v.)(汉译英) 【答案】Outdoor activities benefit children in concentration and memory. 【详解】考查名词、动词以及时态。句子陈述事实，时态使用一般现在时。根据题目要求使用动词“benefit”，可以把句子写成主谓宾结构，主语“户外活动”的表示泛指，用复数形式Outdoor activities；谓语动词用benefit；宾语“孩子”的表示泛指，用复数形式children；构成固定短语benefit sb in something“使某人在某方面受益”；表示“注意力”的英语是名词concentration，不可数名词；表示“记忆力”的英语是名词memory，不可数名词；concentration和memory用作介词in的宾语。故翻译为Outdoor activities benefit children in concentration and memory. 54．我三岁时就开始学游泳, 这在今天来看是过早了。(need)(汉译英) 【答案】I began to learn to swim at the age of three, which now I believe I needn’t have started so early. 【详解】考查情态动词和定语从句。表示“开始做某事”用begin to do，表示“学游泳”用learn to swim，表示“三岁时”用at the age of three，根据汉语提示，表示“我三岁时就开始学游泳”，该句中表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时，故用I began to learn to swim at the age of three；表示“本不需要做某事”使用needn't have done的结构，表示对过去动作的虚拟，表示“开始”用start，表示“如此地早”用so early，故表示“这在今天来看是过早了”用which now I believe I needn’t have started so early，该结构中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代前文的事实。故翻译为I began to learn to swim at the age of three, which now I believe I needn’t have started so early. 55．我看他似乎把同学的付出视为理所当然了。(appear)（汉译英） 【答案】It appears to me that he takes classmates’ contribution for granted. 【详解】考查固定句式和动词短语。it appears to me that意为“据我看来”，为固定句式。表示“把……视为理所当然”应用动词短语take...for granted。表示“同学的付出”应用classmates’ contribution。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。从句主语he为第三人称单数。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为It appears to me that he takes classmates’ contribution for granted.。 V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．你校校报将举行一个“10年后我回高中学校时要带的一个礼物”的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括： 1.物品简介； 2.你的理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】    If I have the privilege to revisit my high school a decade later, what I want to bring along most is a time capsule, which would express my gratitude to the teachers and my cherished memories of school life. With a simple touch of the button, the time capsule, in the shape of our school, will open itself to display memorable moments in high school — past students’ graduation photos, teachers’ inspiring lectures, and even shots of campus changes over time. The gift contains our deep emotional attachment to our beloved school, reminding us that no matter how far we go, our roots remain here. In a word, the time capsule is the best choice for me. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇主题为“10年后我回高中学校时要带的一个礼物”的征文，向校报投稿。 【详解】 1.词汇积累 表达：express→convey 珍藏的：cherished→treasured 展示；表现：display→showcase 鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encouraging 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With a simple touch of the button, the time capsule, in the shape of our school, will open itself to display memorable moments in high school. 拓展句：With a simple touch of the button, the time capsule, which is in the shape of our school, will open itself to display memorable moments in high school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If I should have the privilege to revisit my high school a decade later, what I want to bring along most is a time capsule, which would express my gratitude to the teachers and my cherished memories of school life.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句、what引导的主语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】The gift contains our deep emotional attachment to our beloved school, reminding us that no matter how far we go, our roots remain here.(运用了现在分词短语作状语和no matter how引导的让步状语从句) 2 / 21 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$■■■■ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语·答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 c03 01 t01 [01 03 C0] t01 01 [1门 cij C1] t1门 注拿豪项 [21 21 21 21 21 [21 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 31 31 t31 31 3 t31 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 t4] [4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 S000 00.00 rs] 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 61 [6] 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 改液、刮纸刀。 1 91 t91 91 9 t9] 9 5.正确填涂 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) 21 [A][B]ICID 26 IA]IB]ICID] 31 [AJIB]ICHD] 16【A1IB1ICID】 22【A1IB11CID1 271A11B1IC[D1 32 [A]IB][CIID] 17 IA]IBI(CHD] 23 [A][B]ICHD] 28【A11B1HCID1 33 IA][BI[CHDI 18【A1IB1ICID1 24 [A]IB]ICHD] 2 [AJIBJICHDI 34 [A]IB]ICHD] 1 [A]IB]ICHD] 25【A1IB1ICMD1 30 [A][B]IC]D] 35 [A]IB]ICHD] 20 [A]IB][CID] 36 IA][B]ICIID] 41【1IB1IC1ID1 6 [AJIB][C][D] 37 IAJIB]ICIID] 42 [AJ[B]IC][D] 47 IAJIB]ICIIDI[EJIF) 38 [A][B]ICI[D] 43 [AJIBJICJID] 48 [A]IB]IC][D][ 39 [A][B][C]ID] 44 [A][B]IC][D] [AJIB][CJID][EI[F] 401A1[B][C1ID] 45 [AJ[B]ICJID] 50 [AJIB][C][D][E]IFI 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） I.Grammar and Vocabulary(每题1分：共20分) 3 10 11 12 13 14 15. 16 17 18 19 20 英语第1页（共2页） IL.Summary Writing(共10分) IV.Translation供15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分：第3题4分：第4题5分。) 52 的 53. 54 55. V.Guided Writing (25) 学 篇 英语第2页（共2页） 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语·参考答案 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） 1．intention 2．to prove 3．with 4．practiced 5．which 6．was built 7．further 8．a 9．truly 10．has created 11．H 12．F 13．K 14．G 15．J 16．B 17．D 18．I 19．A 20．C II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．C 47．B 48．E 49．F 50．A III.Summary Writing(共10分) Recent research reveals mental work can be as tiring as physical labor, for it demands focus, consumes mental energy and burns calories. Much mental work also leads to emotional exhaustion caused by constant emotional demands. To prevent this, steps like regular breaks and maintaining a work-life balance are essential. (51words) IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。) 52．It is because we have once been caught in the rain that we hold umbrellas for others. 53．Outdoor activities benefit children in concentration and memory. 54．I began to learn to swim at the age of three, which now I believe I needn’t have started so early. 55．It appears to me that he takes classmates’ contribution for granted. V.Guided Writing (共25分) If I have the privilege to revisit my high school a decade later, what I want to bring along most is a time capsule, which would express my gratitude to the teachers and my cherished memories of school life. With a simple touch of the button, the time capsule, in the shape of our school, will open itself to display memorable moments in high school — past students’ graduation photos, teachers’ inspiring lectures, and even shots of campus changes over time. The gift contains our deep emotional attachment to our beloved school, reminding us that no matter how far we go, our roots remain here. In a word, the time capsule is the best choice for me. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语·答题卡 姓 名: 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 -- 。-N(o寸1oo1~o。” 。-N1)410 。-co寸10 0 。-Nco寸1oo11oD 0 C 。-(o41oo -C -24 1_ 注意事项 C& C 1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,并 0 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 ,。- (-也。 2. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须用0.5mm 1 1 叫 黑色字迹的签字笔填写,字体工整 1 ~oo 6 。1~ 3. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答,超出答题区域范围 6 6 1 的答案无效,在草纸,试卷上作答无效 1 1 1 1 C 。 8 4. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂 。 。 改液、刮纸刀。 C 5. 正确填涂 选择题(请用2B铅笔填涂) 21 [A11B1ICII D] 26 [A1[B11CII D] 31 [A][B11CIID] 16 IA1IB]ICII D] 22 [A11B1ICII D] 27 IA1IB1ICIID] 32 [A][B11CIID] 17 [A1[B1ICII D] 23 [A1I B1ICII D] 28 [A]I B]ICII D] 33 [A][B]|CII D] 18 [A1IB11CII D] 24 [A1[B1ICII D] 29 [A]IB1[CII D] 34 [A]1IBIICI D] 19 [A1IBIICII D] 25 [A11B1ICII D] 30 [A1IB1ICIID] 35 [A1[B1|ClID] 20 [A1|B11CII D] 36 IA]1B1[C1[D 41 IA11B11C11D] 46 [A]1B1|C11D] 37 1A]IB][C][D] 42 [A1IB1[C1ID] 47 [A]1B]IC][D]IE1[F] 38 [A1IB1IC11D] 43 1A11B11C1ID1 48 [A][B1IC][D1[E][F] 44 IA1IB11CIID] 39 [A]IB1IC1[D] 49 [A]IB11C]IDIIE1IF] 40 [A1[B1IC11D] 45 [A1IB1IC1[D] 50 [A][B1IC][D][E]IF] 将 非选择题(请在各试题的答题区内作答) I. Grammar andVocabulary(每题1分;共20分) 6. 9 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18 19 20 英语第1页(共2页) III. Summary Writing(共10分) IV.Translation(共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) 53 ,2 V. GuidedWriting (25分) 英语第2页(共2页) 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．测试范围：选修三、选修四全册（上教版） 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Visiting Anting Old Street made me rethink the story of my journey from Türkiye to China. My major 1 (intend) of coming was to get to know China’s history and culture more deeply, and I knew that doing so would require me to experience life on its streets. My visit to this street in Shanghai seemed 2 (prove) this. Dating from the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), Anting Old Street is still lined with workshops producing handicrafts, carvings and paintings, along 3 antique shops. Biking from shop to shop, I stopped when I saw a group dancing guangchangwu, a type of dance 4 (practice) in public squares across China. People in Türkiye are also very interested in dances. I remember when I first saw it here it made me feel at home, 5 is probably why I’m so fascinated by it. After watching the dancers, I continued my exploration, stopping close to Yansi Bridge that 6 (build) in 1374. Some friendly locals told me the bridge gets its name from the Yanjing and Sijing rivers. The end of the street takes travelers even 7 (far) back in time, with the Puti Temple of the year 239. Walking through the temple’s tree-lined grounds brings 8 sense of peace. Shanghai is 9 (true) an admirable city with a new surprise around every corner. Over the years the city 10 (create) harmony between modern life and its rich heritage full of historical sites. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．apply    B．broadly    C．complicated    D．downside    E．hardly    F．neighbors G．overburdened    H．pills    I．re-labeling    J．turning    K．worse Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the 11 . Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in five years. There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their 12 . One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also 13 off than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more 14 than those in most other rich countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment. Those factors might explain why more people are 15 to medication. Another reason is increased awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is 16 a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable. But there is a 17 to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly 18 common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to 19 it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”. For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe. The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a 20 interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a role. II.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 21-35每题1分；36-50每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the 21 of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in 22 the paths of storms. Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network 23 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized 24 takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds. These 25 are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen,giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. 26 , on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm. If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will 27 severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. 28 , the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is 29 when severe weather is around. On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, 30 from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your 31 area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported. When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, circular wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado 32 . Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, 33 which areas needed to be warned. Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek 34 before the storm hit. Paying attention to your 35 weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety. 21．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value 22．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding 23．A．faced with B．exposed to C．involved in D．made up of 24．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style 25．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics 26．A．Most likely B．Most evidently C．Most interestingly D．Most importantly 27．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue 28．A．By the way B．In that case C．To some extent D．On the contrary 29．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．available 30．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending 31．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular 32．A．process   B．threat C．warning D．sign 33．A．indicating B．recognizing C．covering D．recommending 34．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelter 35．A．local B．international C．nationwide D．neighborhood Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) As midnight approaches in Svalbard, a young polar bear climbs onto an iceberg (冰山) and carves himself a temporary bed before falling asleep. This peaceful moment, capturing the essence of Earth’s delicacy, was taken by Nima Sarikhani, who won Wildlife Photographer of the Year People’s Choice Award, which is decided by public vote. Sarikhani, from the UK, spent three days searching Norway’s Svalbard islands in the hope of catching sight of these symbolic Arctic (北极的) animals. He was finally rewarded with the sight of both an older and younger male shortly after his ship changed course. Sarikhani seized the chance to take a photo of the younger bear sleeping on the iceberg — a scene that not only awakens the bond between an animal and its habitat, but also the need to act on global challenges like climate change and habitat loss. These days, the sight of a lone polar bear on melting ice is a familiar symbol of the impact of climate change. But that is for a good reason: global warming is having a particularly rapid effect on the Arctic, which is heating up at a rate three times as high as that of the average around the world. Among those hardest hit are these bears, which are increasingly threatened by the reduction in sea ice cover that they rely on to hunt and raise young. Though his photo is intended to arouse emotion in those who see it, Sarikhani is optimistic that with the right actions, it isn’t too late for polar bears. The image will be displayed in an exhibition at the Natural History Museum, London, along with the competition’s four runners-up, until 30 June. 36．Sarikhani’s journey in Svalbard can be described as ______. A．purposeful B．leisurely C．profit-driven D．research-led 37．It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that ______. A．polar bears are likely to die out B．the warming of the Arctic just begins C．sea ice cover is vital for polar bears’ survival D．polar bears are adapting well to climate change 38．According to the last paragraph, what’s Sarikhani’s hope for the impact of his photo? A．To arouse people’s sadness for the scene. B．To motivate people to protect polar bears. C．To attract more visitors to the Arctic. D．To boost the popularity of the exhibition. 39．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Svalbard’s quietness: Polar bears’ comfortable zone B．Arctic adventure: Search for a dramatic landscape C．Bearing witness: Polar bears’ shelter on melting ice D．Ice and isolation: A faraway natural wonder (B) Hopping Around the World Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play. Scotch-HoppersChildren in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. Throw the stone into Box 1. Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern. On the way back, hop into Box 1, pick up the stone, and hop out. Then, toss the puck into Box 2, and so on. If your stone enters the wrong box, start over! The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for “snail.” For this game, the pattern looks like a snail. No puck is used. Players hop through the pattern on one foot. You may rest in the center on both feet. After resting, hop back through the pattern and out. If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line, write your name in a space. No other player may land in that space. At the end, the player who owns the most spaces wins. La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia, a country in South America. The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange. Instead of writing a number in each square, players write each day of the week. Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box. Next, kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern. Then, hop out. On your next turn, throw the puck into the next space, and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. At the top is the pig’s head. Toss the puck into the pig’s head and hop through the pattern. When you reach boxes 7 and 8, spin around and pick up the puck from behind. If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake, pick a box and write your name in it. No one else can land in that box! The player who owns the most boxes wins. 40．What are the two common things used in hopscotch? A．Coin and pin. B．Box and chair. C．Snail and space. D．Puck and pattern. 41．Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches? A．It needs more space. B．It doesn’t need a puck. C．It is a snail from France. D．It isn’t a pattern but a line. 42．What is the passage mainly talking about? A．The successful winners in the hopscotch. B．The history and development of hopscotch. C．The rules of different versions of hopscotch. D．The popularity of hopscotch all over the world. (C) Cook’s last tour Until recently Captain James Cook was not a particularly controversial figure. But in January a statue of the 18th-century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words “The colony will fall” painted on the base. In Hawaii a monument in Cook’s memory has been covered with red paint and the message “You are on native land.” Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti-colonialist anger. Yet Cook was neither a slave trader nor much of an imperialist. He was, first and foremost, a brilliant navigator and mapmaker. Acting under government orders, he undertook three pioneering voyages in the Pacific between 1768 and 1779. His map-making transformed Europeans knowledge of the world’s largest ocean. An excellent new book draws on Cook’s letters and notebooks to tell the story of his third and final trip. Cook was almost 50 when he set off on HMS Resolution in July 1776. Cook had secret instructions from the government not only to claim new territory for Britain, but to search for a north west passage via the Bering Strait, a task even someone with his navigational experience found impossible. The author, Hampton Sides, focuses on Cook’s return to Australia and New Zealand — countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier — his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii. It was there, in February 1779, that he was killed after a failed attempt to kidnap a local chief in response to the theft of a longboat. Cook was a man of his era. He believed Europe would have a civilising influence on many benighted (愚昧无知的) folk in the Pacific. He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him. At the same time, Cook admired many of the people and places he encountered in the South Pacific. Unlike the Spanish, he had no interest in religious conversion. He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease. For the most part, his land claims were aimed not at promoting a British empire but preventing grabs by its rivals, France and Spain. As the author makes clear, there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook’s seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples’ first contact with Europeans. Today many Western countries are divided over how to think about such vexed legacies (棘手的后遗症). In 2020 half of Britons thought it was right that Colston’s statue was removed. Cook’s statue still stands in London, as does Rhodes’s in Oxford. The question is whether they will enjoy their high positions much longer. 43．How do the public regard Cook currently? A．He is nobler than Colston and Rhodes. B．He is not a controversial historic figure. C．They blame the fall of the colony on him. D．Some people regard Cook as a colonialist. 44．During Cook’s first voyage in the Pacific Ocean, he _________. A．landed the Society Islands and New Zealand B．commanded a warship called HMS Resolution C．searched for a route by way of the Bering Strait D．was revenged on a local chief for stealing a boat 45．Cook’s behaviour can be described as ________. A．patriotic and religious B．well-intentioned and iron-handed C．charitable and moral D．rebellious and awe-inspiring 46．Which of the following does Hampton Sides, the author of a book on Cook agree with? A．It is justifiable to remove Colston’s, Cook’s and Rhodes’s statue. B．Cook mainly aimed to expand domains by grabbing land from Spain. C．We should view Cook’s adventure and British colonialism objectively. D．The vexed legacies result from division in whether to remove the statues. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Fossil Fuel (矿物燃料) Diet Would you like adding fossil fuel dressing to your tomato salad, or how about coating salt water fish with it? If only it were so easy to see the effect of fossil fuels on food production, even environmentally friendly food lovers might find their lunch turning to ash in their mouths. The global food system is more dependent on fossil fuels than we tend to recognize. They power the tractors that prepare fields and the pumps that extract groundwater for soil watering. They are used to manufacture fertilizers. They drive the trucks, trains, and ships that transport food. 47 So says energy scholar Vaclav Smil, who has done some calculations to illustrate this point. He estimates that producing an average French loaf requires the equivalent of about 30 milliliters of diesel (柴油) fuel. A kilogram of roast chicken requires over 300 milliliters. Surprisingly, a kilogram of tomatoes cultivated in a heated greenhouse and transported long distances requires twice as much diesel as the poultry (家禽). 48 . Producing a kilogram of farmed salt water fish, for example, uses a shocking 2 liters of diesel, according to Smil. 49 . It is also a major reason why agriculture generates around a third of greenhouse gas emissions and is a dominant driver of biodiversity loss. For a healthier planet, we must find a way to stop “eating” fossil fuels. Unfortunately, ending that dependency will be even tougher than reducing emissions from the power network or transportation. But there are a thousand things we could be doing better now. 50 . Governments should support farming practices that conserve carbon-storing soil and use water and fertilizers more efficiently. And we should eat much less meat. If we don’t, we are stuck seasoning each bite with diesel. A．Reducing food waste should be a top priority. B．In fact, we may as well think of ourselves as eating fossil fuels. C．Despite this, many farmers are already producing food with minimal fossil fuel input. D．Fortunately, removing fossil fuels from food production is a simple and straightforward process. E．Seafood is often even worse due to the inefficiency of feeding them with smaller, wild-caught fish. F．This intensive use of energy from fossil fuels is not only surprising but also contributes to the global food oversupply. III.Summary Writing(共10分) 51．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Mental work Many people believe that physical work is more exhausting than mental work. However, recent research in psychology has shown that mental work can be just as tiring as physical work. Mental work can be emotionally, cognitively (认知地) , and physically exhausting, leading to feelings of tiredness, burnout, and even physical discomfort. Mental work requires a lot of focus and attention, which consumes a significant amount of mental energy and willpower, especially when we engage in tasks requiring long periods of concentration. Complex thinking and cognitively demanding tasks can actually burn calories. According to some research, the average person burns about 320 calories on a typical day just from thinking. A lot of mental work can be emotionally wearing. People working in professions can experience emotional exhaustion due to the constant emotional demands of their jobs. Psychologists refer to this as emotional labor. It especially applies to jobs where we deal with many different people and personalities throughout the day, such as responding to customer complaints. These workers are asked to smile and be happy all day, even when they are overloaded, stressed, or depressed. To prevent mental exhaustion, it is important to recognize the signs of mental exhaustion and take proactive steps to prevent burnout. One of the most effective ways is to take regular breaks throughout the day, which can help us recharge our mental batteries, reduce stress, and increase our overall productivity. Furthermore, the key to a healthy work-life balance lies in setting boundaries between work and personal life, managing our workload, and prioritizing self-care activities like exercise. By taking care of our mental energy levels, we can improve our overall well-being and lead a more fulfilling life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．我们为他人撑伞正是因为我们曾经淋过雨。 ( It … ) (汉译英) 53．户外活动对孩子的注意力和记忆力有好处。(benefit v.)(汉译英) 54．我三岁时就开始学游泳, 这在今天来看是过早了。(need)(汉译英) 55．我看他似乎把同学的付出视为理所当然了。(appear)（汉译英） V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．你校校报将举行一个“10年后我回高中学校时要带的一个礼物”的征文活动，请你投稿。内容包括： 1.物品简介； 2.你的理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 12 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$