精品解析：上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

建平中学2024学年第二学期期中教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. By the time he emerged from the operating room, the surgeon had already spent hours performing what ultimately ________ to be an ineffective surgery. A. proved B. was proved C. would prove D. had proved 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他从手术室出来的时候，外科医生已经花了几个小时做了最终证明是无效的手术。本空在what引导的宾语从句中作谓语，描述过去发生的动作，所以时态用一般过去时，用prove“证明是，结果是”的过去式，故选A。 2. He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. putting D. to put 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他环顾四周，偶然撞见一个男人把手放进了一位顾客的口袋里！catch sb doing sth 偶然撞见某人在干某事，这里的现在分词是做宾语补足语，强调动作的主动和进行，故选C。 3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A. whose B. which C. from whose D. from which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们至今仍在遭受洪灾的影响。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“floods”，在从句中 “effects”与“floods” 是所属关系，即“洪水的影响”，所以用“whose”来引导定语从句，同时“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受…… 的痛苦”，在定语从句中把 “from”提前，就构成了“from whose effects people are still suffering”。故选C项。 4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态形式。句意：孩子们在饭桌旁如此大声地说话，以致于我不得不努力使得自己被听到。“struggle to do sth”意思是努力做某事；“hear”和其逻辑主语“I”之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式。故选A。 5. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks ________ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. opening and closing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上课伊始，课桌开关的声音在教室外都能听到。本句谓语为could be heard，此处为非谓语动词，作定语，修饰desks。desks与open和close为被动关系，且动作正在发生，应用现在分词的被动式being opened and closed，作后置定语。故填being opened and closed。 6. Tom looked at Jenny, with tears _______ his eyes, and shouted out the words _______ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构和分词作定语用法。句意：Tom看着Jenny，眼里都是眼泪，说出了多年藏在心里的话。本题第一空tears与动词fill构成主动关系，故使用现在分词的形式，构成with tears filling his eyes的with复合结构。第二空的动词hide与名词words构成被动关系，故使用过去分词短语做定语修饰名词。故选C。 7. — Why was he fined? — He happened to ________ several flowers in the park. A. see to pick B. be seeing picking C. be seen to pick D. see picking 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：——他为什么被罚款？——他碰巧被看到在公园里摘了几朵花。 happen to do…是固定搭配，意为“碰巧……”，根据问句中“Why was he fined”可推知，他是碰巧被别人看到在公园摘花才被罚款的，需使用不定式的被动语态to be seen to pick，表示“被看到摘……”。故选C项。 8. After ________ by the heavy flood, Henan province experienced serious damage to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region. A. struck, were trapped B. being struck, trapped C. being struck, having been trapped D. having been struck; were trapped 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构。句意：在遭受特大洪水袭击后，河南省的风景名胜区遭受严重破坏，许多游客被困在灾区。第一个空：本句谓语为experienced，此处为非谓语动词，且Henan province与strike“袭击”为被动关系，应用过去分词，且位于After后，所以要用动名词的被动式 being struck ，作宾语。第二个空：many tourists与trap“使陷入困境”之间是被动关系，要用过去分词trapped，与many tourists构成独立主格结构。故选B。 9. Having spotted the tiny mistake in the experimental data — a flaw that had escaped even her most careful peers — the young researcher swiftly adjusted her hypothesis to ________ the reliability of her ground-breaking study. A. ensure B. perceive C. afford D. predict 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的研究人员发现了实验数据中一个微小的错误 —— 这个错误甚至连她最细心的同事都没有注意到 —— 她迅速调整了自己的假设，以确保她这项开创性研究的可靠性。A. ensure确保，保证；B. perceive感知，理解，意识到；C. afford买得起，承担得起；D. predict预测，预言。根据句意可知，这位年轻的研究人员发现了实验数据中的一个错误，并迅速调整了自己的假设，目的是为了“确保”她研究的可靠性。因此，“ensure”符合语境。故选A项。 10. ________ in ways few colleagues could match, the physician maintained 24-hour emergency services throughout the pandemic, making her clinic a shelter for vulnerable families. A. Respected B. Dedicated C. Armed D. Concerned 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这位医生以几乎无人能及的奉献精神，在整个疫情期间维持24小时紧急服务，使她的诊所成为弱势家庭的庇护所。A. Respected尊敬；B. Dedicated专注，奉献；C. Armed配备；D. Concerned关心，担忧。根据“maintained 24-hour emergency services throughout the pandemic”可知，在疫情期间持续提供24小时紧急服务，由此可知，此处强调医生的“奉献精神”，所以此处应为动词dedicate与逻辑主语the physician之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式作状语。故选B项。 Section B (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Patient Companion Mainly found in large cities with better medical resources, patient companions exist to help people deal with complicated medical systems. The profession ____11____ (develop) rapidly in China, with companion services being used over 4.3 million times in 2023. The total industry ____12____ (value) at 747 million yuan. In most cases, patient companions are found by clients ____13____ on social media. After the two sides sign an agreement, the patient companion ____14____ research the patient’s condition as well as the hospital where the patient is being treated. Patient companions arrive early to check in for appointments, ____15____ allows their clients to skip the long lines found in many large hospitals. They go to make payments or pick up prescriptions (医生开的药) on behalf of the patients if the latter have difficulty ____16____ (walk) or are unfamiliar with the processes. While waiting, the companions also provide emotional support and simple medical information to their clients. When ____17____ (permit), they will enter the consultation room with patients and take notes for them. Patient companions also help to facilitate communication between patients and doctors. As China’s population ages, there has been an increased demand for patient companions in recent years. The elderly often need help booking appointments at the crowded top hospitals. Meanwhile, many young people have started using patient companion services, as they found asking relatives or friends unnecessary or sometimes ____18____ (embarrass). The emergence of patient companions has helped to fill some gaps in China’s medical systems. And it looks like the profession is here to stay. Last month, Shanghai announced that it would include patient companions in its eldercare welfare system ____19____ a trial basis. With more comprehensive regulations ____20____ (introduce) in the future, patient companions will be more beneficial to both patients and medical workers. 【答案】11. is developing##has been developing 12. is valued 13. themselves 14. must##should 15. which 16. walking 17. permitted 18. embarrassing 19. on 20. to introduce##to be introduced 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国患者陪护行业的发展现状、服务内容及市场需求。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在中国，该职业正迅速发展，2023年陪伴服务使用超过430万次。develop“发展”。本句描述正在发生的动作，时态用现在进行时，主语The profession为第三人称单数，be动词用is。或者可以理解为：develop这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以助动词用has。故填is developing/has been developing。 【12题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：该行业总价值7.47亿元。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语industry与value“给……估价”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is valued。 【13题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：大多数情况下，客户自己在社交媒体上寻找陪诊员。此处强调 “客户自己” 寻找，用反身代词themselves。故填 themselves。 【14题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：双方签约后，陪诊员必须/应该研究患者病情及就诊医院。根据职业要求，用must“必须”或should“应该”体现职责义务。故填 must/should。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：患者陪护人员会提前到达医院办理预约手续，这样他们的客户就可以跳过许多大医院里长长的排队队伍。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果病人行走困难或对流程不熟悉，他们会代表病人付款或取药。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，本空用walk的动名词，作宾语。故填walking。 【17题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：在得到允许的情况下，他们会和病人一起进入咨询室，并为他们做笔记。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的when引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When they are _______ (permit)，they与permit“允许”为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填permitted。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：与此同时，许多年轻人开始使用患者陪护服务，因为他们发现向亲戚或朋友寻求帮助是不必要的，有时甚至是令人尴尬的。此处作宾语补足语，意为“令人尴尬的”，应用形容词embarrassing。故填embarrassing。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：上个月，上海宣布将试行将患者陪护纳入其养老福利体系。on a trial basis意为“在试验的基础上”，是固定短语。故填on。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：未来引入更全面的法规后，陪诊员将更惠及医患。此处为with的复合结构，且regulations与introduce“引进”为被动关系，且动作尚未发生，用不定式作宾补。也可用不定式的主动形式，表示被动含义。故填to introduce/to be introduced。 Section C (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．embarrassment B．flow C．spread D．irregular E．lower F．overlooked G．present H．ruining I．sharpening J．skilled K．trained Growing Up on the Grid Like computer circuit boards (电路板), many American cities are organized into grid (网格) patterns and they experience a vast ___21___ of people moving through them. In our new study published in Nature, we reveal that the city grid has a problem. Designed to ease navigation, they can in turn ___22___ the spatial (空间的) skill of those who grow up in them. Learning to navigate allows us to be independent, adventure to new places, and avoid the ___23___ of getting lost. Previous studies reported that our navigation ability can be affected by many factors, such as age, gender and education. One factor that had been ___24___ was the environment where we grow up. We therefore wanted to find out whether it was better to grow up in the city or countryside with regard to the ___25___ of one's navigation skills. To answer this question, we tested such skills of over four million people via Sea Hero Quest, an app-based video game we developed. It turned out that people who grew up outside of cities were better navigators than those who had grown up inside of them. The advantage was ___26___ across the lifespan of the participants, though showing a slight increase in later life. So what is it about cities that seems to bring down our spatial abilities? We may examine the rankings across countries for the navigation skill. One feature of these countries (the U.S, Canada and Argentina) whose citizens are terrible navigators is that they all have grid - arranged cities. At the other end of the rankings are countries such as Romania and Italy, with highly ___27___ city layouts. Do our results suggest that griddy cities are ___28___ your navigation abilities? Not quite. We found that although people who grew up in griddy cities were worse at navigation overall, they were slightly more ___29___ at navigating griddy environments than people from outside cities. So, if you were to pass through Manhattan or Barcelona, having a fellow navigator who grew up in a city would be helpful. The clusters of information moving through their brain circuits have been ____30____ to succeed within the grid. 【答案】21. B 22. E 23. A 24. F 25. I 26. G 27. D 28. H 29. J 30. K 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。研究发现，成长于网格状城市的人导航能力整体弱于乡村，但更擅长在网格环境中导航。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像计算机电路板一样，许多美国城市也呈网格状布局，并且每天都有大量人员在其中穿梭往来。根据“of people moving through them”以及句意“大量”可知短语为a vast flow of，作宾语。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：其设计初衷是为了方便导航，但这样一来，那些在这样的环境中长大的人可能会降低自身的空间感知能力。根据“the spatial skill of those who grow up in them”以及句意“降低”可知应用动词lower，且can后跟动词原形。故选E。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：学会导航能让我们变得独立，能够前往新的地方探险，并且避免因迷路而产生的尴尬局面。根据“of getting lost”以及句意“尴尬”可知应用名词embarrassment，作宾语。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：有一个因素此前被忽视了，那就是我们成长的环境。根据“Previous studies reported that our navigation ability can be affected by many factors, such as age, gender and education.(先前的研究表明，我们的导航能力会受到诸多因素的影响，比如年龄、性别和教育程度等)”以及句意“忽视”可知应用动词overlook，根据上文had been可知为过去完成时的被动语态，故选F。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：因此，我们想要弄清楚，就导航技能的提升而言，在城市还是乡村长大更好。根据“of one’s navigation skills”以及句意“提升”可知应用名词sharpening，作宾语，故选I。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种优势在参与者的整个生命周期中都存在，不过在晚年时有所增强。根据“”以及句意“存在”可知应用形容词present，作表语。故选G。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在排名的另一端是像罗马尼亚和意大利这样的国家，这些国家的城市布局非常不规则。根据“At the other end of the rankings are countries such as Romania and Italy, with highly”以及句意“不规律”可知应用形容词irregular，修饰名词layouts。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们的研究结果是否表明，拥挤的城市正在损害你的导航能力呢？根据“navigation abilities”以及句意“损害”可知应用动词ruin，结合are可知为现在进行时。故选H。 29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们发现，尽管在拥挤城市长大的人整体上在导航方面表现较差，但他们比来自城市之外的人在应对拥挤环境时的导航能力要稍强一些。根据“at navigating griddy environments than people from outside cities”以及句意可知应用形容词skilled，作表语。故选J。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些在大脑神经回路中传递的信息群组已经经过训练，能够在该网格结构中正常运作。根据“to succeed within the grid”以及句意“训练”可知应用动词train，根据have been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故选K。 III．Reading Comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of ___31___ or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) ___32___ — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers ___33___ yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt, a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills ___34___. Journalists regularly drop into ___35___ subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his ___36___ attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of ___37___ myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like ___38___ what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that ___39___ as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever ___40___ and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are ___41___ forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a ___42___. (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to ___43___ your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so ___44___? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about ___45___ the ongoing process itself. 31. A. dissatisfaction B. incomprehension C. uncertainty D. distrust 32. A. routine B. exception C. reminder D. obstacle 33. A. completed B. abandoned C. fixed D. ruined 34. A. carefully B. fast C. seldom D. frequently 35. A. popular B. unfamiliar C. contemporary D. established 36. A. durable B. focused C. limited D. deliberate 37. A. reinventing B. declaring C. justifying D. marketing 38. A. wondering B. ignoring C. recognizing D. describing 39. A. curiosity B. pleasure C. anxiety D. reluctance 40. A. satisfied needs B. hidden talents C. trained skills D. buried memories 41. A. less happy B. more entertaining C. less intense D. more visible 42. A. fear B. relief C. burden D. challenge 43. A. observe B. transform C. predict D. control 44. A. confusing B. discouraging C. engaging D. demanding 45. A. redefining B. completing C. reversing D. embracing 【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章围绕中年人对学习新技能的心态展开，探讨了因害怕表现不佳、缺乏年轻时的精力而不愿重新开始的矛盾，同时肯定了终身学习在过程中带来的成长价值。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐在教室里，周围笼罩着一圈圈困惑的云雾，或者一堂又一堂地真诚尝试学习一项显然不会在我生命中起重要作用的技能，这已经是几十年前的事了。A. dissatisfaction不满；B. incomprehension困惑；C. uncertainty不确定；D. distrust不信任。根据上文“absolute beginner”以及语境可知，这里指作者作为初学者在课堂上常因不懂而困惑。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：三十出头学骑自行车是个例外 —— 当我丈夫不得不像你陪孩子一样在自行车旁跑时，有点尴尬，但最终很有收获。A. routine惯例；B. exception例外；C. reminder提醒；D. obstacle障碍。结合下文“I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers 　3　 yet another paper crane.”以及语境可知，作者中年学习很少掌握一些知识，而学骑车是中年时少有的成功尝试，属于例外。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会忘记他们安静的困惑，因为我笨拙的手指又毁了一只纸鹤。A. completed完成；B. abandoned放弃；C. fixed修理；D. ruined毁坏。根据上文“clumsy fingers”及“quiet puzzlement”可知，这里指作者的笨拙导致纸鹤被毁坏，让孩子们很困惑。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一直在了解新的事实，但很少学习新技能。A. carefully仔细地；B. fast快速地；C. seldom很少；D. frequently频繁地。根据上文“I learn new facts all the time”以及but表示转折可知，这里指作者很少学会新技能。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记者经常进入不熟悉的亚文化和专业领域，至少学到足够多的东西来提出正确的问题。A. popular流行的；B. unfamiliar不熟悉的；C. contemporary当代的；D. established资深的，知名的。根据下文“learning enough at least to ask the right questions”以及常识可知，记者的工作性质是要接触不熟悉的领域并需要不断学习。故选B项。 【36题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在积极收集陈述性知识（知道是什么）和对程序性知识（知道如何做）的有限关注之间的区别，我很熟悉。A. durable持久的；B. focused专注的；C. limited有限的；D. deliberate故意的。根据上文“learning enough at least to ask questions”可知，记者对“知道如何做”的关注是有限的，所以还需要不断学习。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. reinventing重塑；B. declaring宣布；C. justifying证明；D. marketing营销。根据下文“late-blooming skier”以及语境可知，这里指作者假设对自我形象重塑。故选A项。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把自己重塑为大器晚成的滑雪者或马拉松选手的前景，只会激发一种闲散的兴趣，就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。A. wondering好奇；B. ignoring忽视；C. recognizing认出；D. describing描述。根据上文“sparks only an idle interest”以及语境可知，idle interest对应“好奇”的心态，这里指就像好奇住在高速公路旁某个小镇上会是什么样子。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，有一种方式可以把这种不情愿视为积极的事情。A. curiosity好奇；B. pleasure快乐；C. anxiety焦虑；D. reluctance不情愿。根据上文“Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner”以及语境可知，作者不想念成为初学者的时刻，所以这里指作者对重新开始学习有不情愿。故选D项。 【40题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：无如果你热爱你的工作，并发现它在智力和创造性上都能满足你的需求，那么你可能就不会有发现自己内心其他空间的冲动，不管怎样隐藏的才华和错失的机会可能就在那里。A. satisfied needs满足了的需求；B. hidden talents隐藏的天赋；C. trained skills培训技能；D. buried memories埋藏的记忆。根据下文“missed opportunities”以及选项可知，与“missed opportunities” 并列的应是“隐藏的天赋”，这里指因为太满足于生活所以不会去发掘自己还有什么隐藏的天赋。故选B项。 【41题详解】 考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：但也有不那么愉快的力量在起作用。A. less happy不那么愉快的；B. more entertaining更有趣的；C. less intense不那么强烈的；D. more visible更明显的。根据下文“the fear of being bad”以及语境可知，这是属于不愉快的因素。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中年带来了更大的情绪平静，这是一个不起眼的优势，但也是一种解脱。A. fear恐惧；B. relief解脱；C. burden负担；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“greater emotional calm”以及语境可知，emotional calm对应的是一种解脱感，因为无需像年轻时那样大起大落。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在四五十岁时，它不太可能改变你的命运。A. observe观察；B. transform改变；C. predict预测；D. control控制。根据上文“It might be fun”以及but表示转折可知，这里指中年学习难以改变命运。故选B项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这不正是让终身学习如此吸引人的原因吗？A. confusing令人困惑的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. engaging吸引人的；D. demanding要求高的。根据下文“we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity”可知，终身学习是吸引人的。故选C项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习不再是为了掌握，而是为了拥抱这个持续的过程本身。A. redefining重新定义；B. completing完成；C. reversing逆转；D. embracing拥抱。根据下文“ongoing process”以及语境可知，这里指我们应拥抱学习过程而非追求掌握一定知识。故选D项。 Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of such prominent features had altered the appearance of the town center entirely, much to the annoyance of its conservative inhabitants. Among the annoyed, under normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force. But at the height of that week’s storm, when the winds brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. A large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis (支气管炎). When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working. It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyd, took the initiative and drove him to the doctor’s door that he finally gave in. In no time at all, Lloyd took him to the chemist’s to get his prescribed antibiotics and then home to Molly, who sent him straight to bed. When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham wasn’t been able to take it in. On Thursday evening, he asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head. It wasn’t until Saturday, when the antibiotics took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realized with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This has not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised (掩饰) the true state of the worn furniture in the living room. Also, the leafy garden had created an impression of privacy. With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness (简陋). And the view from the window didn’t bear looking at. 46. Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm? A. The town looked different. B. The police had done little to help. C. No market could be held. D. Fallen trees had not been removed. 47. From the third paragraph, what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham and his work? A. He found his work extremely annoying. B. He was sure that he played a vital role in his work. C. He considered the police systems not efficient. D. He did not trust the decisions made by his superiors. 48. When Inspector Pelham’s wife told him about the walnut tree, he appeared to be ________. A. relaxed. B. shocked. C. saddened. D. uninterested. 49. What was the impact of the storm on the Pelhams’ living-room? A. It was pleasantly brighter. B. It felt less private. C. It had a better view. D. It looked less shabby. 【答案】46. A 47. B 48. B 49. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Brackham地区风暴吹倒许多树，警局局长Pelham因支气管炎病倒，康复后发现自家核桃树被吹倒，客厅景象大变。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of such prominent features had altered the appearance of the town center entirely, much to the annoyance of its conservative inhabitants.(布拉卡姆地区在暴风雨中损失惨重，众多树木被连根拔起。尤其令人痛心的是，镇中心历史悠久的集市广场上，两棵地标性的参天椴树也未能幸免。这些百年古树的消失，使得小镇中心景观面目全非，引得当地守旧的居民们怨声载道)”可知，风暴过后，布拉克姆镇上的一些人感到不满是因为这个城镇看起来变得不一样了。故选A。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working.(但佩勒姆警长坚信警察局离不开他，于是像往常一样没有听从妻子的劝告，继续工作)”可知，首席督察佩勒姆确信自己在工作中起着至关重要的作用。故选B。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham wasn’t been able to take it in.(周四清晨，当莫莉告知他那棵胡桃树在昨夜风暴中倒下时，佩勒姆一时难以置信)”可知，当佩勒姆警官的妻子向他提及那棵核桃树时，他感到吃惊。故选B。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This has not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised (掩饰) the true state of the worn furniture in the living room. Also, the leafy garden had created an impression of privacy.(原先从客厅望出去，那棵挺拔的胡桃树是最醒目的景致。虽然对面墙上的窗户保证了室内采光，但树影婆娑间投下的斑驳光影，巧妙遮掩了客厅陈旧家具的岁月痕迹。而今枝叶繁茂的庭院景致不再，那份静谧的私密感也随之消散)”可知，场风暴让静谧的私密感也随之消散，佩勒姆家的客厅变得不再那么私密了。故选B。 (B) “When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, “it means just what I choose to mean—neither more nor less.” —THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS I agree with Mr. Dumpty: Words have meaning. But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.” - blamestorming n. — the act of attempting to identify the person who is most at fault for a plan’s failure - cellfish n. — someone who talks on the phone to the exclusion of those he or she is with - chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe - chiptease n. — a bag of potato chips that seems full but is mostly air - dullema n. — the choice between two equally boring outcomes - epiphinot n. — an idea that seems like an amazing insight to the conceiver but is in fact pointless, mundane, stupid, or incorrect - errorist n. — someone who is repeatedly or invariably wrong - nonversation n. — a completely meaningless or useless conversation - pregret v. — to know what you’ re about to do is wrong, wrong, wrong while also knowing you will do it anyway - unlighten v. — to learn something that makes you dumber 50. According to the writer, “worderfuls” refer to words ________. A. that are collected by online dictionaries B. that already exist but have a new meaning C. that are made up to match certain meanings D. that have been included in Merriam-Webster 51. Which of the following words can be illustrated by the picture below? A. blamestorming B. chairdrobe C. chiptease D. epiphinot 【答案】50. C 51. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从众包在线词典urban dictionary.com上挑出来的或作者自己创造的一些词。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.”(但我们可以确定一个含义，然后创造一个与之对应的词汇。以下这些词汇——其中一些取自网络众筹词典“urbanictionary.com”，而另外一些则是我自己编造的——在《韦氏词典》中并不存在……但它们应该存在。我称它们为“worderfuls”)”可知，worderfuls指的是为了配合特定的意思而编造出来的词，故选C。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。观察图片可知，图中有很多衣服放在椅子上，根据文中“chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe(“chairdrobe”名词——一种放置衣物的椅子，这些衣物属于衣柜内的衣物，与“floorrobe”（地板式衣柜）不能混淆)”可知，这幅图可以阐明chairdrobe这个词，故选B。 Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a sentence from the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you will need. BMI Is Not Enough to Describe Obesity Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health. ___52___ Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types. It’s time for a better method. In January, a proposal by an international group of 58 health experts was published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. The experts say that doctors should either supplement or replace BMI readings with other body measurements, such as waistline, or tests that can objectively measure body fat, when diagnosing obesity. They also want to divide obesity into two categories: clinical (临床) and preclinical. Clinical obesity is accompanied by health problems tied to excess body fat. People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored. ___53___ The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world. Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice. For example, machines that can accurately measure body composition aren’t available in every doctor’s office. Besides, insurance policies are often several steps behind evolving medical practices. ___54___ The classification of obesity, for example, could help determine which patients would benefit from treatments like drugs and surgery. For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients. The medical community has debated for a long time whether obesity should be considered as a disease. While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes (2型糖尿病) and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause. ___55___ These debates prove that we need accurate methods of assessing obesity and its health impacts. A. This distinction could change how people understand obesity. B. Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions. C. In fact, obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. D. Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care. E. Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle. F. Whichever BMI category a person falls into, it’s important to look beyond that number to get a whole picture of his health. 【答案】52. E 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了身体质量指数（BMI）在诊断肥胖方面的局限性，以及国际健康专家提出的改进建议。 【52题详解】 根据前文“Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health.( 身体质量指数是一种粗略的体重与身高的比值，通常用于诊断肥胖。但许多专家认为，这并不是最好的工具。BMI并不能说明一个人的健康状况。)”提到BMI 是衡量肥胖的常用指标，但很多专家认为它不是最好的工具，BMI 几乎不能说明一个人的健康状况，以及后文“Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types.( 此外，它的设计并不是为了评估各种不同的体型。)”提到它不是为评估不同类型的身体而设计的。E选项“Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle.( 该指数的缺点之一是，它无法区分脂肪和肌肉带来的体重。)”进一步说明了 BMI 的缺陷，与上下文衔接紧密。故选E项。 【53题详解】 根据前文“People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored.( 然而，患有临床前肥胖的人不会立即出现与体重相关的健康问题。换句话说，前者是一种疾病，而后者是一种需要监测的健康风险。)”提到专家想把肥胖分为临床肥胖和临床前肥胖两类，并对这两类肥胖进行了具体解释，A 选项“This distinction could change how people understand obesity.( 这种区分可能会改变人们对肥胖的理解。)”中的 “This distinction”指代前文对两种肥胖类型的区分，符合语境。故选A项。 【54题详解】 根据前文“The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world. Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice.( 该提案得到了全球76家医疗机构支持。不过，要把它付诸实践并不容易。)”提到该提议实施起来不容易，以及后文“For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients.( 对于临床前患者，单独监测可能就足够了。这项提议可以帮助医生决定是否、何时以及如何治疗病人。)”提到肥胖的分类有助于确定哪些患者能从药物和手术等治疗中受益等，说明该提议有积极的作用。D选项“Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care.( 然而，提案中建议的方法为更有效的治疗提供了新的希望。)”起到了承上启下的作用。故选D项。 【55题详解】 根据前文“While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause.( 虽然许多研究表明肥胖与慢性健康问题有关，包括2型糖尿病和心脏病，但具体证明肥胖是病因的研究较少。)”提到医学界长期以来一直在争论肥胖是否应被视为一种疾病，虽然很多研究表明肥胖与慢性健康问题有关，但很少有研究具体证明肥胖是病因。B 选项“Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions.( 一些肥胖的人没有显示出慢性疾病的迹象。)”进一步说明了肥胖与慢性疾病之间关系的不确定性，与前文内容相呼应。故选B项。 V．Translation (20%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 56. 尽管时间紧迫、消息来源有限，他仍按时提交了一份有深度的报道。(despite) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite time pressure and limited access to information/limited sources of information, he still turned in/submitted/handed in presented an in-depth report on time. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和名词。根据汉语可知，本句描述的是已发的动作，应用一般过去时；根据英文提示可知，应用介词despite表让步，后接名词短语；“时间紧迫”可译为time pressure；“消息来源有限”可译为limited access to information/limited sources of information；“他”为he，作主语；“仍”可译为still，作状语；“提交”常见的表达有turn in/submit/hand in/present，作谓语，用过去式；“一份有深度的报道”可译为an in-depth report，作turn in/submit/hand in/present的宾语；“on time”表示“按时”，作状语。故整句话可译为：Despite time pressure and limited access to information/limited sources of information, he still turned in/submitted/handed in presented an in-depth report on time. 57. 意识到生产一件T恤衫可能会以破坏发展中国家的生态平衡为代价，他决定在买新衣服时三思而行。(cost) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Realizing/ Having realized that making a T-shirt might cost developing countries their ecological balance he decided to think twice before buying new clothes. 或：Realizing that a T-shirt might be made at the cost of the ecological balance in developing countries, he decided to think twice before buying new clothes.  【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词、非谓语动词和宾语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“意识到生产一件T恤衫可能会以破坏发展中国家的生态平衡为代价”应翻译为Realizing/Having realized that making a T-shirt might cost developing countries their ecological balance，其中Realizing或Having realized，为现在分词形式或者现在分词完成时作状语，Having realized强调动作先于主句动作发生；that后引导宾语从句，making a T-shirt (生产一件T恤衫)为动名词作主语，cost sb sth，表“使某人损失某物”，为固定搭配；表示“意识到生产一件T恤衫可能会以破坏发展中国家的生态平衡为代价”也可翻译为Realizing that a T-shirt might be made at the cost of the ecological balance in developing countries，其中at the cost of，表“以...为代价”，为固定搭配；表示“他决定在买新衣服时三思而行”应用he decided to think twice before buying new clothes.，其中think twice before doing sth，表“做某事之前再三考虑”，为固定搭配。故翻译为Realizing/ Having realized that making a T-shirt might cost developing countries their ecological balance, he decided to think twice before buying new clothes. 或：Realizing that a T-shirt might be made at the cost of the ecological balance in developing countries, he decided to think twice before buying new clothes. 58. 作为一名有社会责任感的记者，她时刻牢记，没有什么比紧跟时事和保持客观更为重要。(count, mind) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a socially responsible journalist/As a journalist with social responsibility, she always keeps/bears in mind that nothing counts more than keeping up with current events and remaining/staying/being objective. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、名词和宾语从句。“作为一名有社会责任感的记者”可译为As a socially responsible journalist/As a journalist with social responsibility，其中“有社会责任感的”可译为socially responsible或with social responsibility，作定语修饰名词journalist；“她”为she，作主语；“时刻牢记……”常见的表达有keep/bear in mind that…，根据句意可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，that后为宾语从句；“没有什么比……更为重要”可译为nothing counts more than...，其中count表示“重要”，作that从句的谓语动词；“紧跟时事”可译为keep up with current events，其中keep up with表示“紧跟”，current events表示“时事”，此处作than的宾语，应用动名词形式；“保持客观”可译为remain/stay/be objective，此处与keep up with current events并列，也应用动名词形式。故整句话可译为：As a socially responsible journalist/As a journalist with social responsibility, she always keeps/bears in mind that nothing counts more than keeping up with current events and remaining/staying/being objective. 59. 当地政府致力于搭建各种在线教育平台，以提升农村地区的教学质量，缩小城乡差距。(dedicate) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The local government is dedicated to establishing/setting up various online learning platforms to enhance teaching quality in rural areas and bridge/narrow the urban-rural gap/ the gap between urban and rural areas. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和不定式。根据汉语提示可知，本句话描述的是当前一种经常性的客观事实，应用一般现在时。“当地政府”可译为the local government，作主语；“致力于做某事”可译为be dedicated to doing sth.，作谓语；“搭建”可译为establish/set up，根据前面动词短语结构可知，应用动名词形式，作介词to的宾语；“各种在线教育平台”可译为various online learning platforms，作establish/set up的宾语；“提升农村地区的教学质量”和“缩小城乡差距”，可用不定式作目的状语去表达，“提升农村地区的教学质量”可译为enhance teaching quality in rural areas，“缩小”常见的表达有bridge/narrow；“城乡差距”可译为the urban-rural gap/the gap between urban and rural areas。故整句话可译为：The local government is dedicated to establishing/setting up various online learning platforms to enhance teaching quality in rural areas and bridge/narrow the urban-rural gap/the gap between urban and rural areas. 60. 班会课上，班主任明确表示，为安全起见，参加此次社会实践的学生必须保持手机畅通。(it) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At/During the class meeting, the head/class teacher made it clear that the students/those participating in this social practice must keep their cellphones on/ stay in touch through mobile phones for (the sake of) safety/to ensure safety. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态、it作形式宾语和非谓语动词。表示“在班会课上”用at/during the class meeting，作时间状语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“班主任”用the head/class teacher，作主语；表示“明确表示”用make it clear，其中it作形式宾语，clear作宾语补足语，句子描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用make的过去式made；表示“参加此次社会实践的学生”用the students/those participating in this social practice，其中participating in this social practice为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰the students/ those；表示“必须保持手机畅通”用must keep their cellphones on/stay in touch through mobile phones。表示“为安全起见”用for (the sake of) safety/to ensure safety，作目的状语；the students/those participating in this social practice must keep their cellphones on/ stay in touch through mobile phones for (the sake of) safety/to ensure safety.为宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为At/During the class meeting, the head/class teacher made it clear that the students/those participating in this social practice must keep their cellphones on/ stay in touch through mobile phones for (the sake of) safety/to ensure safety. VI．Guided Writing (20%) 61. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，短视频平台在青少年群体中的热度不断升温，许多青少年日均浏览时间长达数小时。这引起了部分家长的焦虑，他们认为应禁止青少年使用此类平台。你是否赞同这一主张？请阐述你的观点并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I don’t fully agree with the idea of banning short-video platforms for teenagers. It’s true that many teenagers spend hours on these platforms every day, which concerns some parents. However, short-video platforms aren't all bad. There is content that can be educational, like science experiments or history stories, which can broaden teenagers’ horizons. The platforms that offer such content are the ones that can actually benefit teenagers. Moreover, completely banning them may not be the best solution. Teenagers who really want to use them will find ways, which could lead to more secretive and unsupervised use. What we should do is guide teenagers to use these platforms wisely. For example, parents can set time limits and help them choose positive content. In this way, teenagers can enjoy the benefits while avoiding the potential harm. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就是否禁止青少年使用短视频平台阐述观点并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完全地：fully→completely 禁止：ban →forbid 使担心：concern →worry 拓宽：broaden → widen 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I don’t fully agree with the idea of banning short-video platforms for teenagers. 拓展句：It is the idea of banning short-video platforms for teenagers that I don’t fully agree with. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s true that many teenagers spend hours on these platforms every day, which concerns some parents.（运用了It作形式主语和that引导的主语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What we should do is guide teenagers to use these platforms wisely.（运用了What引导的主语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 建平中学2024学年第二学期期中教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. By the time he emerged from the operating room, the surgeon had already spent hours performing what ultimately ________ to be an ineffective surgery. A proved B. was proved C. would prove D. had proved 2. He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. putting D. to put 3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A. whose B. which C. from whose D. from which 4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 5. At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks ________ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. opening and closing 6. Tom looked at Jenny, with tears _______ his eyes, and shouted out the words _______ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 7. — Why was he fined? — He happened to ________ several flowers in the park. A. see to pick B. be seeing picking C. be seen to pick D. see picking 8. After ________ by the heavy flood, Henan province experienced serious damage to its scenic spots, many tourists ________ in the disaster region. A. struck, were trapped B. being struck, trapped C. being struck, having been trapped D. having been struck; were trapped 9. Having spotted the tiny mistake in the experimental data — a flaw that had escaped even her most careful peers — the young researcher swiftly adjusted her hypothesis to ________ the reliability of her ground-breaking study. A. ensure B. perceive C. afford D. predict 10. ________ in ways few colleagues could match, the physician maintained 24-hour emergency services throughout the pandemic, making her clinic a shelter for vulnerable families. A. Respected B. Dedicated C. Armed D. Concerned Section B (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Patient Companion Mainly found in large cities with better medical resources, patient companions exist to help people deal with complicated medical systems. The profession ____11____ (develop) rapidly in China, with companion services being used over 4.3 million times in 2023. The total industry ____12____ (value) at 747 million yuan. In most cases, patient companions are found by clients ____13____ on social media. After the two sides sign an agreement, the patient companion ____14____ research the patient’s condition as well as the hospital where the patient is being treated. Patient companions arrive early to check in for appointments, ____15____ allows their clients to skip the long lines found in many large hospitals. They go to make payments or pick up prescriptions (医生开的药) on behalf of the patients if the latter have difficulty ____16____ (walk) or are unfamiliar with the processes. While waiting, the companions also provide emotional support and simple medical information to their clients. When ____17____ (permit), they will enter the consultation room with patients and take notes for them. Patient companions also help to facilitate communication between patients and doctors. As China’s population ages, there has been an increased demand for patient companions in recent years. The elderly often need help booking appointments at the crowded top hospitals. Meanwhile, many young people have started using patient companion services, as they found asking relatives or friends unnecessary or sometimes ____18____ (embarrass). The emergence of patient companions has helped to fill some gaps in China’s medical systems. And it looks like the profession is here to stay. Last month, Shanghai announced that it would include patient companions in its eldercare welfare system ____19____ a trial basis. With more comprehensive regulations ____20____ (introduce) in the future, patient companions will be more beneficial to both patients and medical workers. Section C (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．embarrassment B．flow C．spread D．irregular E．lower F．overlooked G．present H．ruining I．sharpening J．skilled K．trained Growing Up on the Grid Like computer circuit boards (电路板), many American cities are organized into grid (网格) patterns and they experience a vast ___21___ of people moving through them. In our new study published in Nature, we reveal that the city grid has a problem. Designed to ease navigation, they can in turn ___22___ the spatial (空间的) skill of those who grow up in them. Learning to navigate allows us to be independent, adventure to new places, and avoid the ___23___ of getting lost. Previous studies reported that our navigation ability can be affected by many factors, such as age, gender and education. One factor that had been ___24___ was the environment where we grow up. We therefore wanted to find out whether it was better to grow up in the city or countryside with regard to the ___25___ of one's navigation skills. To answer this question, we tested such skills of over four million people via Sea Hero Quest, an app-based video game we developed. It turned out that people who grew up outside of cities were better navigators than those who had grown up inside of them. The advantage was ___26___ across the lifespan of the participants, though showing a slight increase in later life. So what is it about cities that seems to bring down our spatial abilities? We may examine the rankings across countries for the navigation skill. One feature of these countries (the U.S, Canada and Argentina) whose citizens are terrible navigators is that they all have grid - arranged cities. At the other end of the rankings are countries such as Romania and Italy, with highly ___27___ city layouts. Do our results suggest that griddy cities are ___28___ your navigation abilities? Not quite. We found that although people who grew up in griddy cities were worse at navigation overall, they were slightly more ___29___ at navigating griddy environments than people from outside cities. So, if you were to pass through Manhattan or Barcelona, having a fellow navigator who grew up in a city would be helpful. The clusters of information moving through their brain circuits have been ____30____ to succeed within the grid. III．Reading Comprehension Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Among the things I have not missed since entering middle age is the feeling of being an absolute beginner. It has been decades since I’ve sat in a classroom in a gathering cloud of ___31___ or sincerely tried, lesson after lesson, to acquire a skill that was clearly not destined (注定的) to play a large role in my life. Learning to ride a bicycle in my early thirties was a(n) ___32___ — a little embarrassing when my husband had to run alongside the bike, as you would with a child but ultimately rewarding. Less so was the time when a group of Japanese schoolchildren tried to teach me paper folding at a public event. I’ll never forget their quiet puzzlement as my clumsy fingers ___33___ yet another paper crane. Like Tom Vanderbilt a journalist and the author of Beginners: The Joy and Transformative Power of Lifelong Learning, I learn new facts all the time but new skills ___34___. Journalists regularly drop into ___35___ subcultures and domains (领域) of expertise, learning enough at least to ask the right questions. The distinction he draws between his energetic gathering of declarative knowledge, or knowing that, and his ___36___ attention to procedural knowledge, or knowing how, is familiar to me. The prospect of ___37___ myself as, say, a late-blooming skier or marathon runner sparks only an idle interest, something like ___38___ what it might be like to live in some small town down the road on the highway. There is certainly a way to see that ___39___ as something positive. If you love your job and find it intellectually and creatively fulfilling, you may not feel the urge to discover other rooms in the house of your mind, whatever ___40___ and missed opportunities may be lying there. But there are ___41___ forces at work, too. There’s the fear of being bad at something you think is worthwhile — and, even more so, being seen to be bad at it. What’s the point of starting something new when you know you’ll never be much good at it? Middle age brings greater emotional calm, an unremarkable advantage but a ___42___. (The lows aren’t as low, the highs not as high.) Starting all over at something would put you right back into that emotional churn — excitement, self-doubt, but without renewable energy of youth. It might be fun, but it’s less likely to ___43___ your fate at forty or fifty. But isn’t that what makes lifelong learning so ___44___? As we fumble through (摸索着) new skills or ideas, we gain not just competence but modesty, empathy, and a renewed sense of curiosity. In that way, learning becomes less about mastery and more about ___45___ the ongoing process itself. 31 A. dissatisfaction B. incomprehension C. uncertainty D. distrust 32. A. routine B. exception C. reminder D. obstacle 33. A. completed B. abandoned C. fixed D. ruined 34. A. carefully B. fast C. seldom D. frequently 35. A. popular B. unfamiliar C. contemporary D. established 36. A. durable B. focused C. limited D. deliberate 37. A. reinventing B. declaring C. justifying D. marketing 38. A. wondering B. ignoring C. recognizing D. describing 39. A. curiosity B. pleasure C. anxiety D. reluctance 40. A. satisfied needs B. hidden talents C. trained skills D. buried memories 41. A. less happy B. more entertaining C. less intense D. more visible 42. A. fear B. relief C. burden D. challenge 43. A. observe B. transform C. predict D. control 44. A. confusing B. discouraging C. engaging D. demanding 45. A. redefining B. completing C. reversing D. embracing Section B (22%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of such prominent features had altered the appearance of the town center entirely, much to the annoyance of its conservative inhabitants. Among the annoyed, under normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force. But at the height of that week’s storm, when the winds brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. A large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis (支气管炎). When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working. It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyd, took the initiative and drove him to the doctor’s door that he finally gave in. In no time at all, Lloyd took him to the chemist’s to get his prescribed antibiotics and then home to Molly, who sent him straight to bed. When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham wasn’t been able to take it in. On Thursday evening, he asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head. It wasn’t until Saturday, when the antibiotics took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realized with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This has not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised (掩饰) the true state of the worn furniture in the living room. Also, the leafy garden had created an impression of privacy. With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness (简陋). And the view from the window didn’t bear looking at. 46. Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm? A. The town looked different. B. The police had done little to help. C No market could be held. D. Fallen trees had not been removed. 47. From the third paragraph, what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham and his work? A. He found his work extremely annoying. B. He was sure that he played a vital role in his work. C. He considered the police systems not efficient. D. He did not trust the decisions made by his superiors. 48. When Inspector Pelham’s wife told him about the walnut tree, he appeared to be ________. A. relaxed. B. shocked. C. saddened. D. uninterested. 49. What was the impact of the storm on the Pelhams’ living-room? A. It was pleasantly brighter. B. It felt less private. C. It had a better view. D. It looked less shabby. (B) “When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, “it means just what I choose to mean—neither more nor less.” —THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS I agree with Mr. Dumpty: Words have meaning. But surely we can seize upon a meaning and then create a word to match it. The following words — some culled from the crowdsourced online dictionary urbandictionary.com and others I’ve concocted myself — don’t exist according to Merriam-Webster…but should. I call them “worderfuls.” - blamestorming n. — the act of attempting to identify the person who is most at fault for a plan’s failure - cellfish n. — someone who talks on the phone to the exclusion of those he or she is with - chairdrobe n. — a chair on which one piles clothes that belong in the closet, not to be confused with a floordrobe - chiptease n. — a bag of potato chips that seems full but is mostly air - dullema n. — the choice between two equally boring outcomes - epiphinot n. — an idea that seems like an amazing insight to the conceiver but is in fact pointless, mundane, stupid, or incorrect - errorist n. — someone who is repeatedly or invariably wrong - nonversation n. — a completely meaningless or useless conversation - pregret v. — to know what you’ re about to do is wrong, wrong, wrong while also knowing you will do it anyway - unlighten v. — to learn something that makes you dumber 50. According to the writer, “worderfuls” refer to words ________. A. that are collected by online dictionaries B. that already exist but have a new meaning C. that are made up to match certain meanings D. that have been included in Merriam-Webster 51. Which of the following words can be illustrated by the picture below? A. blamestorming B. chairdrobe C. chiptease D. epiphinot Section C (8%) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a sentence from the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you will need. BMI Is Not Enough to Describe Obesity Body mass index (BMI), a rough measure of weight relative to height, is commonly used to diagnose obesity. But many experts believe it’s not the best tool. BMI tells very little about someone’s health. ___52___ Moreover, it was not designed to assess a diverse range of body types. It’s time for a better method. In January, a proposal by an international group of 58 health experts was published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. The experts say that doctors should either supplement or replace BMI readings with other body measurements, such as waistline, or tests that can objectively measure body fat, when diagnosing obesity. They also want to divide obesity into two categories: clinical (临床的) and preclinical. Clinical obesity is accompanied by health problems tied to excess body fat. People with preclinical obesity, however, do not have immediate weight-related health concerns. In other words, the former is an illness, while the latter is a health risk that needs to be monitored. ___53___ The proposal has received support from 76 medical organizations around the world. Still, it won’t be easy to put it into practice. For example, machines that can accurately measure body composition aren’t available in every doctor’s office. Besides, insurance policies are often several steps behind evolving medical practices. ___54___ The classification of obesity, for example, could help determine which patients would benefit from treatments like drugs and surgery. For preclinical patients, monitoring alone might be enough. The proposal could help doctors decide whether, when and how to treat patients. The medical community has debated for a long time whether obesity should be considered as a disease. While many studies have shown that obesity is associated with chronic health problems, including Type 2 diabetes (2型糖尿病) and heart disease, there is less research that concretely proves obesity to be the cause. ___55___ These debates prove that we need accurate methods of assessing obesity and its health impacts. A. This distinction could change how people understand obesity. B. Some obese people show no signs of chronic conditions. C. In fact, obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. D. Nevertheless the approach suggested in the proposal offers new hope for more effective care. E. Among other faults, the index does not distinguish between weight from fat versus muscle. F. Whichever BMI category a person falls into, it’s important to look beyond that number to get a whole picture of his health. V．Translation (20%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 56. 尽管时间紧迫、消息来源有限，他仍按时提交了一份有深度的报道。(despite) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 57. 意识到生产一件T恤衫可能会以破坏发展中国家的生态平衡为代价，他决定在买新衣服时三思而行。(cost) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 58. 作为一名有社会责任感的记者，她时刻牢记，没有什么比紧跟时事和保持客观更为重要。(count, mind) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 59. 当地政府致力于搭建各种在线教育平台，以提升农村地区的教学质量，缩小城乡差距。(dedicate) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 60. 班会课上，班主任明确表示，为安全起见，参加此次社会实践的学生必须保持手机畅通。(it) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ VI．Guided Writing (20%) 61. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近年来，短视频平台在青少年群体中的热度不断升温，许多青少年日均浏览时间长达数小时。这引起了部分家长的焦虑，他们认为应禁止青少年使用此类平台。你是否赞同这一主张？请阐述你的观点并说明理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$