Unit5 Poems Reading and Thinking语言点导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

语言点 Reading and Thinking Page50, 51 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page50指课本第50页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Exercise1, Line1, Page50 Compared with other forms of literature...what are the characteristics of poetry? 与其他的文学形式相比……，诗歌有什么特点呢？ compared with/to... 与……相比（多在句中作状语） compare to常用于比喻，而compare with常用于对比。 例句 Life can be compared a journey.人生可以被比作一场旅行 Compared with/to the second corporation，the first is more promising. 与第二家公司相比，第一家公司的前景更加光明。 相关拓展 compare A with/to B 把A 和B 作比较 compare with/to 与……相似；比得上 compare A to B 把A 比喻成B compare notes 交换看法或意见 单句填空 ①We often compare a teacher a gardener. When you compare the two paintings, you will see that one is much more colorful than the other. ②当你比较这两幅画时，你会看到其中一幅比另一幅要多彩得多。 Keys:①to ②with 完成句子(compare填空) ③______________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace. ④There is a 20% reduction in burglary__________________ last year Keys:③Compared to ④Compared with Para1, Line1, Page50 There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。 reason(s) why ……的原因 句式点拨: 句中reasons why…意为“……的原因”, why等于for which,引导定语从句,修饰先行词reasons,并在从句中作状语。 相关拓展 (1)The reason why…is/was that…“……的原因是……”,用that引导表语从句,而不用because。 (2)当reason在句中作定语从句的主语或宾语时,先行词用that或which,或者作宾语省略关系代词。 (3)the reason for…是一个名词结构,意为“……的原因”。 单句填空 ①One reason　　　　her preference for this school is what, as she put it, it can provide for her future development.  ②The reason 　　　　he explained to us was that he hadn’t read the book before.   ③The reason　　　　the children could do what they wished was　　　　they finished the tasks assigned by the teacher ahead of time.  Keys:①for　②that/which　③why; that　 完成句子 ④The reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 我渴望这个职位的原因是我能够帮助外国人更好地了解中国文化。(应用文写作之申请信) Keys:④why/for which I am starving for the position is that Para1, Line4, Page50 Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 其他的诗则试图表达某些情感,比如快乐和悲伤。 convey sth to sb 向某人表达某事/传递某物 convey sb /sth from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地 convey one’s feelings/meanings 表达某人的感情/意思 convey a message传递信息 convey an impression给人留下印象 例句： While some poems focus on describing scenes, others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.虽然一些诗歌专注于描写场景，但其他诗歌则试图传达快乐和悲伤等情感。 His speech conveyed an impression of confidence. 他的演讲给人留下了自信的印象。 单句填空 ①He insisted that all the injured should be conveyed 　　　　the spot to the hospital at once.  ②I would like 　　 　　(convey) my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.  ③He tried to convey his thoughts her without using any words. Keys:①from ②to convey ③to Para1, Line4, Page50 Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 其他的诗则试图表达某些情感,比如快乐和悲伤。 sorrow　n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤 (1)in sorrow　处于悲痛之中 to one’s sorrow 令某人伤心的是 joys and sorrows 快乐和悲伤 sorrow at/for/over 对……的悲哀/悲痛 (2)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 单句填空 ①Many Chinese people were　　　　deep sorrow at the news that Yuan Longping passed away.  ②Looking at the 　　　　　　　　(sorrow) expression in his eyes, I have no idea what to do.  ③Mary is a warm-hearted girl and sometimes she feels deep sorrow 　　　　the poor people in African countries.  Keys:①in　②sorrowful　③at/for/over　 完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷读后续写] With 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, David sat around motionlessly and helplessly, his head drooping powerlessly.  大卫脸上挂着悲伤的表情,无助地坐在那里一动不动,无力地垂着头。(读后续写之心理和动作描写) ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I hugged my father tightly,saying,“ 　　　　　　, I failed again.”My father also 　　　　　　　　　　　　and he patted me on the shoulder, comforting and encouraging me.  悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊往下流,我紧紧地拥抱着父亲,说道:“让我悲伤的是,我又失败了。”父亲也对我的失败感到悲伤,他轻拍我的肩膀,安慰我,鼓励我。(读后续写之心理描写) Keys:④a sorrowful expression (hanging) on his face　 ⑤With tears of sorrow rolling down my cheeks; To my sorrow; sorrowed at/for/over my failure Para1, Line7, Page50 The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm 诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁;语言描述生动、形象; 具备整合的意象:使用明喻和隐喻等文学手法:词、句韵、节奏等编排有序。 (1)literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的 literature n. 文学 literate adj. 有文化的 literal /ˈlɪtərəl/ adj.字面意义的；缺乏想象力的；完全按原文的 literally adv. 字面上; 真正地(参看本词条视频) (2) literary device文学手法 literary criticism文学批评 literary style文学风格 literary work文学作品 Literary works often explore themes of love and loss.文学作品常常探讨爱情与失落的主题。 The literary magazine publishes works by both established and emerging writers. 文学杂志发表成名作家和新晋作家的作品。 The author uses a variety of literary devices, such as metaphors and similes, to convey the theme of love. 作者运用了多种文学手法，如隐喻和明喻，来传达爱情这一主题。 完成句子 ①Knowing that you are more than interested in Chinese literature, I am excited because I am fairly a .知道你对中国文学十分感兴趣，我很兴奋，因为我自己也是一个文学爱好者 ②Reading help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. 阅读文学书籍有助于提高我的写作技巧，拓宽我的视野。 ③When writing his latest play, the playwright experimented with to enhance the dramatic effect.在创作他的最新剧本时，剧作家尝试了不同的文学手法来增强戏剧效果。 Keys: ①literature lover ②literary books ③different literary devices Para2, Line4, Page50 The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline.这些童谣的语言简单明了,但带有故事情节,如诗歌A。 to the point　简单明了;简洁中肯 (1)come/get to the point　谈到正题;讲到关键问题 beside/off the point 离题;跑题 (2)be on the point of doing sth when…正要做某事,这时…… There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意义。 He does not talk too much, but what he says is precise and to the point. 他话不多,但他说的话既准确又简洁中肯。 单句填空 ①In spite of all your talk, you never seem to come　　　　the point.  ②Keep your answers short and don’t wander 　　　　　　　　the point.  ③There is no point in 　　　　(discuss) this further if you’ve already made up your mind.  Keys:①to　②beside/off　③discussing　 完成句子 ④We have only twenty minutes left, so please 　　　　　　　　and don’t say anything that isn’t relevant to our problem.  我们只剩下二十分钟了,所以请开门见山,不要说任何与我们的问题无关的话。 ⑤I 　　　　　　　　　　　breaking down　　　　my father came running to help with a knife.  我差点哭出来,这时我父亲拿着刀跑来帮忙。 Keys:④get/come to the point　⑤was on the point of; when Para2, Line8, Page50 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗可能没有意义, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但它们很容易学习和背诵。 make sense　有意义;讲得通 (1)make sense of　　理解;弄明白 in no sense 绝不是;绝非(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装) (2)There is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有道理/意义。 It doesn’t make sense to do sth.做某事没有道理/意义。 (3)a sense of achievement/humour/direction成就感/幽默感/方向感 It makes sense to work out a solution to the problem before it gets out of control. 在形势失控之前着手解决该问题是明智之举。 单句填空 ①The problem is settled. There is no sense 　　　　　　　　(argue) further.  ②In no sense　　　　he realize he had made such a serious mistake.  ③The activities help children to develop　　　　sense of their own worth.  Keys:①arguing　②did　③a　 完成句子/一句多译 ④You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  你可以请老师讲慢一点,这样你就可以理解他讲的内容了。(应用文写作之建议信) ⑤给小孩买太贵的衣服没什么意义,因为他们很快就长得穿不下了。 → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　expensive clothes for children as they will soon grow out of them.(there be句型)   → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　expensive clothes for children as they will soon grow out of them.(it作形式主语)   Keys:④make sense of what he says ⑤There is no sense/point (in) buying; It doesn’t make sense to buy Para2, Line8, Page50 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.这些诗可能没有意义, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但它们很容易学习和背诵。 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构 句式点拨 they are easy to learn and recite是“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构。该结构中不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。 提示： (1)常用于“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, fit, heavy, light, nice, unfit, good, interesting等; (2)在此结构中, 不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 其后要加上相应的介词。 The room I have rented recently is comfortable to live in. 我最近租的这个房间住起来很舒服。 单句填空 ①Those air conditioners are our best-selling products because they are easy 　　　　(handle) and work with little noise.  ②The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit　　　　.  ③A man who is so difficult to please must be hard to work　　　　.  Keys:①to handle　②in/on　③with　 完成句子 ④It’s very easy 　　　　　　when we hit setbacks, but people who have courage keep going.  当我们遇到挫折时,很容易放弃,但有勇气的人会继续前进。 ⑤Anderson is one of those who appear friendly but in fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  安德森是那些看起来很友好但实际上很难应付的人之一。 Keys:④to give up　⑤are hard/difficult to deal with Para2, Line9, Page50 By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。 句型结构：By＋doing sth, 句子。（方式状语） 句型结构By + doing sth. By：介词，表示“以……的方式”或“通过……的手段”。“By + doing sth.” 是一个常见的英语句型，用于表示通过某种方式或手段来实现某个结果。这个句型在语法上属于介词短语作方式状语的用法。 By exercising regularly, he maintained his health.通过定期锻炼，他保持了健康。 By sleeping in the class, I successfully arouse Jessica’s attention. 通过上课睡觉，我成功地引起了Jessica的注意。 完成句子 ① working hard, you can achieve your goals. 通过努力工作，你可以实现你的目标。 ②By (practice) regularly, you can improve your English. ③ , the company increased its profits.通过削减成本，公司增加了利润。 Keys:①By ②practicing ③By cutting costs Para3, Line6, Page50 Some rhyme [like B and C]，while others do not. 有些押韵(像 B 和 C)，而另一些不押韵。 句式分析：这是一个并列句，此句中的 while 作并列连词，表示前后两者的对比，意为“而；然而”。 while ，conj. 用法小结： (1)"当.. .的时候"(时间状语从句) I met a friend of mine while (I was) walking on the street. (2)"尽管，虽然"(让步状语从句) While his paintings still had a religious theme, they showed real people in a real environment. (3)"而，却"(并列句) At school some students are active while some are shy. (Some students are active at school. By contrast, some are shy.) 完成句子 ①He likes pop music， I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 ② their country has plenty of fossil fuel，ours has none. 他们国家有充足的化石燃料，而我们国家却没有。 ③ Tom's very good at science，his brother is absolutely 汤姆很擅长科学，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。 Keys:①while ②While③While Para4, Line2, Page51 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.业余爱好者容易写的另外一种简体诗是由五个诗行组成的五行诗。 Para5, Line1, Page51 Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. 俳句诗是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。 be made up of　由……组成(构成) (1)consist of　由……组成(不用被动) be comprised/composed of 由……组成 (2)make up 　组成;编造;化妆;和好;补足 make up for 补偿;弥补;补足 单句填空 ①The last group　　　　(make) up of girls will prepare food for our Christmas dinner.  ②At the end of the course there will be a formal examination 　　　　(consist) of 3 three-hour papers.  ③Was it better to have a group 　　　　(compose) of close friends who had worked together before?   Keys:①made　②consisting　③composed　 完成句子/句式改写 ④China is a country 　　　　　　　 　　, among which Han makes up the majority of its population.  中国是一个由56个不同民族组成的国家,其中汉族占人口的大多数。 ⑤As life 　　　　　　ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. (用with复合结构改写)   生活总有起起伏伏,要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是那么容易。 Keys:④(which/that is) made up of 56 different nationalities　 ⑤is made up of; With life (being) made up of ups and downs Para4, Line4, Page51 With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 通过这些诗行,你可以用寥寥数语就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种情绪。 mood　n.情绪;心情;语气 (1)in a good/happy/bad mood　　心情愉悦/低落 be in the/no mood for doing/to do sth有/无做某事的心思或兴致 (2)moody adj. 情绪多变的;郁郁寡欢的 单句填空 ①It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so　　　　(mood).  ②I know it’s an important subject, but I am not in the mood 　　　　(think) about it now.  ③I was not in the mood　　　　preparing for the interview the next day, but I still tried hard to concentrate.  Keys:①moody　②to think　③for　 完成句子 ④Trapped in the pumpkin,I was gasping for air and I  　 my elder brother.  我被困在南瓜里,大口地喘着粗气,没有心情和哥哥开玩笑。 ⑤Jane was 　　　　　　　　that she almost jumped up, clapping and cheering.  简的心情如此之好以至于她几乎跳了起来,边拍手边欢呼。(读后续写之心理描写) Keys:④was in no mood for playing/to play jokes with　⑤in such a good mood Poem D, Line3, Page51 Teasing, shouting, laughing 爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑 tease　vt.& vi.取笑;揶揄;戏弄 n.爱戏弄人的人;戏弄;捉弄 (1)tease sb/sth取笑/戏弄某人/某物 tease sb about sth拿某事物取笑某人 (2)make fun of 取笑 laugh at 取笑;嘲笑 play a trick/joke on 取笑;捉弄;戏弄 单句填空 ①　　　　 (tease) is an extremely effective form of humour that has to be used very carefully.  ②Other children teased him　　　　his name, thinking that he was very strange.  ③Being the tallest kid in her class, she 　　　　(tease) by her classmates, who were always chanting “Landy, Landy, long as spaghetti (意大利面)”.  Keys:①Teasing　②about　③was teased　 完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David raised his head, glanced at me and said with a trembling voice, “Yes, but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　?”  大卫抬起头,瞥了我一眼,声音颤抖地说:“是的,但万一其他人取笑我呢?” ⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Obviously, he knew his quitting the race failed my expectation but by no means 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his funny gait(步态).  显然,他知道他退出比赛让我失望了,但他绝不允许其他孩子因为他滑稽的步态而取笑他。 Keys:④what if the others teased me　⑤would he allow other kids to tease him about 附录：课文汉语译文 Unit Five Poems 第五单元 诗歌 Two roads diverged in a wood , and I took the one less travelled by. And that has made all the difference. ----Robert Frost 林子里有两条路，我—— 选择了行人稀少的那一条 它改变了我的一生。 AFEW SMIPLE FORMS OF ENGLSHIPOEMS 简体英文诗 There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述读者心目中的某个形象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情，比如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁;语言描述生动、形象; 具备整合的意象:使用明喻和隐喻等文学手法:词、句韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。现在我们来看看几种格式比较简单的诗。 Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes children learn about language. 孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多单词重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。 One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme( like B and C), while others do not. 清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种，它包含一系列发展特定主题的事物、人物想法或描述。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B和C)，但有一些没有。 (A) Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird won't sing, Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papas gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat. If that billy goat wont pull, Papa,s gonna buy you a cart and bull. 嘘嘘，小宝宝，别说话, 爸爸给你买只知更鸟。 知更鸟，不唱歌， 爸爸给你买个钻石戒。 钻石戒，变成铜， 爸爸给你买个小镜子。 小镜子，打破了 爸爸给你买个小山羊。 小山羊，不肯拉， 爸爸给你买驾牛拉车。 (B) Only One Mother Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky Hundreds of shells on the shore together Hundreds of birds that go singing by, Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn Hundreds of bees in the purple clover Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn But only one mother the world over George Cooper 唯一的母亲 数百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空， 数百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸， 数百只鸟儿鸣唱飞过， 数百只蜜蜂在阳光下往返， 数百滴露珠迎接黎明， 数百只蜜蜂飞舞在紫色的草原， 数百只蝴蝶在原野飞舞， 可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世间。 乔治·库珀 (C) LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful but sometimes sad, Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts, Life can mean a person, Sitting in court, 生活 生活可能美满， 生活可能悲伤， 生活常常充满欢乐， 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是梦幻一场， 生活可能是伟大理想。 生活也可能是一个人， 独坐在被告席上。 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example( D) 另外一种业余爱好者容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，你可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面或某一特定的心情。请看例子D。 Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem( E)on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. 俳句诗(Hak)是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。它是三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。右边的徘句诗(E)就是从日文翻译出来的，展示了一只蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。 English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one(F) 说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗(F)。 (D) Brother Beautifu, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine 兄弟 漂亮，又爱运动 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 是我的朋友 也是我的敌人 E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch Look, a butterfly 一朵淍落的花 回到了枝头。 看，是一只蝴蝶! （F） Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and ram revolve Should the traveller return this stone would utter speech Wang Jian 望夫石 王健 望夫处，江悠悠， 化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨， 行人归来石应语。 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，你最终也许想自己作诗了。试一试吧! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语言点 Reading and Thinking Page50, 51 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page50指课本第50页。相关类似) (粗体使用说明：粗体为重点记忆部分。) (附录一：练习答案。附录二：课文汉语译文) Exercise1, Line1, Page50 Compared with other forms of literature...what are the characteristics of poetry? 与其他的文学形式相比……，诗歌有什么特点呢？ compared with/to... 与……相比（多在句中作状语） compare to常用于比喻，而compare with常用于对比。 例句 Life can be compared a journey.人生可以被比作一场旅行 Compared with/to the second corporation，the first is more promising. 与第二家公司相比，第一家公司的前景更加光明。 相关拓展 compare A with/to B 把A 和B 作比较 compare with/to 与……相似；比得上 compare A to B 把A 比喻成B compare notes 交换看法或意见 单句填空 ①We often compare a teacher a gardener. When you compare the two paintings, you will see that one is much more colorful than the other. ②当你比较这两幅画时，你会看到其中一幅比另一幅要多彩得多。 完成句子(compare填空) ③______________our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace. ④There is a 20% reduction in burglary__________________ last year Para1, Line1, Page50 There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 人们写诗有各种各样的原因。 reason(s) why ……的原因 句式点拨: 句中reasons why…意为“……的原因”, why等于for which,引导定语从句,修饰先行词reasons,并在从句中作状语。 相关拓展 (1)The reason why…is/was that…“……的原因是……”,用that引导表语从句,而不用because。 (2)当reason在句中作定语从句的主语或宾语时,先行词用that或which,或者作宾语省略关系代词。 (3)the reason for…是一个名词结构,意为“……的原因”。 单句填空 ①One reason　　　　her preference for this school is what, as she put it, it can provide for her future development.  ②The reason 　　　　he explained to us was that he hadn’t read the book before.   ③The reason　　　　the children could do what they wished was　　　　they finished the tasks assigned by the teacher ahead of time.  完成句子 ④The reason 　　　　　　　　　　　　　I can help foreigners have a better understanding of Chinese culture. 我渴望这个职位的原因是我能够帮助外国人更好地了解中国文化。(应用文写作之申请信) Para1, Line4, Page50 Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 其他的诗则试图表达某些情感,比如快乐和悲伤。 convey sth to sb 向某人表达某事/传递某物 convey sb /sth from A to B 把某人或某物从A地运送到B地 convey one’s feelings/meanings 表达某人的感情/意思 convey a message传递信息 convey an impression给人留下印象 例句： While some poems focus on describing scenes, others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.虽然一些诗歌专注于描写场景，但其他诗歌则试图传达快乐和悲伤等情感。 His speech conveyed an impression of confidence. 他的演讲给人留下了自信的印象。 单句填空 ①He insisted that all the injured should be conveyed 　　　　the spot to the hospital at once.  ②I would like 　　 　　(convey) my sincere appreciation to you for your assistance.  ③He tried to convey his thoughts her without using any words. Para1, Line4, Page50 Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. 其他的诗则试图表达某些情感,比如快乐和悲伤。 sorrow　n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 vi.感到悲伤 (1)in sorrow　处于悲痛之中 to one’s sorrow 令某人伤心的是 joys and sorrows 快乐和悲伤 sorrow at/for/over 对……的悲哀/悲痛 (2)sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 单句填空 ①Many Chinese people were　　　　deep sorrow at the news that Yuan Longping passed away.  ②Looking at the 　　　　　　　　(sorrow) expression in his eyes, I have no idea what to do.  ③Mary is a warm-hearted girl and sometimes she feels deep sorrow 　　　　the poor people in African countries.  完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷读后续写] With 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, David sat around motionlessly and helplessly, his head drooping powerlessly.  大卫脸上挂着悲伤的表情,无助地坐在那里一动不动,无力地垂着头。(读后续写之心理和动作描写) ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, I hugged my father tightly,saying,“ 　　　　　　, I failed again.”My father also 　　　　　　　　　　　　and he patted me on the shoulder, comforting and encouraging me.  悲伤的泪水顺着脸颊往下流,我紧紧地拥抱着父亲,说道:“让我悲伤的是,我又失败了。”父亲也对我的失败感到悲伤,他轻拍我的肩膀,安慰我,鼓励我。(读后续写之心理描写) Para1, Line7, Page50 The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm 诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁;语言描述生动、形象; 具备整合的意象:使用明喻和隐喻等文学手法:词、句韵、节奏等编排有序。 (1)literary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的 literature n. 文学 literate adj. 有文化的 literal /ˈlɪtərəl/ adj.字面意义的；缺乏想象力的；完全按原文的 literally adv. 字面上; 真正地(参看本词条视频) (2) literary device文学手法 literary criticism文学批评 literary style文学风格 literary work文学作品 Literary works often explore themes of love and loss.文学作品常常探讨爱情与失落的主题。 The literary magazine publishes works by both established and emerging writers. 文学杂志发表成名作家和新晋作家的作品。 The author uses a variety of literary devices, such as metaphors and similes, to convey the theme of love. 作者运用了多种文学手法，如隐喻和明喻，来传达爱情这一主题。 完成句子 ①Knowing that you are more than interested in Chinese literature, I am excited because I am fairly a .知道你对中国文学十分感兴趣，我很兴奋，因为我自己也是一个文学爱好者 ②Reading help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. 阅读文学书籍有助于提高我的写作技巧，拓宽我的视野。 ③When writing his latest play, the playwright experimented with to enhance the dramatic effect.在创作他的最新剧本时，剧作家尝试了不同的文学手法来增强戏剧效果。 Para2, Line4, Page50 The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline.这些童谣的语言简单明了,但带有故事情节,如诗歌A。 to the point　简单明了;简洁中肯 (1)come/get to the point　谈到正题;讲到关键问题 beside/off the point 离题;跑题 (2)be on the point of doing sth when…正要做某事,这时…… There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意义。 He does not talk too much, but what he says is precise and to the point. 他话不多,但他说的话既准确又简洁中肯。 单句填空 ①In spite of all your talk, you never seem to come　　　　the point.  ②Keep your answers short and don’t wander 　　　　　　　　the point.  ③There is no point in 　　　　(discuss) this further if you’ve already made up your mind.  完成句子 ④We have only twenty minutes left, so please 　　　　　　　　and don’t say anything that isn’t relevant to our problem.  我们只剩下二十分钟了,所以请开门见山,不要说任何与我们的问题无关的话。 ⑤I 　　　　　　　　　　　breaking down　　　　my father came running to help with a knife.  我差点哭出来,这时我父亲拿着刀跑来帮忙。 Para2, Line8, Page50 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. 这些诗可能没有意义, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但它们很容易学习和背诵。 make sense　有意义;讲得通 (1)make sense of　　理解;弄明白 in no sense 绝不是;绝非(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装) (2)There is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有道理/意义。 It doesn’t make sense to do sth.做某事没有道理/意义。 (3)a sense of achievement/humour/direction成就感/幽默感/方向感 It makes sense to work out a solution to the problem before it gets out of control. 在形势失控之前着手解决该问题是明智之举。 单句填空 ①The problem is settled. There is no sense 　　　　　　　　(argue) further.  ②In no sense　　　　he realize he had made such a serious mistake.  ③The activities help children to develop　　　　sense of their own worth.  完成句子/一句多译 ④You can ask the teacher to speak slowly so that you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  你可以请老师讲慢一点,这样你就可以理解他讲的内容了。(应用文写作之建议信) ⑤给小孩买太贵的衣服没什么意义,因为他们很快就长得穿不下了。 → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　expensive clothes for children as they will soon grow out of them.(there be句型)   → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　expensive clothes for children as they will soon grow out of them.(it作形式主语)   Para2, Line8, Page50 The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.这些诗可能没有意义, 甚至看起来自相矛盾, 但它们很容易学习和背诵。 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构 句式点拨 they are easy to learn and recite是“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构。该结构中不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 不定式用主动形式表达被动意义。 提示： (1)常用于“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, fit, heavy, light, nice, unfit, good, interesting等; (2)在此结构中, 不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 其后要加上相应的介词。 The room I have rented recently is comfortable to live in. 我最近租的这个房间住起来很舒服。 单句填空 ①Those air conditioners are our best-selling products because they are easy 　　　　(handle) and work with little noise.  ②The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit　　　　.  ③A man who is so difficult to please must be hard to work　　　　.  完成句子 ④It’s very easy 　　　　　　when we hit setbacks, but people who have courage keep going.  当我们遇到挫折时,很容易放弃,但有勇气的人会继续前进。 ⑤Anderson is one of those who appear friendly but in fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  安德森是那些看起来很友好但实际上很难应付的人之一。 Para2, Line9, Page50 By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language. 通过童谣中的文字游戏，儿童学习了语言。 句型结构：By＋doing sth, 句子。（方式状语） 句型结构By + doing sth. By：介词，表示“以……的方式”或“通过……的手段”。“By + doing sth.” 是一个常见的英语句型，用于表示通过某种方式或手段来实现某个结果。这个句型在语法上属于介词短语作方式状语的用法。 By exercising regularly, he maintained his health.通过定期锻炼，他保持了健康。 By sleeping in the class, I successfully arouse Jessica’s attention. 通过上课睡觉，我成功地引起了Jessica的注意。 完成句子 ① working hard, you can achieve your goals. 通过努力工作，你可以实现你的目标。 ②By (practice) regularly, you can improve your English. ③ , the company increased its profits.通过削减成本，公司增加了利润。 Para3, Line6, Page50 Some rhyme [like B and C]，while others do not. 有些押韵(像 B 和 C)，而另一些不押韵。 句式分析：这是一个并列句，此句中的 while 作并列连词，表示前后两者的对比，意为“而；然而”。 while ，conj. 用法小结： (1)"当.. .的时候"(时间状语从句) I met a friend of mine while (I was) walking on the street. (2)"尽管，虽然"(让步状语从句) While his paintings still had a religious theme, they showed real people in a real environment. (3)"而，却"(并列句) At school some students are active while some are shy. (Some students are active at school. By contrast, some are shy.) 完成句子 ①He likes pop music， I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。 ② their country has plenty of fossil fuel，ours has none. 他们国家有充足的化石燃料，而我们国家却没有。 ③ Tom's very good at science，his brother is absolutely 汤姆很擅长科学，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。 Para4, Line2, Page51 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.业余爱好者容易写的另外一种简体诗是由五个诗行组成的五行诗。 Para5, Line1, Page51 Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. 俳句诗是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。 be made up of　由……组成(构成) (1)consist of　由……组成(不用被动) be comprised/composed of 由……组成 (2)make up 　组成;编造;化妆;和好;补足 make up for 补偿;弥补;补足 单句填空 ①The last group　　　　(make) up of girls will prepare food for our Christmas dinner.  ②At the end of the course there will be a formal examination 　　　　(consist) of 3 three-hour papers.  ③Was it better to have a group 　　　　(compose) of close friends who had worked together before?   完成句子/句式改写 ④China is a country 　　　　　　　 　　, among which Han makes up the majority of its population.  中国是一个由56个不同民族组成的国家,其中汉族占人口的大多数。 ⑤As life 　　　　　　ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude. (用with复合结构改写)   生活总有起起伏伏,要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是那么容易。 Para4, Line4, Page51 With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. 通过这些诗行,你可以用寥寥数语就传达出一幅动人的画面或某种情绪。 mood　n.情绪;心情;语气 (1)in a good/happy/bad mood　　心情愉悦/低落 be in the/no mood for doing/to do sth有/无做某事的心思或兴致 (2)moody adj. 情绪多变的;郁郁寡欢的 单句填空 ①It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so　　　　(mood).  ②I know it’s an important subject, but I am not in the mood 　　　　(think) about it now.  ③I was not in the mood　　　　preparing for the interview the next day, but I still tried hard to concentrate.  完成句子 ④Trapped in the pumpkin,I was gasping for air and I  　 my elder brother.  我被困在南瓜里,大口地喘着粗气,没有心情和哥哥开玩笑。 ⑤Jane was 　　　　　　　　that she almost jumped up, clapping and cheering.  简的心情如此之好以至于她几乎跳了起来,边拍手边欢呼。(读后续写之心理描写) Poem D, Line3, Page51 Teasing, shouting, laughing 爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑 tease　vt.& vi.取笑;揶揄;戏弄 n.爱戏弄人的人;戏弄;捉弄 (1)tease sb/sth取笑/戏弄某人/某物 tease sb about sth拿某事物取笑某人 (2)make fun of 取笑 laugh at 取笑;嘲笑 play a trick/joke on 取笑;捉弄;戏弄 单句填空 ①　　　　 (tease) is an extremely effective form of humour that has to be used very carefully.  ②Other children teased him　　　　his name, thinking that he was very strange.  ③Being the tallest kid in her class, she 　　　　(tease) by her classmates, who were always chanting “Landy, Landy, long as spaghetti (意大利面)”.  完成句子 ④[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] David raised his head, glanced at me and said with a trembling voice, “Yes, but 　　　　　　　　　　　　　?”  大卫抬起头,瞥了我一眼,声音颤抖地说:“是的,但万一其他人取笑我呢?” ⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] Obviously, he knew his quitting the race failed my expectation but by no means 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his funny gait(步态).  显然,他知道他退出比赛让我失望了,但他绝不允许其他孩子因为他滑稽的步态而取笑他。 附录一：练习答案。 Exercise1, Line1, Page50 Keys:①to ②with Keys:③Compared to ④Compared with Para1, Line1, Page50 Keys:①for　②that/which　③why; that　 Keys:④why/for which I am starving for the position is that Para1, Line4, Page50 Keys:①from ②to convey ③to Para1, Line4, Page50 Keys:①in　②sorrowful　③at/for/over　 Keys:④a sorrowful expression (hanging) on his face　 ⑤With tears of sorrow rolling down my cheeks; To my sorrow; sorrowed at/for/over my failure Para1, Line7, Page50 Keys: ①literature lover ②literary books ③different literary devices Para2, Line4, Page50 Keys:①to　②beside/off　③discussing　 Keys:④get/come to the point　⑤was on the point of; when Para2, Line8, Page50 Keys:①arguing　②did　③a　 Keys:④make sense of what he says ⑤There is no sense/point (in) buying; It doesn’t make sense to buy Para2, Line8, Page50 Keys:①to handle　②in/on　③with　 Keys:④to give up　⑤are hard/difficult to deal with Para2, Line9, Page50 Keys:①By ②practicing ③By cutting costs Para3, Line6, Page50 Keys:①while ②While③While Para4, Line2, Page51 Keys:①made　②consisting　③composed　 Keys:④(which/that is) made up of 56 different nationalities　 ⑤is made up of; With life (being) made up of ups and downs Para4, Line4, Page51 Keys:①moody　②to think　③for　 Keys:④was in no mood for playing/to play jokes with　⑤in such a good mood Poem D, Line3, Page51 Keys:①Teasing　②about　③was teased　 Keys:④what if the others teased me　⑤would he allow other kids to tease him about 附录二：课文汉语译文 Unit Five Poems 第五单元 诗歌 Two roads diverged in a wood , and I took the one less travelled by. And that has made all the difference. ----Robert Frost 林子里有两条路，我—— 选择了行人稀少的那一条 它改变了我的一生。 AFEW SMIPLE FORMS OF ENGLSHIPOEMS 简体英文诗 There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述读者心目中的某个形象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情，比如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁;语言描述生动、形象; 具备整合的意象:使用明喻和隐喻等文学手法:词、句韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。现在我们来看看几种格式比较简单的诗。 Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes children learn about language. 孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多单词重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。 One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme( like B and C), while others do not. 清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种，它包含一系列发展特定主题的事物、人物想法或描述。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B和C)，但有一些没有。 (A) Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Papa's gonna buy you a mockingbird. If that mockingbird won't sing, Papa’s gonna buy you a diamond ring. If that diamond ring turns to brass, Papas gonna buy you a looking glass. If that looking-glass gets broke, Papa's gonna buy you a billy goat. If that billy goat wont pull, Papa,s gonna buy you a cart and bull. 嘘嘘，小宝宝，别说话, 爸爸给你买只知更鸟。 知更鸟，不唱歌， 爸爸给你买个钻石戒。 钻石戒，变成铜， 爸爸给你买个小镜子。 小镜子，打破了 爸爸给你买个小山羊。 小山羊，不肯拉， 爸爸给你买驾牛拉车。 (B) Only One Mother Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky Hundreds of shells on the shore together Hundreds of birds that go singing by, Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn Hundreds of bees in the purple clover Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn But only one mother the world over George Cooper 唯一的母亲 数百颗星星挂在深蓝的天空， 数百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸， 数百只鸟儿鸣唱飞过， 数百只蜜蜂在阳光下往返， 数百滴露珠迎接黎明， 数百只蜜蜂飞舞在紫色的草原， 数百只蝴蝶在原野飞舞， 可只有一个母亲，在这茫茫的世间。 乔治·库珀 (C) LIFE Life can be good, Life can be bad, Life is mostly cheerful but sometimes sad, Life can be dreams, Life can be great thoughts, Life can mean a person, Sitting in court, 生活 生活可能美满， 生活可能悲伤， 生活常常充满欢乐， 但有时令人沮丧。 生活可能是梦幻一场， 生活可能是伟大理想。 生活也可能是一个人， 独坐在被告席上。 Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example( D) 另外一种业余爱好者容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，你可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面或某一特定的心情。请看例子D。 Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem( E)on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. 俳句诗(Hak)是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。它是三行格式，分别包含5、7和5个音节。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。右边的徘句诗(E)就是从日文翻译出来的，展示了一只蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。 English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one(F) 说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗，尤其是唐诗。有许多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗(F)。 (D) Brother Beautifu, athletic Teasing, shouting, laughing Friend and enemy too Mine 兄弟 漂亮，又爱运动 爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑 是我的朋友 也是我的敌人 E A fallen blossom Is coming back to the branch Look, a butterfly 一朵淍落的花 回到了枝头。 看，是一只蝴蝶! （F） Where she awaits her husband On and on the river flows. Never looking back, Transformed into stone Day by day upon the mountain top, wind and ram revolve Should the traveller return this stone would utter speech Wang Jian 望夫石 王健 望夫处，江悠悠， 化为石，不回头。 山头日日风复雨， 行人归来石应语。 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，你最终也许想自己作诗了。试一试吧! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$