UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION（课件）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 高频词汇精讲 She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.她约好 了去做美甲,然后她走进一家高档的服装店。 (教材P2) 情景导学 She dashed off to keep an appointment. 她急匆匆地赶去赴约。 (牛津高阶) There have been different reactions to her appointment as director.对她被任命为主管一事,人们 的反应不同。 高频词汇 情景破 词汇 1 appointment n.预约;约会;委任 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Owing to a severe headache, I have made an appointment with a specialist, and my mother will take me to see him.由于头痛严重,我已经预约了一位专科医生,我母亲会带我去见他。 (写 作·爽约原因) 用法归纳 ①　      an appointment (with sb.)(和某人)约定/预约 ②have an appointment (with sb.)(和某人)有约 ③　     /miss an appointment准时赴约/失约 ④one's/an appointment 　    ...(某人)被委任某职位/被任命……的职务 词汇拓展 ① vt.委派,任命;约定(时间、地点) 委派某人做某事 任命某人为…… make keep as appoint appoint sb. to do sth. appoint sb. as... UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 委派某人去……任职 •Having graduated from college, he was appointed to hold a position in the physics department. 大学毕业后,他被委派去物理系任职。 •J.N. “Ding” Darling at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.当时J.N. “Ding” Darling被总统富兰克林·罗斯福任命为 生物调查局局长。 (2021新高考Ⅰ改编) ② adj.指定的;事先约定好的 指定的时间/地点 appoint sb. to sth. appointed the appointed time/place UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.虽然她完全是清白的,但是克莱尔依然 感到内疚。(教材P2) 情景导学 A man was found guilty of breaking into a house and stealing money.一名男子被发现入室偷 钱。 I felt guilty about not visiting my grandparents frequently who love me very much.我因没有常去 看望非常爱我的祖父母而感到内疚。 用法归纳 ①be guilty 　    (doing)... 犯有……罪;有(做)……的过失 ②feel/be guilty 　     /at(doing)...对(做)……感到内疚 词汇 2 guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的 of about UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ① n.内疚;犯罪;罪行 内疚感 •As we sat in the waiting room, I was overwhelmed by a sense of guilt and wished him to awake.当我们坐在候诊室时,我充满了内疚感,希望他醒过来。 (读后续写·心理描写) ② adv.内疚地;有罪地 •She blushed guiltily and tears rolled down her face.她内疚地脸红了,眼泪从脸上滚落下来。  (读后续写·表情描写) guilt a sense of guilt guiltily UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.客人们 很快就要到了,因此克莱尔让托尼在当晚余下的时间里离开。(教材P3) 情景导学 He went on to dismiss the man as a weak and ineffective manager.他接着对这个人不屑一顾,认 为他是一个软弱无能的经理。 She was dismissed from her job for breaking the company's safety regulations.她因违反公司的 安全规则而被解雇了。 用法归纳 ①dismiss sth./sb. 　    ...认为某物/某人……而拒绝考虑/不予理会 ②dismiss sb. 　      his/her post 　    ...因为……而解雇某人 词汇拓展 n.解雇;开除;不予考虑 词汇 3 dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑 as from for dismissal UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听见他宣称他第二天不想离开她,并且他不仅仅是想让她 高兴。(教材P3) 情景导学 When the staff asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly against the policy.员工向他征求 意见时,他声明强烈反对这项政策。 Hearing the sports meeting declared open, all the students in our school burst into cheers.听到运 动会宣布开幕,我们学校的所有学生都欢呼起来。 (读后续写·场景描写) Julian screamed with delight when he was declared(to be) the winner of the competition.当宣布 朱利安赢得比赛时,他高兴得尖叫起来。 词汇 4 declare vt.表明;宣称;公布 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 ①declare for/　     ...声明支持/反对…… ②declare sb./oneself (　     )...宣布某人是/自称是…… ③declare sth.+adj.宣布某物/某事…… ④declare(that)...宣称…… ⑤declare war on...向……宣战 词汇拓展 ① n.宣布;公告;声明(书) 独立宣言 ②[近] v.宣布;通知;宣称 v.陈述;声明;说明 against to be declaration the Declaration of Independence announce state UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis为工作或服务支付的报酬, 通常按天或周支付(教材P4) 情景导学 On a daily basis, she reminded me that life went on.每天,她都提醒我生活还在继续。 The equipment needs checking on a regular basis.设备需要定期检查。 用法归纳 ①on a daily basis 　      ②on a 　      basis定期 词汇 5 on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准) 每天 regular UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ① 在……的基础上,根据……;因为…… •Don't judge a person on the basis of appearance.不要以貌取人。 ② 因为…… •Some movies are banned on the basis that they have a negative impact on the teens.有些电影 因为对青少年有负面影响而被禁播。 ③ 根据……;以……为基础 •However, nowadays people tend to believe that Chen Wangting, a 17th-century master of Chi- nese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills.不过,如今人们往往认为太极拳 是17世纪的中国武术大师陈王廷根据武术技巧创编的。 on the basis of... on the basis that... be based on... UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”.他们认为,如果人工智能可以为我们处理计 算和驾驶等任务,我们将有更多的时间来创造、思考和“当人类”。(教材P4) 情景导学 We can't calculate on parents doing everything for us.我们不能指望父母为我们做一切。 This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.这个广告旨在引起家庭主 妇们的注意。 It is calculated that some of the world's more than 7,000 languages are in danger of getting ex- tinct.据计算,世界上七千多种语言中的一些正处于消亡的危险之中。 词汇 6 calculate v.计算;核算;预测 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 ①calculate 　     sb. doing sth.指望/期望某人做某事 ②be calculated 　      sth.旨在做某事 ③　     is calculated that...据计算…… 词汇拓展 ① n.计算;估计;评估;预测 •Our guess was confirmed by calculation.我们的猜测通过计算得到证实。 ② n.计算器 ③ adj.精于算计的 ④ adj.精心策划的,蓄意的 on to do It calculation calculator calculating calculated UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.在科幻小说故事中,机器人往 往会变得更强,并占上风。(教材P6) 情景导学 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.人类的大脑将永远优于机器,因为机器只是人脑的工具。 (写作·人工智能的利弊) 用法归纳 be superior 　    ... 比……更好 特别提醒 superior本身就含有“较”的意思,故没有比较级或最高级形式。表示两者之间的比较时,不 与than连用,而要与to连用。 词汇 7 superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的 to UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ① n.优越,优势;优越性 •Gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.闲话之所 以令人满足,是因为它带给人们一种归属感,甚至优越感。 ② adj.较差的,次的,比不上……的 比不上……,比……差 •Many people hold the belief that ChatGPT is inferior to humans on the whole.很多人认为总的 说来ChatGPT比不上人类。 superiority inferior be inferior to... UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.在科幻小说故事中,机器人往 往会变得更强,并占上风。(教材P6) 情景导学 After university Jennifer went back to China, where she took over her family's business.大学毕业 后,珍妮弗回到中国,接管了家族的生意。 I remember the day shyness took over my life.我还记得那天害羞掌控了我的生活。 (2020天 津5月) It is said that mammals took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.据说哺乳动物是在6,500 万年前取代恐龙的。 After the death of Steve Jobs in 2011, Cook took over as CEO of Apple. 2011年史蒂夫·乔布斯 逝世后,库克便接任了苹果公司首席执行官。 词汇 8 take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手;取得对……的控制 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 ①take over 　     ... 取代…… ②take over 　    ... 接任…… 词汇拓展 理解;领会;吸入;欺骗 脱下(衣服);(飞机等)起飞;迅速流行;休假 承担;呈现;雇用;同……较量 开始从事;学着做;占用(时间或空间);继续(做);接着讲 •The boys rushed excitedly to the lake, took off their clothes and jumped into the water.男孩子 们兴奋地冲到湖边,脱下衣服,跳进了水里。 (读后续写·动作描写) •In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, my hometown has taken on a new look.近年来,随着经济的快速发展,我的家乡面貌焕然一新。 (写作·介绍家乡) from as take in take off take on take up UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day.夜晚来 了,就像一盏灯被熄灭了,转眼间白天又来了。(教材P8) 情景导学 It is said that the new factory can turn out 800 engines per day.据说那个新工厂每天可以生产80 0 台引擎。 Despite our worries everything turned out well.尽管我们很担心,但结果一切都顺利。 Eventually, the hiking turned out to be a delightful experience.最终,徒步旅行证明是一次愉快 的经历。 (写作·活动报道) It turned out that some hikers noticed the unusual bottle in the water.结果一些徒步旅行者注意 到了水中那个不同寻常的瓶子。 词汇 9 turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是;生产 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 ①turn out to be...结果是……;证明是…… ②turn out 　     /fine结果不错/令人满意 ③　     turned/turns out that...结果……;原来…… 词汇拓展 转向;向……求助;翻到(书的某页) 接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 截断(电流、煤气、水等);关掉 拒绝;把……调低,关小 出现,到场;调高(音量、热量等) 翻身;翻转;移交(控制、管理权) well It turn to turn on turn off turn down turn up turn over UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 •I was just about to give up when Harry turned up again, dashing to my rescue as fast as his legs could carry him.我正要放弃,这时哈里又出现了,他以最快的速度冲过来救我。 (读后续写· 动作描写) •Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the de- tails.考虑把你的旅行计划交给旅行代办人,让他复核所有细节。 (2023浙江1月) UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. 随着我的速度加快,实验室的墙壁消失了,我被留在了户外。(教材P8) 情景导学 According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour.根据大部分计算,竞走运动员以每小时6英里的速度走动,每小时会 消耗约800卡路里的能量。 (2020全国Ⅰ) Today, people from all walks of life are trying to acquire more knowledge to keep pace with the development of our times.如今来自各行各业的人们正在试图获得更多的知识以跟上时代发 展的步伐。 词汇 10 pace n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 He lit the dining-room lamp, got out a cigar, and began to pace up and down in the room.他点亮 了餐厅的灯,拿出一支雪茄,开始在房间里来回踱步。 (读后续写·动作描写) 用法归纳 ①keep pace 　     ...与……步伐一致;与……并驾齐驱 ②　     a pace of...以……的速度 ③pace up and down来回踱步 with at UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!我有 一种强烈的冲动去看那些正在我眼前随机闪过的东西!(教材P8) 情景导学 Tired of Missouri, Mark Twain had an urge to see the outside world.马克·吐温对密苏里州感到 厌倦了,他迫切地想去看看外面的世界。 I have urged the need for secrecy on/upon him.我强烈要求他保密。 I decided that if I learned of a company which used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.我决定,如果我知道一家公司使用了大量的塑料,我会给它发一封电子邮件,敦促它 减少使用量。 (2021新高考Ⅱ) 词汇 11 urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;敦促;大力推荐 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 The speaker urged that we (should) do our part to protect our environment.这位演讲者敦促我们 尽自己的一份力量来保护我们的环境。 (写作·环境保护) It is urged that the local conflict (should) be settled peacefully.人们强烈要求当地冲突应该和平 解决。 用法归纳 ①have 　     urge to do sth.有强烈的欲望做某事 ②urge sb. 　      sth.敦促/力劝某人做某事 ③urge sth. 　     sb.强烈要求某人某事 ④urge that...敦促/力劝……[that从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“        ” ⑤　     is urged that...(人们)主张/强烈要求……(that从句用虚拟语气) an to do on/upon  (should+)动词原形  It UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ①urgent adj.(行动、事件)紧急的;(状态、形势)紧迫的 in urgent need of repair急需修缮 it is urgent that...当务之急是…… ②urgently adv.紧急地;迫切地 ③urgency n.紧急,紧迫 a sense of urgency紧迫感 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!我有 一种强烈的冲动去看那些正在我眼前随机闪过的东西!(教材P8) 情景导学 Entering his room, I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.进入他 的房间后,我坐在地板上,随意从书架上抽出了几本书。 (读后续写·动作描写) 用法归纳 　     random 随意地;任意地 词汇拓展 randomly adv.随机地;胡乱地,任意地 •Participants were randomly divided into two groups.参与者被随机分成了两组。 (2022新 高考Ⅱ) 词汇 12 random adj.随机的;不可思议的 at UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!但是如果我停下来,同样的空间被其他东西占据了,我 们就会被挤在一起,然后像炸弹一样爆炸!(教材P9) 情景导学 The protest exploded into a riot.抗议爆发成一场暴乱。 (牛津高阶) The boss exploded with anger/rage when he knew the clerk's method and saw the sales report.老 板知道这个店员的方法并看到销售报告时勃然大怒。 (读后续写·情绪描写) 用法归纳 explode 　      突然发生某事;突然爆发某种感情 词汇 13 explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破;激增,勃然(大怒) into/with UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ①explosion n.爆炸;突然爆发;激增 •In an era of information explosion, people can easily be distracted by irrelevant information.在 信息爆炸的时代,人们很容易被无关紧要的信息分散注意力。 (写作·学习建议) ②explosive adj.(易)爆炸的 n.炸药 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇积累 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 test out 检验;测试 test out the new product=test the new product out (宾语为 名词)测试这种新产品 test it out(宾语为代词)测试 它 ridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的 It is ridiculous that...荒谬的是 ……  absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 weekly adj.每周的 n.周刊 adv.每周 一次 weekly meeting周会 weekly wage周薪 Employees are paid weekly.= Employees have weekly wages. 雇员按周领工资。 pros and cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对 You must weigh up the pros and cons.你必须权衡利弊。  advantages and disadvan- tages优点和缺点 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 These results conflict with ear- lier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛 盾。 labour n.劳动(者);体力劳动 vi.奋斗; 努力工作;干苦力活(生义) labour union工会 the labour shortage劳动力短 缺 He laboured all day in the fields.他在地里干了一天 活。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 backwards(英) backward(美) adv.向后;倒着;往回 Tom took a step backwards.汤 姆向后退了一步。 forward(s) adv.向前 upward(s) adv.向上 downward(s) adv.向下 eastward(s) adv.向东 westward(s) zadv.向西 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来 bring, take, fetch, carry辨析   UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 division n.分开;分隔;分配;差异;除(法)(生义) The division of responsibilities between central and local governments is important for the reform.中央政府和地方政府的责任分配对改革是重要的。 a division problem一道除法题 divide v.(使)分开;分配;除(以) n.差异,分歧 divide A from B把A和B分离/隔开 divide (sth.) into...(把某物)分成…… They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background.他们被随机分为四组,暴露在不同噪声水平的背景下。 (2021全国乙) UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 maximum adj.最大限度的 n.最大量;最大限度 a maximum of... ……的最大量 The plane can carry a maximum of 150 people. 这架飞机最多可载150人。 to the maximum达到最大限度 The volunteer work will require you to use all your skills to the maximum.这份志愿工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你所有的技能。  minimum adj.最小的 n.最小值 mud n.泥;泥浆 muddy adj.泥泞的 -y为形容词后缀,表示“充满……的;有……特征的”。帮助名词构成形容词。如:rainy多雨的;sleepy瞌睡的; woody树木茂盛的;sunny阳光充足的。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 经典结构 情境破 结构 1 more...than.../more than... 　　He seemed more like a human than a machine.他看起来更像一个人,而不是机器。(教材P2) She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他宣布他第二天并不想离开她,而且他不仅仅是想让她开 心。(教材P3) 情景导学 There are more people than we expected.人比我们想象中的多。 Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before.烹饪节目和 关于食物的纪录片比以前播放得更频繁了。 (2023全国乙) It is more a picture than a poem.与其说它是一首诗,不如说它是一幅画。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 This,more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philoso- phy to improve a life.这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习用哲学来改善生 活的书。 (2023全国甲) Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.Bailey在跑到超过赛程的三分之二时,她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。  (2023新课标Ⅰ) They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.看到我们远征而归,他们非 常高兴。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 　　①more...than...比……多的……;比……更……;　     ②more than+  与其说……不如说……  UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.当她转过身时,格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那 里。(教材P2) 情景导学 For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.一时之间什么也没有 发生。然后传来了齐声喊叫的声音。　     (读后续写·场景描写) After the five wonderful songs, next came the interesting games.欣赏了五首精彩的歌曲,接下来 是有趣的游戏环节。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas in the street.下雨了,街上的伞都撑起来了。  (读后续写·场景描写) Out came a voice that he had never heard before.传出来一个他从来没有听过的声音。 结构 2 副词位于句首的完全倒装句 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 　　当表示方向、地点和时间的副词out、in、up、down、away、back、there、here、 now、 next、then等放在①　     ,谓语动词是be、go、come、run、lie、stand等,且主语是 ②         时,句子常用完全倒装,即整个谓语置于主语前面。 特别提醒 (1)在完全倒装句中,谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时。 (2)当主语为代词时,主谓不倒装。 •Here he comes.他来了。 (3)在完全倒装句中,整个谓语都位于主语之前,所以应注意主谓一致的问题。 句首 名词 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 结构拓展 　　将表语或表示地点的介词短语置于句首时,其后也通常用完全倒装语序。 •Gone are the days when China had to depend on other countries for aid.中国依靠其他国家提 供援助的日子一去不返了。 •In the small space was the brightest and most beautiful Christmas tree I had ever seen.在那狭 小的空间里是我见过的最明亮、最漂亮的圣诞树。 (读后续写·场景描写) UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.他建议她邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来,时间就定在他要 离去和拉里要回来的前夜。(教材P3) 情景导学 The meeting was to be held the next week.会议将于下一周举行。 Justice was to prevail and peace was to come.正义必将获胜,和平注定会来到。 The discovery was to have a great influence on the treatment of cancer.这一发现后来对治疗癌 症产生了很大的影响。 结构 3 was/were to do的用法 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 　　was/were to do为过去将来时的一种形式,可以表示: ①曾经计划要做的事,但不表明计划是否被执行; ②注定要发生(而不是计划)的事; ③后来发生的事。 特别提醒 (1)was/were to do有时是“系动词be+动词不定式”作表语的结构。 •The mission was to find the key.任务是找到那把钥匙。 (2)if引导的条件状语从句中用were to do表示对将来情况的虚拟,不受人称和数的限制。 •If I were to do the work, I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这项工作,我会以不同的 方式去做。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 结构拓展 　　is/are to do结构表示按计划或约定将要做的事,也可以表示可能性、应该、必要、责 任、义务、禁止等。 •We are to meet at 8 a.m. in the conference room.我们上午八点在会议室见。(计划) •Our exercise books are to be handed in before school is over.我们的练习本必须在放学前交 上去。 (必要) •Teachers are to be respected by the whole society.教师应该受到全社会的尊重。(应该) •People are not to smoke in the office.禁止人们在办公室吸烟。(禁止) •In the face of difficulty, the captain is to remain on board.即使面对困难,船长也要留在船 上。(责任、义务) UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 长难句图解 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 复习被动语态 　　被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。当强调动作的承受者,不必或不方便指明动作 的执行者,或出于其他的修辞需要时,常使用被动语态。不同的时态下谓语动词有不同的被 动语态构成形式。 一、被动语态概述 情景导学 Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.12岁以下的儿童在一个成人 的陪同下可免费入场。 (2022全国乙) I was invited to a cookout on an old friend's farm in western Washington.我被邀请去华盛顿西 部一个老朋友的农场野餐。 (2023浙江1月) 必备语法 情景破 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.经过三年的试验期, 大熊猫国家公园将于明年正式建立。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.让伦敦养老院的老年居民照顾母鸡,以消除他们的孤独感。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) Walking into the room, we noticed that the children were being taught how to draw a duck.走进 房间,我们注意到孩子们正在被教授如何画鸭子。 (读后续写·动作描写) The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.该慈善机构已经得到了财 政支持,以便在全国范围内推广这个活动。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) When we arrived, all the vegetables had been sold out.当我们到达的时候,所有的蔬菜都已经卖 光了。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.成本将被削 减,运营效率将全面提高。(2022全国乙) When you arrive at six tomorrow, the work will have been finished.你明天六点钟到的时候,工 作就已经做完了。 Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.登记必须至少提前两周进行。　      (2022新高考Ⅱ) 用法归纳 (1)被动语态的基本构成形式:助动词be+及物动词的①　     (+by sb.)。被动语态发 生时态变化时只变be的形式。 (2)被动语态的各种时态形式: 一般现在时:am/is/are done 一般过去时:②　     过去分词 was/were done  UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 一般将来时:will/shall be done;am/is/are going to be done;am/is/are to be done 现在进行时:③　      过去进行时:was/were being done 现在完成时:④　      过去完成时:⑤　      过去将来时:⑥　      将来完成时:will/shall have been done (3)含情态动词的被动语态:⑦　      am/is/are being done have/has been done had been done would be done 情态动词+be done UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 二、被动语态应注意的问题 情景导学1 It is said that the story happened in the 19th century.据说这个故事发生在19世纪。 It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.已经确认会议将于下个星期召 开。 用法归纳1 ⑧　     不能用于被动语态,如happen、rise、die、appear、occur、 break out、take place等。 情景导学2 He was made to work with the man for a day.他被迫与那个男人一起工作了一天。 He is often seen to play basketball by us.我们经常看见他打篮球。 不及物动词(短语) UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳2 　　在使役动词make和感官动词see、hear、watch、observe、notice等后面作宾语补足语的 不定式不带to,但在被动语态中不定式要⑨　    。 情景导学3 The patients were taken good care of in the hospital.病人们在医院里得到了很好的照料。 The lights are turned off at 11 p.m. every day.每天晚上11点关灯。 用法归纳3 　　短语动词变为被动语态时不可漏掉与动词搭配的⑩　     ,这样的短语动词常 见的有:take care of、laugh at、hand in、carry out、turn off、make use of、pay attention to、 attend to、take part in等。 还原to  介词或副词 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 情景导学4 These books which are intended for children sell well.这些儿童用书卖得很好。 The material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.这种料子很容易撕破,因此你穿的时候 要小心。 People all agreed that the delivery guy deserved praising.人们一致认为这名快递员值得表扬。 The temple requires repairing.这座寺庙需要修缮了。 In my opinion, the salesgirl is to blame for the quarrel.在我看来,这次争吵该怪那个女售货员。 用法归纳4 　　主动形式表示被动意义: (1)有些动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,如sell、tear、write、read、wash等。这些动词往 往指事物的特征,且常与well、easily、badly等副词连用。 (2)be worth以及want、need、require、deserve后可接动名词的 　     形式表示被动意义。 (3)sb. be to blame用主动形式表示被动意义,表示“某人应受责备”。 主动 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 情景导学5 Three people got badly injured in the traffic accident.在这场交通事故中三个人受了重伤。 用法归纳5 “ 　     +过去分词”也可以表示被动意义。 get/got UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 三、非谓语动词的被动语态 1.动词不定式的被动语态 情景导学 My heart leaped with joy as I knew we were likely to be saved.当我知道我们很有可能得救时, 我的心高兴地狂跳。 (读后续写·心理描写) He is said to have been given a gold medal.据说他已经获得了一枚金牌。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式  　      表示发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生的被动动作 完成式  　      表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 to be done to have been done UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 特别提醒 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,又和句中另一名 词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do与things是逻辑上 的动宾关系,与I是逻辑上的主谓关系) (2)在某些形容词作表语或宾语补足语,并且形容词后跟不定式的结构中,句子的主语或宾语 是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这样的形容词有easy, hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 You may find your failure hard to accept.你可能觉得难以接受自己的失败。 This kind of novel is easy to find in the bookstores.这种小说在书店里很容易找到。 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 2.动词-ing形式的被动语态 情景导学 Being selected as Chairman of the students' union made him feel proud.被选为学生会主席让他 很自豪。 Tony was very unhappy at not having been invited to the party.托尼对未受邀参加聚会甚为不满。 用法归纳 被动结构 用法 一般式  　      既可表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作,也可表示在谓 语动词之前或之后发生的被动动作 完成式 having been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 being done UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 即时巩固 完成句子 1.再次经过那座被遗弃的房子时,我发现了打破的窗户,它已经被完美地修复了。 Passing the deserted house again, I spotted the broken window, which 　      per- fectly. 2.必须充分利用每一分钟来提高你的英语口语。(use) Every minute 　      to improve your spoken English. 3.自从你在那次事故中受伤后,我一直很挂念你。 I have been concerned about you since you 　      in the accident. 4.这部电影使我回忆起我在那个遥远的村庄受到照顾的时光。 The film brought the moments back to me when I 　      in that faraway village. has been repaired must be made full use of got/was injured was taken care of UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 5.我们上学的时候,任何一个调皮捣蛋的孩子被抓住都要在课堂前面罚站。(make) Any child caught misbehaving 　      at the front of the class when we were at school. 6.我非常感激两年前已经被给予去国外学习的机会。(give) I appreciated 　      the chance to study abroad two years ago very much. was made to stand having been given UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $$